高考英语名词知识点综合训练(1)
高考英语名词知识点综合训练(1)
一、选择题
1．President Donald Trump's first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media, which was criticized by many as a(n) _________ from tradition.
A．departure B．benefit C．escape D．lesson
2．One of the Disney cartoon characters, Donald Duck, is always quick to find ____ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages.
A．mistake B．error C．blame D．fault
3．Space exploration provides a ______ of national pride.
A．reason B．portrait C．statue D．symbol
4．Tony put on soft music and turned down the lights in order to give a more relaxed ____ at home.
A．view B．attitude C．style D．atmosphere
5．—I couldn’t tell Jack from his twin brother.
—Me too, and there is no obvious________between them.
A．contribution B．distinction C．promotion D．expression 6．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products.
A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 7．This unjust _______ of people on the basis of skin color was challenged. A．determination B．adaptation C．separation D．submission
8．I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first
__________.
A．attempt B．experiment
C．flight D．glance
9．---What's new?
---The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel ____ , also known as chunyun, will ___ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.
A．dash; kick out B．rush; kick off C．flow; kick in D．jam; kick up 10．All children should be encouraged to realize their full __________.
A．impact B．recognition C．potential D．program 11．Childhood ________ often play a big part in shaping one’s character .
A．courses B．experiences C．effects D．records
12．The self-driving smart bus is already operating in 10 cities across China, with the
latest_______ in Shanghai in August.
A．exploration B．exclusion C．expansion D．explosion
13．No body knows the man who was killed in the accident, so it is difficult for the police to find out his .
A．accent B．source C．identity D．mystery 14．American English has so many_________because the American people have come from all over the world.
A．grammar B．vocabulary C．pronunciations D．dialects
15．The literature masterpiece Macbeth by Shakespeare will be better understood if readers look at the tragedy in the historical _________ of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, an era of relative stability.
A．content B．contest C．context D．contact
16．With the _______ of the mid-term examinations, the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous.
A．approach B．access C．attachment D．appearance 17．This book gives a brief _______ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall.
A．outline B．output C．operation D．organ
18．The explorer got a disease in blood for ________of fresh vegetables and fruit.
A．sake B．lack
C．ignorance D．knock
19．—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?
— Well, I just follow the directons in the cookbook.
A．feature B．plan C．cost D．trick
20．I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any________to me. A．meaning B．importance C．sense D．significance 21．They are building the dam in _____ with another firm.
A．comparison B．association C．touch D．tune
22．Luna is a girl of great ______ for she takes a great interest in whatever she sees. A．curiosity B．belief C．concern D．strength
23．In the process of getting rid of racial________,the USA is left far behind. A．discrimination B．compromise C．substitute D．disadvantage 24．—Any ________ to how long I can keep the book?
—Yes. You must return it by next Tuesday.
A．limit B．time C．number D．length 25．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands
【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除
一、选择题
1．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：唐纳德·特朗普总统的第一次国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体，许多人批评这是对传统的背离。A. departure背离，违反；B. benefit益处；C. escape逃跑，逃避；D. lesson课，教训。分析句子可知，此处表示的意思是“国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体是对传统的背离”，故选A。
2．D
解析：D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病，给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。A. mistake错误；B. error错误；C. blame责备；D. fault缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配，表示“挑某人毛病”，故D项正确。
3．D
解析：D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：太空探索是民族自豪感的象征。A. reason原因，理由；B. portrait 肖像；C. statue地位；D. symbol符号，象征。根据句意，太空探索是充满民族自豪感的。选项D切题，故选D。
4．D
解析：D
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：托尼放了柔和的音乐，把灯调暗，以便使家里的气氛更轻松。
A. view视野，风景；
B. attitude态度；
C. style风格；
