宏观经济学期末考试试卷习题及标准答案.doc
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1(附答案)
一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6 percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2002 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , in dollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2002, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2003, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2002 and 2003?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exporting countries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Army generals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person.33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operates a branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capital outflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right.48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers.49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What areinflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T”；错误用“F”；每小题 1分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分) 51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy.53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recessionwithout policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future. They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末复习题库及标准答案
《宏观经济学》
课程的考核要求
本课程采取闭卷考试的方式；时间为2小时（120分钟)
总评成绩的计算依据:
（1)平时成绩:占总评成绩的3０%；其中期中考试成绩占总评成绩的2０%，
课堂小测验（至少两次）占５％,作业等占5%。
(２)期终成绩:占总评成绩的7０％,以期终考试成绩为依据。
如下表所示:
平时成绩(30％) 期终成绩（70%）总评成绩(１０
0%)
期中考试(2０％)
课堂小测验（5%)
期终考试（70％) 1０0％
作业等(5％)
识记部分约占３０%；理解部分约占40％；运用部分约占３0%。
考试题型包括判断、选择、作图、计算、简答、分析论述等。
ﻬ第十二章国民收入核算
一、主要概念
国民生产总值(GNP）、国内生产总值(ＧＤP)、名义国内生产总值和实际国内生产总值、最终产品和中间产品、总投资和净投资、重置投资、存货投资、政府购买和政府转移支付、净出口、间接税、国民生产净值、国民收入、个人收入、个人可支配收入、储蓄一投资恒等式。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1附答案共6页word资料
一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2019 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe havebeneficial effects on growth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, sweettooth, in dollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2019, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2019, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2019 and 2019?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exportingcountries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Armygenerals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person. 33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operatesa branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capital outflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers.49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What are inflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain whyaggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period beforeChristmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T ”；错误用“F ”；每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34.35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A 参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T 51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy. 53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country. 54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recessionwithout policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future. They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末考试复习题.doc
