浙江省杭州市西湖高级中学任务型阅读练习题(有答案)

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Little Habits Make a Big Difference

Everything around us is changing at amazing speed, it seems ?but some things will always remain the same.________ Some of our daily habits have the power to always give us happiness and lead us toward success. Here are some little habits that can make a big difference:

________

Many studies have linked early rising with success. An early morning wake-up carries benefits including better planning and anticipation（预料）of problems, and more time to do the things that make you happy.

Happiness comes to those who are curious.

________ As long as you live, there will always be something to learn, and as long as you follow your heart and your passions, you won't miss out on learning.

Believe in yourself and all that your are.

________ Confidence is the key to success ?the thing that lets you look at the past without regret, stay grounded in the present, and prepare for the future without fear.

A day well spent gets you a good night sleep.

Enough sleep makes you feel healthier and happier, and it's more than lifting up your mood or removing exhaustion. Adequate sleep is a key part of your health and inner happiness. ________ It doesn't take a huge effort to make a significant change in your life－using one or two tiny habits may be all you need. Get started today and you'll soon be experiencing the rewards.

A. That's why habits are so powerful.

B. The ground work of all happiness is good health.

C. Early to rise makes you healthy, wealthy, and wise.

D. The habit of respect means treating everyone with kindness.

E. Nothing will ever make you happier than having faith in yourself.

F. When you rest better, you can live better and achieve more happiness.

G. There is no stage in life when we can't be learning something valuable.

【答案】 A；C；G；E；F

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了养成几个好习惯可以对人生有很有益的影响。

（1）根据上文可知，虽然我们周围的一切变化的速度非常快，但是有些事情总是不变，这就是习惯的力量，故选A。

（2）根据下文可知，本段介绍的是早起的好处，早起经常与成功联系在一起，所以作为本段的标题，这里也应该说早起的好处，故选C。

（3）根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是人只要活着，总有要学习的东西。时常保持着好奇心，好学习的人总会感到幸福。因此G选项“人生中的任何一个阶段都能够学到珍贵的东西”符合题意，故选G。

（4）根据上下文可知，这一段讲述的是要相信自己，自信是成功的关键，E选项中的have faith in yourself正是此意，故选E。

（5）根据上文可知，本段讲述了休息的重要性，休息得越好，才会感到更加幸福，故选F。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

2．阅读下面材料，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

The autumn wind woke me up from my dream. I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw two people approaching me. As there was no one else in the park, they caught my attention immediately.

The two people were getting closer and I heard them laughing. At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts. But all of a sudden, I noticed the age of them — they were old. I could not clearly identify their age, but the woman looked as old as my grandmother. She had grey hair, blue eyes, and a smile on her face. And all the time she was looking at HIM...

"Jim, I think we should change the park. It's the same every Saturday. You know..." "Sus! Hug me."— that was all he said. He looked at her, smiled and gave her a hug.

At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her! I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other. And the one that outlives will think the life they spent together was the most beautiful period of their life.

They left, and I was sitting on my bench, shocked, and I had a special feeling in my heart. This feeling was hope! The old couple with all the complaints and tons of mistakes behind their backs made me realize that it was happiness that mattered in life. Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had dedicated your life to. I made a wish — waking up one day, being old and feeling proud of being together with the person I loved to overcome all the obstacles ( 障碍) and fight for happiness.

（1）Why did the author become angry at the old couple's laugh? (no more than 15 words) （2）Why did the old couple look at each other all the time? (no more than 10 words)

（3）What was the author doing at that moment in Paragraph 4? (no more than 20 words) （4）What does the underlined word "dedicated" mean in the last paragraph? (1 word)

（5）How do you like the old couple? What can you learn from the passage? Please express it in your own words. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】（1）Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.

（2）Because they loved each other deeply.

（3）The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much/The author

was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）Devoted/ Give entirely.

