target样办测试标准
reach测试标准
reach测试标准Reach测试标准。
在当今的社会中，科技的发展日新月异，各种新技术层出不穷，而这些新技术的应用往往需要经过一系列的测试和评估。
其中，reach测试就是其中之一，它是一种用于评估化学品和制品对人类健康和环境的潜在影响的测试方法。
本文将对reach测试标准进行详细介绍，以便更好地了解和应用这一测试方法。
首先，reach测试标准包括了一系列的测试要求和流程。
在进行reach测试之前，需要对测试对象进行充分的了解，包括其化学成分、用途、生产工艺等信息。
然后，根据测试对象的特性，确定测试的具体方法和标准。
测试过程中需要进行一系列的实验，包括对化学品的理化性质、毒性、生态毒性等方面的测试。
最后，根据实验结果进行评估，确定测试对象对人类健康和环境的潜在影响。
其次，reach测试标准的制定对于保障人类健康和环境安全具有重要意义。
通过对化学品和制品进行reach测试，可以及早发现潜在的危害，从而采取相应的措施进行防范和管理。
同时，reach测试的标准化也为相关行业提供了统一的测试方法和标准，有利于推动行业的规范化和标准化发展。
此外，reach测试标准的制定还有助于促进国际间的贸易合作和交流，提高我国在国际上的话语权和竞争力。
再次，reach测试标准的应用也需要遵循一定的原则和注意事项。
首先，测试过程中需要严格按照标准操作，确保实验结果的准确性和可靠性。
其次，在进行reach测试时，需要充分考虑到测试对象的特性和实际应用情况，避免仅仅依赖于实验数据而忽视了实际情况。
同时，也需要充分尊重相关法律法规和伦理道德，确保测试过程的合法合规。
最后，对于reach测试标准的未来发展，我们也需要不断完善和更新。
随着科技的不断进步和社会的不断发展，新的化学品和制品层出不穷，对于其潜在影响的评估也面临着新的挑战。
因此，我们需要不断完善reach测试标准，引入新的测试方法和技术手段，以适应新的测试需求。
同时，也需要加强国际间的合作和交流，借鉴和吸收国际上的先进经验，共同推动reach测试标准的发展和完善。
怎样和TARGET做生意——全球家纺买家系列之(四)
怎样和TARGET做生意全球家纺买家系列之（四）易家纺的全球纺织买家介绍前面已经陆续介绍了Walmart,BBB和Costco，小编收到很多读者来信, 在这里再次向大家表示蒙受厚爱的感谢。
又好几个朋友都在问我:怎么到现在还没有介绍’TARGET”?作为仅次于Walmart的美国第二大超市，和进入中国比较早的一家零售商,Target仿佛就象一个老资格的队员,后来进入中国的零售商团队都是他的年轻学弟学妹。
Target 在中国采购的甜酸苦辣曾经成为后来几大零售商入中国直接采购前的研究案例。
甚至有很多首设办事处的工作人员都是从TARGET 的团队中挖掘过去的。
这显然是一家在中国非常有根基的零售商。
而他稳定的巨大采购量一向对中国供应商有强大的吸引力。
好了:我们今天就会来介绍一下”TARGET”,似乎这是一个你非常了解的名字,然而你真的很了解他吗？现在就让我们一起来探讨：美国TARGET（塔吉特）:TARGET一向被称为WALMART在腹地的劲敌。
总部在美国明尼苏达州的明尼阿波利斯，是美国仅次于沃尔玛的第二大零售百货集团。
在2010年财富500强企业排33，亦是标准普尔500指数成份股。
一:背景介绍1、塔吉特介绍:在1902年建立，当时的名字是戴顿干货公司（Dayton Dry Goods Company）。
在2000年8月正式更名为Target Corporation。
美国47州设有1400多家商店，为客户提供当今时尚前沿的零售服务，不管是在Target商店还是在线Target。
com，物美价廉。
客户都能从数千件风格独特的商品中作出选择，享受到乐趣横生、简单方便的购物体验2011年6月13日，塔吉特宣布投资加拿大市场，并准备通过租用赛乐（Zellers，加拿大连锁商场）的场地在2013年开设100到150间零售商场。
2、超级塔吉特介绍：巨大面积的超级市场。
1995年第一家超级塔吉特开张时，店面平均面积为17。
Target_Factory_Evaluation_SChinese--中英文对照
工厂评估工厂评估概述工厂评估就是评价工厂的能力能否满足 Target 的要求和预期。
Target 每年都会评估所有 Target Sourcing Services（TSS）和 Quality Assurance Initiative（QAI）工厂是否达到 Target 标准要求。
TCPS 在必要时可进行较频繁的评估。
这些评估由在全球各地的Target Compliance and Production Services（ TCPS）负责执行。
备注：∙工厂评估是按每个工厂地址进行，而非供应商/工厂关系。
∙根据 TCPS 的决定，工厂评估可由 Target Approved External Business Partner （Target 授权外部商业合作伙伴）执行。
目录1. 工厂评估目的2. 工厂评估准备3. 工厂评估内容4. 工厂评估流程5. 推荐的工厂测试设备、能力和流程目标∙理解 Target 的工厂评估流程以及为何重要的原因∙了解何时进行工厂自身评估∙了解 Factory Evaluation Corrective Action Plan（工厂评估纠正行动计划，即 CAP）的预期目标∙了解测试产品所用的设备和工艺资源POL：产品开发 > 要求和程序 > 品质保证（服装或杂货）> 工厂评估/商业合作伙伴管理（BPM）1. 工厂评估的目的∙验证品质与制造工艺是否与 Target 的标准和需求相符，若有必要，提供改进日程表并由 TCPS 负责跟进。
∙记录工厂的产能和实力，以便在下达订单时作为参考。
这包括：o品质能力–在案品质计划及其在工厂的实施情况o产品能力–产品类型及所用原料o生产能力–生产产品所用的设备类型o处理能力–工厂（包括设备和工人）当前在多大程度上达到满负荷运行，以及增加产能的可用提升空间。
∙工厂评估结果与纠正行动计划将与工厂列表中的所有供应商共享，同时会复制给 BPM 中的工厂合作伙伴。
CM-2600D -2500D中文操作说明书 (2)
分光测色计中文操作手册制定：TOMMY 日期：2004/05/18第三次修订本使用注意事项:操作环境:应在外界温度从5℃到40℃的环境中使用, 不能在温度变化迅速的环境中使用.不可以把仪器直接置於太阳底下或放在火炉附近.不可以在吸烟、有灰尘及有化学气体的环境下使用仪器.不能在有强磁性的环境下使用仪器.不能在海拔2000m以上地方使用仪器.CM-2600d/2500d是一室内用测试仪器, 不应在室外使用.白色校正板:由於白板数据是在温度23℃时测量得到的, 所以爲了得到更高精度的测量资料, 白板校正和测量应在温度23℃左右进行.保护好白板不能被刮伤或污染.白板不用时请盖好.孔径:不要用手去碰孔径的内表面, 不要刮伤或弄脏它.不用时把它放在白板校正盒中的孔径存放处.电源:在仪器不用时一定记得要关闭仪器电源开关.要经常用变压器(AC-A17)来供电.系统:不能让仪器受到巨烈的撞击或振动.爲了使仪器的积分球及测量孔免受污染, 在仪器不用时记得把仪器放置在白板校正盒上.不能在电视机、收录机等电器设备旁使用, 否则仪器会受到干扰.备用电池:仪器中测量之资料及各个设定的存储都依赖於仪器内的备用电池, 备用电池充足电後可一次性保存记忆体中内容个月, 充电时需5个小时才能充足.储存注意事项:CM-2600d/2500d 必须存放在温度从0℃到45℃, 湿度小於80%的环境中.不能把CM-2600d/2500d 放在汽车或汽车的尾箱中, 也不能直接放在太阳底下.不能把CM2600d/2500d 放在吸烟、有灰尘和有化学气体的环境中.不要让灰尘进入到积分球中, 否则会影响仪器测量的精确度.在不用仪器时记得把白板盖好以免白板变色.在不用仪器时记得把孔径放在一个不直接见光的地方.在运输时记得把仪器放入到盒子中.如果在两周或更长时间不用仪器时, 记得把电池取出.