Question Answering CNLP at the TREC-9 Question Answering Track
2020年秋季国家开放大学《管理英语3》形考任务(1-8)试题答案解析
OXygen is a necessary element to enable you to IiVe alive. FOr healthy life, WindOWS and doors must be Wide and USUally be kept OPen at IeaSt for 15 hours a day1as VentiIatiOn Of air makes you fresh and healthy.
It is Very necessary to make your house IOOk greener because it has a direct impact On your health. If you keep your house greener, you Will get rid Of many dangerous diseases. Here are SOme WayS to keep it greener.
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二、阅读理解
阅读下面的文章,根据文章内容判断文章后的句子是正确(T)还是错误(F)e(每题10分)
Managing OneSelf
We IiVe in an age full Of OPPOrt Un ities: If you are Smart eno ugh, and have got ambition and keep PUShing forward, you Can rise to the top Of your chosen PrOfeSSion, no matter Where you StarteCl out.
宁夏省固原市2023-2024学年八下英语期末质量检测试题含答案
宁夏省固原市2023-2024学年八下英语期末质量检测试题满分120分，时间90分钟一、单项选择（共10小题，满分20分）1、People are trying to _________ a robot which can think like a human.A. realizeB. compareC. inventD. check2、—Would you mind ________ some chocolate?—Sorry, I have made up my mind ________ weight.A. to have; to loseB. having; losingC. having; to loseD. to have; losing3、Helen has got two brothers. _____ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it.A. NeitherB. NoneC. EachD. Any4、I feel it hard to keep up with my classmates. But my teachers always encourage me, so I think I should ________.A. give upB. carry onC. try onD. put on5、The match was over in our school yesterday. Could you tell me _________?A. who won the match at lastB. what was over yesterdayC. where the match was heldD. when the match was over6、—________ I use the computer, Mom?—Yes, you can. But you have to finish your homework first.A. WouldB. ShouldC. MustD. Can7、Unlike engines such as Google or Baidu, ChatGPT really goes a step ________ in learning.A. closerB. furtherC. widerD. harder8、—Diana, don’t jump to any conclusion, ________ when you are impatient.—Don’t worry, I won’t.A. exactlyB. especiallyC. closelyD. usually9、The British people and the French people are all ________ (欧洲人).10、S he doesn’t know the way to Dingzhou. Can you help ________?A. youB. himC. meD. her二、完形填空（10分）11、阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
Unit 1
Unit OneI.Lead-in1.Movie Clip律政俏佳人Legally Blonde（2001）见/v_show/id_XMTg3NzYxNDA=.html 24分40秒开始到27分45秒台词：(Prof. for Professor Stromwell)Prof.: A legal education means you will learn... to speak in a new language. You will be taught to achieve insight... into the world around you... and to sharply question what you know. The seat you havepicked will be yours... for the next nine months of your life. And those of you in the front row...beware. "The law is reason free from passion." Does anyone know who spoke those immortalwords?－Yes?Boy: Aristotle.Prof.: Are you sure?Boy: Yes.Prof.: Would you be willing to stake your life on it?Boy: I think so.Prof.: What about his life?Boy: I don't know.Prof.: Well, I recommend knowing before speaking. The law leaves much room for interpretation... but very little for self-doubt. And you were right. And you were right. It was Aristotle.Girl: Good job.Prof.: Now, I assume all of you have read pages 1-48... and are now well-versed in subject matter jurisdiction. Who can tell us about Gordon vs. Steele? Let's call on someone from the hot zone. Elle Woods?Elle: Um…Actually, I wasn't aware that we had an assignment.Prof.: Vivian Kensington. Do you think it's acceptable that Ms. Woods is not prepared?Vivian: Oh…No. I don't.Prof.: Would you support my decision to ask her to leave class... and to return only when she is prepared? Vivian: Absolutely.Notes（点击黑体部分单词，自动分别显示以下注释）1)insight: ability to see into the true nature (of sth.); deep understandinge.g.: The article gives us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.2)beware: (only in imperative and infinitive)used to warn someone to be careful because something isdangerous.e.g.: He told us to beware (of pickpockets, the dog, icy roads).3)free from: not controlled by; withoute.g.: Newspapers today are entirely free from government control.4)passion: strong feeling, e.g., of hate, love or angere.g.: He spoke with much passion about the importance of art and literature.5)immortal: famous for ever; that will be remembered for evere.g.: Bruce Lee is an immortal figure in Chinese kung fu.6)stake: gamble o r risk (money, one’s hopes, one’s life, etc.) on sthe.g.: Kevin is staking his reputation on the success of the project.7)…leaves much room for interpretation: 为阐释留下了许多空间e.g.: The evidence was clear, and there was little room for doubt.8)well-versed: knowing a lot about somethinge.g.: Steve is well-versed in many styles of jazz.9)subject matter jurisdiction: the authority of a court to hear cases of a particular type or cases relating to aspecific subject matter. For instance, bankruptcy court has the authority to only hear bankruptcy cases. 主旨管辖权jurisdiction: the authority to carry out justice and to interpret and apply laws; the right to exercise legal authority 司法；司法权e.g.: The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country.10)absolutely: completely; unconditionallye.g.: There is absolutely no difference!（在下一页面展示问题）Questions:1. Why does Prof. Stromwell ask the boy student to stake his life on the source of the quote?（点击显示Because Prof. Stromwell tries to emphasize the importance of precision in law.）2. Do you think that teachers should ask students to leave the classroom if they are not prepared for the class? Why or why not?（点击显示Open question.）（这道题为open question，供学生讨论，不设参考答案）2. Inspirational QuoteThere are few earthly things more beautiful than a university a place where those who hate ignorance may strive to know, where those who perceive truth may strive to make others see.－John MasefieldQuestion:What does this quote bring to your mind? What are your expectations when you came to university?NGUAGE STRUCTURE PRACTICELanguage Structures1. This is called a pencil sharpener in English.2. The tableware has already been cleaned.3. I was invited to the party the other day.4. A lecture on stamp-collecting will be given tomorrow week.Description of LSPLSP I （点击进入LSP I对应的练习部分）Identifying and asking somebody to identify an objectLSP II（点击进入LSP II对应的练习部分）Inquiring whether something has been done and who did itLSP III （点击进入LSP III对应的练习部分）Inquiring what somebody was asked to do on a certain occasionLSP IV （点击进入LSP IV对应的练习部分）Asking for information about something which has been postponedPreparatory Questions1．