D. atmosphere气氛。根据语境及选项分析可知，此处指更轻松的“氛围”。故选D。
5．B
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：—我分不清杰克和他的孪生兄弟。—我也是，他们之间没有明显的区别。A. contribution贡献；B. distinction区别；C. promotion提升；D. expression表达。根据句意可知，孪生兄弟长相相似，区别并不明显，distinction意为“区别”，与题意相符，故选B。
6．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场发布展示会进展非常顺利，几乎所有到场的听众都向我们的5G产品咨询更多的信息。A. conservation保护；B. imagination想象力；C. presentation
展示；D. qualification资格。结合句意可知，此处用“展示”符合语境，故选C项。
7．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种以肤色为基础的不公正的种族隔离受到了挑战。A. determination决心；B. adaptation适应；C. separation隔离，分离；D. submission投降，提交。结合句意表示“分离”应用separation。故选C。
8．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：我在培训中心进行了大量练习，以便我能在驾照考试中一次通过。
A. attempt尝试；
B. experiment实验；
C. flight飞行；
D. glance瞥见。at the / one’s first attempt表示“第一次尝试”，为固定搭配。由“I practiced a lot in the training center”以及so that可推断，进行大量练习，目的是为了一次尝试通过驾照考试。故选A。
9．B
解析：B
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析和动词短语词义辨析。句意：---有什么新消息？---即将到来的40天的春运高峰期，又称春运，将于1月10日拉开序幕，2月18日结束。A. dash破折号; kick out 撵走；B. rush 高峰期； kick off 开始；C. flow 流动 ; kick in 药物开始起作用；D. jam 拥挤; kick up 出故障。由“The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival”可知，第一个空在说春运高峰期。由“end on Feb 18”可知，第二个空在说春运的开始时间。end与kick off“开始”相对应。故选B项。
10．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：应该鼓励所有的孩子充分发挥他们的潜力。A. impact影响；B. recognition认出; 识别；承认；C. potential潜力; 潜质；D. program程序。结合语境可知，孩子应该被鼓励开发其潜能。故选C项。
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年经历往往在塑造一个人的性格方面起着很大的作用。A. courses课程；B. experiences经历；C. effects影响；D. records记录。结合句意表示“童年经历”，故选B。
12．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：自动驾驶智能巴士已经在中国10个城市投入运营，最新的一次扩展是今年8月在上海。A. exploration探索，勘探；B. exclusion排外；C. expansion扩大，扩展；D. explosion爆炸。根据句意及选项，此处是说自动驾驶智能巴士最新一次投入使用是在上海。故选C。
13．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词。句意：没有人知道在事故中丧生的那个人，所以警察很难查明他的身份。A. accent口音；B. source来源；C. identity身份；D. mystery秘密，神秘。此处指警察要查明死者的“身份”。故选C。
14．D
解析：D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美式英语有很多方言，因为美国人来自世界各地。A.grammar 译为语法；B.vocabulary词汇；C.pronunciations发音；D.dialects方言”。根据题干中“come from all over the world”，可知美国是由来自世界各地的人组成，所以有很多方言。故选D项。
15．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者们如果关注伊丽莎白一世和詹姆斯一世那段相对稳定的时代的历史背景下的悲剧，就能更好地理解莎士比亚的文学著作《麦克白》。A. content内容；B. contest比赛；C. context环境，上下文；D. contact联系。这里联系the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods，要用historical context表示“历史背景”。故选C项。
16．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着期中考试的临近，大多数学生变得越来越紧张。A. approach接近；B. access通道；C. attachment连接物，附属；D. appearance外貌，外观。根据“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可知，此处是指随着期中考试的“临近”，故选A项。
【点睛】
名词词义辨析题注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力。由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案。如本题中由语境“the majority of the students are becoming more and more nervous”可以推出，空处应选“接近，临近”的意思。
17．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书给出了城堡历史的概述，以及大厅里陈列的艺术品的详细信息。A. outline大纲，概要；B. output输出；C. operation操作，手术；D. organ器官，机构。从主语book、形容词brief和反映的内容来看，应该指这本书的纲要内容。故选A 项。
18．B
解析：B
【解析】
考查名词。for the sake of为了……的缘故；for lack of由于缺少；ignorance无知；knock敲打，敲击。句意：探险家因为缺少新鲜的蔬菜和水果，得了一种血液病。根据句意应选B。
19．D
解析：D
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。——你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的窍门吗?——好吧，我只是按照食谱上的指示做。A. feature特征；B. plan计划；C. cost花费；D. trick诀窍。这里指“做这么好吃蛋糕的诀窍”。所以选D。
【点睛】
本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。由后文的回答可以推断本题答案，“我只是按照食谱上说明书（做蛋糕）”，那么前面问的肯定是“你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？”再根据初步判断去看选项，B、C可以排除，A和D可能拿捏不准，尤其是D,考生可能会想到play tricks认为是“把戏”的意思，就错选成A了。但是A仅仅有“特征”之意，D在此由“把戏”被转化为“技巧”，类似于tips，考生一定要注重转化意，这也是近年高考的趋势。
20．C
解析：C
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个材料我已经读了好几遍了，但对我来说毫无意义。A. meaning意思；B. importance重要性；C. sense意义；D. significance重要性。根据语境可知，此处是短语make sense“有意义，讲得通”的否定变化。故选C。
21．B
解析：B
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们正在与另一家公司联合修建大坝。A. (in) comparison (with)与…比较； B. (in) association (with)与…联合； C. (in) touch (with)同…有联系； D. (in)tune (with)与…一致。根据句意可知，in association with意为“与…联合，协作”，故选B。22．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩，因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣。A. curiosity好奇心；B. belief信念；C. concern关心，忧虑；D. strength力气。根据“she takes a great interest in whatever she sees(因为她无论看见什么东西，都有极大的兴趣)”可推知，Luna是一个充满好奇心的女孩。故选A项。
23．A
解析：A
【解析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在摆脱种族歧视的过程中，美国被远远抛在后面。A.