清洁注意事项:不能用化学试剂如酒精或苯来擦仪器, 只能用干净、柔软的干布来擦.如果白板被污染, 同样用干净、柔软之干布拭擦; 如果无法清洁污点, 请联系美能达公司或专业人员.当孔径内表面或积分球被弄脏後, 请联系本公司.当CM-2600d/2500d 被摔坏时, 请不要自已拆卸, 勿必请联系本公司或请专业技术人员维修.第一部分 使用前的准备标准配件: 白色校正板CM-A145标准孔径CM-A146(ψ8mm) CM-A147(ψ3mm)备注：CMA146用於CN-2600d/2500dCM-A147只用於CM-2600d变压器 AC-A17输入电压：100到240 V ac(50/60Hz)输出电压：5 V dcRS-232C 通讯线 IF-A16※ 线长2米AA 型号电池(×4) 可选配件:（无特别要求，需要单独购买）零点校正盒CM-A32手提箱CM-A148CM-A149色彩品质控制软体“Spectra Magic”(CM-S9W)版本或更高印表机通讯线CR-A75功能介绍:1.观物镜※通过观物镜可以看清所测物.品的位置是否放置正确.2.观物镜开关※用来打开/关闭观物镜.备注: 当观物镜被打开时, 测量就无法进行.3.功能键※向左或向右旋转此功能键可选择所需的功能, 当选定好了後按下此键即可确定.4.LCD显示屏5.样品测量孔※CM-2600d可通过更换孔径来改变测量孔径的大小.6.测量孔径选择开关※CM-2500d型号分光仪无此开关.7.测量键. 8. 资料输出埠.9.电池盖. 10. 变压器插孔.11.电源开关.白色校正板CM-A1451.盖子＊用来保护白板2.白色校正板＊在白板不用时记得用盖子盖住3.孔径存放处＊用於存放不用的孔径准备工作孔径的安装及取下一. 安装孔径1.把测量孔径放在测量孔上, 让孔径上突出的插销对准积分球上的标志2.按积分球上指示方向旋动孔径, 直到旋不动爲止二. 取下孔径1. 按积分球上指示方向相反的方向旋动孔径, 直到旋不动爲止2. 取下孔径即可孔径的存放备注: 2600D在仪器的白色校正板CM-A145上有一个用於存放不用之孔径的装置, 三. 存放孔径把孔径放在孔径存放的装置上,然後顺时针旋转孔径直到旋不动爲止四. 取下孔径先逆时针旋转孔径直到旋不动爲止, 再取下孔径清洁一.白色校正板※当白色校正板弄脏後请用柔软的干布或透镜清洁液来清洁二.孔径※用喷气球把孔径上灰尘吹干净三.积分球1.把观物镜开关打开2.取下孔径3.用喷气球把积分内的灰尘吹干净＊当积分球中的脏点用喷球无法吹干净时请联联系美能达。
测试质量衡量标准（Testqualitymeasurementstandard）
测试质量衡量标准（Test quality measurement standard）Quality scale (scale)Product quality can be clearly quantifiedTest coverage - code block coverage, function coverage, use case coverage... So much coverage, per coverage, what is the reasonable target? 50%, 80%, 100%According to the number of defects found, how much is found by the user, how much is found by the internal non test team, and how much is found by the test team, which is one of the measures of qualityRecurrent number of recurrent defectsPatches and Service package quantities are used to measure qualityWe have so many standards that can be used to measure quality. So what should be the core standards, the most important universal standards? How do you relate the standards to the quality?Setting out quality indicators and what is the correct indicator can guide us to decide whether to release or delay the release of the product until we reach the targetHow do you define testing efficiency, including how to measure the impact of s changes on testing?How do you define testing completion?Complex field product testing:Audio and video quality testing"Does it look effective?""Does that sound effective?"Is the effect good?Testing and judgment of various subjective typesThe impact of testing tools on the system itself (uncertainty principle):The uncertainty effect of the performance test tool itself on the machine performanceHow do you determine the end of a test point for a software?Before the software dies, if there is no end point of the test, then the software test will never end, and it will never end. The end point of software testing, according to the specific circumstances of their own company to develop, can not be generalized! Personally, the testing end point is determined by the following conditions:1. based on the "test phase" principle:Each software test usually goes through unit testing, integration testing and system testing. We can set up detailed test end points for unit test, integration test and system test respectively. Each test phase meets the end criteria and then tests at the latter stage. For example: unit testing, we require testing end points must satisfy the "100% core code by Code Review", "functional coverage rate reached 100%, the coverage rate of not less than 80% lines of code, there is no A and B