被动语态的主要用法
被动语态的主要用法
一．定义
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。
■当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)
They have been poorly paid. 他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)
■突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。
The time-table has been changed. 时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“”这些书)
■为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
■出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：
It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc.. 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)
8种常用时态的被动语态
由“助动词be + 动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有时态、人称和数的变化。
(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词。如：
Rice is grown in south China. 华南种植水稻。
(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词。如：
The glass was broken yesterday. 这块玻璃是昨天打烂的。
(3) 现在进行时：am/is/are being +过去分词。如：
The project is being carried out. 这个计划正在执行中。
(4) 过去进行时：was/were/being +过去分词。如：
This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。
(5) 一般将来时：will be +过去分词。如：
The cars will be sent abroad by sea. 这些汽车将由水路运往国外。
(6) 过去将来时：would be +过去分词。如：
The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。
(7) 现在完成时：have/has been +过去分词。如：
This novel has been translated into several languages. 这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
(8) 过去完在时：had been +过去分词。如：
When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 我到达剧院时，发现票已卖完了。
使用被动语态“六注意”
一要注意被动语态的不同时态
被动语态由“be+过去分词”，其中的助动词be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如：
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时)
The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时)
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时)
They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时)
二要注意带情态动词的被动语态
该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如：
The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。
三要注意非谓语动词的被动语态
1.不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如：
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。
2.不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。
3.现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护，他感到很安全。
4.现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话，我明天就得做准备。
The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了，他不得不谈下去。
5.动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如：
She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。
He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。
6.动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后，
注：过去分词没有被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如：
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
四要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态
英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如：
James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。
How did that window get opened? 那个窗户是如何打开的？
但总的说来，用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见，尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时，用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解：The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)
The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)
五要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态
1.不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语，所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，这类动词如：t ake place(发生)，happen(发生)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，arise (出现，发生)等：
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。
Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。
2.英语中的静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态：
My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。
The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。
英语不用被动语态几种的情形
1.谓语为连系动词时，不用被动语态。如：He looked fine. 他气色好。The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道很好。
2.谓语为不及物动词(短语)时，不用被动语态。如：The war broke out in the end. 战争终于爆发了。
I happened to meet him there. 我碰巧在哪儿见到了他。
3.宾语为不定式、动词的-ing 形式或从句，表示主语的一些想法、爱好或愿望时，一般不用被动语态。如：
He decided to go with us. 他决定跟我们一起去。I want to buy a computer. 我想买一台电脑。
4.宾语是相互代词、反身代词、同源宾语等时，一般不用被动语态。如：
We should help each other. 我们应该相互帮助。We live a happy life here. 我们在这儿过着幸福的生活。
He thinks of himself too much. 他对自己想得太多。
5.宾语是处所、地点时，一般不用被动语态。如：
We will reach the station in two hours. 我们再过两个小时就会到站了。
He has gone to London now. 他去伦敦了。
6.谓语部分(动词与宾语) 是一个不可分割的动词短语时，一般不用被动语态。如：
The ship set sail this morning. 这艘轮船今天早晨起航了。
He saw the doctor yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上看了医生。
通常不用于被动语态的静态动词
那里的人缺乏食物。正：People there lack food. 误：Food is lacked by people there.
从形式上看，第2句是第1句的相应的被动形式，既然第1句为正句，那么第2句从理论上说应该是成立的。而事实上第2句却是个错句。
在英语中，并不是所有的及物动词都可以用于被动语态的，有些动词(尤其是那些静态动词)尽管它们可以带宾语，但却不用于被动语态，这种动词考生容易弄错，其中主要的有：have，lack，fit，suit，cost，let，like等：他有一台电脑。正：He has a computer.误：A computer is had by him.
他当时正在洗澡。正：He was taking a bath. 误：A bath was being had by him.
我的鞋不适合。正：My shoes don’t fit me. 误：I am not fitted by my shoes.
这架钢琴花了她6000美元。正：The piano cost her 6000 dollars.
误：She was cost her 6000 dollars. 误：6000 dollars was cost her.
这件衣服他穿很合适。正：The coat suits him very well. 误：He is well suited by the coat.
