高考英语语法讲义设计定语从句

高考英语语法讲义
第二讲定语从句
一、简单句：6种基本句型
1、S+V
2、S+V+O
3、S+V+P
4、S+V+O
i +O
d
5、S+V+O+C
6、T here be结构
二、并列句
三、复合句
由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句。

主句是复合句的主干部分，从句时修饰主句或主句的某个部分的。

高中阶段要求掌握的从句为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。

四、定语
定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，他常和名词构成名词短语。

1、前置定语：形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、动词的-ing形式
如：an exciting match university student
2、后置定语：形容词、副词、介词短语、不定时、动词的-ing形式、动词
的-ed形式。

如：anything important，a friend in need
五、定语从句
1、构成：先行词+关系词+从句（陈述句语序）
2、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词成为先行词。

先行词总是出现
在定语从句之前。

Generally speaking, People who have the highest EQ are the most successful.
3、关系词：
常见的关系代词：
常见的关系副词：
六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1、限制性定语从句
用来修饰和限定先行词，与先行词间的关系非常密切，如果去掉，则意思则含糊不清。

666/
A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.
2、非限制性定语从句：
概念
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词：
七、关系代词的用法
1、who：
用于指人，在定语从句中作主语。

In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached
as many as 250,000.
2、whom：用于指人，在定语从句中作宾语。

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.
3、which:1）一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。

2）指代整句句子
The river which runs through the center of the city brings us
lots of pleasures.
She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.
4、that:在定语从句中可以指人或指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，但不
能作介词宾语。

This is the boy that broke the window.
5、只能用that不能用which的情况：
1）先行词是all, few, little, much, something, nothing,
anything等。

All that we have to do is to practice every day.
2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。

The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
3）先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰。

No man that has common sense can believe it.
Any paper that you read will give the same story.
4）先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰。

He is the only person that I want to talk to.
This is the very book that I want to buy.
5）先行词既有人，又有物；
They talked of things and persons that they remembered.
6）在以who, which引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用that；
Who is the man that is talking to John?
6、that 不可用的场合：
1）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。

The way in which one students approaches learning might be quite different from another.
2）在非限制性定语从句中
Tokyo, which is the capital city of Japan, sees great changes every day.
7、whose 一般指人，但有时也指物。

在定语从句中作定语。

You’re the only one whose advice he might listen to.
八、关系副词的用法
1、when 在从句中作时间状语。

April the first is the day when people make fun of others.
2、where 在定语从句中做地点状语。

These are the few points where we disagree with each other.
3、why 在定语从句中做原因状语。

=for which
I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from
the meeting.
九、“介词+关系代词”结构
1、可代替when, where, why,that等关系词
There used to be a time at which/ during which the Chinese people
struggled for freedom.
In 2006, we moved to Boston, in which my grandparents live.
There are varieties of ways in which we can solve this problem.
There’s no reason for which we shouldn’t be friends.
2、关系代词前介词的确定
I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that
I saved.
In ten years, Jill went from working in the mailroom to running
the company, in which more than 1000 people now work.
The colourless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
十、AS 引导的定语从句
1、在“such(the same)…as…”句型中：
Such people as have made great contributions to the world should
be greatly respected.
2、so+adj.+a/an+n.（单数）+as
3、单独引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如…那样”、“正像…”（多用被
动）
She is very patient, as is shown in her work.
as we all know 大家都知道
as I can remember 正如我所记得的
as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的那样
as often happens 这经常发生
as we expect 正如我们预料的那样
as you see 这一点你明白
as has been said before 如前所述
as is well known 众所周知
as (was/had been/is) expected 正如预料的那样。