defect, all defects found at least 60% are included in the defect tracking system and all levels of defect repair rate reached the standard of" standard. The end points of integration testing and system testing are formulated as related end standards, and so are of course.2., based on the principles of test cases:The test designer designed the test cases and asked the members of the project team to participate in the review. Once the test case was approved, the latter test could serve as a reference for the end of the test. For example, if the test case pass rate is too low during the test, you can refuse to continue testing until the developer fixes it. The pass rate of function test cases is 100%, and the non functional test cases reach more than 95%, which allows the normal end of the test. However, it is critical to grasp the quality of the test cases when using this principle as the end point of the test.3., based on the principle of "defect convergence trend":The life cycle of software testing with the test time, defect map line test found first, gradually increasing, and then testto a certain stage, and defects of a downward trend, until the discovery of almost zero defect or difficult to detect defects so far. We can determine whether the test can end through the tendency of the trend line of the defect, which is also a criterion.4. based on the principle of defect recovery rate:Software defects are divided into several levels in the test life cycle. They are: serious errors, major errors, minor errors, general errors, minor errors, and 6 suggestions for testing. Then we test in determining the end point, serious mistakes and main defect repair error rate must reach 100%, does not allow the existence of functional errors; minor errors and wrong defect repair rate must reach more than 85%, allowing the presence of a small amount of functional defects, solve the defect repair for later versions; low error best rate reached 60%~70% above. For the proposed test questions, you can not modify it for the time being.5. based on the principle of acceptance test:Many companies are doing project software, if this is to determine the end of the test point, it is best to test a certain stage, to reach or close to the test department designated standards, then submit the user acceptance test. If the user acceptance testing, you can immediately terminate the test department of the test; if the customer acceptance tests, and found some defects, it is possible to modify the defects of, after verification by the client, the corresponding test can be ended.6., based on the principle of coverage:For the test "coverage" principle, personal feel as long as the test case coverage "covers all the customer software requirements, including industry hidden demand, functional requirements and performance requirements and so on, as long as the execution of a test case coverage rate reached 100%, basically can end test. For example, the minimum coverage of a sentence in a unit test should not be less than 80%, the test case execution coverage rate should be 100%, and the test coverage requirement should be 100%, which can be used as the end of the determination point. If you're not sure, you have to look at the execution of the test case and check if the use case is missing. You can do sample testing and random testing of commonly used functions". For coverage, unit testing, integration testing, and