discrimination歧视；B. compromise妥协；C. substitute代替；D. disadvantage缺点。根据空前的“racial”可知，此处指种族“歧视”，故选A项。
24．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：——我能借多长时间有限制吗？——是的。你必须在下星期二之前归还。A. limit限制；B. time时间；C. number 数字；D. length长度。结合后文的回答“You must return it by next Tuesday.”可知询问的是借书的时间有没有“限制（limit）”。故选A。
25．A
解析：A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在行星演化的早期,他们用来清扫太阳系。A. stages阶段；B. journeys旅程；C. species物种；D. demands要求。根据planetary evolution可知，此处用“阶段”符合语境，故选A项。
2020年高考：英语知识点高频必考归纳
2020年高考：英语知识点高频必考归纳 1.able 用法：be able to do Note: 反义词unable表示不能，而disabled表示残疾的。 be able to do可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。 4.advise 用法：advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有be able to或can等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后；be after表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而in接一个时间段，如：after 3 o’clock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词on, to, with及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on表示达成一致；agree to表示批准；agree with表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法：allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如：Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如：He is among the best. 11.and 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。 Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如：Work hard, and you’ll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如：answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法：be anxious for/about/to do Note: be anxious about表示担心；be anxious for表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与seem同义，表示看起来……。 16.arrive 用法：arrive at表示到一个小地方；arrive in表示到一个大地方。 Note: 引申含义表示得出，如：arrive at a decision/conclusion. 17.ask 用法：ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：ask that sb. (should) do的形式。 18.asleep 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 通常与动词be及fall搭配；sound asleep表示熟睡。 19.attend 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。 Note: attend to可以表示处理、照料等。 20.attention 用法：pay attention to; draw/catch sb’s attention Note: 写通知时的常用语：May I have your attention, please?
高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1)
高考英语名词知识点综合练习(1) 一、选择题 1．The system has been meant to give students quick and easy ________ to the digital resources of the library. A．access B．passage C．way D．approach 2．Lao Gan Ma is the best chilli sauce in China. The company built up its________by constantly providing high-quality products at a relatively low price. A．reputation B．campaign C．appetite D．occupation 3．I suggest you apply for membership. Members can get a 15% ____________. A．discount B．dictation C．favor 4．Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A．command B．control C．charge D．possession 5．Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any ________. A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value 6．A huge was lifted from my shoulders when I told my parents about my problems. A．burden B．risk C．hole D．disaster 7．Timoteo has an unusual job — he is a human traffic _________. A．sign B．signal C．mark D．symbol 8．—In spring, hens start laying eggs again, bringing a welcome source of protein. —It is ____ that lots of cultures celebrate spring by honoring the egg! A．no doubt B．no surprise C．no way D．no need 9．The ________ went extremely well, with almost all of the audience requesting further information about our 5G products. A．conservation B．imagination C．presentation D．qualification 10．If violence is not kept in check by bringing the guilty to ____, matters will go beyond what the public can tolerate. A．equality B．justice C．regulation D．liberation 11．The two neighbouring countries reached a（an） ______ on their boundary problem eventually. A．Accumulation.B．compensation C．accommodation D．ambition 12．As we all know, there is a close ______ between diet and health. A．connection B．evidence C．power D．belief 13．To those of you who received honors, awards, and ____, I say, well done. And to the average students, I say, you, too, can be President of the United States. A．distinctions B．contributions C．solutions D．attractions 14．People’s____of life has greatly improved since the reform and opening-up policy(政策)was carried out in China. A．quantity B．quality C．activity D．reality 15．During the early ____________of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the solar system. A．stages B．journeys C．species D．demands
高考英语专题一名词
考点一名词 名 词 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则 1.规则变化 规则例词 一般情况下,在词尾直接加-s book—books cap—caps tree—trees 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes
2.不规则变化
注意:1.fish的“数” ?