（5）I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过记叙公园的一对彼此深爱的老夫妻而引发了自己对于追求幸福，克服所有障碍和自己爱的人在一起的感悟。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and distu rbed my thoughts.”可知作者对那对老夫妇的笑声感到生气，因为它们破坏了作者与这个公园的统一，扰乱了他的思绪。故填Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she co uld be complaining, he loved her!”可知这对老夫妇总是互相看着对方是因为他们很爱彼此。故填Because they loved each other deeply.。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other.”可知作者想象着他们可能一起经历的许多事情——那么多的困难可能会让他们哭泣，他们现在可能正在经历的所有问题，以及他们其中一个活得比另一个更长的可能性。即作者是在思考是什么使这对老夫妇如此相爱。故填The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much.或The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）考查词义猜测。根据上文“Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had”可知最终，所有的人都会变老并死去，而真正起作用的是和你相伴一生的人，你为之奉献一生的人。故可推测划线部分单词意思为"奉献"。故填Devoted/ Give entirely.。

（5）本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!（我认为他们是值得钦佩的/鼓舞的/为我们树立了一个好榜样!）或We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.（我们应该珍惜爱我们的人，和他们一起为幸福而奋斗。）

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放性题目题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

3．（2019?天津）阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Haze Mabry, who has worked as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empties garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms and mops wet messes in the hallways.

Last Friday, after he arrived at the school, instead of finding garbage to clean up, he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him. It was his 80th. As he walked the long hallway, some popped

out of lime to hug him. They handed him so many cards that they filled several large boxes. Touched by their enthusiastic expression of affection. Mabry thanked them all. "They're like my children," Mabry said.

On a regular day, students at the school sometimes come up to him to say they're not feeling well or other times to tell him about something that happened at break. He knows most of the kids at the school, but can't name each one. Some of them make him know them. Like Faith, who often forgets her backpack in the cafeteria, and Lucy, who just wants a hug.

"He won't brag（夸耀）on himself, but it doesn't matter what he's doing or where he is, he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that child his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building," said Lori Gilreath, a reading teacher.

Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot. Mabry said he hadn't planned to do much for his milestone birthday, so he was happy the students had prepared the surprise celebration.

Over the weekend, he worked through the piles of handmade cards at his house. One card from a student stood out to him. It read: "Mr. Haze, you are my sunshine.”

（1）What is Mabry's daily work as a school keeper？（no more than 5 words）

（2）How did the students celebrate Mabry's birthday？（no more than 15 words）

（3）What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（1 word）

（4）Why is Mabry's presence at the school important？（no more than 10 words）

（5）Who is the "sunshine" in your life？Please explain. （no more than 20 words）

【答案】（1）Cleaning the（school）building.

Or: Doing（the）cleaning.

Or: He cleans the（school）building.

Or: He does（the）cleaning.

（2）By lining the hallways，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，handing him cards，and hugging him.

Or: By lining the hallways with（handmade）cards，blowing noisemakers，singing a song，and hugging him.

Or: They lined the hallways，blew noisemakers，sang a song，handed him cards，and hugged him.

Or: They lined the hallways with（handmade）cards，blew noisemakers，sang a song，and hugged him.

（3）Love.

Or: Liking.

Or: Fondness.

（4）（Because）he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard.

Or: （Because）he loves（the）students and is devoted to his work.

Or: （Because）he is kind/caring/helpful to the students，and hard-working.

Or: （Because）he is regarded as a kind/warm-hearted/helpful/caring and hard-working man.

（5）My father/mother. （Because）he/she loves me and encourages me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties.

Or: My teacher. （Because）he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career.

