北大考博英语基础词汇汇编(精华版)(1)

北大考博英语基础词汇汇编（精华版）Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.cross out wipe out desert/forsake/ leave / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /withdrawabide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover a dapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stayYou have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast/ fit in withabsorb He was absorbed in a book and didn t hear you call.engage/occupy/bend over/ be busy withabundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish a nd gameaccess In many schools, students don t have sufficient access to the library. Way/approach/solution/answer/Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at handHis words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance accord ing fit)I m in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /compl y with /conform to/be in proportion toaccount He asked no one s advice; he did it on his own account independently You have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respe ct/mindGive us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tal e/statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate)acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/sec ureactive He is very active in politics.Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiasticadapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fitaccustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be fa miliar with)admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traff ic delays.(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt)adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ampleadvantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of mon ey.Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returnsAim His aim is to win the game.Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destinationAmass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years.Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store upMass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/p ack/gangFigure/digit/measureambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intent uponamount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.Add up to/approximate/total/sum upThe future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money. sum/measure/quantity/price/valueangle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect/view/point of view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/idea/thought/conception/judgme nt/theory/outlookannounce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make knownanticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope foranything but The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at allThe apparent things might not tell of the truth.apparent obvious seeming evident clear plainapart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in additionHe was appointed member of the Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote forappeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/begapply Please apply to the secretary for further information.The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.approve Many people don t approve of the plan. disapprovelike/prefer/endorse/accept/think well ofarise The company s losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.Rise raise rouse arouse ariseOriginate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up fromartificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation.ashamed/shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/h umiliatingAshamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him.acquaint I m sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted w ith.associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with / relateI assume that success is a sum of mistakes.Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for grantedassure I can assure you of my support.confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promise You’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language.Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize completeattribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribeavoid You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour .Avoid shun escape evade keep away fromThe government has banned the used of chemical weapons.Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstructbargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain salebasis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year.China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other co untries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful ground foundationScientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.As soon as before the second the minute the moment You can’t blame all this on me.He is the last one to blame for the accident.Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemnboard He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /mealsboard/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ boast You should not boast of your success. Brag /show offboom Production boomed.Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/pro sperbrief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". shortWe are bound for London. Head makeThe weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going toThere are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restrictioncall This situation¬¬¬¬_____________ for prompt action. (ca lls in calls at calls on calls for)They have called off their engagement.She was calm when I told her of the terrible news.Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peacefulWe should not doubt his capability.Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiencyBefore you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends.Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupationThere is no reason why we should not carry on with it.Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in processcase In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on co nditioncenter She centered her attention on the problem.Focus concentrate fixcharge The charge against him was severe. nSentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilty/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgmentSince the situation is changing, let’s take some _____ measures to deal with it.flexible changeable changingIf I had the choice, I would retire at thirty.Selection/preference/option/alternativeNo one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it.cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive.Stick adhere hold grasp keepclose The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthe m（国歌）.Listen and look closely, you’ll find it out.A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with t heir creativity.Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof key combine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water.blend mix mingle fuse unite couple joincomment I m afraid I can t comment on your work just yet. Remarkcriticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remark commit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicateCompare this with that, and you will see which is the better. ContrastPoets have compared sleep to death.She is lovely beyond compare.comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison.I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year. Comparable/comparativecompel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push promptHe has formed a good habit.Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/b uildAssemble/manufacture/produceNext year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Requiredcompose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprise comprehensive /ComprehensibleShe has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. Aware Considerate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christma s card.Difference between them:Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympatheticConsiderable/much/important/great/significant/powerfulcontend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil. Argue/struggle/fight/quarrelOur journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villag es.continuously vs continuallyconvey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. expresscope Poor Mary！ She has so much to cope with.deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up withhandle treatcorrespond This word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one.count Her opinion counts because of her experience.Matter be of importance significant have the last wordDon’t count on a salary increase this year.believe depended count confide rely depend bankcritical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn t be so critical of its spending reductions. ExpenditureCrucial urgent pressing decisiveIronic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcasticcure This medicine should cure you of your cold.Remind relieve inform deprive rob breakIt is not my custom to give in. Custom habit use practice manner way pat tern tendency fashion routine natureThe damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair. destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agon y distressgrieve /hurt / impair/ abuse /plague/ epidemic/debris/trash/junk/rubbish decline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries.Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reducedeep They dived deep into the ocean.She was deeply interested in classical music.degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extentdeem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying.think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/re flect/think overA good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm.Demand/require/call fordeny They denied her the opportunity to see her father.refuse decline rejects turn down say no todie She died of an illness; and he died a beggar.The storms are dying down.The noise of the car died away in the distance.The members of the family had all died off.This species has died out.Can you describe what he looks like?Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tellThey were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties.Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/seriousShe was in his eyes a devoted mother.Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealousThe sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea.Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / give away/throw away/cast off/get rid ofdisplay We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display.Her writings display natural talents.Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose presentdistinct Mice are distinct form rats.Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilarLong sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style.Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive directThe light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another. distinguish tell separate divideHe is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field.Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/r ecognized/prominent/important/superiorIn the dark I could only discern the outline of the building.Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/sp y/beholddiverse There are people from diverse cultures at the party. different various comprehensiveHe refused to disclose his name and address.Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betrayThey drew up the contract and presented it to the management.The train drew in/into the station. pulldraw pull drag push heave lift hauldraw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoingShe drove her car into the forest.Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/rideDon’t discourage her; she is doing her best. Vs encourageDiscourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stopThe shoes are expensive but durable.Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strongIt is your duty to go.Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/offic e/rolebusiness/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/emplo yment/effortHe is living an easy life now. comfortableIt is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones.economic/economical/economyHe went to a very good elementary school.elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/i nitial/primitiveSince 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect.The acid has no effect on the metal.The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March.A sentence of ten years imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a lif e sentence.He is not likely to give effect to his threat.effect force power practiceShe encouraged him to take this examination.Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspireend Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.I ve warned you no end of times not to touch that machine.I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.He had approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he w as at his wit s end.黔驴技穷We ended the diner up with fruit and coffee.When the reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall.The argument between the two men ended in a fight.The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.He s entitled to a pension, but he won t dream of retiring yet.entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empowerThe soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.equip provideThey have the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. incl usiveMy wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.exert practice exercise impose availHe is one of the greatest contemporary writers.Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recent He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. live face comeDevotion is essential for work.Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispen sableCompulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgentNothing is everlasting.Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/for go odThe bird extended its wings in flight.Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnifyHer nose is a very attractive feature.Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/markAre you in favor of women taking part in politics?In the favorThe international situation is favorable to us. AdvantageousPanic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approach ing menacingly.Tension Excitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil ri otAfter Tom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driv ing license.The children hid in the house and ate their fill.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shudd ersThere are fine distinctions between the two.fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificantMichael found it difficult to get his British jokes across to American audienc e.Understand comprehend catch on getHe gave a gift for my birthday.give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver /deal out/hand out/turn inHe had a good house, a good wife and a good job.Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decentThey grouped together in fours.arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/cato rgerize/estimateWhen he was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what was ha ppening around him. Hang loaf loiterhit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come acrossHer new film is quite a hit. successThe rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affecthold She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.I think he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits. HideShe always holds to her convictions.The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction.Road works on the highway are holding up traffic.There was something wrong with the traffic signal. Our bus was ______ for near ly half an hour.A. held onB. held backC. held outD. held upidentical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. the same asIf only I were rich！Only if I am rich, I can do what I want.Immoral vs amoralHe deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors.（不道德的）It was he that initiated this project.Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the iceIncentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize. (excitement initiative motive entertainment)We are in for trouble.He know the ins and outs of the problem.Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.A good teacher should be impartial to his students.Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconc erned indifferentThis car is inferior to the one I bought last year.inferior superior senior junior similar priorThe author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature .intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuitionNo doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets.intangible invisibleinterfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people s affairs, you wi ll regret it.He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed.testified witnessed justified identified notify specifykeep I can t understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself.Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time.I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer science.If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to keep ______it. (to / up o n)keep/have/hold/maintain/preserve/conserve/save/tend/protect/guard/sustain/upho ld/bear/posessThey did not only lack water, they also lacked in courage.Want/be in need/ fall shortlarge The dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. By and large, the company has been good to me.This is law and you can’t change as you wish.rule/principle/stamdard/formula/act/decree/regulation/legislation/lawmaking/re solution/statuteShe saw a notice “ apartment to let”.Let/rent/lease/charter/contract/agreementShe is the one that laid out the town.He was laid off for his ill performance.liable likely probable liable responsible accountable answerablePeople who walk on the grass are liable to a fine of 5 dollars.She liked the black dress and bought it although it was very expensive.Like/prefer/fancy/take to/enjoy/care for/be fond ofThe football match was televised live from the workers’ stadium.alive live life lively living lovelyI am not sure of the exact location of the café.Location/position/place/area/zone/territory/district/section/neighborhood/spot /site/situationRecent research has shed/cast/thrown new light on the causes of the disease.The mansion was splendid.Splendid/magnificent/grand/majestic/superb/exquisite/marvelous/wonderful/glorious/imposing/impressive/brilliant/phenomenal/exceptional/remarkable/mira culousI can’t make out what she want s.The ship made for the open sea.What are we to make of his behavior?Nothing can make up for the loss of a life.He has made it up with her.A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda.Mentioned quoted referred tomood I am not in the ______ for joking. sentiment emotion mood feeling s entimentality sensation sense sensitivitynerve My children are always getting on my nerves.Can you really afford this amount?Amount/sum/quantity/number/portionA (large) number of problems have arisen.The number of books stolen from the library is large.The marks were below average.Average/middle/medium/normal/ordinary/moderate/halfway/regular/usualThe method is ok; the problem is the procedure.method/way/approach/manner/means/fashion/style/procedure/process/course/plan/s cheme/design/The mutual benefit. Mutual/reciprocal/common/jointobserve You’ve got to ______ the laws of the land.Abide by/follow/obey/comply withoccur Has it ever occurred to you that those twins are quite different from e ach other in many ways?We can afford to overlook these minor offenses.Overlook/neglect/forget/miss/ignore/skip/disregard/pass overown Do you mean you have left her to do that on her own?He’d like a car of his own.Nobody owned up to the theft.This is a painstaking effort. CarefulThey walked the path every morning.Path/route/line/road/track/trail/way/journey/excursion/voyage/trippeculiar That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this small part of the country.distinctive / typical/ characteristic/ representative/ special/ particular / u nique / notable/ particularThe government gets a(n) ____ from taxes.income revenue fund payment wages finance budget expenditure persist It should be obvious to you that if you persist in bothering him, he will get angry with you.I shall be very _____ if you could do me a favor.pleasing pleasant grateful thankful pleased gracious generous point She was just on the point of going away when Betty came in.As I was in a hurry I asked him to come to the point at once.There s no point in arguing further.He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the point.It is very rude to point at people in the street.If/when it came to the point, would you sacrifice your job for your principles ?popular populous populatedA game that is very popular among/with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race.The child showed great _______of mind by grabbing the falling baby.courage calmness presence bravery boldness willpreside The chairman presided at/over the meeting last Friday.Virtue will prevail over evil.prevail triumph winIn private/ in secret / in personMatters like this are best discussed in private.They are privileged people in the society.Privilege/ right/ liberty/ freedom/advantage/license/ honorShe gave him a prompt reply.quick rapid fast prompt punctual instant immediate readyThe _______ of finding jobs this year are not so good. (expectation promises future prospects)provided on condition save unless given suppose sayI will agree to go provided/providing that my expenses are paid.put She’s put a tidy sum for her retirement.They decided to put aside their differences.She help her put the toys away.She is putting radical proposals for the economic reform.We had to put off our wedding until September.We can put you up for the night.I don’t know how she can put up with him/his cruelty to her.Racial problems exist in everyday life.Race/breed/people/fold/tribe/nation/culturerange scope extent His speech ranged over a number of topics.Range/limit/distance/length/scope/extent/reach/field/spherereach All these were within the reach of the ordinary men.Put that bottle of weed-killer out of the reach of the children.He reached for his gun.Her requirements are reasonable.Reasonable/sensible/fair/logical/just/sound/rational/practical/realistic/justi fiableMy favorite recreation is chess.Recreation/amusement/entertainment/play/pleasure/enjoyment/relaxation/pastime/ funThey had to seed refuge from the storm.Refuge/shelter/asylum/protectionI have registered for the English course.Register/record/enroll/list/enter/sign/fill out a formreceive acceptI hear that John has _____ a new position at the travel agency.red black A large number of American radio stations operate in the red. regard Motion means change of position of an object in/with regard to the pos ition of some other object or objects.I have little information as regards his past.She said nothing regarding your request.Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.They helped solve the problems in high ______ to the living conditions of the people.(attention regard intention stress)relevant His age isn t relevant to whether he is a good teacher.Reluctant Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study s ubjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. Unwilling remedy The doctor soon found a remedy for the boy s illness.Cure/heal/treat/mend/correctrespect With respect to your requests, we regret that we are unable to assist you in this matter.Respect/adore/appreciate/honor/admire/look up to/fall for/be crazy aboutIn this respect the film is a failure.respectful respective respectable respectedTeams of rescue have been sent out to look for the missing members of the crew .His limp is the result of an accident.Result/consequence/end/effect/outcome/fruit/produce/conclusionrisk He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.He was ready to run(take) the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.The future of the whole company is at risk.Risk/chance/gamble/endanger/exposeThey rose up against foreign invaders.Rebel revolt riotI’ve been on the run all day, and I am exhausted.I ran across/into my old friend in Paris last week.We are running out of time.He ruled over his kingdom successfully for twenty years.Rule/govern/control/dominate/head/lead/manage/direct/supervise/administer/orde r/instructGuide/influence/handle/regulatescale Synthetic rubbers are now being produced on a large scale.scratch He threw away everything he had written and started the novel again f rom scratch.I’ll have to see about getting the roof mended.We all went to the airport to see her off.。