system testing can not be ignored at each stage.7. based on the "project plan" principle:In most cases, each project will be prepared to develop and test from the beginning of the Schedule, in the corresponding test plan will also be a corresponding milepost, restrictions on the test schedule and test end point, will generally and project team members (development, management, testing, marketing, sales) to reach a consensus after the team agreed to develop a standard end point. If one aspect of the project is delayed, the test time is shortened accordingly. In most cases, all the required test content and regression tests have been completed and can serve as an end point. Many non-standard softwarecompanies are planning the project as a test end point, but if it is used as an end point, the test risk is greater, the quality of software is difficult to guarantee.8., based on the principle of defect measurement:This principle may not be used by many people, but relatively little. We can use the commonly used defect analysis techniques and defect analysis tools to count the defects that have been found. We can use the chart to count the data. It is convenient to consult and measure the defects in different periods. I remember that zhuzx put forward the problem of defect analysis technology in this forum, and I will not repeat it. We can also refer to the "test period, defect density" and "run time defect density" as an end point. Of course, the best criterion for testing ends should be that the number of defects is within an acceptable range". For example, ten thousand lines of code at most allow the existence of any number of serious errors, which are better quantified, better implemented, and become the mainstream of test defect measurement.9. based on the "quality cost" principle:A software often stops with balance between three aspects of quality / cost / schedule. As for these three areas, which one occupies the main position, it depends on what software it is. For example: human life is the aerospace software, then the quality is more important, even spend more money, also want to postpone the progress of testing can ensure high quality before the termination of the test, release. If it is common software, because of the interests and market reasons, even if there arebug, but also have to launch products, there is no way ah. In general, the primary reference is to "balance the costs of finding defects and the losses that this defect may cause."". Specific operations, you can according to the actual situation of the company to define what kind of circumstances is "the cost of testing the most cost-effective, most reasonable", while ensuring that the interests of the company to maximize. If the cost of finding a bug is higher and the user finds that the cost of bug is still high, the test can also be terminated.10. principles based on "testing industry experience":In many cases, some experience in the testing industry can also serve as a reference for our testing. For example, the testers' familiarity with the business, the ability of the tester, the efficiency of the test, and so on, will affect the implementation of the overall test plan. If a test team, everyone has no experience in industry project data accumulation, get a new project, nature is confused, don't know where to start, the test is not high quality natural. Therefore, through the tester's experience, the