About languages spoken in different places1)What language is spoken in the UK?2)Is English spoken in the United States?3)In what other countries is English spoken? （点击鼠标后显示Australia、Canada、New Zealand, etc.）4)Do you know if English was spoken in America six hundred years ago?（点击鼠标后显示No. At that time there were no English-speaking peoples in America.）5)Is English spoken in and out of class in our department?6)Do you think English will be spoken by more and more people in the world?2．Questions about great historical/current events:1)When was the New Continent discovered by Christopher Columbus? (点击鼠标后显示In1492.)2)When was the Declaration of Independence of the USA adopted? (点击鼠标后显示In 1776.)3)Can you tell when the former Soviet Union was founded? (点击鼠标后显示In 1917.)4)When was Hong Kong returned to China? (点击鼠标后显示In 1997.)5)When and where will the next Olympic Games be held? (点击鼠标后显示In London, UK, in2012.)LSP I （本部分请录音）I. Cues:A: What’s this called in E nglish? B: It’s called a pencil sharpener.（点击后显示注释1）A: What is it made of?（点击后显示注释2）B:（点击后显示It’s made of metal.）A: （点击后显示Where is it sold?）B: It’s sold at the stationer’s.（点击后显示What is it used for?）B: It’s used for sharpening pencils.Notes：1.―What’s this called in English?‖ ―It’s called a pencil sharpener.‖点击后分段显示The italicized verb phrases are in the passive voice. The passive voice is used when the agent is not emphasized. The agent may be unimportant or unknown, so it is not mentioned in the sentence.When the person who does it appears in a passive sentence, it is placed in a by-phase. c.f.,1)Smoking is prohibited in the warehouse.2)Our classroom is cleaned everyday by two students on duty.The passive sentences given above are all in the simple present tense; the passive verb phase is structured as be + past participle.2.What is it made of?Here is an example of an active verb phrase, make of, transformed into the passive form; the verb phrase made of cannot be split.下一页显示：B.C. Let’s do some substitution practice.D. Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the sample . Sample:A: Is a record player also called a phonograph in America? B: Yes, it is.A: Is it made of wood?B: No, it isn’t. It’s made of metal and plastics.A: Is it sold at a hardware shop or a department store? B: At a department store.A: Is it used for recording sound or for reproducing sound from records? B: For reproducing sound from records.下一页显示：LSP II （本部分请录音） II. Cues:Alan and Betty Jones are giving a dinner party in the evening. They are now talking about the preparations they have made for the party. John and Susan are their children.（（点击sponge cake，显示：a very light cake with tiny holes and made from flour, eggs, and sometimes fat）（点击cellar，显示：storage space where wines are stored）（点击mown，显示：to cut the grass of a lawn with a knife or a machine called the mower）A. Listening to the recordingA. Has the tableware been cleaned yet?（点击蓝色部分显示注释1）B: （点击后显示Yes, it has.）A: Who cleaned the tableware today?B:（点击后显示John did, of course.）Notes：Has the tableware been cleaned yet?– In a passive sentence in the present perfect tense, the verb phrase is structured as have/has been + past participle.B. Let’s do some substitution practice.C. Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the sample.Sample:A:The table has been set, has n’t it?B:Yes, it has.A:Who did it, Susan or Betty?B:Susan did it today.LSP III. （本部分请录音）III. Cues:There was a party for foreign students at the International Club three days ago. Many foreign students were invited to the party and asked to give a short performance of some kind. The students are talking about the party now.c.f.: The magician conjured a rabbit out of his hat.）（点击cross talk，显示：相声）A. Listening to the recordingA: Were you invited to the party the other day, Joan?B: （点击后显示：Yes, I was.）（点击the other day，显示：The other day means ―some days ago‖. ）c.f.: You will be invited to Mr. Johnson’s party some day (on a certain day in the future).A: Were you asked to do anything?B: （点击后显示：Yes, I was asked to tell a joke.)A: （点击后显示：Françoise and Hans were asked to perform a folk dance, weren’t they?）B: No, they weren’t.A: （点击后显示：What were they asked to do?)B: They were asked to sing a duet.（点击duet，显示：A duet is a piece of music for two voices or for two players.c.f.: Joan was asked to sing a solo. Françoise and Hans were asked to sing a duet.）Notes：1.Many foreign students were invited… and asked to give a short performance of some kind.1)What is the tense of the italicized passive verb phrase? How is it structured?2)The object complement to give a short performance… becomes the subject complement when theactive sentence is transformed into a passive sentence.3)give a short performance of some kind –The Chinese equivalent is ―表演一个随便什么样的小节目‖.B. Let’s do some s ubstitution practice.C. Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the sample.Sample:A: The table has been set, hasn’t it? `B: Yes, it has.A: Who did it, Susan or Betty?B: Susan did it today.LSP IV（本部分请录音）IV. Cues:1)A: Isn’t there a lecture on stamp-collecting now?B: (点击后显示：No, it has been postponed.)A: When will it be given?B: (点击后显示：Tomorrow week/a week from tomorrow.)2)A: (点击后显示：Why isn’t there anybody here?)B: Because the folk music concert has been called off.A: (点击后显示：Has it? Will it be given some other time?)B: Yes, a week on Sunday/a week from Sunday.（点击（点击semantics，显示：Semantics is a branch of the science of linguistics known to connect with the meaning of words.）（点击premiere，显示：A premiere is the first public performance of a play or movie.c.f.: A new UK film had its premiere at the grand theatre.)（点击acrobatic，显示：An acrobatic movement or display involves difficult physical acts such as jumping and balancing, especially in a circus.c.f.: The audience applauded at the excellent acrobatic performance.)（点击recital，显示：A recital is a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person.）C.Let’s do some s ubstitution practice.D.Now let’s do some variations of sentence structure by following the samples.Samples:1.A: Do you know that the lecture on stamp-collecting has been postponed?B: Yes, I was told so.A: When will it be given?B: Not until a fortnight from today（点击显示注释1）.2.A: The folk music concert has been postponed, hasn’t it?B: Yes, it has.A: Do you know when it will be given?B: A week on Sunday, I heard（点击显示注释2）.Notes：1. a fortnight from today– the 15th day counting from todaytomorrow week – the eighth day counting from tomorrowa week on Sunday – the eighth day counting from Sunday2.―When will it be given?‖ (It’ll be given) Tomorrow week.