学术英语(理工)期末大作业(论文)
Review of Terminal of the Cold Air Distribution in China Abstract
This paper analyzes the characteristics of terminal devices of cold air distribution system, and summarizes the research progress of terminal devices of cold air distribution system in china, points out the key issues to be addressed and possible future research directions. through extensive literature review. The main problems of cold air distribution system’s terminal devices are the condensation of diffuser surface and poor flow in room.At present, the research on cold air terminal devices focused on improving the performance of existing terminal devices, researching and developing new terminal devices, exploring new air supply methods which are suitable for cold air system and so on. It is a good solution to the problem that condensation of outlet’s surface that processing terminal devices by Super hydrophobic surfaces techniques when using conventional outlet. It can get good airflow and prevent condensation on diffuser surface that using the textile air distribution system in cold air distribution system. Exploring the methods that conventional air terminal devices used in cold air distribution system and researching new approach of supply are the future research directions.
Keywords: cold air distribution system terminal devices air conditioning system research progress
1. Introduction
Cold air distribution conditioning system is different from the conventional air conditioning system, the supply air temperature of conventional air conditioning systems is 12 ~ 16 ℃, while the air temperature of cold air distribution conditioning system is 4 ~ 10 ℃(Hua Zezhao, Liu Daoping, Wu Zhaolin & Wu Zhimin, 1997). Combined with ice storage technology, cold air distribution system developed rapidly and applied wildly. Ice storage technology and cold air distribution technology are researched in US and Japan earlier, and has been used in a large number of projects. cold air distribution technology is researched in china lately, but after 20 years of development, has made great progress and has been applied in some domestic engineering.
In the cold air distribution system, due to lower supply air temperature, so cold air conditioning system has many advantages compared to the conventional air conditioning system. With the supply air temperature reducing, air supply temperature difference will increase, and room air output will decreases, the capacity and power of
the blower can be smaller, the operation cost can reduce. Due to reducing air output, the size of air ducts and equipments can be reduced the initial investment will reduce. it can also save space of buildings and reduce construction costs at the same time. Cold water’s temperature of cold air distribution technology is 1 ~ 4 ℃, it can make that supply air has a lower relative humidity, and make relative humidity of room air to drop, improve the comfort of air-conditioned rooms. However, because of the supply air temperature is generally lower than the dew point temperature of indoor air and the air output is small,the air distribution of air-conditioned room is poor, and it always dews on the surface of outlet. The terminal devices of cold air distribution system is the key to solving these two problems.
The terminal devices used in the traditional cold air distribution system divide into two categories: the mixing box and special diffuser. Through literature review, the author studied the following three questions: 1. What are the problems of conventional terminal devices used in low temperature air supply system? 2. what is the current research situation of terminal devices of cold air distribution system ? 3. What are the new solutions to the terminal devices? This paper analyzed the problems of the mixing box and the current solution to them, and then analyzed the research progress of special diffuser, and last concluded a new solution to the terminal devices of cold air distribution system.
2.Mixing Box
Mixing box is used in combination with conventional outlet. It makes a cold air mixed with induction return air of the conditioned area in the mixing box, and then sent out by the conventional outlet, after reaching the temperature of conventional supply air. Mixing box is divided into the mixing box with a fan and the induced mixing box without fan. According to the arrangement of fan, the mixing box with a fan can also be divided into t andem mixing box and parallel mixing box.
2.1 The mixing box with a fan
Series hybrid box makes a cold air mixed with induction return air of the conditioned area, and then sent it to the interior conventional diffusers through the fan of mixing box. The structure shown in Fig.1. However, a cold air do not through the fan of mixing box in parallel hybrid box. And after the interior induction return air which was sucked by mixing box fan mixed with a cold air, it would be sent to interior through the conventional diffusers. The structure shown in Figure 2. The
mixing box with a fan is often used in low temperature air supply system because it’s easy to use, easy to adjust the air volume, etc. But the use of mixing box with a fan is restricted because of its disadvantages.
The main disadvantages of the mixing box with a fan are: 1. using the fan, the motor efficiency is not high and high energy consumption. 2. need to be installed in the ceiling, occupied building space. 3. the fan noise, affect the indoor environment. 4. repair and maintenance workload, and the high cost.