六要注意两类被动句型的相互转换
英语中有一种主动句可以转换成两种被动句型，它们通常是一些表示客观说明的句子。如：
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是诚实的。
比较上面两类被动句型可以发现，一类是“it+be+过去分词+that从句”，另一类则是“主语+be+过去分词+不定式”(其中的“主语”为前一类句型中that从句中的主语)，通常可用于这两类被动句型的动词有assume, believe, expect, fe ar, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等，比较(同时注意其中时态和动词形式的变化)：It’s known that he was a good singer. / He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位优秀的歌手。
It’s reported that he was driving fast. / He is reported to have been driving fast. 据说他当时车开得很快。
表示“据说”的三类被动句型
(1) It is said that…句式
It is said that honesty is the best policy. 人们说诚实是上策。
It is said that thirteen is an unlucky number. 据说13是一个不吉利的数字。
It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。
注：其他类似结构还有：
It’s supposed to be very good. 据说它质量很好。
It’s expected t hat the war would end soon. 预计战争不久即可结束。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又有一颗卫星上天了。
(2) There is said that…句式
There is said to be plenty of oil off our coast. 据信我们近海有大量石油。
注：其他类似表达还有：
There is supposed to be a train at 9:30. 九点半应有一班火车。
There are known to be thousands of different species of beetles. 据了解，有成千上万种不同的甲虫。
(3) sb / sth is said that…句式：其意为“据说”，
Mr. Brown is said to have died of liver cancer. 据说布朗先生死于肝癌。
注：其他类似表达还有：
The strike is expected to end soon. 估计罢工不久就可结束。
He is believed to have already got out of the country. 据信他已离开这个国家。
关于主动形式表示被动意义
1.连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，没有被动语态形式。The building looks very beautiful.这座建筑看上去很美。Your idea proved to be wrong. 你的想法证实是错的。
2.当open, close, shut, lock, move, read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry 等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。
3.有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：
Her coat caught on the nail. 她的大衣被钉子钩住了。Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了眼泪。
4.不定式to blame, to let作表语时，常用主动表被动Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？The house is to let. 此屋出租
5.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂。The music isn’t pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。
The picture is interesting to look at. 这幅画看起来挺有趣的。
注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。
6.不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?
I have some clothes to wash. 我有一些衣服要洗。I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么
注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，
比较：I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)
7.在to o…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)The writing is too faint to read. 这笔迹太模糊，看不清。
These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。
8.be worth 后的动名词要用主动表被动。如：
This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看。
She’s not worth ge tting angry with. 犯不上跟她生气(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/d26097834.html,)。
注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义：This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。
9.在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了。These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看。
This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了。
注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表被动。如：
主动表被动的常见情形
(1) 连用动词用主动表被动：尤其是表示“……起来”的系动词，如sound(听起来), taste(吃起来), smell(闻起来), fe el(摸起来), look, seem(看起来)等，尽管它在汉语意思含有被动意味，但英语却要用主动形式表示被动含义。如：绸子摸起来柔软光滑。
误：Silk is felt soft and smooth.
正：Silk feels soft and smooth.
他并不像他看起来那么傻。
误：He is not such a fool as he is looked.
正：He is not such a fool as he looks.
(2) 某些不及动词用主动表被动：用作不及物动词的open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sel l, wear, cut, cook等，当主语是物，且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：
The book sells well. 这本书卖得不错。
The window won’t open. 窗子打不开了。
This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。
This cheese doesn’t cut easily. It’s too soft. 这乳酪不容易切，太软了。
(3) 关于let, blame：不定式to blame, to let等作表语时，用主动表示被动。如：
This house is to let. 此房出租。
Nobody is to blame for it. 谁也不该埋怨。
(4) 几个表示“需要”的动词：在表示“(某物)需要”的need, want, require等后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。如(https://www.360docs.net/doc/d26097834.html,)：
The house wants painting(= to be painted). 房子需要油漆了。
The floor requires washing(= to be washed). 地板该洗了。
(5) 关于be worth doing sth：在be worth后的动名词用主动表示被动。如：
His suggestion is worth considering. 他的建议值得考虑。
This clock is hardly worth repairing. 这个钟几乎不值得修了。
也谈主动形式表被动含义
■某些系动词，如feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, prove, remain等用主动形式表示被动意义；主语通常是事物，且表示该事物本身具有某一固有特征。。如：
The material feels very soft. 这种料子摸起来很柔软。误：The material is felt very soft.
The music sounds beautiful. 这音乐听起来很美妙。误：The music is sounded beautiful.