‖ –What’s the time of the action here? How isthe passive verb phrase structured?DIALOGUEA.Listening to the recording（先播放录音，再点击一下可显示文字，供教师根据需要选择）A New Life on the University CampusLu Hua goes back to her secondary school to visit Mr. Wang, her former English teacher. Mr. Wang asks her about her life and study in the English Department at Pujiang University.A: Hello, Lu Hua. Nice to see you back. How are things at the university?B: Everything’s fine, Mr. Wang. Life at the university is so exciting and challenging.A: Do you live on campus?B: Not the whole time… I mean not on weekends. A university rule says that no freshmen should live off campus during the weekdays, unless the university authorities give permission.A: It’s a good rule for new students. But you don’t have to eat in school cafeterias, do you?B: No, we don’t. But we prefer to eat there because there’s a wide variety of foods on the menu, which changes every day. Besides, the food service is much better than that of most secondary schools. For one thing, our campus cafeterias are under the management of a professional food service company with an annually-renewable contract.A: I suppose you buy meal plans, then.B: Most of us do. We have IC cards for meals and pay on a monthly basis.A: That’s very convenient. Well, how do you like your campus environment in general?B: The university has two campuses, one for freshmen and sophomores, and the other for juniors, seniors and graduate students. My campus is located on the out skirts of the city. It’s a new campus, very peaceful, and free from the hustle and bustle of a metropolis.A: And free from all sorts of distractions and diversions that most city dwellers find it hard to escape or ignore.B: Yes, it’s another plus when you live away from urban attractions.A: Did you have any orientation program about campus life for the entering students?B: Yes. It was a three-day orientation, including a campus tour. We tried to learn as much as possible about the university. We visited libraries, classroom buildings, language labs, the multimedia resources center, computer support services, the student club, and the sports stadium.A: Do you freshmen have access to all these resources and technical facilities on a regular basis?B: Absolutely. They are open to all students. As a matter of fact, we’re encouraged to make the most of the libraries and technical support services on the campus.A: Being an English major, do you have to speak English with your fellow students and English teachers most of the time?B: Yeah. We’re expected to speak English with all our English teachers, whatever courses they teach. We’re also encouraged to speak English in the dorm area as much as possible. We’re not quite used to t his ―English onl y‖ environment, though. Anyway, we’re all trying very hard.A: Good for you. It always takes time to adjust to a new environment. I suppose there are English lectures and talks available to you.B: Yes. They are given to us English majors periodically, and they cover a variety of topics. Not only that, we are encouraged to attend the free discussion session following each lecture or presentation. Most of the lecturesare given by native speakers, but unfortunately, I have a difficult time figuring out much of what they say. A: It takes time to understand lectures by the native speakers. But they are very good for students majoring in English.B: Yes, indeed. There’s no reason whatsoever for me to skip any of them.A: Well, your life at the universi ty sounds very good. It’s such a delight to know that one of my students is doing fine at the university. Come and see me again when you have a chance.B: I certainly will.NOTES（点击黑体部分单词，自动分别显示以下注释）：3.Life at university is … challenging.– Life at the university makes the students face difficulties in theirstudies with interest and courage. ( 大学生活启迪思考，激励上进。
chapter9-大数据专业英语教程-朱丹-清华大学出版社
高等院校终于脱离了传统的数据库系统，并开始采用大数 据应用来管理数据。以下现状呈现出大数据在各个领域的 应用蓬勃发展的态势。
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Big data is making bigger inroads into the education industry
Colleges and universities are not only inundated with data from legacy systems but have also begun to link disparate information from across the campus. The application of data-driven decision making has begun to permeate all aspects of campus life and operations, as enterprising leaders harness predictive analytics to tackle bottleneck courses, power advising initiatives and share best practices with their peers. We look at some features here that big data application might be able to provide in education sector.
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提高学生成绩 教育系统中大数据的总体目标应该是提高学生成绩。作业
和考试的答案是衡量学生表现的唯一标准。在学生生活中， 每个人都会生成一个独特的数据跟踪。该数据跟踪可以实 时分析，为学生提供最佳的学习环境，并更好地了解学生 的个人行为。
2023年成考专升本英语真题及答案
成人高等学校专升本招生全国统一考试英语I．Phonetics(5 points)Directions：In each of the following groups of words，there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A，B，C and D．Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation．Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．1．A．quiet B．society C．yield D．diet2．A．fourteen B．source C．yours D．tournament3．A．customer B．cushion C．culture D．currency4．A．chess B．character C．chorus D．chemist5．A．hurry B．imply C．identify D．occupyII．Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)Directions：There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section．For each sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．6．We travelled on the 6：45 a．m．train to Boston，____arrived at 8：30 p．m．A．that B．which C．it D．what7．The boys spent the whole morning____possible answers to the question．A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing D．discussed8．It's a pity that some of the people____cannot come tO the party．A．inviting B．invited C．to invite D．were invited9．It was____ matter that I had no choice but to talk it over with my parents．A．a such serious B．a so serious C．such serious a D．SO serious a10．Jane isn’ t feeling well today．I dare not do____ to upset her．A．anything B．something C．nothing D．a thing11．More and more families have moved elsewhere because they cannot____the noise from the neighbouring airport．A．come up with B．put up with C．catch up with D．keep up with12．Walk another block and cross the traffic lights，you will see the museum right____the left．A．by B．in C．on D．for13．The Intemet users visiting our website are____young people between the age of 13 and 20．A．most B．almost C．mostly D．at most14．No culture exists in____．It all comes from someplace．Ancient customs were modem one time．A．vacuum B．emptiness C．blank D．space15．There are several means of mass communication．The newspaper is' one．Television is____．A．the Other B．the another C．other D．another16．