verification test execution and the end point will also play a key role.Various combinations of test elements (large testing range):Test element combinations, covering various possible combinations, will become large: operating systems, vs. debugging / publishing, vs. hardware configurations, vs. languages, vs., etc., vs., etc.Unlimited numbers of users may enterTests for products that have time correlation. The possible exhaustion of various times is infiniteProblems throughout the product range testStress test for the whole productThis product performance tests vs. each development team's performance tests on its own modulesIntegration testingTest set optimization:Determined by time and schedule impact?Determined by the user influence?Determined by the number of defects found in the average test case (or by considering other ROI)Select test cases that cover the changed code, and so decide?Determined by the complexity of the code to be testedProject plan arrangement:Accurately estimate the time required for testingHow does the test team participate in determining the overallschedule of the project?Planning for agile, rapid, and iterative testingTest impact on the project:For repairing defects such as i.e. development group the defect and they answered "no one will do so!", this time how well insist on repairing defects.Test team participation in design phase - testability analysis / designShould I have an impact on the decision to publish / not publish?Test automation:The late maintenance nightmare of automated test casesHow do you simulate human eyes and ears to do automated testing (audio / video testing)?There is not enough interface in the product code to support automated testing (such as controls drawn by developers themselves)Automated testing of simulated N user actions (N is very large)Simulate real users - [random user behavior]Integration test:Automated testing in integrated testingDebugging responsibilities, who do integration testing, who is responsible for debugging the entire product issue?What are the test cases that integration tests should include?Other general problems:After several releases, the accumulated test code became bloated and difficult to maintainPoorly designed test code, repeated test code, lack of overall design and architecture among the various test automation teams, and avoid redundant workRedundant test casesRetaining experienced test talentMeasurement of software testing process1) the role of test metrics (-)A: provides the basis for developing test plansHow long will it take? What material conditions do you need? How many people and what qualities do you need? How much can be accomplished within a given time?Which modules and functions need to be focused on? Test effort accounted for the proportion of the project What goals can we achieve after the test? Wait(these data are some of the necessary reference values for the development of test plans during project initiation, especially in the planning of resources. Different projects may have its particularity, but in general, they still have some rules can be found, the past empirical data can be used as an estimate, if the project experience, it can be found from the historical data and new projects of a similar situation, to be more accurate to complete the program. )B: improve test process controllabilityImprove test efficiency and qualityImprove testers' sense of achievement2) which process is testing to measure?