宏观经济学期末考试复习题。
一、单项选题:1.下列哪一项不包括在国民生产总值的计算中？2)一个国家的国民生产总值低于其国内生产总值，这表明其公民从外国获得的收入(2)外国公民从该国获得的收入。
A.大于b小于c等于d可以大于或小于3。
今年的名义国内生产总值大于去年的国内生产总值，表明(d)。
a .今年的价格水平必须高于去年b .今年生产的商品和服务的总量必须高于去年c .今年的价格水平和实际产出水平必须高于去年d .以上三种说法不一定正确。
4.在一个只有家庭、企业和政府组成的三部门经济中必须有。
A.家庭储蓄等于净投资b .家庭储蓄等于总投资c .家庭储蓄加折旧等于总投资加政府支出d .家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府支出。
5之间的差异。
国内生产总值和NDP是间接税收折旧直接税净出口。
根据国民收入核算的原则，家庭投资于教育的人力资本(a)。
a属于消费支出b属于政府支出c属于投资支出d不包括在国民生产总值中。
国内生产总值指的是(c)。
要素收益利润净要素收益国外净要素收益国内间接税折旧国内间接税折旧国外净要素收益。
用支出法计算的国内生产总值的公式是(一)国内生产总值=I G(十-一、单项选题:1.下列哪一项不包括在国民生产总值的计算中？2)一个国家的国民生产总值低于其国内生产总值，这表明其公民从外国获得的收入(2)外国公民从该国获得的收入。
A.大于b小于c等于d可以大于或小于3。
今年的名义国内生产总值大于去年的国内生产总值，表明(d)。
a .今年的价格水平必须高于去年b .今年生产的商品和服务的总量必须高于去年c .今年的价格水平和实际产出水平必须高于去年d .以上三种说法不一定正确。
4.在一个只有家庭、企业和政府组成的三部门经济中必须有。
A.家庭储蓄等于净投资b .家庭储蓄等于总投资c .家庭储蓄加折旧等于总投资加政府支出d .家庭储蓄加税收等于总投资加政府支出。
5之间的差异。
国内生产总值和NDP是间接税收折旧直接税净出口。
大二宏观经济学期末考试试题及答案A卷
大二宏观经济学期末考试试题及答案A卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要对象是（）A. 个体经济行为B. 企业经济行为C. 国民经济总体D. 政府经济行为答案：C2. 以下哪项不是宏观经济政策的目标（）A. 充分就业B. 价格稳定C. 经济增长D. 贸易顺差答案：D3. 根据凯恩斯主义理论，经济衰退时政府应该采取的财政政策是（）A. 紧缩财政B. 扩张财政C. 维持现状D. 增加税收答案：B4. 货币供应量增加，利率下降，这符合（）A. 古典经济学B. 凯恩斯主义C. 货币主义D. 新古典经济学答案：B5. 以下哪项不是GDP的组成部分（）A. 消费B. 投资C. 政府购买D. 出口答案：D6. 长期总供给曲线是（）A. 垂直的B. 水平的C. 向右上倾斜的D. 向左下倾斜的答案：A7. 经济周期中的衰退阶段通常伴随着（）A. 失业率上升B. 通货膨胀率上升C. 经济增长率上升D. 货币供应量增加答案：A8. 货币政策的主要工具是（）A. 利率B. 货币供应量C. 政府支出D. 税收答案：B9. 根据菲利普斯曲线，通货膨胀与失业率之间的关系是（）A. 正相关B. 负相关C. 无关D. 先正后负答案：B10. 经济全球化对发展中国家的影响是（）A. 只有负面影响B. 只有正面影响C. 既有正面影响也有负面影响D. 没有影响答案：C二、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述凯恩斯主义与货币主义在货币政策上的主要区别。
答案：凯恩斯主义认为，通过政府的财政政策和货币政策，可以调节总需求，从而影响就业和产出。
货币主义则认为，货币供应量是影响经济活动的主要因素，主张通过控制货币供应量来实现经济稳定。
2. 解释什么是“滞胀”现象，并说明其产生的原因。
答案：滞胀是指经济增长停滞或下降，同时伴随着通货膨胀的现象。
其产生的原因可能包括：成本推动型通货膨胀、需求拉动型通货膨胀、结构性失业、政府政策失误等。
宏观经济学期末考试试题(含答案)
《宏观经济学》期末考试试题一、判断题（对的写“T”，错的写“F”；每小题1分，共10分）1.人均真实GDP是平均经济福利（生活水平）的主要衡量指标。
2.1963年美国的最低工资水平是每小时1.25美元，而2013年则为7.25美元，因而，在美国拿最低工资的人的生活水平大大提高了。
3.大多数失业是短期的，然而，大多数所观察到的失业是长期的。
4.通货膨胀并没有降低大多数工人的购买力。
5.家庭决定把大部分收入储蓄起来会使总供给曲线向左移动。
6.某人出售一幅旧油画所得到的收入应该计入当年的国内生产总值。
7.无论什么人，只要没有找到工作就是失业。
8.短期总供给不变时，总需求的变动会引起均衡的国内生产总值同方向变动，物价水平反方向变动。
9.扩张性货币政策的实行可以增加货币供给量，从而使利率水平提高。
10.总需求不足时，政府可以提高转移支付水平，以增加社会总需求。
二、简答题（每小题5分，共15分）1.列出并说明生产率的四个决定因素。
2.解释企业通过提高它所支付的工资增加利润的四种可能原因。
3.是什么因素可能引起总需求曲线向左移动？三、应用题（每小题5分，共20分）假设今年的货币供给是5 00亿美元，名义GDP是10万亿美元，而真实GDP是5万亿美元。
1.物价水平是多少？货币流通速度是多少？2.假设货币流通速度是不变的，而每年经济中物品与服务的产出增加5%。
如果美联储保持货币供给不变，明年的名义GDP和物价水平是多少？3.如果美联储想保持物价水平不变，它应该把明年的货币供给设定为多少？4.如果美联储想把通货膨胀率控制在10%，它应该把货币供给设定为多少？四、计算与分析说明题（每小题10分，共30分；要有计算步骤，否则扣分）b.把2015年作为基年，计算各年的真实GDP。
c.与2016年相比，2017年的名义GDP、真实GDP增长率各是多少？名义GDP增长率和真实GDP增长率孰大孰小？解释原因。