Ying Xiaoer developed a new mixing box with fan. This mixing box has double fans, the one is a low temperature blower and the other is indoor induced return fan. The low temperature blower sucks the cold air which was treated by the combined air-conditioning. Induced return fan absorbs indoor recirculated air, mixed with the cold air, and then sent to the air conditioning area. The structure shown in Fig 3. Performance test results showed that this new hybrid energy efficient than series hybrid box (Ying Xiaoer, Chen Yonglin & Ye Shuiquan, 2006).
Fig.1 Tandem mixing box Fig.2 Parallel mixing box
Fig.3 Mixing box with double fans Fig.4 The induced type mixing box
2.2 Induction type mixing box
Induction type mixing box based on ejector principle, the low temperature air supply will induce the return air to the mixing box, and then sent to the indoor diffuser after mixing. the structure as shown in figure 4. This kind of mixing box has the
advantages of low energy consumption, no moving parts, repair workload of the small, low noise. It can increase the air conditioning load because the mixing box induced draft in the ceiling. and because the injection wind around needs certain space, it brings certain difficulties to other equipment installed in the ceiling.
Yu Tingting simulated the flow and heat transfer of internal air of induction type mixing box, and studies the flow law of internal gas and its induced performance, drawed the conclusion as follows:
(1) the air flow pattern of the mixed box is in line with the basic law of the air jetmixing. The change of the speed of supply air and the change of sizes of the air inlet had no effect on flow law of internal gas of the mixing box.
(2) with the increase of primary air velocity, the induction ratio is increasing, mainly due to the small wind speed is easy to produce a wind short-circuit phenomenon, affecting. with the increase of wind speed, the induction ratio will goes to be stabilized.
(3)when the sizes of outlet and inlet changed, the induction ratio of mixing box will also change. the induction ratio will increase continually with the increase of port area of air outlet or inlet. The change of air outlet’s size has a great influence on the induction ratio (Yu Tingting & Wang Yi, 2012).
3.Special air diffuser
Special air diffuser for low temperature air supply is specially designed for low temperature air supply diffuser. Special diffuser has the advantages of no dew, satisfy indoor comfort requirements, low energy consumption. It is the most commonly used terminal device. But its high production costs of cold air distribution system. currently mainly imported low-temperature diffuser in china, as it’s price is too high, utilization of cold air distribution technology in practical engineering restricted.
In 1990s, American scientists have developed for nozzle type air diffuser and scroll diffuser, the structure of them as shown in Fig. 5 and fig. 6. In recent years, the domestic scholars have conducted many studies on special diffuser, and achieved certain results (Hua Zezhao, Liu Daoping, Wu Zhaolin & Wu Zhimin, 1997).
In 1997, Cai Deyuan has developed windmill-centrifugal fan induction-diffuser (as shown in Fig. 7). Based on the analysis of the test results and calculated, this model induced by type end has high induction ratio, and the indoor temperature and velocity distribution is uniform and stable, and there is no draft sensation and the noise is low in indoor (Cai Deyuan & Liu Yingqing, 1997).
In 2005, Shi Chuping ,who developed a swirling type cold air supply air diffuser (as shown in Fig.8), and tested and analyzed the performance of samples. The experimental study shows that, swirling type cold air diffuser has unique air supply mode, has a high induction ratio, can form the airflow uniform distribution and temperature distribution in air conditioning room. Used in conjunction with conventional air adjusting device, it can achieve good temperature regulating effect and energy saving effect. The wind temperature of the diffuser outlet is slightly higher than that of conventional air conditioning, it can avoid air condensation phenomenon caused by cold air. This kind of air diffuser has the advantages of simple structure, production, cost far less than induced fan box type terminal air supply device, it can be long-term trouble free operation, easy for users to accept (Shi Chuping, Xia Qingmei & Xiao Biao, 2006).
Fig.5 nozzle type diffuser Fig.6 vortex type diffuser
Fig.7 windmill-centrifugal fan induction-diffuser Fig.8 swirling cold air diffuser
4.Other solutions
In addition to improving the performance of mixing box and of exploiting new special diffuser, Chinese researchers also try to apply conventional outlet in the cold air distribution system by some technical means, and scholars have tried to use terminal devices that is made of special material in the cold air distribution system.
Ding Tao research the performance of the conventional double deflection grille, when it is applied to the cold air distribution system. he found that it can produce
satisfactory results by choosing appropriate wind speed of air supply, when the conventional double deflection grille is used in cold air distribution system (Ding Tao & Li Rui, 2002).