(product early market evaluation, test strategy analysis, testability requirement analysis, test tool analysis, use case design phase, execution phase and FOA stage)We need to do metrics at several critical stages of the test, which are: use case design phase, execution phase, and FOA phase. Test case design stage includes test scheme is determined, test tool design, test case design, test execution stage obviously, the process of our testing, such as integration testing, system testing, performance testing, regression testing, measurementof work also includes developers complete unit test. The FOA phase is the first step in testing quality. Through the FOA, we can obtain many metrics that contribute to the quality of the product. This is also a measure of the value of the test. Almost all of the testing process seems to have been included. In fact, this includes only the specific stages of testing.3) the content of the test metricsTwo measurement types:A: project metrics: scale, test effort, test progress, test productivityB: quality measurement: defect rate (stage), defect removal rate, reliability, etc.Four basic metrics: size, workload, schedule, and defects4) metrics in the design phase of the test caseA: size: test plan quantity, test case number, test tool design quantity, test case / person monthB: workload: the draft of the document, writing the workload, review the reading workload, review the workload, modify the workloadC: schedule: the beginning, end time, actual start end time, planned working hours, actual working hours and planned completion rate of each specific workD: defects: errors, quantities, defects, quantities, and grades occurring during the review process5) test execution phase metrics:Test case execution rate and test case passing rateTest case, problem discovery rate, BUG numberBUG level statistics? BUG distribution statistics (modules)BUG distribution statistics (stages) BUG densityThe BUG closure rate, per capita BUG, was found to be efficientTest case execution workload, project regression test execution effortNumber of published documents, published documents, defects, quantities, and gradesField number of BUG was found and regression tests were performed on field BUG workloadThe validation cycle during the release process; the validation effort during the releaseTest case coverage, function user concernsDemand change level6) test metrics contribute to project implementationMeasure, meaning, purpose and meaningTest productivity, unit time, amount of code to be tested, or number of test cases per unit time, a team's testing capabilityThe percentage of actual work spent relative to the estimated amount of work relative to the estimated amount of work, improved estimation skills, and avoidance of overload assignmentMonitor the progress rate of the project, the deviation of the project's actual test progress relative to the planned progress, and monitor the project so that corrective actions can be taken in due courseThe amount of work done by the workload test; the amount of work that the test contributes to the whole projectThe defect density, the number of defects found in thousands of lines, and the number of defects found by thousands of functions, are used to measure the reliability of the system under testThe test of the severity of the problem revealed that the severity of the problem was distributed to