2.一个经济在产出低于其自然水平4000亿美元的水平上运行，而且财政政策制定者想弥补这种衰退性缺口。
宏观经济期末考试题及答案
宏观经济期末考试题及答案# 宏观经济期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 宏观经济学研究的主要问题包括：A. 个人消费行为B. 企业生产决策C. 国民收入水平D. 价格水平答案：C2. 根据凯恩斯理论，当经济处于：A. 充分就业状态时，财政政策无效B. 非充分就业状态时，财政政策有效C. 通货膨胀状态时，货币政策无效D. 经济衰退时，货币政策无效答案：B3. 货币供应量增加，按照货币数量论，将导致：A. 利率上升B. 国民收入增加C. 价格水平上升D. 失业率上升答案：C4. 经济增长的长期趋势主要取决于：A. 政府支出B. 货币政策C. 技术水平D. 人口增长率答案：C5. 以下哪项不是货币政策工具？A. 利率调整B. 公开市场操作C. 法定准备金率D. 财政支出答案：D...（此处省略其他选择题）二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 解释什么是菲利普斯曲线，并简述其在宏观经济政策中的应用。
答案：菲利普斯曲线是描述失业率与通货膨胀率之间关系的经济理论，通常表现为二者之间的负相关关系，即失业率较低时，通货膨胀率较高，反之亦然。
在宏观经济政策中，政府和中央银行可以利用菲利普斯曲线来制定政策，通过调整货币供应量或财政支出来影响经济，实现低失业率和低通货膨胀率的平衡。
2. 描述什么是“挤出效应”，并给出一个可能的情境。
答案：挤出效应是指政府增加财政支出时，通过提高利率或减少私人投资，导致私人部门的经济活动减少的现象。
例如，当政府为了刺激经济而增加公共支出时，可能会推高利率，使得企业和个人借贷成本上升，从而减少他们的投资和消费，这就会减少私人部门的经济活动。
3. 解释什么是“乘数效应”，并给出一个例子。
答案：乘数效应是指初始支出的变化通过连锁反应导致总需求的更大变化的现象。
例如，政府在经济衰退期间增加公共工程支出，这将直接创造就业和收入，而这些收入的增加又会促使人们增加消费，进一步刺激经济活动，最终导致总需求的增长远大于初始的政府支出。
《宏观经济学》期末考试试卷附答案
《宏观经济学》期末考试试卷附答案一、单选题（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分）1.在一个有家庭、企业、政府和国外部门构成的四部门经济中，GDP是（）的总和。
A.消费、总投资、政府购买和净出口；B. 消费、净投资、政府购买和净出口；C. 消费、总投资、政府购买和总出口；D.工资、地租、利息、利润和折旧。
2.下列项目中，（）不是要素收入。
A.总统薪水；B.股息；C.企业对灾区的捐献；D.银行存款者取得的利息。
3.一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000元；而当其收入为6000时，其消费支出为6000元。
在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
A.2/3；B.3/4；C.4/5；D.1；4.假设消费者在T年（退休前）时预计退休后每年可得额外的退休金10 000元，根据生命周期假说，该消费者与原来相比较，将（）。
A.在退休前不改变，退休后每年增加10 000元消费；；B. 在退休前增加10 000元消费，退休后不再增加消费；C. 以T年起至生命结束每年增加消费10 000元；D. 将退休后可得到的退休金额均匀地用于增加T年以后的消费中。
5.如果灵活偏好曲线接近水平状，这意味着（）.A.利率稍有变动，货币需求就会大幅度变动；B.利率变动很大时，货币需求也不会有很大变动；C.货币需求丝毫不受利率的影响；D.以上三种情况都有可能；6.投资往往是易变的，其主要原因之一是（）.A.投资在很大程度上取决于企业家的预期；B.消费需求变化得反复无常以至于影响投资；C.政府开支代替投资，而政府开支波动剧烈；D.利率水平波动相当剧烈。
7.若消费函数为C=40+0.8Yd，净税收T=20，投资I=70-400r，净税收增加10单位使IS曲线（）.A.右移10单位；B.左移10单位；C.右移40单位；D.左移40单位.8.中央银行有多种职能，只有（）不是其职能.A.制定货币政策；B.为成员银行保存储备；C. 发行货币；D. 为政府赚钱9.利率和收入的组合点出现在IS曲线左下方、LM曲线的左上方的区域中，则表示（）.A.投资小于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；B.投资小于储蓄，且货币供给小于货币需求；C.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；D.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求大于货币供给.10.在下述何种情况下，会产生挤出效应（）.A.货币供给的下降提高利率，从而挤出了对利率敏感部门的私人支出；B.对私人部门税收的增加引起私人部门可支配收入和支出的下降；C. 政府支出增加使利率提高，从而挤出了私人部门的支出；D.政府支出的下降导致消费支出的下降。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷4(附答案)
b. After World War II the United States had lower growth rates than war-ravaged c. money with intrinsic value. 一、[ 请单击此处编辑题目 ] （ 每小题 分，共 分）
一、选择题 （ 本题包含 30小题，每题？分，共？分 ）
1．
Suppose GDP consists of wheat and
rice. In 2002, 20 bushels of wheat are sold at $4 per bushel, and 10 bushels of rice are sold at $2 per bushel. If the price of wheat was $2 per bushel and the price of rice was $1 per bushel in 2001, the base year, nominal 2002 GDP is a. $100, real 2002 GDP is $50, and the GDP deflator is 50. b. $50, real 2002 GDP is $100, and the GDP deflator is 200. c. $100, real 2002 GDP is $50, and the GDP deflator is 200. d. $40, real 2002 GDP is $100, and the GDP deflator is 50.