____the government agrees to give extra money, the theatre will have to be closed next month．A．Unless B．If C．Since D．As17．It is important to____ our awareness about environmental protection．A．improve B．make C．form D．raise（唤起，提高）18．Seldom____ any mistakes during my past five years of service in the company.A．I did make B．I would make C．did I make D．would I make19．I____ raw fish，but I’ d like to try it one day．A．never eat B．never ate C．was never eating D．have never eaten20．Interestingly，many people hold the belief that imports are____ to domestic goods.A．contrary B．relevant C．superior D．essentialⅢ．Cloze(30 points)Directions：For each blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．Every woman dreams of receiving a huge priceless diamond．Now space scientists 21____ that they have discovered the largest diamond in the universe．But it’s well 22____ the reach of the most loves truck men because it's 50 light years away, to be 23____．Measuring 2,500 miles across and weighing five million trillion pounds，the rock Was found on Valentine’ s Day 24____ in the core of a white dwarf star, and it has excited the 25____ world.“It’s the mother of all diamonds，”said Travis Metcalfe，26____ led the team of researchers at the Harvard-Smithsonian Centre，“and you would need a jeweler’S loupe(专用放大镜)，the size of the Sun，to 27____ this diamond．”The largest diamond 28____ on earth was the 3，106-carat(克拉)Cullinan．It Was cut 29____ nine major stones，including the 530-carat Star of Africa，now a part of the Crown Jewels．Diamonds were 30____ discovered in India more than 2,800 years ago．The Ancient Romans 31____ that the stones were broken pieces of stars that had 32____ to earth．In Ancient Egypt，diamonds were used in funerals. In the Middle Ages，men 33____ them to symbolize their courage and strength．The 34____ of giving them as presents dates from 1477，35____ Maximilian，the prince of Austria, gave a diamond ring to Mary of Burgundy．21．A．admit B．tell C．explore D．reveal22．A．under B．over C．beyond D．within23．A．precise B．certain C．clear D．correct24．A．buried B．blocked C．built D．blended25．A．physical B．scientific C．material D．natural26．A．who B．which C．that D．he27．A．measure B．register C．grade D．weigh28．A．cultivated B．drawn C．caught D．found29．A．from B．into C．by D．with30．A．first B．last C．finally D．newly31．A．questioned B．believed C．suspected D．confirmed32．A．fallen B．dived C．left D．burned33．A．decorated B．viewed C．took D．wore34．A．practice B．tradition C．habit D．culture35．A．what B．while C．that D．whenIV．Reading Comprehension(60 points)Directions：There are five reading passages in this part．Each passage is followed by four questions．For each question there are four suggested answers marked A，B，C and D．Choose one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet．Passage OneBefore the conference began，a Japanese businessman was introduced to an American businessman at the lounge．The Japanese businessman，arms extending downwards from his shoulders，bowed from his waist toward the American businessman to whom he was just introduced．His eyes were directed ahead，his face showed no particular expression．The American businessman stood straight．His eyes focused on the Japanese man’S eyes．He smiled and put out his right hand．Both men smiled briefly in embarrassment．The Japanese man straightened up and put out his right hand．The American withdrew his hand and bowed his head．A broader smile of embarrassment．and some noise from each man-not really words，just some sounds from their throats-indicating discomfort．They were in the course of a conflict of customs；they had different habits for greeting people they were being introduced to．When people are planning to go to another country,they expect to encounter certain kinds of differences．They usually expect the weather and the food to be different．They expect to find differences in some of the material aspects of life，such as the availability of cars，electricity，and home heating systems.And，without knowing the details，they expect differences in customs．Customs are thebehaviors that are generally expected in specific situations．American men，for example，shake hands with each other when first introduced while Japanese men bow．36．When introduced to the Japanese businessman，the American businessman put Out his right hand because____．A．he felt a little bit nervousB．he wanted to express his discomfortC．he felt a little offended by the Japanese manD．he wanted to shake hands with the Japanese man37．The two businessmen behaved differently because____．A．they followed their own greeting customsB．they were not used to the strange atmosphereC．they couldn’t speak each other’ S languageD．they had never met each other before38．Paragraph 4 tells us that when visiting a foreign country,____.A．it is very uncommon for one to encounter embarrassing situationsB．it is hard for one to adapt to the material aspects of life thereC．people often expect tO meet differences in customsD．people expect the same kind of food and weather39．This passage is mainly about____．A．cultural invasion B．the understanding of customsC．business talks D．differences in handshakesPassageTwoMr．Leonard，the principal of the Bedford Academy High School in Bedford-Stuyvesant，Brooklyn，is a man of many solutions，many of them creative，many of them，apparently, also effective．In New York City, only about 50 percent of students manage to graduate in four years．At Bedford Academy 63 percent of the students qualify for free lunch，a majority of which are being raised by a single mother andanother significant number are being raised by someone other than a parent．Yet close to 95 percent of students graduate，and actually every one of those goes on to college．Mr．Leonard does not achieve those results by admitting only high-testing students into his school．Of the students arriving with lower test scores，Mr．Leonard says that he is not looking for the students with the highest grades，or even the best behavior．He’ S looking for the ones who understand his basic mission of discipline and respect，and are willing to devote themselves to his regular training course．The Bedford Academy High School is famous for its autonomy．For Mr．Leonard，autonomy means insisting that all entering students spend their Saturday mornings in preparatory classes the summer before they enroll．Autonomy also means an automatic weeklong suspension for any student who “disrespects a female，”said Mr．Leonard．It means requiring struggling students，in the weeks before the Regents exams，to attend studying sessions on Saturday from 9 a．m．until 9 p．m．It means the most senior, experienced teachers，including Mr．