determine the reliability of the currently tested systemThe problem of test cases, the discovery of efficiency, and thenumber of problems found in a single test case are used to measure the validity of the test caseTest case coverage, demand coverage, function point coverage, code coverage, etc., measure the adequacy of the testThe issue of missing rate, the amount of market feedback after issue, the total number of product / product problems, and the quality of internal testingCOQ the amount of work needed to improve the quality of the testCOPQ pays for bad quality7) who will do the measurement?8) how do you measure?PDCA method:The first step: Plan (plan, set the benchmark (plan), making our desired goals)The second step: do (Implementation) (Daily - - recording data) (weekly - - summary data, giving the results of the measurement)The third step: check (check and post what (GAP) - weekly meetings for the measurement results, make the next work suggestion)The fourth step: action (improvement process) (stage summary- subsystem, integration, system testing and other test phase after the end of the measurement, evaluation, for follow-up work)Make directionThe fifth step: return, to, plan\AutoRunner software testing toolsTestCenter powerful test management toolQACenter-- software black box testing tool。
产品性能测试标准
产品性能测试标准1. 引言本文档旨在规范产品性能测试，并提供相应的测试标准。
通过对产品性能的全面测试，可以评估产品在各种负载条件下的表现，进而帮助优化产品的性能。
2. 范围本标准适用于所有产品的性能测试，包括但不限于软件产品、硬件产品、网络产品等。
3. 测试目的- 评估产品在不同负载条件下的性能表现，包括响应速度、吞吐量、并发能力等。
- 验证产品是否满足性能需求，以便优化和改进产品的性能。
- 提供产品性能指标，用于与竞争对手进行比较和评估。
4. 测试环境- 硬件环境：（描述测试所需的硬件设备）- 软件环境：（描述测试所需的软件环境）- 网络环境：（描述测试所需的网络环境）5. 测试内容和方法5.1 性能指标根据产品的性能需求和用户需求，确定测试所关注的性能指标，如响应时间、吞吐量、并发能力等。
5.2 测试场景根据产品的使用场景和负载情况，设计多个测试场景，包括正常工作情况、峰值负载情况等。
5.3 测试方法- 压力测试：模拟多个用户同时访问产品，评估产品在高负载情况下的性能表现。
- 并发测试：模拟多个并发请求，在相同时间内对产品进行操作，评估产品处理并发请求的能力。
- 负载测试：通过不同负载情况下的测试，评估产品在各种负载条件下的性能表现。
6. 测试流程- 确定测试目标和需求- 设计测试场景和测试数据- 配置测试环境- 进行性能测试- 收集、分析和评估测试结果- 性能优化和改进- 撰写测试报告7. 测试标准和评估方法根据测试结果，对产品的性能进行评估和标准设定。
评估方法可以包括：- 对比分析：将产品的性能指标与行业标准或竞争对手进行对比分析。
- 排名评估：根据产品在性能测试中的表现确定产品在同类产品中的排名。
- 用户反馈评估：通过用户反馈和调查问卷，评估产品的性能是否满足用户的期望和需求。
8. 测试报告测试报告应包括以下内容：- 测试目标和需求- 测试环境配置- 测试场景和测试数据- 测试结果和分析- 性能评估和标准设定- 性能优化和改进建议9. 风险和注意事项在进行性能测试时，需要注意以下风险和注意事项：- 保护测试环境的安全性和稳定性。
IEC 61400-23：风电叶片测试标准中文讲解
目录前言 (3)引言 (4)1．主题与范围 (5)2．引用标准 (5)3．定义 (5)4．符号 (8)4.1符号 (8)4.2 希腊符号 (8)4.3 下标符号 (8)4.4缩写词 (9)5 通用原则 (9)5.1试验目的 (9)5.2临界状态 (9)5.3实际约束 (10)5.4试验结果 (10)6叶片数据 (11)6.1概要 (11)6.2外部尺寸与接触面 (11)6.3 叶片特性 (11)6.4 材料数据 (12)6.5 设计负荷及条件 (12)6．6试验区域 (13)6.7 特殊的叶片修改 (13)6.8根部固定 (13)6.9机械装置 (13)7．设计和试验负荷条件的不同 (13)7.1 总述 (13)8．试验负荷 (15)8．1总述 (15)8.2 以负荷为基础的试验 (15)8.3以强度为基础的试验 (16)8.4负荷静态试验各方面 (17)8.5负荷疲劳试验各方面 (17)8.6静态和疲劳试验顺序 (18)8.7机械装置 (18)9试验负荷因素 (18)9.1概要 (18)9.2设计中使用的准安全因子 (18)9.3试验负荷因素 (19)9.4负荷系数的应用以获得目标负荷 (20)10 试验负荷分布之于设计负荷的评估 (20)10.1概要 (20)10.2 引入负荷的影响 (20)10.3静态试验 (20)10.4疲劳试验 (22)11故障状态 (24)11.1概要 (24)11.2灾难性故障 (24)11.3功能故障 (24)11.4表面故障 (24)12试验过程和方法 (25)12.1概要 (25)12.2试验台和根部固定装置要求 (25)12.3引入负荷的固定装置第38页图6 (25)12.4静态强度试验 (25)12.5疲劳试验 (26)12.6选择各种试验方法的优缺点 (28)12.7决定性修正 (28)12.8数据收集 (29)13决定叶片性质的其他试验 (30)13.1概要 (30)13.2试验台偏移 (30)13.3偏移 (30)13.4刚度分布 (30)13.5变形分布测量 (31)13.6固有频率 (31)13.7阻尼 (31)13.8形态 (31)13.9（物理）质量分布 (32)13.10蠕变 (32)13.11其他非破坏性试验 (32)13.12叶片分段 (32)14报告 (32)14.1概要 (32)14.2内容 (32)14.2.1通用---所有试验 (32)14.2.2静态试验和疲劳试验 (32)14.2.3其他试验 (33)附录A（常规性）准安全系数的考虑 (34)附录B（常规性）疲劳公式敏感性评估 (35)附录C（常规性）加载角度变化的考虑 (36)附录D（资料性）试验安装实例 (37)Bibliography (39)前言1)IEC(国际电工技术委员会）是由各国家电工技术委员会(IEC国家委员会）组成的世界性标准化组织。