Zhang Zhili has carryed out experimental study of condensation characteristics of the three kinds of common outlet at low temperature, analyzed the mechanism of dewing of various air outlet according to the experimental phenomenon, and made soft-start control strategy for the use of the ordinary air outlet at low temperature. if achieving the soft-start, it can avoid condensation occurs in the surface of ordinary outlet by controlling the temperature of air supply according to air temperature (Zhang Zhili & Wang Dijun,2004).
Yin ping,who researched the condensation characteristic of conventional diffuser which was processed by super hydrophobic surface treatment technology. it shows that using the super hydrophobic materials processed conventional diffuser were not appear dew under various conditions (Yin Ping, Shen Guoli & Wang Hua, 2006).
Ji Zhaoliang studied the application characteristics of the fabric type terminal air supply device in cold air distribution system, and pointed out that the fabric type terminal air supply device can well solve the problem of draft sensation and the condensation. at the same time, the device also has the performance of environmental protection and other advantages. it is a very good terminal device for cold air distribution system (Ji Zhaoliang & Jiang Jian, 2009).
5.Conclusions
In this article, through reading and analyzing the literature about the terminal devices of low temperature air supply air conditioning system, I draw the following conclusions:
(1)Since supply air temperature of cold air distribution system is low, generally lower than the dew point temperature of the indoor air, it will dew on the surface of the outlet and affecting the indoor environment, when conventional terminal device is applied to cold air distribution system. In addition, since temperature of the supply air decreases, the volume of supply air is less than conventional air conditioning, it will make air change rate of the air conditioned room to reduce and the air to get worse, and affects quality of indoor air. Furthermore, because of the large temperature difference, it will happen that cold air sinks fast or hot air floats quickly when the supply air gets into the air-conditioned room. Distribution of cold and hot is uneven and the thermal comfort will go bad indoors. Improving air distribution and
preventing condensation on outlet’s surface is the key to cold air distribution system can be widely applied, and air terminal devices is a key factor affecting the indoor air distribution. Therefore, the study of terminal devices suitable for low-temperature air supply system is very important to the promotion of ice storage and cold air distribution conditioning system .
(2) At present, the domestic researches for terminal devices of cold air distribution conditioning system mainly focus on the following several aspects:
a. Improving mixing box
Enhancing the performance of mixing box and reducing its energy consumption.For instance, it will improve the efficiency of the mixing box by Changing the single fan to double fan. It can not only reduce energy consumption of the mixing box, but also improve the mixing box’s ability to regulate the amount of supply air, when replacing the ordinary fan by frequency conversion fans .
b. Developing new special air diffuser for cold air distribution system.
Domestic researchers had developed many practical special air diffuser for cold air distribution system through researching the characteristics of the jet, such as windmill-centrifugal fan induction-diffuser and swirling cold air diffuser and so on.At the same time, researchers also studied the performance of existing special air diffuser and found the way to improve it.
c. Finding the ways to use conventional terminal devices in cold air distribution system.
Conventional air terminal devices have many advantages, such as mature technology, low price, etc. Chinese researchers are seeking the possible ways to apply it to cold air distribution system. For example, it can avoid surface condensation on outlet to achieve soft-start when using conventional terminal devices in cold air distribution system, processing surface of the outlet by super hydrophobic surface treatment also can. However, researches are still in the basic stage in this area, more researches needs to be further expanded. Such as developing the method of soft-start strategy to cold air distribution system, improving treatment process,and the strength of the hydrophobic surface and so on.
d. Exploring the new way of air supply
In recent years, some scholars have proposed that the textile air distribution system is applied to cold air distribution conditioning system, and studied the performance of the textile air distribution system which is used in the cold air distribution system. And they found that it can solve the problems of cold air
distribution system well. It is very different from the traditional way of air supply, it can not only make indoor air distribution better, but also prevent condensation phenomenon does to occur. particularly suited to open space without the ceiling. It is one of the future development direction of the main air-conditioning technology.