Or: My friend. （Because）he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/help/encouragement.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，清洁工Mabry的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。Mabry 爱学生，关心学生。学生们也尊敬他，喜欢他。在他80生日那天，学生们用自己的方式祝贺他的生日，表达了对Mabry的热爱。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Haze Mabry, who has works as a school keeper for thirteen years, walks into the school building every day and empty garbage cans, wipes down bathrooms, and mops wet messes in the hallways.”可知Haze Mabry是一位清洁工，他的日常工作就是清扫学校大楼。因此本句的答案可为：Cleaning the (school) building. /Doing （the） cleaning. /He cleans the (school)building. /He does (the) cleaning.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Last Friday,...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.和some popped out of line to hug him.”可知，上个周五，他发现几乎有800名学生在走廊里排队，拿着手制卡片，吹口哨，为他唱了一首响亮的生日快乐歌，拥抱他。因此答案为：By lining the hallways, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, handing him cards, and hugging him. /By lining the hallways with (handmade) cards, blowing noisemakers, singing a song, and hugging him. / They lined the hallways, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him. / They lined the hallways with (handmade) card, blew noisemakers, sang a song, handed him cards, and hugged him.

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第二段学生们为Mabry庆祝生日的方式和划线词后的内容“Mabry thanked them all,”以及“They're like my children.”可知 Mabry 爱学生，把学生当作自己的孩子。那么学生们也表达了他们对Mabry的热爱。因此Mabry被学生的爱所感动，故所以的“affection”相当于“Love”，故填love /Liking /Fondness.

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“...he will always stop what he's doing to take care of a child if that child is having a bad day. If a child approaches him, he will pause to give that boy his undivided attention. He's the most loved one in this building.”以及最后一段中的“Mabry works circles around all the students, cleaning up messes others don't want to touch. He doesn't expect a lot.”可知，Mabry 关心爱护孩子，帮助孩子，是一个善良、热心的人。一个不怕脏不怕累、勤奋工作的人。因此答案为：(Because) he loves/cares about（the）students and works hard. / (Because) he loves the students and devoted to his work. /(Because) he is kind/caring /helping to the students , and hard-working. / (Because) he is regarded as a kind /warm-hearted /helpful/caring and hard-working man.

（5）考查学生的观察综合表达能力。本题的题目：who is the "sunshine" in you r life?”谁是你生活中的阳光？只要在生活或学习中帮助过你，关心你、爱护你的，鼓励你，安慰你的都可称为your sunshine。因此答案可为：My father/mother.(Because) he/she loves me and encouraged me when I'm faced/confronted with difficulties. Or: My teacher.(Because) he/she cares about me and prepares me for my future career. Or: My friend.(Because) he/she brings me joy/happiness and gives me a lot of comfort/ help/ encouragement.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测以及综合表达能力等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而做出正确答案。

4．任务型阅读

Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:

Schedule yearly exams. ________Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.

Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Long term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. ________

Give your eyes a break. Two thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. ________Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away.

________As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. ________ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.

A. Eat your greens.

B. Eye care should begin early in life.

C. They can properly protect your eyes.

D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.

F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.

G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

【答案】 B；C；G；A；F

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了五个建议可以让人们终身享有健康的视力．1、每年定期检查；2、保护眼睛免受紫外线的伤害；3、让你的眼睛休息好；4、多吃绿色食品；5、安全实践和学习隐形眼镜的护理。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”Schedule yearly exams“安排每年都

检查眼睛；以及空后”Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.“可知专家建议父母亲在6-12个月的时候就带着孩子去进行眼部检查。也就说眼部检查要尽可能地早进行。故选B。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前” Long term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.“长时间地在强烈的阳光下，都会伤害到我们的眼睛。所以不管是什么季节，我们都要佩戴太阳镜，因为太阳镜可能会保护我们的视力。故C项符合上下文串联。故选C。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前”Give your eyes a break.“让眼睛休息”；以及第一段中的“三分之二的美国人花7个小时的时间使用电脑或者电子产品。没有让我们的眼睛得到休息，这样频繁地使用会增加我们眼睛疲劳的危险“。故G项符合上下文串联。故选G。

(4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后”As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day.“可知要多吃蔬菜等绿色食品，对我们的眼睛是有好处的。故选A。（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。很多人都佩戴隐形眼镜等，但是在使用中总是没有按照使用说明，这也让他们的眼睛处于危险之中。那么我们要采纳医生的建议，合理使用这些设备。故F项符合上下文。故选F。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

5．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Why not carry on her good work？

I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university？I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.

