情态动词的常考点
高考英语情态动词和虚拟语气考点总结及真题解析

考点13 情态动词和虚拟语气【命题解读】英语中常用的情态动词主要有can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should,ought to,dare,need,used to,had better等。
在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点:同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况;情态动词后跟各种形式的用法;尤其要注意"情态动词+完成式"是高考中的重点所在。
对虚拟语气的考查重点在于根据句子的语境灵活多样地运用虚拟语气,宾语从句中虚拟语气的应用,交际用语中为表示委婉而使用的虚拟语气,含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气,以及特殊句型中的虚拟语气等。
【命题预测】情态动词是2021年各地高考试题中的必考项目,每年高考单独命题区的单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。
新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。
考点依次是:推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。
试题的立意不偏不怪,但有效信息越来越隐蔽,语境越来越真实,考查角度越来越细致,这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。
情态动词和虚拟语气与动词的时态和语态相结合的考查是近年来高考的趋势。
【复习建议】情态动词:1. 掌握情态动词的基本用法;2. 掌握情态动词表达"情感、态度、语气等"方面的用法。
虚拟语气:1. 掌握虚拟语气的基本用法;2. 掌握含蓄虚拟条件句的用法;3. 掌握主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句的用法;情态动词考向一情态动词的基本用法1)can,could与be able to1.表示能力,意为"能,会"。
☞Many people can use the computer.许多人会用电脑。
☞If you have a good sleep,you will be able to work out this problem.如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题。
☞I could have worked out the problem,but I was too nervous.我本来可以解决这个问题,但我太紧张了。
九年级英语情态动词知识点讲解PPT课件

could 意为“很可能”,语气强于may
The story book could be Li Ping's.He likes reading stories.
must can
意为“必定,一定”,语气最 强烈
表可能性,时常用在疑问句中
The book must be Lucy's.Her name is on the cover.
A.can;may
B.must;have to
C.may;must
D.mustn't;must
【温馨提示】专题训练见《强化训练册》B53
—Yes,I can.
A.must
B.should
C.need
D.can
( B )7.(2019·孝感)—May I join the art club,Dad?
—If you have interest,you ________.
A.should
B.can
C.have to
D.must
( C )8.(2019·兰州)The magazine ________ Lucy's.We can see her name on the
—Where can my pen be?—It may be in your desk.
2.情态动词表示否定推测的用法 (1)can't 表示否定推测,语气强烈,意为“一定不;不可能”。如: That can't be Miss Gao.She has gone to Shanghai.那不可能是高老师。她 去上海了。 (2)may not 也表示否定推测,语气不确定,意为“可能不是”。如: It may not be my pen.这可能不是我的钢笔。
英语情态动词的用法

初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形;1. can 的用法:1.表示能力、许可、可能性; 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它;如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能;I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看;2.表示许可,常在口语中;如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典;3.表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”; 如:Can the news be true 这个消息会是真的吗—Can it be our teacher 那个人有可能是我们老师吗—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能;咱们老师正在游览长城呢;例题—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. —No. She __be there, I have just been there.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t解析根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“ 不可能”, can’t 表示推测答案 A2. could的用法:1.can的过去式,意为“ 能、会”,表示过去的能力;如:He could write poems when he was 10.2. could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思;如:Could you do me a favour 你能帮我个忙吗—Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的钢笔吗—Yes, you can.可以;注意回答3. may的用法:1.表示请求、许可,比can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike 我可以借你的自行车吗You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了;例题—_______ I borrow your MP3 —Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would解析在此处表示请求,意为“ 做……可以吗”;答案:A2 .表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许”,一般用于肯定句中; 如:It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨;She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.3 .may的过去式为might ,表示推测时;可能性低于may; 如:He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了;4 . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”;通常是用may +主+V 例如:May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快; May you be happy 祝你幸福May you succeed祝你成功4. must的用法:1.must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、一定”; 如:You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿;MustI hand in my homework right now 我必须现在交作业吗2 其否定形式mustn’t表示“ 一定不要” “千万别” “禁止, 不许”. 如:You mustn’t play with fire. 你不许玩火;You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到;3对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to .如:—Must I finish my homework 我现在必须完成作业吗—No, you needn’t.不,你不必;4must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句;如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家;注意其反意问句的构成形式:当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成;如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she 注意反意疑问句的后半部分You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you 注意反意疑问句的后半部分5. need的用法:1.need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“没有必要,不必”; 用need 提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to; 如:—Need I stay here any longer 我还有必要留在这儿吗—Yes, you must .是的;—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不, 你不必;2.need 还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式;如:I need to do it rightnow. 我需要马上做这件事;He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩;如果是物作主语,一般用need doing 与need to be done这种情况下应注意两点:①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变;例如:. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下;Your car needs mending. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了;6. dare 的用法:dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need,有两种词性:1dare 作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时;如:Dare he tell them what he knows 他敢告诉他们所知道的情况吗I daren’t ask her – will you do it for me 我可不敢问她,你能帮我问问吗2dare 作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化;如:He doesn’t dare to break his promise.