高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点4词义猜测题即时巩固
高考英语二轮复习专题06阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题(讲)(含解析)
专题6 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题【构建知识体系】2014-2016年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计2014-20162016年全国高考III卷本专题考查分布明细统计【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrive d at the checkin desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I'm really sorry, I've got some bad news for you—there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urge ntly needed for a patient—please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something thatis potentially going to save somebody's life.29. Which of the followin g can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?A．Provider. B．Delivery man.C．Collector. D．Medical doctor.[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpect ed teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.En couraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I'm just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imagin ative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really—at night, when you're asleep？”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in cl ass, okay？”7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]BOn one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, aren't you from Mississippi？” the elegant, whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I'm from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said. “I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said: ‘Now we believ e your stories，’” Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now youknow. These are the people that make me write them．’”Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I don't make them up，” she said o f the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don't have to.”Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片断) of a particularly interesting story.6. The unde rlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's ________.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2017年全国高考试题还会①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。
高考英语二轮复习专题0阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题含解析
专题6 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜想题【构建知识体系】词义猜想题考点1 猜想词义题考点2猜想短语题考点3 猜想指代题考点4 猜想句意题2021-2021年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考察分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布主旨大意细节理解推理判断词义猜想202 1第一节剑桥科技节的活动通知应用文1662旅鸽在美国逐渐减少直至灭绝的过程记叙文向驯兽师学习如何集中注意应对选择障碍议论文学者对濒危语种进展记录拯救记叙文第二节如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备说明文信息匹配子女近的地方居住的一种趋势，同时也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择。
文章主要讲述了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。
记叙文主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同含义。
说明文第二节主要介绍了密码的设置方法与破解方法。
说明文信息匹配2021-2021年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考察分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布主旨大意细节理解推理判断词义猜想202 1A以一个妻子的口吻讲述了发生在自己记叙文1932意解断想202 1A本文通过广告的形式介绍了几家举行音乐演出的剧场的信息。
应用文11022 B文章通过作家Welty一次及朋友在外面吃饭的经历，讲述了小说中的人物大多都是来自现实生活。
记叙文C介绍了苹果节的一些情况。
说明文D讨论了新闻传播的规那么，以及读者喜欢分享什么样的文章。
议论文考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所考察主旨大主旨大意题包括准确归纳标题、概括文章大意与总结段落大意，主要考察[2021·全国卷Ⅰ]CI am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2021, I've done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrivedat the checkin desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I'm really sorry, I've got some bad news for you—there are no fights from Washington.〞So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient—please, please, you've got to get me back to the United Kingdom.〞She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job, you're consciously aware that in that box you've got something that is potentially going to save somebody's life.29. Which of the followin g can replace the underlined word “courier〞in Paragraph 1A．Provider. B．Delivery man.C．Collector. D．Medical doctor.[2021·全国卷Ⅱ]BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of eachstudent, and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.〞A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpect ed teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.En couraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I'm just not creative.〞“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？〞“Oh, sure.〞“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.〞The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That's pretty creative. Who does that for you？〞“Nobody. I do it.〞“Really—at night, when you're asleep？〞“Sure.〞“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay？〞7. What does the underlined word “downside〞in Paragraph 4 probably meanA. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.[2021·全国卷Ⅲ]BOn one of her trips to New York several years ago, Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table.“Hey, aren't you from Mississippi？〞the elegant, whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I'm from Mississippi too.〞Without a second thought, the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，〞Welty said. “I didn't know what my New York friends were thinking.〞Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. Welty's new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion(团聚).“My friend said: ‘Now we believe y our stories，’〞Welty added. “And I said: ‘Now you know. These are the people that make me write them．’〞Sitting on a sofa in her room, Welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation.“I don't make them up，〞she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don't have to.〞Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty's people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss, from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. Sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片断) of a particularly interesting story.6. The underlined word “them〞in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty's________.A. readersB. partiesC. friendsD. stories【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2021年全国高考试题还会①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性与趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材及体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考察考生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。
高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点2推理判断题即时巩固
推理判断题A(2018·全国Ⅲ，C) While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildingsin China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts，many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful.Wang Shu，a 49－year－old Chinese architect，won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA).His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园) of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Manyvisitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.Thecurves (曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming a uniqueview.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked theworkers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls，roofs and corridors.Thiscreation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chineseelements (元素).Wang ’ s works show a deep understanding of modern archit ecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance，he had created a new type of Chinese architecture，said Tadao Ando，the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes atmuseum s.“That isonly evidence that traditions once existed，” he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions.They think tradition means old things from the past.In fact，tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created，” he said.“Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather thanfocusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowingwhat they really are，” said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice.Otherwise，the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty，he said.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，题材是人物报道。
高考英语二轮复习专题06阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题(讲)(含解析)
专题6 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题【构建知识体系】【考纲解读】【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向1.【2017·全国I】DA build-it-yourself solar still（蒸馏器） is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.33. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in par agraph 2 refer to?A. The tube.B. The still.C. The hole.D. The cup.【名师点睛】近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高同学们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。
高考英语二轮专题复习课件：第二板块+题型三+阅读理解+第4讲+词义猜测题
例
attacked.It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening ？ Apparently.Because we can watch the
neighbours react.