MST产品测试
产品测试–多重测试（MST）- TCPS QA– HG目的：这份文件是要解释Target’s产品测试要求，经过多重产品测试（MST），产品在生产前检测。
范围：这个生产过程是所有实物产品都需要做的。
●TSS TARGET所拥有的品牌●TSS 国际品牌●TSS 市场品牌●非TSS TARGET所拥有品牌●所有物件在D234 见SPOT .SA VE相关文件：●TARGET 测试申请表●TCPS QA–检查过程（DUPRO / FRI）（文件WCMP05-060207）●儿童产品界定和流程图（文件PT-QA-ALL-P-5）●归类要求●归类过程（文件PT-QA-HG,SH-P-1）●过境测试标准（文件PT-QA-HG-P-4）●重写程序（文件WCMP05-054496）定义、缩略语；●MST= 多阶段测试–分开3个阶段去测试产品。
1.PPT= 产品生产前测试–卖商抽取样板做测试，在开始生产之前2.TOP-= 顶部产品测试抽样测试，TCPS密封样板或，在第一次生产高危物品的第一次检查让第三者检查服务。
3.ORT= 进行中抽查测试- 测试在开始生产后，抽出样板，TCPS会给第三者检查服务。
a. ORT6 = 离上次测试有6个日历月的高危产品b. ORT12= 离上次测试有12个日历月的非高危产品，除了UP&UP TM 产品4. OA T= 进行中每年测试。
TCPS抽出样板，第三者会在高危产品12个月后检查。
TARGET所拥有品牌= TARGET BRANDS,INC一个品牌被管理，制造或分发●国际品牌= 一个品牌有国际或地域认知，而非TARGET BRANDS,Inc拥有●市场品牌= 品牌没有区分牌子名称，但用在包装上的。
卖商拥有这个标志非国际或地区认知。
高危产品= 以下项目认为为高风险：-玩具-儿童产品(文件PT-QA-ALL-P-5)-安全头盔-所有溜冰鞋-灯串（插头，不是电池）-所有电子物品（插头）-金属铁架-户外取暖器-丙烷燃料产品-泳池-装饰品（插头，不是电池）--圣诞树（有灯饰，无灯饰）超过1 ft 高-绿色商品花圈和花环（有灯饰，无灯饰）只有圣诞树材料而已，不包括干花，装饰花圈之类。
reach测试标准
reach测试标准Reach测试标准。
在当今竞争激烈的市场环境中，产品的质量和性能直接关系到企业的竞争力和市场地位。
而为了确保产品的质量和性能达到一定的标准，我们需要进行一系列的测试和评估。
其中，Reach测试就是其中之一。
Reach测试是指针对化学品在欧盟市场上的法规要求进行的测试。
它的主要目的是保护人类健康和环境，规范化学品的生产和使用。
在进行Reach测试时，需要严格按照相关的标准和流程来进行，以确保测试结果的准确性和可靠性。
首先，进行Reach测试之前，我们需要明确测试的目的和范围。
这包括确定测试的化学品种类、测试的标准和要求，以及测试的时间节点和流程安排。
只有明确了测试的目的和范围，才能有针对性地进行测试工作，提高测试效率和准确性。
其次，进行Reach测试时，需要准备好相应的实验设备和试剂。
这些试剂和设备需要符合相关的标准要求，以确保测试过程中的可靠性和准确性。
同时，实验操作人员也需要具备一定的专业知识和技能，以确保测试操作的规范和准确。
在进行Reach测试时，需要严格按照测试标准和流程来进行。
这包括样品的采集、实验条件的控制、实验数据的记录和分析等过程。
只有严格按照标准和流程来进行，才能得到可靠和准确的测试结果。
除此之外，进行Reach测试时，还需要注意实验过程中的安全和环保。
这包括实验操作人员的个人防护、废弃物的处理和实验场所的安全控制等方面。
只有做到安全和环保，才能保障实验操作人员和环境的安全。
最后，进行Reach测试后，需要对测试结果进行分析和评估。
这包括测试数据的统计和比对，以及测试结果的合规性评价。
只有对测试结果进行科学的分析和评估，才能得出准确的结论，并据此进行后续的决策和措施。
总的来说，进行Reach测试是一项复杂而严谨的工作。
只有严格按照相关的标准和流程来进行，才能得到可靠和准确的测试结果。
同时，也需要注重实验过程中的安全和环保，以确保实验操作人员和环境的安全。
希望通过我们的努力，能够为产品的质量和性能提供有力的保障。
欧洲电子支付系统TARGET
管理信用机构相关业 务及账户。
技术方面的管理
（决策过程包括对 系统用户的公开的 意见征询程序,但 最终决策由一二管 理层制定）
四、最新发展——TARGET2
• （一）TARGET2的特点
• 3、 制度特点——管理、资金来源与定价机制 • （2）资金来源 • 各RTGS 系统：各国中央银行 • 自行开发的平台：本国中央银行； • 共享平台：加入平台的各国央行。
算欧元为单位的、大额的、系统相关性强的各种支 付；
• 用中央银行货币进行实时支付时，服务可“向下” 扩展，无de jure 或de facto 限制。
四、最新发展——TARGET2
• （一）TARGET2的特点
• 2、 系统特点 • ——支付业务、服务及用户接口与附加支付系统 • （1）支付业务 • ②类别： • 必须委托target 的支付； • 欧洲系统认为适合由target 处理的支付； • 用户选择target 作为支付系统带来的支付。
四、最新发展——TARGET2
• （二）TARGET2与现有TARGET交易 流程对比：
• 1、The currently used TARGET
1. The credit institution (your local bank) receives the payment order from the client
5. The receiving central bank, in turn, books the payment amount from the mirror account of the sending Central Bank and credit the account of the receiving credit institution
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1. 样办外部测试
样办分类检测内容
检测频率童装：挂黑扣办后21天内成人：大货超5万件，挂黑扣办
后21天内
2. 样办内部测试
检测内容检测频率检测标准布重/克重开货前完成ASTM D3776纱线密度开货前完成ASTM D3775缩水率开货前完成AATCC135/AATCC150
扭曲率开货前完成AATCC179洗后外观开货前完成AATCC135/AATCC150水洗色牢度开货前完成AATCC135/AATCC150耐氯色牢度开货前完成AATCC TS-001非耐氯色牢度开货前完成AATCC TS-001耐汗渍色牢度开货前完成AATCC 15耐水渍色牢度开货前完成AATCC 107耐嗅氧色牢度开货前完成AATCC 109磨擦色牢度开货前完成AATCC 8拉伸强力开货前完成ASTM D5034缝线强力开货前完成ASTM 1683弹力回复性能开货前完成ASTM D3107
钮扣/小部件拉力
开货前完成IHTM 撕破强力开货前完成STM D1424抗起毛球性能开货前完成ASTM D3512 MODIFIED 口袋强力开货前完成ASTM D5034 MODIFIED
pH值
开货前完成
AATCC 181
RANDOM办产品的安全性，内在品质，外观性能
每三个月一次PP办
产品的安全性，内在品质，外观性能
开货前完成
TOP办产品的安全性，内在品质，外观性能
检测标准
Refer to Target Testing protocol Refer to Target Testing protocol Refer to Target Testing protocol
Refer to Target Testing protocol Refer to Target Testing protocol Refer to Target Testing protocol。