■表示主语由内在品质或性能，使得主语得以实现或不能实现，用主动表示被动，常见的这类动词有：write, re ad, clean, sell, wash, cook, open, close, lock等。
1. 同well, badly, easily等副词连用。如：The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。
The book sells well. 那本书很畅销。The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔很好写。
2. 谓语动词用否定式。如：
The window won’t o pen. 这扇窗开不了。The door won’t lock. 这门锁不上。
3. 主语+谓语(blow, wear等) +主补。如：The door blew open. 门被风吹开了。
■某些日常用语，cook, bake, make, print, pack, build, work out等动词用于进行时态时，可用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The fish is cooking. 鱼正在煮。The book is printing. 那本书正在印刷中。The plan is working out. 计划正在制订。
■不定式在下列情况下用主动形式表示被动意义：
1. 在“be+形容词+fit to do”句型中。如：
English words are difficult to remember. 英语单词很难记。
注：常用于此句型形容词有easy, hard, difficult, heavy, light, comfortable等。
2. 在作补语的形容词后作状语的不定式。如：
We found the book easy to understand. 我们觉得这本书的容易懂。
3. 在This /That /These /Those be后的名词后的不定式。如：
This is a difficult problem to solve. 这是一个很难解决的问题。
4. 在“there be/have/with sth. to do(有……要……) ”结构中。如：
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多事要做。
5. 在“疑问代词+不定式”结构。如：
The question is what to do next. 问题是接下来做什么。
6. 在“be to blame/seek/let”结构中。如：
The house is to let. 此房出租。
He is to blame for this. 他因此事应受到责备(https://www.360docs.net/doc/d26097834.html,)。
■在表示“需要”的need, want, require，及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。如：The floor needs sweeping. 这地需要打扫了。
That picture is worth looking at. 那幅画值得看。
主动语态变被动语态的易错点
1.take place等能用于被动语态吗
Great changes __________ in China since 1978.
A.have taken place
B.took place
C.have been taken place
D.were taken place
此题应选A。首先要排除C，D，因为take place(发生)是不及物动词，所以不能用被动语态；另一方面，因为句子中的since 1978，所以句子宜用现在完成时A。
大家知道，不及物动词没有被动语态(因为不及物动词没有宾语，转换成被动语态便没有主语)。但这里要注意的是：由于受汉语的影响，有些不及物动词很容易被考生误认为是及物动词，从而误用被动语态。这类易用错的动词主要的有t ake place 发生/ happen 发生/ come about 发生/ breakout 爆发/ appear出现/ disappear 消失/ last 持续等)。
他出什么事了?误：What was [is] happened to him?正：What has happened to him?
每四年举行一次选举。误：Elections are taken place every four years. 正：Elections take place every four years.
我不知道这事是怎么发生的。误：I don’t know how this thing was come about. 正：I don’t know how this thi ng came about.
夜里起了一起火灾。误：A fire was broken out during the night. 正：A fire broke out during the night.
—Have you moved into the new house?
—Not yet. The rooms __________.
A.are being painted
B.are painting
C.are painted
D.are being painting
此题选A。从句意上看，此题应选被动式(这是显然的)，同时注意：被动语态要用现在进行时形式(这点容易忽视)。
在做动词的语态题时，同时要注意其时态形式：
You are wanted on the phone. 有人给你打电话。(一般现在时)
When was the building completed? 这座大楼什么时候建成?(一般过去时)
You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you. 不会准你带这么多行李。(一般将来时)
A new railway is now being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。(现在进行时)
The roads were being widened. 道路当时正在加宽。(过去进行时)
Such a thing has never been heard of before. 这种事以前从未听说过。(现在完成时)
有时被动式动词可与情态动词连用：
The work must be finished at once. 这工作必须马上完成。
The method can still be improved upon. 这方法还可以改进。
My umbrella may have been left on the train. 我的伞可能忘在火车上了。
■含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多。
主动：Tom gave me a present on my birthday. 我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物。
被动：I was given a present by Tom on my birthday.
A present was given to me yesterday.
注意：如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词。
1. 在下列动词后，通常在间接宾语前用介词to：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, take,通tell等。
2. 在下列动词后，一般在间接宾语前用介词for：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, ma ke, order, paint, play, sing等。
主动：Mother made me a new skirt. 母亲给我做了件衬衣。被动：A new skirt was made for me.