他不敢食言;注意:在口语中,dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用;如:Do you dare tell her what I said你敢告诉她我说的话吗I didn’t dare look at him.我不敢看他;7. shall 的用法:shall表示征求对方意见多用于第一、三人称,如:Shall we go out for a walk 我们出去散步好吗在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见;1.用“Let's do...”来提出建议;如:Let's go for a walk after supper.2.用“What/How about... ”来提出建议;about后接名词或动词ing形式;如:What about/How about a drink What about/How about taking Tom with us3.用“Why not... ”来提出建议,表示“何不……”not面后接动词原形;“Why not... ”实际上是“Why don't you/we... ”的简略形式;如:Why not meet at the school gate at eight Why don't we stay here another day4.用“Would you like... ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要……吗”Would you like后可接名词或不定式;如:Would you likea cup of tea Would you like to go and see her因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗”英语中可有这样几种表达法:Shall we go for a swim Let's go for a swim,shall we What about/How about going swimming Why not go for a swim Would you like to go for a swim What do you think of going for a swim8. should的用法:1.should 意为“应该” ,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等; 如:We should protect the environment.2Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评;如:You should have finished your homework.你应该已经完成作业了;事实上你没有完成;9. will 的用法:will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称;如:I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.注意:1、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换;由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示,所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be;一定不能说there will have例如:There are many students in our school. →There will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说:There will have a sports meeting next week.2、will 与be going to do sth区别:①. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.②. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情;He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.③. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思,如:She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.④.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用will, If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you10. had better 的用法:had better 意为“最好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to 的不定式,其否定形式为:had better not;如:We had better go now. 我们最好现在就走;You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他;1.对may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustn’t. No, you can’t.2.对must引出的疑问句,回答方式为:Yes, …must. No,… needn’t/ don’t have to.3.could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思;如:Could you do me a favour 你能帮我个忙吗—Could I use your pen 我能用一下你的钢笔吗—Yes, you can.可以;注意回答4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称, 表示征求对方意见或客气的请求;其回答方式有以下几种:Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you…的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. No, I won’t.Sure . I’m sorry , I can’t.All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. No, thank you .Yes, please.例题—Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily —________.A.That’s rightB.With pleasureC.It doesn’t matterD.No trouble解析A. 意为“对了” ,B.意为“ 乐意效劳”, C. 意为“ 没关系” D.意为“不费事”;答案:B1.1.can’t可译为“不会”, 如:I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球;2当句子表推测时,用can’t 表达不可能, 如:He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢;3can’t 还可用来回答“ May I … ” 这样的问句; 如:May I come in 我可以进来吗No, you mustn’t. / can’t. 不,你不能;4can’t 还可用于固定习语中;can’t help doing 禁不住,…情不自禁…can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待…如:She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来;The children can’t wait to open the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子;2. may的否定式为may not,译成“ 可能不”,如:He may not be at home. 他也许不在家;3.1mustn’t 表示不许,不可;如:He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间;You mustn’t ta lk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话;2 mustn’t 也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中;如:—May I stand here 我可以站在这里吗—No, you mustn’t can’t. 不,不行;4.1needn’t 意为“ 不必”;如:You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to.你不需要见他,除非你愿意;2needn’t + have+ 动词的过去分词,表不需要完成但已完成的动作,暗含时间或精力上的浪费;如:You ne edn’t have bought it. 你没必要买它但你却买了;5. shouldn’t 表示不应该;如:You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴;考点四:情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为:情态动词+ be + done 动词的过去分词;做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面;如:You needn’t get up so early every day.你不必每天都起这么早;She shouldn’t speak to her mother in that way.她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话;More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木;Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看不到,因为它们离我们太远了;一、“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在的推测;1、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句;如:That man can't be her husbandshe is still single.Who is knocking at the door Can it be the postman2、must表示肯定的推测,一般用于肯定句中;如:He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now, for the lights in his office are still on.3、might 表示推测时不一定是may的过去时,只是表示其可能性较小;如:The man may be the headmaster.—Where is Mr Li —He might be working in his office. —May Mr Li come —He might not come here.4、Could表示推测时,语气can比要弱,说话者留有余地;如:—Could it be an animal —It could not be, because it is not moving.5、Should表示推测的可能性比较大,仅比must的可能性小一点;如:It is already 10 o’clock now they should be there.