References
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Ⅰ. Gone up → increased set up → established Put up with → tolerate looking into → investigating Figure out → determine put into practice → implement Come up with → developed make up → constitute Get rid of → eliminate keep up → maintain Gone down → decrease thinking → considering Ⅱ. Structure of Data Commentary Data commentaries usually has these elements in the following order. 1.location elements and/or summary statements 2.highlighting statements 3.discussions of implications,problems,exceptions,recommendations,or other interesting aspects of the data 可能涉及到排序题，有例如下： ①A computer virus is a program that is specifically and maliciously designed to attack a computer system,destroying data.②As business have become inceasingly dependent on computers,e-mail,and the Internet,concern over the potential destructiveness of such viruses has also grown.③Table X shows the most common sources of infection for U.S. businesses.④As can be seen, in a great majority of cases,the entry point of the virus infection can be detected,with e-mail attachments being responsible for nearly 9 out of 10 viruses.⑤This very high percentage is increasingly alarming,especially since with a certain amount of caution such infections are largely preventable.⑥In consequence,e-mail users should be wary of all attachments,even thoes from a trusted colleague or a known sender.⑦In addition,all computers used for e-mail need to have a current version of a good antivirus progarm whose virus definitions are updated regularly.⑧While it may be possible to lessen the likelihood of downloading an infected file,businesses are still vulnerable to computer virus problems because of human error and the threat of new,quickly spreading viruses that cannot be identified by antivvirus software. ①②→Theory and common beliefs. ③→The start ④⑤⑥⑦⑧→Implications Ⅲ.信息性摘要 An informative abstract,as its name implies,summarizes the key points in the RP.It is an overview that briefly state the purpose,methods,results and conclutions with quantitative information. 信息性摘要主要报道论文的研究目的、研究方法、研究结果与结论。它是论文全文的高度浓缩，相当于论文的简介或概要，但它又不是简单对原文篇幅进行按比例的缩减，而是要进行深入加工。 比较流行的信息性摘要架构有： ①Objective→Methodology→Results→Conclusions ②Background→Purpose and aim→Methods→Results→Conclusions ③Background+purpose→Methodology→Result→Conclusion
英语学术论文写作实践作业
英语学术论文写作实践作业 作者 系（院）外国语学院 专业英语 年级2xxx级 学号 写作意向 旅游的快速发展以及随着中国融入全球化经济，中国与世界各国的交流不断增多，例如，加入WTO、2008年北京成功举办奥运会及上海世博会等，这些显示了中国在国际舞台上扮演越来越重要的角色。近些年来，越来越多的国家希望了解中国，许多外国朋友纷至沓来。特别是中国旅游风景名胜区，每年接待的外国游客越来越多。为了方便外国友人，我国旅游景区就必须提供英语景点导游词。旅游景点导游词主要指的是旅游景区公开和面对旅游者的告示、指示、提示、警示、标示等文字及图形信息，涉及到食、宿、行、游、娱、购等日常生活的方方面面。在旅游景区内，游客最为集中，与旅游宣传册、地图、宣传单等相比，景点导游词更加引人注目集中，更加直截了当地发挥其信息指示功能。由于旅游景点导游词需要及时满足的是社会公众和旅游者的直接社会、行为和心理需求，也反映了生活在这个社会群体的整体文化素质、道德修养和精神面貌，是一个国家对外交流水平和人文环境的具体体现。因此其翻译质量将会响到游客的旅游线路、兴致、感受及印象，进而间接影响我国旅游业的发展。因此，对旅游景点导游词的特点、翻译策略进行探讨具有一定的现实意义。 资料的初步整理 对于英语景点导游词，许多中外学者都做出自己的研究，提出自己的观点。以下是中外学术界的众多研究和观点。 蔡媛媛（2007）《英语景点导游词的语言特点》一文中指出，英语景点导游词具有相应的功能特点。（1）指示性。指示性景点导游词主要是提供给公众一些信息服务，没有任何限制或强制在内，同时也不强制要求公众采取任何行动，其功能只是指示服务内容。因此，指示性景点导游词也被称为指导性或引导性景点导游词。这也是景点导游词最基本、最主要的功能。例如：One Way （单行线）、Tickets （售票处）、Department Store （百货商场）。（2）提示性。提示性景点导游词提示性景点导游词提醒公众注意某些事情，同时提示性景点导游词也并不针对特殊或个别人群。这类景点导游词应用非常广泛，通过提示性景点导游词可以了解什么该做什么不该做，但是这种提示性景点导游词并不具有强制性，公众可根据实际情况来选择执行或不执行。例如：Caution！Radiation（当心射线）、Watch Your Hand（当心夹手）、Don’t Touch（请勿手扶）。（3）限制性。限制性景点导游词对有关公众提出限制或约束的要求，希望有关公众为了大众的利益遵守一定的规则。多数情况下限制性景点导游词语气较为直接，一目了然，但不会让人感到强硬、粗暴或无理。例如：Athletes Only （运动员专用通道）、Large Vehicles Keep Right （大型车靠右）。（4）强制性。强制性景点导游词对有关公众有较大约束力，要求有关公众必须或不得采取任何行动或严格遵守规则。这类景点导游词的语言直接、强制，没有任何商量的余地。例如：No Parking （禁止停车）。 上面是学者对景点导游词特点的研究，对于翻译，颜莉（2008）《英语景点导游词的文体特点及汉英翻译》一文中说到，在进行景点导游词的汉英翻译前，应先了解英语景点导游词的文体特点，这样才能更加准确地将汉语景点导游词译为地道的英语表达方式。代博君（2010）在《景点导游词的语言特征及翻译策略》一文中指出，景点导游词的翻译应属于实用翻译，也称语用翻译。法国翻译理论家Jean Delisle 将语用翻译界定为：运用语用学知识对语用文