3. 由于某些动词与介词有习惯搭配，既不用to也不用for, 而用别的介词。如:
People all over the world know the Great Wall. 世界上的人都知道长城。
The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. （不用by短语）
4. 有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通或不习惯，必须用直接宾语作主语。如：
Tom wrote me a letter．误：I was written a letter by Tom．正：A letter was written to me by Tom．类似的动词还有：return, send, pass, hand, sell, teach等。
■含复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的主动句改为被动句时，一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。如：
We always keep the classroom clean. 我们总是保持教室清洁。
The classroom is always kept clean. 教室总是保持清洁的。
They asked me to help them. 他们叫我帮助他们。I was asked to help them. 我被他们叫去帮忙了。
We saw them playing football. 我们看到他们在踢足球。They were seen playing football. 他们被人看见在踢足球。
注意：
1. 在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后要加上to。
We often hear her sing. 我们经常听到她唱歌。She is often heard to sing. 经常有人听到她唱歌。
2. 如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如：
We called him an ass. 我们叫他傻瓜。
误：As ass was called him. 正：He was called an ass.
■短语动词的被动语态
1. “动词+介词/副词”构成的短语动词，变成被动语态时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
The patient is being operated on. 病人正在动手术。
His request was turned down. 他的要求遭到拒绝。
注：这类短语动词常见的还有agree to, ask for, laugh at, listen to, look after, think of, talk about, call on等。常用的由“及物动词+副词”构成的短语动词有bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, p oint out, put away, put on, put off, take off, think over, work out, turn out, sell out, use up look up (查询) (www.y
2. “动词＋副词＋介词”构成的短语动词，变成变动语态时，要把它们作为一个整体看待。如：
The poor were looked down upon then. 那时穷人被人瞧不起。
He was looked up to by everyone他被人们所敬仰。
注：这类短语动词还有：get out of, look out of, get on with，get along with, catch up with, keep up with等。
3. “动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动动词，变被动语态时，既可将短语动词后的宾语作为被动句的主语，也可将短语动词中的名词作为被动句的主语。如：
You must pay attention to your pronunciation. 你必须注意你的发音。
Your pronunciation must be paid attention to.
Attention must be paid to your pronunciation.
注：这类短语动词常见的还有catch sight of, make use of, make fun of, make friends with, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take part in, take notice of, keep an eye on等。
■当主动句的主语是nobody, no one等含有否定意义的复合不定代词时，被动句中将其变为anybody，作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态。如：
Nobody can lift this stone. 谁也拿不起这块石头。
误：The stone can be lifted by nobody. 正：The stone can not be lifted by anybody.
■当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如：
They haven’t done anything to make the river clean.
误：Anything hasn’t been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has been done to make the river clean.
■以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首：
Who wrote this novel? 这部小说是谁写的？
误：Who was this novel written by? 正：By whom was this novel written?
■主动句中完成进行时态时，相应的被动句变为完成时态。如：
He has been using this dictionary for ten years. 这本词典他用了十年了。
This dictionary has been used for ten years.
带双宾语动词的被动语态有何规律
请看几个句子：
主动：He answered me the question. (正)
被动：I was answered the question by him. (正)
被动：The question was answered me by him. (误)
以上句子涉及带双宾语动词的被动语态问题。这个问题可以从三个方面去概括：
■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式(即可用直接宾语或间接宾语作主语)，这类动词主要的有：buy，give，lend，pay，show，teach，tell，offer，leave，award 等：
他给了她一些钱。
主动：He gave her some money. (正)
被动：She was given some money by him. (正)
被动：Some money was given (to) her by him. (正)
■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：do，make，pass，sell，sing，write 等：
他给她写了封信。
主动：He wrote her a letter. (正)
被动：A letter was written (to) her by him. (正)
被动：She was written a letter by him. (少见)
■有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用间接宾语作主语，这类动词主要的有：answer，refuse，save，spare，deny，envy 等(https://www.360docs.net/doc/d26097834.html,)：
他们不允许我入场。
主动：They refused me admittance. (正)
被动：I was refused admittance by them. (正)
被动：Admittance was refused me by them. (少见)
介绍一种特殊的被动结构
先看看这个句子：
I don’t know him，but he __________ to have a lot of money.
A.says
B.said
C.is said
D.is saying
此题应选C。这是一类比较特殊的被动语态。试比较以下各组句子：
据说他是一个诚实的人。
a. People say that he is an honest man.
b. It is said that he is an honest man.
c. He is said to be an honest man.
据说龟比象活得久。
a. People say that tortoises live longer than elephants.
b. It is said that tortoises live longer than elephants.
c. Tortoises are said to live longer than elephants.