2.penny的复数形式 ? 2 pennies ? 2 pence 3.hair的“数” ? ?
4.people指“人”时是person的一种复数形式,指“民族”时其复数形 式为peoples。 one person一个人two people两个人 a people一个民族two peoples两个民族 二、名词所有格 1. 加-'s词尾的规则 2.用法 （1）用于表来人或其他有生命的名词。表示所有关系类别用途、目的或起源。Is this Mr. Black's ofie? 这是布莱克先生的办公室吗? I took over my father's company last year.我是去年接管我父亲的公司的。children's bookstore儿童书店 (2)用于表示时间距离、价格等的名词。 Have you read today's newspaper?你读今天的报纸了吗? We're going to have a six weeks' summer vacation.我们将有一-个为期六个星期的暑假。
It's only half an hour's drive from here to the nearesthospital. 从这里到最近的医院开车仅有半小时的路程。 I bought 100 dollars' worth of books.我买了100美元的书。 (3)表示国家、城市、天体等的名词常用- 's结构。 China's industry 中国的工业 the ciy' enironment这座城市的环境the earth's suface地球的表面 (4)用以构成不同的节日。 April Fo's Day愚人节Children'sDay儿童节 Mothe's Day母亲节Teaches Day教师节 (5)用来表示店铺、医院、学校、住宅及公共建筑时，名词所有格后常常不出现它所修饰的名词。 at the barber's (shop)在理发店at Dick's (home)在迪克家 at the Whites' ( home )在怀特家里at the doctor's ( ffice)在医院at the tailor's ( shop)在裁缝店 (6)-'s用于学位中。 a Bachelor's degree学土学位 a master's degree硕士学位 a doctor's degree博士学位 (7)有时为了避免重复，可以单独使用-'s所有格，在句中相当于名词My views are quite different from my father's.我的观点与我父亲的非常不同。 My camera is the same as Ron's.我的照相机和罗恩的一样。 (8)由and连接的两个或多个名词，表示共同拥有时，只将最后一个名词变为所有格形式;如果是各自所有，则每个名词都要变成所有格 Jonh and Mary’s school Jonh’s and Mary’s schools (9)不定代词后加else,在else后加“-'s” somebody else's possessions 3.of所有格
2021版高考英语大一轮必考知识点复习Book 2 Unit 3
Ⅰ.读句品词——阅读下列句子，写出加黑单词的词性及汉语意思 1．Scolari is a great volleyball coach and if I end up working with him again I’d be very happy. n.教练2．I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.n.火箭 3．He used to download information from the Internet and made good use of it.v t.下载 4．An unknown virus has just attacked my computer，which causes my computer not to work. n.病毒5．These flowers inside the room are all artificial but they look real.adj.人造的；假的
Ⅱ.语境填词 背一背 1．technology n．工艺；科技；技术 2．total adj.总的；整个的n．总数；合计 3．goal n．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 4．happiness n．幸福；快乐 5．signal v i.& v t.发信号n．信号 6．type n．类型v t.& v i.打字 7．explore v t.& v i.探索；探测；探究 练一练[从左栏中选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空] 1．I think happiness depends on our attitude towards life but not on our wealth. 2．Advances in technology have improved crop output by over 30%. 3．I’ve got to a point in my life where I know I am smart enough to dive into an area that is totally unknown，hard，but interesting. 4．She signalled to the waiter for the bill but he didn’t understand what she meant. 5．They scored five goals in the first half of the match and were praised by the coach after the game.
高考语法专项练习：名词和名词短语
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1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain) 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌
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