分 析
根据后面的原因状语从句“Because we can watch the neighbours react.”不难得知apparently应为“肯 定”的答复，其意思是“显然地”。
根据上文“By translating the rich and humourous text 分 of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of 析 BSL”中的translating可知，interpretation与translating
(2015·天津高考阅读C节选) In the library, I found my way into the “Children’s Room.” I sat down on the 典 floor and pulled a few books off the shelf at random. 例 The cover of a book caught my eye.It presented a picture of a beagle.I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. 分 由同位语“the first and only animal companion”的解 析 释说明可以猜出beagle为“一种动物”。
visible because they interact with light.Light typically
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点1细节理解题ppt版本
名师点津
• 细节理解题主要考查在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些 定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义，在高考中比重最大，在应 文中尤为常见。做题时应该注意：
• 1．明晰三种常见设问方式：
• 细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息 常见的命题方式有：
• ❺ How much should a member of a tour group pay t visit Hall & Gardens？ ______
B
• A．￡12. 00. B．￡9. 00.
• C．￡8. 00. D．￡5. 50.
• 解析：细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中 Hall & Gardens一列与Groups一行的交叉点可知，旅游团的一个 员游览Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为￡9. 00。故选B。
第一编
专题一 阅读理解
考点1 细节理解题
1
真题体验
2
技法例析
3
即时巩固
4
素能强化
真题体验
A (2018·全国Ⅱ
Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers，and select two acti they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for the indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised，parents/ will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.
2019高考英语二轮复习600分策略专题1阅读理解考点3主旨大意题即时巩固2018121625
主旨大意题A(2018·天津，C) There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus：food. Recent development has made possible machines that print，cook，and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer，a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience，but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re－create fo rms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant，all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D－printed，rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9. 6 billion by 2050，and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients (烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end，freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson，a professor at Columbia University，said，“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content，like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket，you’d eat something baked just for you on demand. ”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing，the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently，most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them，and the printing process is quite time－consuming，becauseingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that，most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients，because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers，believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high－end restaurants.文章大意：本文是一篇科普文章。
高考英语大二轮总复习 阅读理解专题四顺藤摸瓜明辨词义猜测
毛额市鹌鹑阳光实验学校专题四“顺藤摸瓜”——明辨类题目Ⅰ.体验高考(2014·课标Ⅰ卷)Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons－a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the mercialhunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed，then threw large nets over them，taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood，which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.In 1897，the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then，no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County，Ohio，in 1900.For a time，a few birds survived under human care.The last of them，knownaffectionately as Martha，died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.【语篇导读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。
高考英语二轮复习一 阅读理解 第4讲 词义猜测题靶向训练高三全册英语试题
语鹅市安置阳光实验学校专题一阅读理解第4讲词义猜测题[真题演练]A(2016·全国卷Ⅱ，阅读理解B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see what the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside．I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But I'm just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you're asleep？”“Oh，sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“That's pretty creative.Who does that for you？”“Nobody.I do it.”“Really—at night，when you're asleep？”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具培养学生的创造性和想象力。
2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习：阅读理解-词句猜测题__“义”有“景”生莫忘记课件
图解技巧
2.利用语法关系猜测词义
经典感悟 ●【典例2】 [2021·全国甲卷阅读C]Southbank, at an eastern
bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!__Safe!__Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
1.利用逻辑关系猜测词义
经典感悟 ●
【典例1】 [2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·C片段]When the explorers first set foot upon
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********灿若寒星竭诚为您提供优质文档********* 灿若寒星 词义猜测题
A (2018·北京，D) Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream，years away from materializing in the real world. Well，the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California，it should be noted，isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes，the techno－logy has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles. They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can ********灿若寒星竭诚为您提供优质文档********* 灿若寒星 work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车这项前沿科技话题，对以下方面进行了讨论：对无人驾驶汽车最大的担忧，对无人驾驶汽车未来发展的态度以及可能会出现的管理问题。通篇讨论了无人驾驶汽车的管理问题，引导考生辩证地看待问题。 ❶ According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __A__. ********灿若寒星竭诚为您提供优质文档********* 灿若寒星 A．help deal with transportation－related problems B．provide better services to customers C．cause damage to our environment D．make some people lose jobs 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety. . . policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options. ”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。选项A“有助于解决与交通有关的问题”与此意思吻合。 ❷ As for driverless cars，what is the author’s major concern？ __D__ A．Safety. B．Side effects. C．Affordability. D．Management. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today. ”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，与选项D提到的“(车辆)管理”吻合，显然这是作者比较关心的。 ❸ What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ __A__ A．Employed. B．Replaced. C．Shared. D．Reduced. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容the first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly并结合下句中as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology可知，随着价格的降低以及人