人们认为他已离开了。
a. People believe that he has left.
b. It is believed that he has left.
c. He is believed to have left.
他们认为他取得了很大的进步。
a. They think that he has made great progress.
b. It’s thought that he has made great progress.
c. He is thought to have made great progress.(https://www.360docs.net/doc/d26097834.html,)
常用于这类结构的动词有：say，think，believe，report等。
英语两类有用的被动句型
■It be +过去分词+that…句型
It is said that…据说……
It is reported that…据报导……
It is supposed that…据推测……
It is hoped that…希望……
I t is well known that…众所周知……
It is generally considered that…普遍认为……
It is suggested that…有人建议……
注：这类结构有的还可改用接不定式的形式来表达。如：
He is said to have been to Japan.
■be +过去分词+to do…结构(https://www.360docs.net/doc/d26097834.html,)
The meeting is scheduled to take place next week. 会议定于下周举行。
All are supposed to come to the meeting on time. 所有人都应该按时到会。
被动语态的几种特殊用法
被动语态的几种特殊用法(1)主动形式表示被动意义 1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。 The window won't open．(这扇窗户打不开。) The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。) Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。) She doesn't photograph well．(她不上相。) His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的。) The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。) Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。) It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。) How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?) 2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。 My hair needs cutting。． The bike wants repairing． It doesn't deserve mentioning． Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。) 3)一些固定句型如：e worth doing sth．have/get sth．猨?搩湯履，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义： Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。) Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包)。 The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中。) This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中。) 4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义： ①There be句型： There are a lot of things to do． There is nothing to worry about． ②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时： I want some clothes to wash． Do you have anything to say for yourself? ③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时：
英语被动语态用法详解
英语被动语态用法详解 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The classroom ________ by students every day. A．cleans B．cleaned C．is cleaned D．is cleaning 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态和被动语态。句意：教室每天都由学生打扫。句子主语The classroom，单数第三人称形式，与谓语动词clean之间是被动关系，再结合every day，可知句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故选C。 2．The two nurses ________ 100，000 yuan by the police but donated it to victims of the explosion. A．rewarded B．would be rewarded C．have been rewarded D．had been rewarded 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元，但是她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者。根据“but donated it to victims of the explosion.”，可知“她们把钱捐给了爆炸事故的受害者”已经是发生在过去的事情，而“两位护士被警方奖赏100，000元”是发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时，且“两位护士”和“奖赏”是被动关系，故用被动语态，选D。 考点：考查时态和语态 3．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 4．The affairs of each country should be by its own people. A．elected B．settled C．developed D．contained 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词。句意为：各国事务应由自己国家的人们解决。由句意可知，选settle，
【精品】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
【精品】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The house, which _____ last night, ____ my aunt but she doesn’t live there any more. A．was broken into; is belonged to B．broke into; is belonged to C．broke into; belonging to D．was broken into; belongs to 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查被动语态和主动语态。句意：这所房子昨晚被拆了，它属于我的姑妈，但她已经不在那里住了。第一空，根据last night 及句意可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，break into“破门而入”，答案为was broken into；第二空，belong to“属于”，无进行和被动语态，结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，答案为belongs to。故选D。 2．(江苏四校第四次考试)The flood has caused a lot of damage to that area and the figures of the missing________shortly. A．will be published B．have been published C．had been published D．are published 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态。shortly不久，不多时，在句中作时间状语，表示将来，所以空处应该用将来时。句意为：这场洪水给那一地区造成了很大损失，失踪人数很快就会公布。 答案：A 3．At the awarding ceremony held in Tokyo, the scientists were surprised by what ______ in science and technology. A．has discovered B．has been discovered C．had discovered D．had been discovered 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在东京举行的颁奖仪式上，科学家们惊讶于科学技术的发现。科学家们感到惊讶是过去式，故科学技术发现用过去完成时，what于动词discover是被动关系，故选D。 4．The si nger’s music video nearly 9 million times since it was posted on the Internet four weeks ago. A．viewed B．has viewed C．was viewed D．has been viewed 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态与语态辨析。A. viewed，一般过去式；B. was viewed过去式的被
被动语态的几种特殊用法教学提纲
被动语态的几种特殊用法 (1)主动形式表示被动意义 1)常见的这类动词有：“act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil”等。 The window won’t open．(这扇窗户打不开。) The cow milks well．(这头牛出奶率很高。) Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。) She doesn’t photograph well．(她不上相。) His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的。) The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。) Flies kill easily in autumn．(秋天苍蝇容易死亡。) It turned out fine that day．(结果那天天气很好。) How did his coat catch on a nail? (他的衣服怎么钩到钉子上了?) 2)实用动词“need／want／deserve／require +V-ing(动名词)”形式表示被动意义。 My hair needs cutting。． The bike wants repairing． It doesn’t deserve mentioning． Hamlet is required reading for the course．(《哈姆雷特》为本课程指定读物。) 3)一些固定句型如："be worth doing sth．have/get sth．(sb.)done"，以及to be under(in)+抽象名词等表示被动意义： Beijing is a big city in China and worth visiting．(北京是中国的一个大城市，值得浏览。) Mr.．Wilson had his wallet stolen the day before yesterday．(威尔逊先生前天丢了一个钱包)。 The bike is under(in)repair．(自行车正在修理中。) This tape recorder is in use．(这种录音机正在使用中。) 4)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义： ①There be句型： There are a lot of things to do． There is nothing to worry about． ②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时： I want some clothes to wash． Do you have anything to say for yourself?
