高考英语语法精品学案：专题4形容词与副词

形容词与副词是高考考查的热点，高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达，任何一项题目中都有可能涉及形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。

关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析；考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。

一、形容词、副词的主要功能
1．形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因等。

如：We find the boy considerate. (宾补)
He walked in the snow, cold and hungry. (伴随状语)
Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road. (原因状语)
2．副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。

其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。

如：
He spoke English fairly fluently. (修饰性状语)
Fortunately, none of them was hurt. (评注性状语)
His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. (连接性状语)
注意：
(1) 形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。

如：
He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。

He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家时又累又饿。

(2) 有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。

通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。

如：
Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem.
Personally, I don't think he will interview you.
(3)还有些副词起连接作用，使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。

常见的有：
意义例词
表示列举和顺序first(ly)，second(ly), then, next, finally, last
表示意义增补和引申also，besides，furthermore，moreover
表示意义等同equally, similarly
表示结果therefore, thus, consequently
表示换个说法rather, alternatively
表示意义转折instead，though, yet, however
表示让步anyhow, anyway
表示时间过度meanwhile, meantime
I am wrong. Similarly, you are to blame. 我错了。

同样地，你也该受到谴责。

Seize the chance. Otherwise you'll regret it. 抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。

They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves. 他们正玩得很开心，更精确地说，他们好像正玩得很开心。

He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program. 他忘了打开收音机，
因此错过了那个节目。

It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town. 可能下雪，但我无论如何要进城。

He said he would come; he didn't, though.
他说他要来，可是并没有来。

Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.
母亲去买东西；我打扫屋子。

二、形容词的位置
1．形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：
(1) 形容词短语作定语，定语后置。

如：
a language difficult to master, a leaning tower about 180 feet high
(2) 表语形容词(alike，alone，asleep，awake，alive等)作定语，定语后置。

如：a man alive。

有些表身体健康状况的形容词，如：well，faint，ill只作表语。

sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill若作定语意为“bad”。

(3) 用作定语，修饰由不定代词one，any，some和every构成的复合词，如anything，something等时，通常后置。

如：
I have something important to tell you.
(4) else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。

2．多个形容词及限定词等修饰同一个名词的顺序：
限定词数词形容词
名词
冠词前的形容词冠词、指示代词、名词所有格等序数词基数词
性质状态大小长短形状
颜色
国籍出版材
料质地
作用类别
all both
such the a
this another your
first
next one four beautiful good poor
large short square
new old
Chinese eastern
silk stone medical
writing
a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room
口诀巧记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。

(1) The husband gave his wife ____________ every month in order to please her.
A ．income all his
B ．his all income
C ．his income all
D ．all his income
【解析】
D
考查多个限定词的词序。

all 前位限定；
his 中位限定。

(2) The ___________________ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
A ．little white wooden
B ．little wooden white
C ．white wooden little
D ．wooden white little
【解析】A考查多个形容词修饰同一中心词的词序：大小＋颜色＋材料。

三、副词的分类
英语里的副词分为9类：时间、地点、方式、频率、程度、连接、关系、疑问和句子
副词。

常见的有：
1．时间副词
常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early,
today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately，already, just 等。

2．地点副词
常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。

3．频率副词
频率副词表示动作发生的次数，常见的有ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always 等。

4．程度副词
程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。

5．连接副词
常见的连接副词有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover，thus, meanwhile, when, why, where, how 等。

6．句子副词
句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily,。