By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sicknees. Why did she write that？Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice？I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.

Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.

By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made

sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at a medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work？It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and ……

（1）When and where did the author read the article about Lin Qiaozhi？（no more than 5 words）

（2）For what purpose did Lin Qiao zhi write a little book about how to look after babies？（no more than 20 words）

（3）What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph mean？（no more than 10 words）

（4）What does the author think are the most important qualities that a successful doctor should have？（no more than 5 words）

（5）Do you think the author will study at a medical college？Why or why not？（no more than 20 words）

【答案】（1）On the Internet/computer one evening.

（2）To help the women in the countryside who could not reach a doctor if they had an emergency.

（3）Girls' education wasn't attached importance to compared with boys'.

OR: Boys always receive better education than girls.

（4）Kindness and consideration.

（5）Open.

【解析】【分析】短文大意：文章主要讲了正在作者不知道如何选择大学专业时，偶然读到了一篇关于林巧稚的文章。作者深受感动和影响，决定继续林巧稚医生伟大的事业。（1）细节理解题。根据第一段I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. （直到一天晚上，我坐在电脑前研究中国伟大的女性时，我才知道答案。）由此可知一天晚上，在电脑上，作者读到了一篇关于林巧稚的文章，所以填On the Internet/computer one evening。

（2）细节理解题。根据第二段I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor. （我仔细看了这篇文章，意识到这是写给农村妇女的。可能如果她们遇到紧急情况，却找不到医生。）由此可知林巧稚写《怎样照顾婴儿》一书的目的是帮助有紧急情况不能去看医生的农村妇女，所以填To help the women in the countryside who could not reach a doctor if they had an emergency。

（3）推理判断题。根据第三段Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 意思是突然，我意识到当时一个女人接受医学培训是多么困难。由此推断出That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys. 的意思是在那个年代，女孩的教育总是排在男孩之后，所以填Girls' education wasn't attached importance to compared with boys'. OR: Boys always receive better education than girls。

（4）细节理解题。根据第三段What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 可知作者认为一位成功医生应该具有的最重要的品质是善良和关心，所以填Kindness and consideration。

（5）题干询问你认为作者会在医学院学习吗?为什么或为什么不呢?该空答案开放，同学们可以按照自己的观点回答。

【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及细节理解题和推理判断题，细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题要注意联系上下文推断出所需信息。本题没有选项，须由考生自己组织语言作答，考生要注意根据题目要求组织语言，既要言之有理，又要准确精炼。

6．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。每个空格只填一个单词。

A psychotherapist once taught me a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.

She said, "Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy; that way, you separate yourself somewhat from the adult, and you are likely to understand and forgive him."

It actually helped. I couldn't be as mad at or disappointed by a child as I could be with a grown man. So, at least on some occasions, we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument. And I sometimes still use versions of that trick whenever I feel frustrated or angry in other relationships or personal exchanges.

But what if you could mentally change the form of the emotion itself? According to scientists at the University of Texas, maybe you can.

Focusing specifically on sadness, the researchers asked two groups of study participants to write about a time in their lives when they felt very sad. They then asked one group to imagine sadness as a person, and write down a description of the person they imagined would be sadness. Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways as an older person with gray hair and sunken eyes or a young girl holding her head down as she slowly walked along.

The researchers asked the other group of participants to write down a description of sadness with respect to its impact on their moods. When asked to rate their levels of sadness after completing their descriptions, the participants who wrote about the emotion itself and how it affects them reported higher levels of sadness than the group that anthropomorphized (人格化)sadness into a specific type of person with familiar human characteristics. The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative feelings.

While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and sometimes self-destructive ways to distract or "save" themselves when they are consumed by negative emotions. So in the study authors wanted to know whether or not the group that reported feeling less sad would make smarter shopping decisions.