英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．More than one worker ______ dismissed. A．have been B．are C．has been D．has 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查主谓一致和语态。句意：不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由"many a,more than one ＋单数名词"构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式，故排除A和B，“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选C。 2．________sco res of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．—Have you heard about that school bus accident? —Yes, fortunately all on board including the driver ________. A．were saved B．was saved C．have saved D．has been saved 【答案】A 【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。句意为：——你有没有听说那起校车事故？——嗯，幸运的是，车上所有的人包括司机都获救了。由题干中的Have you heard...可知，事故发生在过去，且all 为主语，和save逻辑上构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案A符合语境。 4．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。
被动语态的基本用法
被动语态的基本用法 一. 何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如：Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 如：Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. 3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。 如：The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. Electricity is used to run machines. 二. 被动语态的构成 1. be+done 可以是被动语态，也可以是系表结构形式。被动语态中，done可以带by短语，而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带by短语。 如：The question is settled. (系表结构) Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态) The composition is well written. (系表结构) The composition is written with great care . (被动语态) The job was well done. (系表结构) The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态) 2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried), 既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有by，通常是被动语态。 如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态)
【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler A．inspired B．prompted C．rised D．insured 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查过去分词。A. inspired鼓舞；B. prompted引起，提示；C. rised上升；D. insured确保。句意：电影《辛德勒的名单》的灵感来自一个真实的人，名叫奥斯卡·辛德勒。结合句意可知此处用被动语态，故答案为A。 2．It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown. A．is held B．has been held C．will be held D．had been held 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查句式用法。This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这是第一（二，三…）次…。一般来说，This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句，这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时，但是这个句子中，so far距今为止，表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动，还没有举办，要用将来时。故选C。 考点: 考查句式用法 3．The new library ________; it will be open next year. A．had been built B．was built C．was being built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：图书馆正在建设中；明年开放。根据后面一句可推知，图书馆是正在建设中，所以要用进行时，图书馆是被建的，要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 4．The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017. A．announced B．was announced C．announces D．is announced 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意：设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。计划是被官方宣布，故用被动语态；动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5．Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.