2．
The CPI is a measure of the overall cost of
a. inputs purchased by a typical producer. b. goods and services bought by a typical consumer. c. goods and services produced in the economy. d. stocks on the New York Stock Exchange.
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)
1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annualand seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but noadjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonallyadjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase bya. more than 2 percent.b. 2 percent.c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject toa. constant returns.b. increasing returns.c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns forhigh levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keeptheir children in school has not worked very well in practice.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased witha dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsThe initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is illustrated as a move froma. a tob.b. a toc.c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is thata. aggregate demand shifts right.b. aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate. 33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s. 41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price leveldivided by the foreign price level.57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. What sort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices.a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very muchrisk."b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value taxbreaks highly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, a reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it starts above equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer.Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are not subject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
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宏观经济学期末考试试卷及答案（ B 卷）一、名词解释题（本题型共 5 题。
每题 3 分，共 15 分）1．国内生产总值 2 ．平衡预算乘数 3 ．流动性偏好4．基础货币 5 ．充分就业1．国内生产总值：一个国家或地区在一定时期内运用生产要素所生产的全部最终产品（物品和劳务）的市场价值。
2．平衡预算乘数：政府的收入和支出同时且以同数量变动时国民收入的变动与政府收入支出变动的比率。
3．流动性偏好：即对货币的需求，由于货币具有使用上的灵活性，人们宁可牺牲利息收入而储存不生息货币来保持财富的心理倾向。
4．基础货币：商业银行的准备金总额（法定的和超额的）加上非银行部门持有的通货是存款扩张的基础，被称为基础货币。
5．充分就业：在广泛的意义上指一切生产要素（包含劳动）都有机会以自己意愿的报酬参加生产的状态。
二、单项选择题（本题型共30 题。
每题正确答案只有一个。
每题 1 分，共 30 分）1．下列哪一项将不计入当年的GDP？（）．．．A．当年整修过的古董汽车所增加的价值；B．一辆新汽车的价值；C．一辆二手汽车按其销售价格计算的价值；D．一台磨损的高尔夫球清洁机器的替换品。
1．C；2．在以支出法计算国内生产总值时，不属于投资的是（）。
．．．A．某企业增加一笔存货； B ．某企业建造一座厂房；C．某企业购买一台计算机； D ．某企业购买政府债券。
．；2D3．用收入法计算GDP时，不能计入GDP的是（）A．政府给公务员支付的工资；B．居民购买自行车的支出；C．农民卖粮的收入；D．自有住房的租金。
3．B；4．当实际GDP为 1500 亿美元， GDP缩减指数为120 时，名义国民收入为：（）A． 1100 亿美元；B．1500亿美元；C ． 1700 亿美元； D ．1800 亿美元。
4．D；5．一个家庭当其收入为零时，消费支出为2000 元；而当其收入为6000 元时，其消费为6000 元，在图形上，消费和收入之间成一条直线，则其边际消费倾向为（）。
A． 2/3 ；B．3/4；C ． 4/5 ；D ． 1。
5．A ；6．认为消费者不只同现期收入相关，而是以一生或可预期长期收入作为消费决策的消费理论是（）。
A．相对收入理论；B．绝对收入理论； C ．凯恩斯消费理论； D ．永久收入理论。
6．D；7．由于价格水平上升，使人们持有的货币及其他资产的实际价值降低，导致人们消费水平减少，这种效应被称为（）。
A．利率效应；B．实际余额效应； C ．进出口效应； D ．挤出效应。
7．B；8．如果边际储蓄倾向为，投资支出增加60 亿元时，将导致均衡 GDP增加（）。
A． 20 亿元； B ． 60 亿元； C ． 180 亿元； D ． 200 亿元。
．；8D9．在下列情况下，投资乘数最大的是（）A． MPC＝； B ． MPC＝； C ． MPC＝；D．MPC＝。
9．A；10．当利率降得很低时，人们购买债券的风险将会（）。
A．变得很小； B ．变得很大； C．可能很大，也可能很小；D．不发生变化。
10．B；11．对利率变动反映最敏感的是（）。
A．货币的交易需求；B．货币的谨慎需求； C ．货币的投机需求； D ．三种需求相同。
11．C；12．如果净税收增加10 亿美元，会使A．右移税收乘数乘以 10 亿美元；IS 曲线（B）。
．左移税收乘数乘以10 亿美元；C ．右移支出乘数乘以10 亿美元； D ．左移支出乘数乘以 10 亿美元。
12． B ；13．假定货币供给量和价格水平不变，货币需求为收入和利率的函数，当收入增加时（）。
A ．货币交易需求增加，利率上升；B ．货币交易需求增加，利率下降；C ．货币交易需求减少，利率上升；D．货币交易需求减少，利率下降。
13．A ；14．B ； 15 ． A；A ； 20A16 D ；17C ；18A； 19． ；．．． ．21 D ； 22B ；23C ；24D ； 25 ． B； ． ．． ．26 C ；27 C ；28 B ； 29 C ； 30 ． C 。
．．． ．1 × ；2 ．√； 3． √； 4． × ； 5． ×；．6 ×；7 ． √； 8． ×； 9． ×； 10． √；． √；12；13√； 1511． √． ×；14． √。
．．14．处于流动偏好陷阱中时， （）。
A ．货币需求无限小，货币政策无效；B ．货币需求无限大，货币政策无效C ．货币需求无限小，货币政策有效D．货币需求无限大，货币政策有效14． B ；15．凯恩斯主义极端及政策效应是指（）。
A ． IS 曲线垂直 LM 曲线水平，财政政策有效而货币政策无效；B ． IS 曲线垂直 LM 曲线水平，货币政策有效而财政政策无效；C ． IS 曲线水平 LM 曲线垂直，财政政策有效而货币政策无效；D ． IS 曲线水平 LM 曲线垂直，财政政策效果大于货币政策。
15． A ；16．当均衡收入低于充分就业的均衡时，双松的政策使（）。
A ．收入增加，利率上升；B ．收入增加，利率下降；C ．收入增加，利率不变；D．收入增加，利率不确定。
16． D ；17．假定货币需求函数为L ＝ ky － hr ，货币供给增加10 亿美元而其他条件不变，则会使LM （）。
A ．右移10 亿美元；B．右移k 乘以10 亿美元；C．右移 10 亿美元除以k（即10/ k）；D．右移k除以10亿美元（即k/10）。
17．C；18．利率和收入的组合点出现在IS 曲线右上方，LM曲线的左上方的区域中，则表示（）。
A．投资小于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；B．投资小于储蓄，且货币供给小于货币需求；C．投资大于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；D．投资大于储蓄，且货币需求大于货币供给。