They tested this by asking participants in both groups to first choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert to go with the main dish they were having for lunch. The researchers also asked participants to choose between a computer loaded with features for productivity or a

computer loaded with features for entertainment. Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.

For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emotions.

affect/influence/impact；control；life；rich/high/abundant；Conclusion

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了缓解悲伤情绪的方法——将悲伤的情绪具体化，但要将悲伤的情绪与相应的人分割开。同时文章中还介绍了一些实验，要求实验对象将自己悲伤的情绪想象成一个人，并赋予这个“人”以生命，从而达到减轻悲伤情绪的目的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a little trick that helped me feel less angry at my partner and less sad about the failings of our relationship.”心理治疗师告诉了作者一个帮助自己对父母不那么生气以及对关系不那么难过的方法。文章第一段为主旨段，提取关键词less。在做文章标题时应注意大写。故填Less。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Look at him and imagine him as a very little boy;”可知应填imagine，但by为介词，后接动名词，故填imagining。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“we were both spared the heartache of an uncomfortable silence or a not-so-silent argument.” 可知。我们都可以免于一个不舒服沉默带来的心痛或不那么沉默带来的争论。be spared of固定短语，“幸免于”，即对双方都有好处或益处。故填beneficial/helpful。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Not surprisingly, the participants described sadness in such ways ”可知，毫无意外的是，参与者用那样的方式描述了悲伤。Not surprisingly=It is no surprise that。故填surprise。

（5）考查推理判断“根据第六段中的”the participants who wrote about the emotion itself ...reported hi gher level of sadness than ...“情绪本身的参与者有着更高层次的悲伤，因此与之相对应的，将悲伤描述成一个人的，悲伤的层次较低。故填lower。

（6）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”Those study participants who had anthropomorphized their emotions were more likely to choose the salad and the productive computer than those who had simply written about their feelings.“接受了心理治疗的参与者更有可能选择沙拉作为作为主菜，且会选择装有工具性软件的电脑，说明心理治疗会对参与者造成影响，故填affect/influence/impact。

（7）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的”While it's okay to feel sad, many people behave in unconscious and...“可知。当沉浸在悲伤里时，很多人就会表现的无意识，即失去了对自己的控制。故填control。

（8）考查推理判断。根据anthropomorphized一词，及第六段中的”The researchers suggest that by giving life to the emotion, participants can view sadness as something (or someone) separate and somewhat distant from themselves, helping them relieve their negative feelings.“通过将情绪赋予生命，参与者可以将悲伤从别的事情中分离开来，帮助他们减少负面情绪。故填life。

（9）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”choose between a salad or a cheesecake dessert “可知，这些都是高甜、高热量的食物，故填rich/high/abundant。

（10）考查概括归纳。根据最后一段中的”For obvious reasons, then, they say this technique is best for reduce negative emot ions.“这样的方式是减低负面情绪最好的方法。最后一段是对整篇文章的归纳总结，故填Conclusion。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和概括归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确理解细节信息，并根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。

7．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a temptation that's hard to resist. This double whammy (双重灾难) is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation (剥夺).

Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students' progress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems.

It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no longer the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.

New technology habits aren't helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens

at night. The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's time to sleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain it's still daytime, delaying the body's cues to sleep even further.

Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms.

In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many other health organizations.

Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, sleep scientists, health professionals and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.

Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.

limits /restrictions；free；delay /postpone；benefit /profit

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了大多数学生都存在睡眠不足的现象，并分析了睡眠不足所产生的后果、原因、以及解决措施。

（1）考查信息提取能力。根据第一段中的"In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early"以及第二段"Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age

group"可知，在早晨，许多人被迫提前上学。九年级至十二年级的学生中，有四分之三的人睡眠不足的时间达不到美国医学研究院建议的八小时的睡眠时间。所以通过"many ,Three out of every four students"可知，大多数学生睡眠不足。故填majority。