Leonard，teach not the school’S academic jewels，but the most struggling students．And au tonomy also means the school’ S teachers administer almost no homework．Instead they emphasize after-school tutoring where the teachers Can keep a better eye on whether the student is actually grasping the material．40．In Mr．Leonard’S school，most ofthe st udents who don’t have to pay for lunch____．A．are adopted children B．are parentlessC．are homeless D．have a single parent41．What can be a good indication of the Bedford School’ s success?A．63 percent of its students go on to college.B．A high percentage of students enjoy free lunch.C．All the graduates from the school go on to college.D．The number of its graduates is twice that of New York High School42．What does Mr．Leonard expect from those low-testing students?A．The highest scores．B．The best behaviour.C．Respectfulness and discipline．D．Willingness to learn by themselves.43．The school insists that students should____．A．leave the school if they fail to respect a womanB．attend the preparatory classes in the summer before enrollingC．do their homework to review what they have learnedD．come to the school on SundaysPassage ThreePeople joke that no one in Los Angeles reads；everyone watches TV, rents videos，or goes to the movies．The most popular reading material is comic books，movie magazines，and TV guide s．City libraries have only 10 percent of the traffic that car washes have．But how do you explain this? An annual book festival in west Los Angeles is flourishing year after year．People wait half an hour for a parking space to become available．This outdoor festival，sponsored by a newspaper，occurs every April for one weekend. This year’ s attendance was estimated at 70，000 on Saturday and 75，000 on Sunday．The festival consisted of 280 exhibitors．There were about 90 talks given by authors，with an audience question-and-answer period foilowing each talk．Autograph(亲笔签名)seekers sought out more than 150 authors.A food court sold all kinds of popular food and diverse foreign foods，from American hamburgers to Hawaiian shave ice drinks．Except for a $7 parking fee，the festival was free．Even so，some people avoided the food court prices by staying away and having their own sandwiches and drinks.People came from all over California．One couple drove down from San Francisco．“This is our sixth year here now．We love it，”said the husband．“It’s just fantastic to be in the great outdoors，to be mnong so many books and authors，and to get some very good deals，too．”The idea for the festival occurred years ago，but nobody knew if it would succeed．Although book festivals were already popular in other US cities，would Los Angeles residents welcome one?“The citizens of the city are very unpredictable，”said one of the festival founders．44．The underlined sentence in the first paragraph implies that____．A．city libraries have a very limited number of readersB．only a small proportion of the readers go to libraries by carC．city libraries provide fewer places for Car washesD．city libraries have fewer parking places45．The outdoor book festival attracts____．A．autograph seekers and authors onlyB．people with different interestsC．people who love Los AngelesD．people who like cooking46．At the very beginning，people were____ about the idea for the book festival in Los Angeles.A．confident B．pessimisticC．uncertain D．indifferent47．The success of Los Angeles book festival shows that____．A．book reading is still popular in Los AngelesB．Los Angeles people prefer library to book festivalC．people attend the book festivals for fun not for readingD．libraries should have food courts to attract more readersPassage FourHave you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?Many people are afraid to assert themselves(坚持己见)．Dr．Robert Alberti，author of Stand Up, Speak Out，and Talk Back, thinks it’s because of their lack of confidence．“Our structure of organizat ion tends to make people distrust themselves．”says Alberti．“There’s always a‘superior’around-a parent，a teacher，a boss-who‘knows better’．These‘superiors’often gain when they keep breaking at yourself-image．”But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people assert themselves．Theyoffer“assertiveness training”courses-AT for short．In the AT course people learn that they have a right to be themselves．They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so．They learn to be aggressive without hurting people．In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear．A group taking an AT course will help the shy person to lose his fear．But AT uses an even stronger motive-the need to share．The shy person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels．Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image．If someone you face is more“important”than you，you may feel less of a person．You start to doubt your own good sense．You go by the other person’ s label．But，why should you?AT says you can get to feel good about yourself．And once you do，you can learn to speak out．48．People are reluctant to talk back because____．A．they have a poor self-imageB．they have not received AT coursesC．they have not grasped communication skillsD．they are not generous enough to share things49．According to Dr．Alberti，our organization is constructed to____．A．get people to trust their own solutions to problemsB．keep people as knowledgeable as their“superiors”C．train people’ s cap acity to speak up for their rightsD．make things more favorable for“superiors”50．One of the objectives of AT courses is to____．A．train people to trust othersB．encourage people to share their thoughtsC．tell people of their right to be“superiors”D．help people overcome their fear of asserting themselves51．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．Protect Yourself B．Try to Speak OutC．Share Your Opinion D．Face Your SuperiorPassage FiveA wind tunnel is used for testing planes or plane models．In a wind tunnel air is blown over a plane ora model placed in a test section．Wind tunnel test sections are different in size depending on airflow speed requirements．Some low-speed tunnels have test sections large enough for a complete small plane．In the very high speed tunnels used for space testing，however，the model may be as small as a pencil．There are two ways of feeding air to the test section．In the constant flow tunnel，airflow produced by electric fans is forced through the tunnel to the test section，then through another tunnel section back to the starting point for reuse．The other way involves storing high-pressure air in a box，sending it out by a controlling device to pass through the tunnel and test section into another box．