被动语态的结构及用法
教学过程 被动语态的结构及用法 Step 1 Warm-up: Review 复习 一、Review the past participle forms of the verbs 1、规则动词过去分词的构成： (1)一般情况+ed 如worked；以不发音的e结尾，直接+d 如liked (2)以“辅音字母+y”，y →i+ed 如study →studied (3)以重读闭音节结尾，词尾仅一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ed 如stopped，planned 2、特殊变化：课本附录 Step 2 Presentation:呈现 一、语态概述：略讲 1、英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的，分为主动语态与被动语态两种。 2、主动语态，即主语是动作的执行者。Eg. We clean the classroom. 3、被动语态，即主语是动作的承受者。Eg. The classroom is cleaned by us. 二、被动语态的构成：略 被动语态的基本构成是“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+(by)”。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化。by通常紧跟在被动句谓语动词之后，有时也可省。 1、现在： （1）一般现在时am/is/are + done （2）现在进行时am/is/are + being done （3）现在完成时have/has + been done 2、过去： （1）一般过去时was/were + done （2）过去进行时was/were + being done 3、将来：一般将来时shall/will + be done 三、被动语态句式：略 （1）肯定：主语+be+过去分词+(by) The cars are made by them. （2）否定：主语+be+not+过去分词+(by)The cars are not made by them. （3）一般疑问句：Be+主语+过去分词+(by) Are the cars made by them? （4）含有情态动词的被动语态：主语+情态动词+(not)+be<原形>+过去分词+(by) 四、被动语态的用法： 1、强调动作的承受者eg. Her bike is stolen. 2、淡化动作的执行者（没有说明、没必要指出、不知道） Eg. This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 3、动作的承受者是谈话的中心eg. The picture was drawn by a boy under eight. Step 3 Consolidation:巩固 五、主动与被动的转换：时态不变 A.主动中的宾语→被动语态的主语 B.谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词） C.主动中的主语→被动语态的宾语（介词by之后），主格→宾格 Eg. He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him. 1、S+V+O
被动语态特殊用法总结word版本
被动语态的使用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。“Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory. 语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday./I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. )he meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 有些既不用to 也不用for, 根据动词与介词的搭配关系。He asked me a question. (A question was asked of me. ) People all over the world know the Great Wall. The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. (不用by短语) 2. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： 不及物动词+ 介词，如: agree to, ask for, laugh at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk about 等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. 及物动词+ 副词：如：bring about, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, turn out 等。 His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. 3. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean. She told us to follow her instructions. →We were told to follow her instructions. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。 We often hear him play the guitar. →He is often heard to play the guitar. 注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。如： Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and people called them love apples.
强烈推荐,有经典例句的被动语态的用法
一、被动语态的用法： 1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。 The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。 He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。 2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。 The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。 The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。 3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。 The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。 4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。 It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。 It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。 其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有 It is reported that…据报道 It is said that…据说 It is believed that…大家相信 It is suggested that…有人建议 二、主动语态变为被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 注意： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. → A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： （1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示"人们"、"大家"的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去"by…"，但原主语被强调者除外。如：
被动语态特殊用法
一、不用被动语态动词：(1) have有(2) look,sound,smell,taste 等连系动词(3) takeplace/happen (4) getto/arrive(at/in)/reach 至U达 (5) rise 升起，上升6) ring(铃响)(7) begin/start 幵始(8) lie 躺，说谎 探Thebooksellswell.(这本卖得好)探Themeatcookswell. (9)return (回来，回归一不用被动，归还一可用被动语态) (10)leave (离幵一不用被动语态，留下/遗忘一可用被动语态) 二、常用被动语态： (1) belocatedin (2)becoveredwith (3)becalled (4) bemadeof(in/from) (5)bemadeupof (6)besetfor (7) betold 被高知(teii后没人)(8)beasked todOSth(9) beinvitedtodosth (10) bedressedup as (11 )becutdown (12)beeate nup (13) beknockedover (14)bethrownaway (15) bewrittenin (16) bewelcomedby (17)beusedfordoingsth/todosth 三、动词不定式的省to形式的被动语态：(变被动时，要还原to) makesbdosth—bemadetodosth ) seesbdosth/watchsbdosth/hearsbdosth/no ticesbdosth
高考英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