18．A；19．在 IS 曲线上任一点表示投资与储蓄相等，在IS 曲线的左下方的区域，表示（）。
A．投资大于储蓄，企业将增加产量；B．投资大于储蓄，企业将减少产量；C．投资小于储蓄，企业将增加产量；D．投资小于储蓄，企业将减少产量。
19．A；20．政府支出增加使IS 右移，若要均衡收入变动接近于IS 的移动量，则必须（）。
A． LM平缓而IS 陡峭； B ． LM垂直而IS 陡峭；C． LM和IS 一样平缓；D． LM陡峭而IS 平缓。
20． A ；21．下列哪种情况中“挤出效应”可能更大？（）A．货币需求对利率敏感，私人部门支出对利率不敏感；B．货币需求对利率敏感，私人部门支出对利率也敏感；C．货币需求对利率不敏感，私人部门支出对利率也不敏感；D．货币需求对利率不敏感，私人部门支出对利率敏感。
21．D；22．“挤出效应”发生于（）。
A．货币供给减少使利率提高，挤出了对利率敏感的私人部门支出；B．政府支出增加，提高了利率，挤出了对利率敏感的私人部门支出；C．私人部门增税，减少了私人部门的可支配收入和支出；D．政府支出减少，引起消费支出下降。
22．B；23．下列哪种情况中增加货币供给不会．．影响均衡收入？（）A． LM陡峭而 IS 平缓；B．LM垂直而IS陡峭；C． LM平缓而 IS 垂直；D．LM和IS一样平缓。
23．C；24．下列哪一项是商业银行的负债（）。
A．票据贴现；B．抵押贷款；C．投资证券；D．活期存款。
24．D；25．如果一个国家的粮食大幅度歉收，这种不利的供给冲击将会引起该国（）。
A．物价水平上升，实际国内生产总值增加；B．物价水平上升，实际国内生产总值减少；C．物价水平下降，实际国内生产总值增加；D．物价水平下降，实际国内生产总值将减少。
25．B；26．由于经济萧条而形成的失业属于（）。
A．摩擦性失业；B．结构性失业；C．周期性失业；D．永久性失业。
26．C；27．假设经济社会中的自然失业率为4%，有一个国家，目前失业率为7%，根据奥肯定律，这个国家实际的 GDP将低于潜在的GDP（）个百分点。
A． 4； B ． 5； C ． 6；D ． 7。
．；27C28．认为通货膨胀只能并永远是一种货币现象，货币发行的增长速度是通货膨胀的决定性因素，这种理论是（）。
A．理性预期理论；B．货币数量论；C．供给主义理论；D．都不是。
28．B；29．有 A 和 B 两个部门，如果前者的生产增长率和工资增长率都是 %，后者生产增长率为增长率为 %，这时全社会的工资增长率高于生产增长率而引起通货膨胀。
这种通货膨胀属于（%，而工资）。
A．需求拉上通货膨胀；B．成本推动通货膨胀；C．结构性通货膨胀；D．惯性通货膨胀。
29．C；30．在通货膨胀的再分配效应中，（）。
A．通货膨胀对债权人有利； B ．通货膨胀对债务人不利；C．通货膨胀对债务人有利； D ．通货膨胀对债权人和债务人没有影响。
．。
30C三、判断题（本题型共15 题。
每题 1 分，共1．×；2．√；3．√15 分。
正确命题打√，错误命题打×。
； 4 ．×；5．×）；6×； 7．．11．√；12．√； 8 ．×； 9 ．×； 10 ．√；√；13．×；14．√； 15 ．√。
1．用支出法核算GDP时，政府发行国债的利息要计入GDP。
2．三部门经济系统中，投资和储蓄恒等式为I=S+（ T-G）3．宏观经济学中长期和短期的划分是以价格是否能够调整为标准的。
4．边际储蓄倾向加上平均储蓄倾向应该等于1。
5．年度预算平衡的财政管理思想是由凯恩斯提出的。
6．在其他条件不变的前提下，一个经济体系，支付报酬的周期越短，则货币的交易需求就越少。
7．一项扩张性货币政策，如果能够使利率下降较多，并且利率的下降能对投资有较大的刺激作用，则这项货币政策的效果就较强。
8．中央银行买进10 亿美元的政府债券，在法定存款准备金率为20%的情况下，货币供给减少了50 亿美元。
9．经济衰退时，用扩张性货币政策，效果很好；经济繁荣时，用紧缩性财政政策，效果很好。
10．西方发达国家的财政政策具有自动稳定经济的功能，从而减轻了经济波动的影响。
11．在充分就业的状态下，当政府的财政预算出现了赤字，这一定是由扩张性的财政政策造成的。
12．支出乘数越小，挤出效应的效果越小，财政政策的效果就越大。
13．广义的货币供给（M2）是硬币、纸币和银行活期存款的总和。
14．总需求中最主要的部分是消费，总需求变动或总需求受到冲击的主要原因包括财政政策、货币政策、消费习惯的突然改变、国际市场的需求变动等等。
15．经济周期的中心是国民收入的波动。
经济周期可分为两个阶段，即经济的衰退阶段和经济的扩张阶段。
四、计算分析题（本题型共 3 题。
每题 6 分，共 18 分）1．如果某一年份某国的最终消费为8000 亿美元，国内私人投资的总额为5000 亿美元（其中 1000 亿美元为弥补当年消耗的固定资产），政府税收为3000 亿美元（其中间接税为2000 亿美元，个人所得税 1000 亿美元），政府支出为3000 亿美元（其中政府购买支出为2500 亿美元、政府转移支付为500 亿美元），出口为 2000 亿美元，进口为1500 亿美元；根据以上数据计算该国的GDP 、NDP、NI 、PI 与 DPI。