This way is usually used for a very short period of high-speed airflow．Wind tunnels are usually used to test planes before they are flown．Problems in a plane carl be found when it meets the high-speed airflow in the tunnel．For example，if the wings are built so that they would weaken at high speeds，this fact can be discovered in the tunnel，thus saving many lives and millions of dollars．In a wind tunnel，scientists also find out how different planes will act at different speeds．They find out such things as how the air dives by the wing surfaces，how slowly a plane can fly before it starts to drop，and howfastit can climb．52．Some wind tunnel sections are larger than others because____．A．they are used for large planes B．they can produce a stronger windC．they are built to conduct a high-speed test D．the air in them flows at a lower speed53．The underlined words“this fact”in Paragraph 3 refer to the fact that____．A．it costs a lot to test a planeB．the wings are not good enoughC．some problems are found with a planeD．the wings meet the high-speed air flow in the tunnel54．As mentioned in the last paragraph，a wind tunnel can be used to find out____.A．how fast a plane can rise B．how smooth a plane’s sur face isC．how a plane lands in a strong wind D．how a plane drops at a low height55．What can we learn from the passage?A．It is very expensive to build a wind tunnel．B．Wind tunnels are very essential in testing planes．C．Scientists still have a lot to learn about wind tunnels．D．There are new ways to feed air to the test section．V．Daily Conversation(15 points)Directions：Pick out appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogues by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.A．I miss you，too B．It’ a niceC．Oh，come on D．for the worldE．Sounds as if F．in the worldG．To tell you the truth H．I can’ t waitJohn：Hi，Kim．I haven’t seen you for ages．How are you?Kim：I’m f ine．thanks．I moved house recently,so I’ve been very busy．John：56____ you need a rest! Listen，I’m having a Halloween party on Saturday night．Would you like to come?Kim：It's very good of you to ask me．but I’m too busy．I still have a lot to do in the house．John：57 !Everybody needs a break now and then．Kim：Yes，you are right．58____，I’m geeing a bit fed up with it! When does your party start?John：Around 8：00’clock in the evening．Kim：Sounds great! 59____．John：OK! I'll see you on Saturday，then．Kim：I wouldn’t miss it 60____!VI．Writing (25 points)Directions：For this part，you are supposed to write an essay in English in about 100-120 words based on the following situation．Remember to write it clearly．61．你(Li Yuan)是某大学志愿者小组旳组织者，请简要简介该小组旳状况，内容包括：(1)志愿者小构成立旳时间、小组规模、小组组员旳构成：(2)小组旳重要活动(如：关怀贫困学生和孤儿、协助需要照顾旳老人和家庭等)；(3)开展志愿者小组活动旳意义，欢迎更多人加入。
电大学位英语考试的复习资料完整版
Test 11-5 BACBB1. —How are you, Bob? ---你好吗，鲍勃？—____________ Ted. ---我很好，特德A. How are you? B. I’m fine. Thank you.C. How do you do? D. Nice to meet you.2. —Thanks for your help. ---谢谢你的帮忙。
—____________ ---我很荣幸。
A. My pleasure. B. Never mind.C. Quite right. D. Don’t thank me.3. —Hello, I’m Harry Potter. ---你好，我是哈里﹒波特。
—Hello, my name is Charles Green, but ____________.---你好，我是查理﹒格林，你可以叫我查理。
A. call my Charles B. call me at CharlesC. call me CharlesD. call Charles me4. —Paul, ____________? ---鲍，那边在说话的人是谁？—Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother. ---哦，那是我的爸爸，在他旁边的是我妈妈。
A. what is the person over thereB. who’s talking over thereC. what are they doingD. which is that5. —Hi, Tom, how’s everything with you?---你好，汤姆，近来都好吗？—____________, and how are you? ---还不错，你呢?A. Don’t mention itB. Hm, not too badC. ThanksD. Pretty fast6-10 CBDDD 11-15 DBDAC Passage 1The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte. (190 words)6. What’s this passage about? 这篇文章主要讲了什么？C. The French Revolution.法国大革命7. Which did not happen in 1789?以下哪件事不是发生在1789年？ B. The national economy was developing rapidly. 国家经济快速发展。
《5高考3模拟》高考英语复习(B,新课标专用)课件：专题三介词和介词短语(57张PPT)
专题三介词和介词短语五年高考三年模拟•考点一介词辨析1.（2013 课标 | ,34 ） It was a real race time to get the project done. Luckily,we made it.A. overB. byC. forD. against韋答案D句意：完成这项工程真的是在与时间赛跑。
幸运的是,我们成功了。
本题考查介词辨析。
'刊在……上面;by 被,由，经由；for支持，赞成;against反对，违背°2.（2013 课标 || , 11 ）A serious study of physics is impossiblesome knowledge of mat hematics.A. againstB. beforeC. beyondD. withoutg答案D句意：没有一定的数学知识，进行严肃的物理学研究是不可能的。
本题考查介词辨析。
against反对，映衬，靠着;before在... 之前；Beyond超出；without没有。
3.（2013 北京,26 ） I have an appointment ______ Dr. Smith , but Ineed to change it.A. toB. offC. withD. from代答案C句意:我和Smith博士有一个约会,但是我需要改一下。
have an appointment with sb.与某人右约会、预约。
4.（2013 山东,34 ）The Smiths are praisetl ________ the way theybring up their children.A. fromB. byC. atD. for代答案D句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们培养孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。
本题考查介词辨析。
根据语境可知此处表达夫妇二人受赞扬的原因，应该用介词心山5.（2012 全国 || , 16 ） 100°C is the temperature _____ which waterwi 11 boil.A. for B, at on D. of家答案B句意：100摄氏度是水会沸腾的温度。
考点08 名词性从句(核心考点精讲精练)(解析版)
考点08名词性从句（核心考点精讲精练）【近年真题考点分布】【思维导图】【知识梳理】➢考点一：宾语从句1．宾语从句的引导词She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句(2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句(3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。
综合英语智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下九江职业大学
综合英语智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下九江职业大学九江职业大学第一章测试1.In the welcome speech, the president of the university talked about（）.A:his expectations for the studentsB:opportunities college will offerC:responsibilities the students bearD:valuable guidance答案:his expectations for the students;opportunities college will offer;responsibilities the students bear;valuable guidance2.Among the figures of speech, which requires similar sentence structures? ( )A:metaphorB:simileC:contrastD:parallelism答案:parallelismmunity college students can earn（）.A:a doctor’s degreeB:tuitionC:an associate degreeD:SAT test scores答案:an associate degree4.Vera Wang’s educational background in art history attributed to her successin fashion designing.（）A:错 B:对答案:对5.After graduating from high school, students can choose to（）.A:work a few years for college tuitionB:go to collegeC:go to workforceD:go straight to graduate school答案:work a few years for college tuition;go to college;go to workforce6.All degree programs require students to complete a minimum number ofcredit hours before graduating.（）A:错 B:对答案:对7.Major purposes of speech delivering include（）.A:to advertiseB:to informC:to persuadeD:to entertain答案:to inform;to persuade;to entertain8. A topic sentence should not be too general or too specific.