（2）考查信息提取能力。根据第二段中的"In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention"可知，在大多数情况下，睡眠不足会导致注意力下降。所以通过"reduced attention"可知，由于缺乏睡眠，学生们不能集中精力学习。故填focus /concentrate。（3）考查信息提取能力。根据第二段中的"More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead to physical and emotional problems."可知，更令人担忧的是，睡眠不足可能导致身体和情感问题。所以通过"may"可知，学生缺乏睡眠，学生很可能遭受身体和情感问题。故填likely。（4）考查信息提取能力。根据第三段中的"They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in."可知，他们变得像夜猫子一样，熬夜，然后睡懒觉。所以通过"sleeping in"可知，青少年起的很晚。故填late。

（5）考查信息提取能力。根据第四段"The blue light emitted by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body's secretion (分泌) of melatonin, the hormone that signals it's time to sleep."可知，LED、电视、平板电脑和智能手机发出的蓝光会抑制人体的褪黑激素分泌，这种激素是一种向睡眠时间发出信号的激素。所以通过"emitted"可知，长时间暴露在屏幕上的蓝光中，可以防止人体分泌激素发出睡眠信号。故填exposure。

（6）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段和第三段以及第二段的内容可知，这三段主要在讨论对孩子睡眠不足的具体解决措施。故填Solutions /Approaches。

（7）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段"Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens,"可知，家长应该告知孩子们可以在屏幕上花费的时间。所以通过"inform"可知，家长应该对孩子可以在屏幕上花费的时间设定真正的限制。故填limits /restrictions。

（8）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第四段"In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bulbs in kitchens and bathrooms."可知，在就寝前一小时，应该把家里明亮的灯悬挂起来，避免厨房和浴室里的设备和刺眼的LED灯泡。所以通过"avoiding"可知，睡前，父母应该创造一个没有明亮或强光的健康环境。故填free。

（9）考查信息提取能力。根据倒数第三段中的"In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlier than 8: 30 a. m."可知，2016年，美国儿科学会建议初中和高中的上课时间不要早于上午8: 30。所以通过"no earlier than"可知，应该共同努力把开学时间推迟到，比如说上午8：30。故填delay /postpone。

（10）考查信息提取能力。根据最后一段"Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents."可知，只要学校把上课时间推迟，学生就会有更多的睡眠时间，出勤率就会上升，成绩就会提高，车祸也会大大减少。所以通过"students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents"关键信息的归纳总结。可知，尽管还有很长的路要走，但是改变上课时间对学生和社会都有益处。故填benefit /profit。

【点评】本题涉及考查信息提取能力题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，在理解句义的基础上，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

8．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

Fear of missing out

It's Friday night. While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking out a restaurant that's just opened, you've decided to spend this highly cherished night of the week by yourself. The night is yours to enjoy. If you think this sounds relaxing, you're not alone. At least for a little while until you start wondering if you've made the right choice. A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.

Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is a common feeling. A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out — your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.

Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness. Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. Further worsening the all- too-common feeling is the rise of social media use. Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others'. Rather than finding happiness through their own experiences, they begin worrying that theirs aren't objectively better than anyone else's.

The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching. One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue(疲劳), stress, and sleep problems. Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.

So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude. By reflecting on what you already have, you're less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don't. Another alternative?

Embrace(欣然接受) JOMO, or the joy of missing out. JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing. So, turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while resisting the urge to upload and share it. While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不懈), the results are well worth the effort.

By embracing the joy of missing out, you make room for all the benefits that come from spending time with yourself and the inner wholeness you contain; you create space to keep up with the things you wish you had more time for — gardening, reading, resting, exercising, cooking, learning, or simply being; and you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.

borrow；grateful/thankful；focusing；know/understand

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了FOMO“害怕错过”以及产生的原因，结果，克服它的方法。并介绍了JOMO“错失的快乐”的益处。

（1）考查提取信息的能力。根据第二段中的“A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out —your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you.”可知，最近的一项研究将“FOMO ”定义为“一种不安的、有时是全神贯注的感觉。你正在错过你的同龄人正在做或拥有比你更多或更好的东西。”所以空处填absent. 填absent。