学术英语论文
英语学术论文作业 Hybrid Parallel Programming on GPU Clusters Abstract—Nowadays, NVIDIA’s CUDA is a general purpose scalable parallel programming model for writing highly parallel applications. It provides several key abstractions – a hierarchy of thread blocks, shared memory, and barrier synchronization. This model has proven quite successful at programming multithreaded many core GPUs and scales transparently to hundreds of cores: scientists throughout industry and academia are already using CUDA to achieve dramatic speedups on production and research codes. In this paper, we propose a hybrid parallel programming approach using hybrid CUDA and MPI programming, which partition loop iterations according to the number of C1060 GPU nodes in a GPU cluster which consists of one C1060 and one S1070. Loop iterations assigned to one MPI process are processed in parallel by CUDA run by the processor cores in the same computational node. Keywords: CUDA, GPU, MPI, OpenMP, hybrid, parallel programming I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, NVIDIA’s CU DA [1, 16] is a general purpose scalable parallel programming model for writing highly parallel applications. It provides several key abstractions – a hierarchy of thread blocks, shared memory, and barrier synchronization. This model has proven quite successful at programming multithreaded many core GPUs and scales transparently to hundreds of cores: scientists throughout industry and academia are already using CUDA [1, 16] to achieve dramatic speedups on production and research codes. In NVDIA the CUDA chip, all to the core of hundreds of ways to construct their chips, in here we will try to use NVIDIA to provide computing equipment for parallel computing. This paper proposes a solution to not only simplify the use of hardware acceleration in conventional general purpose applications, but also to keep the application code portable. In this paper, we propose a parallel programming
研究生英语学术论文写作基础杨炳钧参考答案 (1)
《研究生英语学术论文写作基础》教师参考 作者：杨炳钧 复旦大学出版社，2009年 第一部分学术论文基本构件及其写法 课前准备 【提示】该环节可以让学生充分表达自己的看法，对错可以先不判定，本章学完之后再回过头加以分析。 1) The Methods of Improve your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School 【解答】首先，这个标题有语法错误和大小写错误，应当修改为The Methods of Improving Your Oral English in Native Chinese-speaking School；其次，其中的代词your用得不合适，因为它是一种对话口吻，一般不适宜于学术论文；另外，标题中一般尽可能不用功能词，即介词、冠词、连词等。如果要改进这个标题，可以表达为Methods of Improving College Students’ Oral English in China等。 2) The study of Chinese Teaching in Thailand Overseas School 【解答】该标题修饰关系不清，大小写有误，study等多余。可以改进为Teaching Chinese in Schools in Thailand等。 3) A New Opportunity to the moral development of rural left-behind children
【解答】该标题大小写有误；new的用法值得考虑，因为除非已经有所谓的opportunity，否则就没有什么new；修饰关系也有问题，尤其是to用得不对。可以改进为Opportunity for the Moral Development of Left-behind Children in Rural Regions等。 4) The H2O2-biosensor based on PVP and Nano-Au 【解答】这个标题相对较好，但大小写还有问题，冠词多余，限定不够明确。可以修改为Developing H2O2-biosensor Based on PVP and Nano-Au等。 5) The identification of PCV2 Gene 【解答】该标题主要毛病是冠词多余，限定不够。如果是研究如何辨别，那么可以修改为How to identify PCV2 Gene?或Identifying PCV2 Gene等。 6) advantages and challenges of electroplating on Magnesium alloys 【解答】这个标题的问题是大小写不规范。应当修改为Advantages and Challenges of Electroplating on Magnesium Alloys等。 7) The impact of threatening information on pain recover time 【解答】按照英式大小写，该标题大小写是规范的，但recover的修饰关系不明确；另外，冠词the可以省略。修改为Impact of threatening information on pain recovery time或Impact of Threatening Information on Pain Recovery Time等。 8) The Issues of Copyright in Cyber-space 【解答】这个标题相对较好，没太大问题。可以把the省略。 9) Research on student’s achievement assessment in mathematics.
学术论文常用英语总结
再也不用愁SCI了，再也不愁论文中的英文怎么写了！！！英语学术论 文常用句型 英语学术论文常用句型 Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the Introduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined. 2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility
knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered. Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the .... is given. 4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ... 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.
大学学术英语课程教学论文
大学学术英语课程教学论文 随着我国经济的发展，国际间的合作日益增多，这就要求我们 在进行交流的过程中要充分熟悉的掌握国际通用语言英语。英语学习在当今学习中占有重要地位，英语学习逐渐出现了低龄化，高水平的现状。这就导致高中英语水平同传统的大学英语教学水平不能进行很好的衔接，高中学生英语水平表现出低龄化和英语高水平，因此需要大学英语教学作出适当的调整以满足当今大学英语教学的需要。同时国家 __门也已经通过下达重要文件的方式对大学英语教学进行改革 作出重要的指导。对培养能够进行国际化交流、国际化竞争、高素质人才的培养给予积极肯定。大英语学习中学术英语教学是英语教学中重要的组成部分，为学生进行研究制定的专门英语，它已经成为大学英语教学中不可缺少的组成部分。 在英语的用途中英语可以分成两大类，一种是学术英语，另一 种是职业英语。英语学习中学术英语同职业英语的不同点在于两者之间的使用目的不同。对于学术英语来说其在学习的过程中表现出较大的学术性，进行学术英语教学的目的主要是为了学生进行研究使用的。学术英语具有较高的水平。在学术英语学习中学术英语又可以分成专门的学术英语和通用学术英语。通用学术英语主要侧重各科英语学习中的共性，把提供学生在英语听力水平和书面交流水平作为重要的学习目标，使学生在学习中能够提高英语的使用能力。专门学术英语主
要是对特定的学科英语口语交流和书面表达、词汇语法研究提供重要的指导帮助。 英语学习在初高中阶段主要是为初步的了解英语语言文化，以及为进一步学习英语语言打下基础。在大学阶段由于学习涉及的专业课程较多，涉及领域水平较高，加之英语作为世界的通用语言在涉外专业的学习中起到重要的作用。有学者认为在大学阶段开展学术英语学习对于学生进行专业学习有重要的帮助，通过学术英语学习可以达到的提高专业英语的水平的目的。学生可以根据自身专业技术水平以及兴趣爱好采用研究型的学习方法进行学术英语学习。这有利于激发和维持学生学习英语较高的热情和劲头，大大的提升学习效率。随着国家间竞争形势的加剧，以及高等教育国际化的快速发展都要求我国大学英语教学需要重新进行定位，需要慎重考虑人才培养的各个方面间的内在联系。 学术英语无疑是我国进行高等英语教育中重要引导发展方向。学术英语作为专业英语中的重要组成部分在进行研究学习的过程中需要同通用英语进行更多的联系和交流以及相互之间进行互补。高等学院的教育领导机构应该针对大学英语教学中薄弱环节进行分析研究，制定一门过度课程将通用英语同专业英语进行有效的连接。学术英语的需求已经存在在大学英语教学中，我们应该做好提前准备给予学术英语以充分的重视，积极的开展研究学习，积极的推进学术英语
英文学术论文常用替换词
1. individuals, characters, folks 替换people , persons. 2. positive, favorable, rosy, promising, perfect, pleasurable, excellent, outstanding, superior 替换good. rosy ；adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的 3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill 替换bad（如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive 替换。） Adverse；adj. 不利的；相反的；敌对的（名词adverseness，副词adversely） 4. an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, a host of, if not most 替换many. if not most:即使不是大多数 5. a slice of, quite a few 替换some. a slice of:一片，一份 6. harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that 替换think。 harbor v/n庇护；怀有 7. affair, business, matter 替换thing. 8. shared 替换common . 9. reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits. 10. for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion. 11. Increasing, growing 替换more and more（注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.） 12. little if anything或little or nothing 替换hardly. 13. beneficial, rewarding 替换helpful. 14. shopper, client, consumer, purchaser 替换customer. 15. overwhelmingly, exceedingly, extremely, intensely 替换very. 16. hardly necessary, hardly inevitable…替换unnecessary, avoidable. 17. indispensable 替换necessary. 18. sth appeals to sb., sth. exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb. take interest in / sb. be interested in. 19. capture one's attention 替换attract one's attention. 20. facet, dimension, sphere 替换aspect. 21. be indicative of, be suggestive of, be fearful of 替换indicate, suggest, fear. 22. give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause. 23. There are several reasons behind sth. 替换…reasons for sth. 24. desire 替换want. 25. pour attention into 替换pay attention to. 26. bear in mind that 替换remember. 27. enjoy, possess 替换have（注意process是过程的意思）。 28. interaction 替换communication. 29. frown on sth 替换be against , disagree with sth. 30. as an example 替换for example, for instance. 31. next to / virtually impossible 替换nearly / almost impossible. 32. regarding / concerning 替换about. 33. crucial /paramount 替换important. 34. 第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）；
英文版通用学术英语论文格式样张
英文版通用学术英语论文格式样张 封面页
主要内容页 The Researches on Rs Method for Discrete Membership Functions ---------------subtitle(副标题12号字加黑右对齐) （空一行） ZHANG Xiaoya, LI Dexiang (题目14号字加黑居中) School of Management, Dalian University, P.R.China,116622 (10 号字居中) yuanfengxiangsheng@https://www.360docs.net/doc/d93712315.html, (10号字加黑) (空一行) Abstract Mizumoto used to advance a fuzzy reasoning method ,Rs, which fits the…… Key words IDSS, Fuzzy reasoning,……号字) (空一行) 1 Introduction (一级标题12号字加黑) We know that the approaches of implementation of intelligent decision support systems(IDSS)have become variable……(正文均用10号字) (空一行) 2 An Example According to the definition of Rs, we can construct the fuzzy relation matrix, as shown in table 1 Table 1 A Fuzzy Relation Rs (9号字加黑居中) U2U3 U10.00 0.10 0.40 0.70…… 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 …… 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 ……(表中用9号字) .….. ………………… (空一行)Figure 1 Functions of……(9号字加黑居中) 3 The Improved Method (空一行) 3.1 Method one (二级标题10号字加黑) ………… 3.1.1 Discussing about method one (三级标题10号字) ………… （空一行） 3.2 Method two…………
通用学术英语论文
Job and Ability: Chinese College Student s’Interpersonal Communication 求职与能力：中国大学生的人际交往 Students: Ye Ying Rui Course: English for Academic Communication Date: December, 2015 Course Paper Grade 2014
Introduction What is learnt in the university? Besides knowledge, the most major one is the interpersonal communication ability; university students should train various kinds of ability, for instance: People skills, grasp information ability, learning ability etc... Among them the cultivation of interpersonal communication is particularly important, great teacher of the revolution Marx has ever said: People are the total of different social relationships, everybody does not exist in isolation, and he must have the problem: how to make these relations, how to improve life quality, these will involve social ability .As important as interpersonal skills in the job, company think a lot of integrative ability especially social ability when recruit college students. However, according to the survey there are 59% college students have difficulty in interpersonal communication, and hard to get a job. Part One the Study of Chinese College Students’Interpersonal Communication Ability In the recently many companies held a fair in colleges all over the country, some corporate director said that employees' communication ability is the power that more and more crucial for enterprise in market competition to win, so more weight is given to a candidate's emotional intelligence. In the face of recruitment conditions, more and more college students feel the importance of interpersonal skills. With a vocational adaptability of college students, according to a survey, 41.98% of students think interpersonal skills training is helpful education content to find work, significantly more than the professional ability training (14.9%), basic knowledge and skills training (17.5%), and the psychological quality education (17.5%), and other abilities. The answer by choosing a career you feel what is lack of quality particularly, chooses interpersonal skills of up to 34.8%, rankling in the back, respectively is analysis and problem solving skills (28.8%), hands-on skills (25.9%), basic knowledge and skill (4.6%). What’s the most helpful ability when you apply for a job?