（）A:错 B:对答案:对9.Detail sentences can be unrelated to each other. （）A:错 B:对答案:错10. A university usually contains （）.A:collegesB:graduate schoolsC:professional schoolsD:high-level research centers答案:colleges;graduate schools;professional schools第二章测试1.The passage “A child’s clutter awaits an adult’s return.”talks about( )A:the daughter’s leavingB:the mess the daughter has left and the mother’s responsesC:the disagreements between the mother and the daughterD:changes of mother答案:the daughter’s leaving;the mess the daughter has left and the mother’s responses;the disagreements between the mother and the daughter;changes of mother2.The sentence “I am a plague of locusts emptying the closet.”use the writingtechnique of ( )A:metaphorB:comparisonC:ironyD:simile答案:metaphor3.The American family is a nuclear family while Chinese family is a extendedfamily.( )A:对 B:错答案:对4.Why dese the generation gap happen?( )A:Parents and children have different views and values.B:The children are rebellious because of changes of adolescence.C:Busy work makes parents have little time to communicate with thechildren.D:The two generations live in different periods.答案:Parents and children have different views and values.;The children are rebellious because of changes of adolescence.;Busy work makes parents have little time to communicate with the children.;The two generations live in different periods.5.The mother would like a a practical car with good gas efficiency and easy topark.( )A:对 B:错答案:错6.Which one is not implied the descrptions of feelings?( )A:The vehicle is too large,too expensive.B:When I am finished,it’s as neat and impersonal as a hotel bathroom.C:Her bathroom is an embarrassment of damp towels ,rusted shavingblades,hair in the sink.D:Just yesterday you watched some cartoons.答案:The vehicle is too large,too expensive.;When I am finished,it’s as neat and imp ersonal as a hotel bathroom.;Her bathroom is an embarrassment of damp towels ,rusted shaving blades,hair in the sink.;Just yesterday you watched some cartoons.7.straighten up means( )A:把...弄整洁B:摆脱了...C:控制D:赶上答案:把...弄整洁8.Seeing a large envelope marked with “DO NOT THROW AWAY”,the motherreverse herself.( )A:对 B:错答案:对9.Just as you sow, so shall you reap.means( )A:少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲B:种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆C:有志者事竟成D:欲速则不达答案:种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆10.The sentence “If I had got up earlier this morning, I would not be late forschool. “implies the fact is I was not late for school.( )A:对 B:错答案:错第二章测试1.有一个220V/1000W的电炉，现在要接到380V的电源上使用，可以串联的变阻器是（）A:100Ω/3AB:10Ω/3AC:50Ω/3AD:30Ω/3A答案:50Ω/3A2.叠加定理适用哪些分析（）A:非线性电路B:流过电阻的电流C:线性电路D:电阻两端的电压答案:流过电阻的电流;线性电路;电阻两端的电压3.理想电流源输出特性描述正确的是（）A:电流恒定不变B:电流减小C:电流随负载变化而变化D:电流增大答案:电流恒定不变4.诺顿定理是把有源二端网络等效为一个什么电路（）A:理想电压源B:实际电流源C:电流源和一个电阻并联模型D:理想电流源答案:实际电流源;电流源和一个电阻并联模型5.有一个非线性电阻，当工作点电压为6V，电流为3mA，其静态电阻为多少欧姆？（）A:500ΩB:1kΩC:5kΩD:2kΩ答案:2kΩ第四章测试1.What do we learn from the inspiring stories of heroes? （）.A:OptimismB:EnthusiasmC:Good characterD:Determination答案:Determination2.Whom was Greg's law named in honor of（）.A:tuitionB:A lawyerC:Police officerD:A doctor答案:Police officer3.Shared road is a bicycle association founded in 2008 by Eleanor McMahon inmemory of her husband. （）A:错 B:对答案:对4.Before becoming president, What kind of man was Mandela?leader of the ANC armed faction. （）.A:The leader of the ANC armed factionB:An anti apartheid activistC:A terroristD:A president答案:The leader of the ANC armed faction;An anti apartheid activist5.Sergeant Ryan Russell tried to stop a drunk driver with a stolen snowmobileand was hurt. （）A:对 B:错答案:错6.What kind of writing skills do we learn from this unit? （）A:question-example-conclusion pattern to persuadeB:Cause and effectC:MetaphorD:Parallelism答案:question-example-conclusion pattern to persuade7.The examples you give should be able to support your opinion and illustrateyou viewpoint. （）A:对 B:错答案:对8.Detail sentences can be unrelated to the topic. （）A:对 B:错答案:错9.What did Nelson Mandela do for his country? （）.A:Ushered in a peaceful transition to majority ruleB:End the racial segregationC:Built schoolsD:Set up colleges答案:Ushered in a peaceful transition to majority rule;End the racial segregation第五章测试1.Why is the Sydney-to-Melbourne race regarded as one of the toughestmarathon event in the world? （）.A:It is a harsh test of endurance for the world’s top athletes.B:The Sydney-to-Melbourne is 875kilometers long.C:The Sydney-to-Melbourne offers many obvious benefits.D:The Sydney-to-Melbourne helps cultivate cooperation and teamwork.答案:It is a harsh t est of endurance for the world’s top athletes.;The Sydney-to-Melbourne is 875kilometers long.2.What did Cliff Young look like in the 1983 race? （）.A:wearing rubber bootsB:61-year-old farmerC:toothlessD:odd-looking man答案:wearing rubber boots;61-year-old farmer;toothless;odd-looking man3.Why did some people laugh at Cliff Young when he was running? （）.A:Because Cliff raised sheep.B:Because young athletes left Cliff far behind.C:Because Cliff had no intention of stopping.D:Because Cliff d idn’t run properly.答案:Because Cliff didn’t run properly.4.Cliff Young is an amateur runner, wearing rubber boots, and his purpose wasto prove he can run this marathon race.（）A:错 B:对答案:对5.According to Cliff Young himself, what made him run throughout the race?（）.A:Cliff imagined he was trying to outrun a storm.B:Cliff imagined he was gathering his sheep.C:Cliff wears expensive racing gear.D:Cliff thinks he is a professional top athlete.答案:Cliff imagined he was trying to outrun a storm.;Cliff imagined he was gathering his sheep.6.This text is a narration that describes how Cliff Young, an ordinary farmer，won the annual Australian marathon from Sydney to Melbourne in 1983.（）A:对 B:错答案:对7.When did some people become uneasy and concerned about Cliff Young?（）.A:When it seemed that Cliff intended to keep running until he reached thefinish line or fell ill or was injured.B:When he was still far behind the world-class athletes.C:When Cliff Yong became a beloved national hero.D:When people found that Cliff Young ran through the entire night withoutsleeping答案:When it seemed that Cliff intended to keep running until hereached the finish line or fell ill or was injured.;When people found that Cliff Young ran through the entire nightwithout sleeping8.When the press doubted his ability to run the race, Cliff displayed fullconfidence and strong will, he can do it. （）A:错 B:对答案:对9.Cliff Young knew there was a 10,000 dollar prize. （）A:对 B:错答案:错10.What have you learned from Cliff Young and his story？（）.A:We should believe in ourselves!B:We should pursue our dreams regardless of what other people have to say.C:Ordinary people also have the inherent quality to achieve great results.D:Cliff Young set a good example for us.