（2）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence”可知，当你想象你的朋友们在你不在的时候玩得多么开心时，你开始产生怀疑。所以空处填doubts. 故填doubts。

（3）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“ Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.”可知，突然间，你为自己计划的安静的夜晚开始失去它最初的吸引力，你发现你的兴奋很快变成了焦虑。所以空处填anxious. 故填anxious。

（4）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“ Research has found that those with low levels of general l ife satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO”研究发现，总体生活满意度较低的人更容易出现“害怕错过”。所以空处填 unsatisfied。故填unsatisfied。

（5）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others”积极使用社交媒体的用户更有可能将自己的成就与其他人进行比较。所以空处填comparisons。故填 comparisons。

（6）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“One study conducted with first-year university

students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue( 疲劳), stress, and sleep problems”一项针对大学一年级学生的研究发现，“害怕错过”与疲劳、压力和睡眠等问题有关。所以空处填discomforts/problems. 故填discomforts/problems。

（7）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“ Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.”可知，此外，在2018年对1045名年龄在18岁至34岁之间的美国人进行的一项研究中，近40%的参与者承认，负债只是为了跟上朋友的生活方式，通常是通过增加在食品、旅游、服装和电子产品上的支出。所以空处填borrow。故填borrow。

（8）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude”可知你怎么能克服恐惧呢？从感恩开始。所以空处填grateful/thankful。故填grateful/thankful。

（9）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing.”JOMO让你在任何时候都可以将注意力转移到你真正想要的东西上，而不用担心周围的人在做什么。所以空处填 focusing。故填focusing。

（10）考查提取信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.”可知，你用新的方式看待自己，挖掘出隐藏在表面下的天赋，恐惧，快乐和怪癖。所以空处填know/understand。故填now/understand。

【点评】本题涉及考查提取信息的能力，要求考生准确理解所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

9．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.________

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ________ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.________

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ________ "You keep what matters," Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

F. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

G. "Sleep is the price we pay for learning," says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.

【答案】D；C；G；F；B

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。根据上一句的When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉，它不到一个月就死了，可知，D项“同样，人若几天不睡觉就会生病。”最切题。故答案选D。

（2）考查细节理解。结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆，而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话，考试的成绩会更好。”由此可知，C项最切题。故答案选C。

（3）考查推理判断。结合上文，上文提及的是一个理论，选项G中的“Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. 朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人”正好呼应，故答案选G。

（4）考查推理判断。根据下文可知，老鼠在睡眠结束时，突触会变小18%，表明睡眠时神经元会变弱，F项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应，故答案选F。（5）细节理解。根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱，但有些神经元会保持不变，再结合下文说，你记住了最重要的事，由此可知，B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好。故答案选B。

【点评】七选五题型解题技巧：在答题中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把握的小题可以留待最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。

10．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.________

One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ________ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next

day.________

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ________ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.

D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.

E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

F. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

G. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed th e idea.

【答案】 D；C；G；F；B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。

（1）根据上一句的When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.（实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉，它不到一个月就死了）可知，D项“同样，人若几天不睡觉就会生病。”符合语境，故选D。

（2）结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆，而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话，考试的成绩会更好。”是对上一句的进一步说明举例，C项最切题，故选C。

（3）结合上文，上文Support is growing for a theory…提及的是一个理论，选项G中的“Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.（朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人）”正好呼应，故选G。（4）根据下文可知，老鼠在睡眠结束时，突触会变小18%，表明睡眠时神经元会变弱，F 项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应，故选F。

（5）根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱，但有些神经元会保持不变，再结合下文说，你记住了最重要的事，由此可知，B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好，故选B。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

11．任务型阅读

Stephen Covey's book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is very popular among business people who want to improve their careers.________For example,Covey's principles can be used

to improve relationships between parents and children or to improve the way you manage your time.

