高中英语语法定语从句总结全

高中英语语法定语从句总结全

集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08] 高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、 where（地点状语） 可以修饰人的关系代词：that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词：that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. （= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be.） ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的 whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) the + n. + of whom (某人的) I like the students who/that work hard. （主语） The boy (that/ who / whom ) we saw yesterday is Tom. I know the girl whose father is a teacher. (whose father = the father of whom) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人） (whose parents = the parents of whom) I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物） (whose window =the window of which) 关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用 whom；表物用 which) 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who 和 that 用作介词宾语时, 介词必须放在句末.） The man (whom / who / that ) my mother is talking with is Mr Black. = The man with whom my mother is talking is Mr Black. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？ = Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with The library from which we can borrow books is very big. This is the book about which I told you just now. ●as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) ①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as(与……相同)；such …as …（如此，这样）; as many/much as（和……一样多）；so/as …as（与……一样）等结构中。如： ※I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用, 在从句中用作表语, 先行词是same.) .---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now --- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests. Don't do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world. 比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） ②如为非限制性的，as还可以单独引导一个定语从句，代替整个主句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语） 众所周知：As we all know, It’s well-know (to us all) that… =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health . =Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语） =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) Ⅲ. 关系副词(when, where, why)引导的定语从句,它们后面的句子完整，只缺状语，它们都可以等于 介词+ which , 其中 why 只等于 for which. ●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.） He came last night when I was out. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better. 注意：先行词为"时间名词"，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。 比较: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语） I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作谓语 spent 的宾语） Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, will be exciting.（宾语） I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched. There are occasions when joking is not permissible. ●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意：先行词是"地点名词"，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。