答案:We should believe in ourselves!;We should pursue our dreams regardless of what other people have to say.;Ordinary people also have the inherent quality to achieve great results.;Cliff Young set a good example for us.第六章测试1.Tom is clever, humorous, and honest.（）A:after allB:at allC:first and foremost D:on the contrary答案:first and foremost2.Darwin’s theory of evolution remains partly because it challenges thereligious belief that God created man.（）A:conventionalB:FormativeC:flexibleD:controversial答案:controversial3. A country’s future prosperity depends on the quality of education of itspeople. What’s the meaning of underlined word? （）A:profitB:luckC:growthD:fortune答案:growth4.All this was _______ ill health. （）A:becauseB:accustom toC:lead toD:owing to答案:owing to5.They remind me not to let part-time jobs interfere my school work. （）A:onB:ofC:toD:with答案:with6.Drinking too much can increase the risk of developing high blood pressure,which can cause heart attack. （）A:turn intoB:in turnC:by turnsD:on turn答案:in turn7.What are the advantages of doing part-time job? （）。
2023年湖北省孝感市中考英语真题(解析版)
a good way.”可知，这里给的是学英语的建议，所以空处指“建议”，故选 B。
2. —Daniel, try this strawberry cake.
—It ________ delicious. I’d like to have some more.
A. smells
B. feels
C. tastes
25. How many students will be in a group?
A. Four. B. Five. C. Six.
二、选择填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）的 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Can you give me some ________ on learning English well?
11. How often do they go there?
A. Once a month. B. Twice a month.
C. Three times a month.
听第 9 段对话，回答第 12、13、14 小题。
12. What does the boy often do after school?
23. When will they meet the local school students?
A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Thursday.
24. What will make them relaxed?
A. Sitting on the grass. B. Picking vegetables. C. Making kites.
【答案】A
【解析】
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Question Answering : CNLP at the TREC-9 Question Answering Track Anne Diekema, Xiaoyong Liu, Jiangping Chen, Hudong Wang, Nancy McCracken, Ozgur Yilmazel, and Elizabeth D. Liddy
Center for Natural Language Processing Syracuse University, School of Information Studies 4-206 Center for Science and Technology Syracuse, NY 1324-4100 {diekemar,xliu03,jchen06,hwang07,njm,oyilmaz,liddy}@syr.edu
Abstract This paper describes a question answering system that automatically finds answers to questions in a large collection of documents. The prototype CNLP question answering system was developed for participation in the TREC-9 question answering track. The system uses a two-stage retrieval approach to answer finding based on keyword and named entity matching. Results indicate that the system ranks correct answers high (mostly rank 1), provided that an answer to the question was found. Performance figures and further analyses are included.
1. Introduction Question answering is not typically found in traditional information retrieval systems. In information retrieval, the system presents the user with a list of relevant documents in response to the query. The user then reviews these documents in search of the information that prompted the original search. It is not surprising therefore that, especially for short questions, people tend to ask their peers or forego the answer rather than expending time and effort with an information retrieval system. [3] Ideally, question answering helps users in their information finding task by providing exact answers rather than a ranked list of documents that may contain the answer.
The TREC question-answering track fosters question-answering research. Question-answering systems are not as well developed as information retrieval systems, especially for domain independent questions. As first-time participants, the Center for Natural Language Processing (CNLP) developed a question- answering system to deal with domain independent questions.
The CNLP question answering system uses a two-stage retrieval approach to answer-finding based on keyword, entity, and template matching (see figure 1). In answering a question, the system first creates a logical query representation of the question that is used for the initial information retrieval step. Additional modules take the retrieved documents for further processing and answer finding. Answer finding uses two different approaches after which answer triangulation takes place to select the most likely answer. The first approach to answer finding is based on keyword and entity matching and the second on template matching. Currently only the keyword and entity matching answer-finding approach has been implemented. A detailed system overview can be found in section 3.
2. Problem description Participants in the question-answering track were provided with 693 questions that originated from search engine logs. The initial question set of 693 questions was reduced to 682 questions after 11 questions were discarded by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST). The remaining questions were mostly fact-based and required short answers only (see figure 2). The base set of questions consisted of 500 questions. For 54 questions, slight variations were created resulting in an additional 193 questions. Answers to all 693 questions had to be retrieved automatically from approximately 3 gigabytes of data. Sources of the data were: AP newswire 1988-1990 (728 Mb), Wall Street Journal 1987-1992 (509 Mb), San Jose Mercury News 1991 (287 Mb), Financial Times 1991-1994 (564 Mb), Los Angeles Times 1989, 1990 (475 Mb), Foreign Broadcast Information Service 1996 (470 Mb).
Figure 1. CNLP question answering system (shaded areas not part of TREC-9 system). For each question, up to five ranked answer submissions were permitted, with the system producing the most likely answer ranked first. The maximum length of the answer string for a retrieval run was either 50 bytes or 250 bytes. An response to a question consisted of the question number, the document ID of the document containing the answer, rank, run name, and the answer string itself. The submitted answer strings were evaluated by NIST’s human assessors for correctness. [6]
TREC-9 question answering questions Base question 419: Who was Jane Goodall? Question variants 746: What is Jane Goodall famous for? 747: What is Jane Goodall known for? 748: Why is Jane Goodall famous? 749: What made Jane Goodall famous? Answer string (50 bytes) 748 AP880225-0129 1 80.90 SUT9p2c3c050 for her 28 years of chimpanzee research