高考英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Please don’t stand up in class until you ______. A．were told to B．are told C．are told to D．were told 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查省略句。句意：直到有人叫你站起来，你才可以在课堂上站起来。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时。故C选项正确。 【点睛】 to代替不定式 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，动词不定式在句中可以被省略掉，但是要保留动词不定式的符号to。to代替不定式，常同refuse, want, seem, intend, expect, hope, like, be afraid, prefer, care, oblige, forget, wish, try，tell等动词连用。 注意：如果不定式中含有be, have,或have been，一般要保留be, have或have been。 本句还原为：Please don’t stand u p in class until you are told to stand up。省略句为：Please don’t stand up in class until you are told to 。故C选项正确。 2． A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus. A．confirmed B．had been confirmed C．was confirmed D．have confirmed 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年，当时，一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。Confirm证实，确认，根据was reported in 2014可知，是过去的事情，先行词是2014，定语从句也用一般过去时，排除B、D；woman与confirm是动宾关系，即她是被确诊的，故选C。 考点：考查时态与被动语态 3．(桂林部分学校高三质量检测)The wet weather will continue tomorrow，when a cold front________to arrive. A．will be expected B．is expecting C．expects D．is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：预计将有一股冷锋到来，因此潮湿的天气明天将会继
被动语态的基本用法
何时使用被动语态 1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如： Paper is made from wood. The house is quite old. It was built in 1950 He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时 3 为了使语气婉转， 避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语 态，使句子得以更好的安排。 女口： The con struct ion o f the new lab must be compi eted by month. Electricity is used to run machines. 被动语态的构成 2. 许多 verbs （broken, interested, shut, worried ）, 既可以用做 态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有 by ，通常是被动语态。 如： I was worried abeutyou all night. （ 表状态 ） 被动语态的基本用法 如： Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam. Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away. He was awarded first prize in that contest. the end of next 1. be+done 可以是被动语态， 也可以是系表结构形式。 被动语态中， done 可以带 by 短 语，而系表结构中 done 相当于 adj. 不带 by 短语。 如： The question is settled. （ 系表结构 ） Such questions are settled by us. （ 被动语态 ） The composition is well written. （ 系表结构 ） The composition is written with great care . （ 被动语态 ） The job was well done. （ 系表结构 ） The job was well done by a skilled worker. （ 被动语态 ） adj. 也可以在被动语
英语被动语态用法
英语被动语态用法 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
语态篇——常见与不常见的被动 [提问]在下面这个句子中，那些部分为被动语态“I had not originally been scheduled to work this day but I was extremely pleased when I was asked to help out at the last minute, for it would be one of the most memorable days of the games. (Experiencing English Integrated Book Page120)” 答：要分析上面这个句子，并划出相应的被动语态部分，首先要清楚地了解什么是被动语态和被动语态的结构。 在学中，语态是针对动词而言的一种形式，描述句子中和参与此动作的之间关系。语态分为主动Active Voice和被动Passive Voice两种。当主语是动作的发起者（或之一）时，称为主动语态；如果主语为动作的承受者时，称为被动语态。例如：“猫吃老鼠。”这句话是主动语态；而“老鼠被猫吃。”则是被动语态。 一点意见，我觉得这些语法太简单了 被动语态强调动作的对象或动作本身，句中主语是动作的受动者。分析句子时找到主语和谓语动词，如果主语并非主动行为，而是接受动作，是动作指向的对象，那么该句就是被动句。被动语态的基本构成为： be动词+及物动词过去分词。其中be动词随着句子的不同时态发生相应变化，并要注意随主语人称、单复数变化而使用正确形式。 1）一般现在时：am／is／are＋V-ed 2）一般过去时：was／were＋V-ed 3）一般将来时：will／shall be＋V-ed 4）现在进行时：am／is／are being＋V-ed 5）过去进行时：was / were being + V-ed 6）现在完成时：have／has been＋V-ed
被动语态的特殊用法
被动语态的特殊用法 我们刚刚学习了被动语态的构成和一些基本用法，下面就一起来看看被动语态的一些特殊用法。 一、一些特殊动词的被动语态 1. 跟复合宾语的动词的被动语态 感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，须转为带to不定式。如： I saw a bag drop from the bus. →A bag was seen to drop from the bus. Mother made her baby sleep in her arms. →The baby was made to sleep in her mother’s arms. 2. 跟双宾语的动词的被动语态 直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语。如： Mr. Smith gave us a lecture. →We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith. 或A lecture was given by Mr. Smith. 当句中含有return, write, find, buy等动词时，常把直接宾语转为被动语态的主语，同时要注意介词的搭配。如： I returned him the book. →The book was returned to him. （注意用to） He wrote me a short note. →A short note was written to me. (注意用to) He found me an umbrella. →An umbrella was found for me. (注意用for) I bought her some flowers. →Some flowers were bought for her. （注意用for） 3. 短语动词的被动语态 变成被动语态时，短语动词应当看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能丢掉。如：
被动语态详细讲解(基础讲解)
被动语态 一、语态概述 我吃了一个苹果，那现在苹果怎样了？苹果被我吃了。正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词本身没有被动语态。 及物动词---本身意义不完整，后必须带宾语，有些还可以带双宾。 不及物动词---本身意义完整，不需要带宾语，如带宾语必须通过介词。 人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以eat为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 一般现在时：am／is／are＋eaten 一般过去时：was／were＋eaten 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋eaten 过去将来时：would/should/be going to be＋eaten 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋eaten 过去进行时：was／were being＋eaten 现在完成时：have／has been＋eaten 过去完成时：had been＋eaten 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如：some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者） (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：The window was broken by mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by Lunxun.这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。 (3) 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. ---- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. ----The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. --This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. --This work must be done soon. 六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired. （2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend.