中世纪建筑 演示文稿203

拜占庭建筑最光辉的代表— —圣索菲亚大教堂
圣索菲亚大教堂成就
A．结 构 体 系
B．内 部 空 间 C．灿 烂 的 色 彩
圣索菲亚大教堂是拜占庭 式建筑最光辉的代表，是 东正教的中心教堂。是拜 占庭帝国极盛时代的纪念 碑。圣索菲亚教堂是集中 式的，东西长77.0米，南 北长71.0米。中央大穹隆， 直径32.6米，穹顶离地 54.8米，通过帆拱支承在 四个大柱敦上。其横推力 由东西两个半穹顶及南北 各两个大柱墩来平衡
外部形态

内部空间
灿烂的色彩
The Romanesque style
The Romanesque style spread from the south of Europe in the tenth and eleventh centuries. Romanesque churches have strong, short pillars, thick walls, small windows and rounded arches and bell towers. In general, there is not much decoration and sculpture is simple and rather severe .
The purpose of the style was mystical and spiritual, it looked up to heaven to reflect the divine light of God. Gothic cathedrals are technologically remarkable constructions and at the time were among the highest building in the world.
When is the Middle Ages ?

The Middle Ages：The European Middle Age lasted from the fall of the western Roman Empire in 490 until the Renaissance began in 1350. It is sometimes called the Age of Faith, since culture was dominated by the church and Christian belief. It was a time during which society suffered invasions and confusion and only gradually gained stability.
Pisa Cathedral
比萨斜塔
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture spread in the twelfth century in Paris and replaced Romanesque. This kind of building tend s to be higher, with more sharply pointed arches, and have spires instead of towers. Its windows are much taller, with colored glass usually showing stories from the bible.
拜占庭建筑成就
拜占庭建筑的主要成就就是创造了把穹顶支承在 四个或更多的独立支柱上的结构方法和相应的集 中式建筑型制。这种形制主要在教堂建筑中发展 成熟。
Byzantine
Byzantine architecture grew up in the Eastern Empire from the 15 century. Churches tend to be square or polygonal. And the greatest early Byzantine building is Santa Sophia in Constantinople, which was built as a church and then later became a mosque. There also a few Byzantine churches in western Europe such as Santa Vitale in Ravenna and St. Marks Cathedral in Venice . These churches are decorated with many mosaics showing scenes such as the life of Christ.
Three styles of architecture
• 拜占庭建筑(Byzantine)
•罗马风建筑(Romanesque)
•哥特式建筑(Gothic)
拜占庭建筑简史
4-----6世纪——是拜占庭帝国的强盛时期，也是拜 占庭建筑的最繁荣时期。它的建筑 在罗马遗产和东方经验的基础上形 成独特的体系。6世纪中叶，帝国 的极盛时期，造了一些庞大纪念性 建筑物。 7-----15世纪——封建分裂发展，拜占庭帝国瓦解 没落，建筑也渐渐式微，型制和 风格却趋向统一，影响了东欧。
巴黎圣母院