毕业论文-保护气体对金属粉芯型药芯焊丝溶滴过渡和飞溅的影响研究

I 保护气体对金属粉芯药芯焊丝溶滴过渡和飞溅的影响 摘 要 金属粉芯型药芯焊丝相对于普通焊条或焊丝具有生产效率高，溶敷速度快，焊缝质量较好等优势。金属粉芯焊丝现已在全国各地焊接工程施工中得到广泛应用，这种焊

丝通常采用CO2或者Ar+CO2气体保护焊接，还可通过调整金属粉芯的成分，向焊缝中加入不同的合金元素，以满足不同材料焊接的需要。各国对金属粉芯型药芯焊丝进行了大量的试验研究其中电弧物理特性，特别是溶滴过渡特征，是影响焊丝工艺性和接头质量的重要因素，所以对金属粉芯型药芯焊丝溶滴过渡和飞溅的研究具有重要意义。 本文采用高速摄像法，对金属粉芯型药芯焊丝的溶滴过渡形态、飞溅进行了试验分析。研究结果表明:金属粉芯型药芯焊丝的溶滴过渡形式为:短路过渡、排斥过渡、细颗粒过渡、爆炸过渡。 金属粉芯型药芯焊丝的飞溅形式主要为:气泡放出型飞溅、电弧力引起的飞溅、溶滴爆炸引起的飞溅、缩颈飞溅、电爆炸飞溅。

随着Ar的增加CO2气体的减少，溶滴过渡以细滴颗粒过渡为主，短路过渡次之，随着过渡的进行大滴排斥过渡和爆炸过渡出现的次数减少。在此过程中溶滴尺寸逐渐变小，过渡的频率加快。 随着Ar气体的增加CO2气体减少，飞溅以缩颈飞溅和电爆炸飞溅在一个周期内出现的次数多。气泡放出型飞溅和溶滴爆炸引起的飞溅在减少，并且在此过程中飞溅量逐渐减小。

关键词：金属粉芯型药芯焊丝，溶滴过渡形态，飞溅，高速摄像

II

SHIELDING GAS FOR METAL CORED FLUX CORED WIRE MELTING DROPSAND SPIASHING EFFECT TRANSITION ABSTRACT Metal cored type flux cored wire with respect to the common electrode or wire with high efficiency, deposition speed, better weld quality and other advantages.Metal cored wire welding has been widely used in construction throughout the country, this wire usually CO2 or Ar + CO2 gas shielded welding, but also by adjusting the composition of the metal powder core to weld with different alloying elements to meet the needs of different materials to be welded.States metal cored type flux cored wire a large number of experimental studies, in which the physical characteristics of the arc, in particular droplet transfer characteristics, is an important factor affecting the quality of welding processes and joints, so that the metal powder type flux cored wire core melt globular transfer and research splash of great significance. In this paper, high-speed imaging method, droplet transfer form metal powder core flux cored wire, spatter analyzed experimentally. The results show that: the droplet transition form metal powder core flux cored wire is: short circuit transfer, rejection transition, the transition of fine particles, drop shot transition, transition explosion. Splash in the form of metal cored type defended cored wire mainly: air-releasing type splash, splashing arc force caused by the splashing droplet explosion caused by constriction splash, splash electrical explosion.

Ar increases with decreasing CO2 gas dissolved particles of fine droplets drip transition to transition-based, short transition followed, with the transition of large droplet explosion transition transitions and reducing exclusion. In this process,the fine particles gradually. With the increase of CO2 gas Ar gas reduction, splash in the constriction and electrical explosion splash splashing in a cycle appears more often. Air-releasing type explosion splashes and droplets of the solution in reducing splash and spatter amount gradually decreases in the process.Accelerate the transition frequency. III

Keywords: metal powder core wire, droplet transfer forms，splash, high speed photography

IV 目 录

摘 要 ................................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................................... II 第一章 绪论 ........................................................... 1 1.1研究背景和意义 ................................................... 1 1.2金属粉芯型药芯焊丝国内外现状 ..................................... 1 1.3课题的目的和内容 ................................................. 3 1.4药芯焊丝溶滴过渡和飞溅特征 ....................................... 4 第二章试验材料及方法 .................................................... 7 2.1实验材料 ......................................................... 7 2.2实验设备和方法 ................................................... 8 第三章实验数据结果与分析 ............................................... 11 3.1金属粉芯型药芯焊丝溶滴过渡及其特征 .............................. 11 3.1.1短路过渡 .................................................. 11 3.1.2大滴排斥过渡 .............................................. 11 3.1.3细滴颗粒过渡 .............................................. 13 3.1.4爆炸过渡 .................................................. 14 3.2金属粉芯型药芯焊丝焊接飞溅及特征 ................................ 14 3.2.2缩颈飞溅 .................................................. 15 3.2.3溶滴爆炸引起的飞溅 ........................................ 16 3.2.4电弧力引起的飞溅 .......................................... 17 3.2.5电爆炸飞溅 ................................................ 17 3.3保护气体对溶滴过渡模式的影响 .................................... 18 3.4保护气体对飞溅模式的影响 ........................................ 20 第四章 结论 ............................................................ 23 参考文献 ............................................................... 24 致谢 ................................................................... 26 中文翻译 ............................................................... 27