Covey begins by discussing habits and effectiveness,and why they are both important to success.According to Covey,for an action,such as listening to others,to become a habit,you must know what to do and why you should do it.However,you also must want to do.On the other hand,effectiveness means having a balance between success and a good relationship with the people around you.________However,if the company does not respect its workers,the profits will eventually decline.

________The first three habits focus on personal growth.The next three habits are about how to get along with others.The seventh habit shows how to achieve physical,emotional and mental health.

Covey includes exercises to help you analyse your life.He challenges you to identify what you want to contribute to society in your lifetime.He does this by asking you to think about what people to say about you after you die________For example,if you want your children to say that you were always willing to spend time with them, then you will spend more time with them and less time at work________

A.It has the potential to really improve your life.

B.In this way,you can challenge yourself to make your dreams and ambitions come true.

C.However,its principles can be applied to any area of life.

D.In order to be successful,you must have habits that make you able to deal effectively with others and your own personal life.

E.For example,a company might focus completely on making a profit.

F.Your answer to this question will help you make better decisions about how to spend your time.

G.Covey also introduces the seven habits of highly effective people.

【答案】C；E；G；F；B

【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍Covey原理的内容和这一原理具体适用于生活的很多领域，尤其是一些商业人士更青睐它。

(1)考查上下文推理能力。根据下句的举例应该是对上句话的举例说明，下句意思是说Covey法则可以用在不同的领域，C项意思是：然而，它的原理可以应用于生活的任何领域。符合语境。故选C.

(2)考查上下文推理能力。根据前一句提到效率意味着在成功和与你周围的人建立良好关系之间取得平衡，后一句提到如果公司不尊重员工，推知设空处应该涉及到公司关注点不在员工身上。E项意思是：例如，一家公司可能完全专注于盈利。符合语境。故选E.

(3)考查上下文推理能力。根据下文提到“The first three habits”，“The next three habits”和“The seventh habit”可知这一段提到七个习惯。G项意思是：Covey还介绍了高效人士的七个习惯。符合语境。故选G.

(4)考查上下文推理能力。根据上句涉及到“让你思考在你死后人们会对你说些什么”，F项意思是：你对这个问题的回答将帮助你更好地决定如何度过你的时间。很好的承接上句，符合语境。故选F.

(5)考查上下文推理能力。根据上文的意思Covey可以帮助你练习分析你的生活。该处作为最后一句应该是总结这项功能的好处。B项意思是：通过这种方式，你可以挑战自己，让

你的梦想和梦想成真。符合语境。故选B.

【点评】本题主要考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。做题时可以采取以下步骤：阅读全文，掌握主要内容、作者的意图、文章的感情基调等；通读答案，找出和文章相对应的关键词；根据文章整体结构，将选项答案带入文中，再次通读全文，重点关注逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。

12．任务型阅读

A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you.

________ Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone's reading it. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way________ Maybe a kid in the neighborhood wanted you to steal with him.

Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don't go along with the group.________ The idea that “everyone's doing it” may influence som e kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind.

Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/his mind from what she/he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer-just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer!________

________ Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better.

A. Peers can have a good effect on one another.

B. Peer pressure is the direct influence on people by peers.

C. Good peers may give you a hand when you are in trouble.

D. That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations.

E. Maybe one kid in school tried to get another to cut class with him.

F. It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done.

G. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. 【答案】A；E；G；D；F

【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。主要讲述同龄人之间的影响既好的效果也会有不好的影响。有些孩子屈服于同龄人的压力，也有些孩子可能非常强烈，很难摆脱，但只要坚定信念，也能抵制住这种压力。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段的内容可知，同伴之间可以相互影响的。同伴间既有好的影响同，也有不良的影响。而前半部分说的是好的效果。分析选项可知A项（同伴可以互相产生良好的效果。）符合题意，故答案选A正确。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段指同伴之间的相互影响，根据“. However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way”及下句“Maybe a kid in the neighborhood wanted you to steal with him.”可知，是不好的影响。再根据下句的句式，只是一种推测，分