二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的推测性用法;1、“must +have done/been------”表示“过去一定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”,不用于“musn’t+have-----”形式;如:She must have seen the film before,hasn’t she 注意反意疑问句的后半部分You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you 注意反意疑问句的后半部分2、“should +have done /been-------”表示“本应当做某事,而实际上并没有做”;“shouldn’t+完成式”表示“本来不应当做,而实际上却做了”;以上结构常带有说话者的责备的感情色彩;如:You should have finished your homework earlier but in fact you did not finish it on time.You shouldn’t have gone to bed when you woke up at five but in fact you went to bed again then.3、“needn’t+完成式”表示“本来没有必要做某事,而实际上却做了”;如:There was plenty of time. She needn't have hurried .4、“can’t /couldn’t+have done /been-------”表示“过去不可能发生了某事或存在过某种状态”;如:I saw him just now. He can’t have gone to Japan.She said the man couldn’t have stolen her car.5、“could+have done/been-------”表示“过去本来能够,可以做某事或成为某种状态,而实际上没有”,说话者有些遗憾;“could sb. have done /been------- ”是它的问句形式;如:You could have stayed with the Smiths while you were in New York but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel . Could Mr Li have helped this girl student6、“may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能,本来可以于某事而实际上没有干”,might的可能性较小,语气较弱;如:He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help,however bus she was.易混点一: can和be able to:两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形“can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to 来表示;另外be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事;如:Jim can’t speak English.吉姆不会说英语;He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语;We’ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他;He has been able to drive. 他已经会开车了;I’m sure you’ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成;We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶;易混点二:can和may1. can 和may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用;如:Can/ May I help you2. can 和may 表示可能性时的区别:1在肯定句中用might,may,must,不用can2在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用might,may,must3 在否定句中用can’t不可能, 不用may, must; 如:She may be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里;Where can they be now 他们现在可能在哪儿That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的;易混点三: may be 和maybe用法区别常用位置may be may为情态动词, be为动词原形句中,作谓语maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语例如:He may be wrong , but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定;易混点四:can’t 和mustn’t1. can’t 根据其基本用法可译为:1不会;如:I can’t speak English . 我不会说英语;2不能;如:We can’t do it now because it’s too dark.天太黑了,我们现在干不了;3否定句中表示推测;“不可能”,如:The man can’t be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher.. 那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多;2. mustn’t 意为“ 禁止、不许”, 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气; 如:You mustn’t play football in the street.It’s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了;易混点五:must 和have to1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要;have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时;如:I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习;My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night.我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来;I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend.我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了;He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作;2. have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在或将来;如:The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成;易混点六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do…/ be used for doing sthused to do 表示过去常常发生的动作, 强调过去,只用于过去,注意用to do,不用doing形式;而be used to doing 意为“习惯做…”, be 可有各种时态;be used to do 意为“……被使用去做……,”为被动语态形式;be used for doing sth“用作……”如:My father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚,但现在不得不早起了;She is used to eating meat.她习惯吃肉;He wasn’t used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭;A knife can be used for cutting things.刀可以用来割东西/ A knife can be used to cut things.刀可以用来割东西2013河南26. —Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green—Yes, I'm afraid we______ .That's the traffic rule.A. canB. mayC. have toD. need答案C解析考查情态动词的用法;由上文句意“我们必须等到灯变绿吗”和下文句意“那是交通规则”可知,我们必须要等到灯变为绿色;have to“不得不”,强调客观上的要求;2013河北34._ I see your ID card, sir We have to check your information.A. MayB. MustC. ShouldD. Need答案A解析考查情态动词的运用;向别人请求许可可用can,may;根据句意,“我可以看一下你的身份证件吗我们不得不核实你的信息;”可知此处表示请求许可,故答案应选A;2013 甘肃白银37. Finish your homework first, then you’ll _______ watch TV for an ho ur.A. canB. be able toC. able D could答案B 考查助动词用法; will是助动词,其后应该用动词的原型,故选B;2013广东梅州35.—Amy, I hear you’ve got many foreign coins. ______ I have a look —Of course, I’ll fetch them for you. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need答案A解析考查情态动词的用法;句意:——艾米,我听说你有很多外国硬币;我可以看一下吗——当然了;我拿给你看;May I… 用于向对方提出建议或请求,意为“我可以……吗”;故选A;2013天津37.— Where are you going this month — We______ go to Xiamen, but we're not sure.A. needn’tB. mustC. mightD. mustn't答案C解析考查情态动词表推测;A“不必”表建议;B“一定”表猜测的可能性很大;C“可能,也许”表不是很肯定的猜测;D“不允许”表命令;句意:——这个月你们将去哪——我们或许去厦门,但还不确定;2013山东威海33. —May I go out for a while, Mom —No, you . You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn'tB. needn'tC. mustn'tD. won't答案B解析考查情态动词的用法;句意:妈妈,我可以出去一会吗不,你不能; 你必须首先完成你的作业;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必要;mustn’t一定不能,表示明令禁止;won’t将不能;根据答语,你必须首先完成你的作业,可知不同意出去玩;故选B;2013山东莱芜28. Students in our school ________ know shouting is not allowed in the library.A. canB. mayC. mustD. need答案C解析考查情态动词用法辨析;can可以;may也许;must必须;need需要;根据句意:学生在我们学校必须知道不允许在图书馆大喊大叫,所以选择答案C;2013湖南长沙25. —_______ I have lunch now, Mom —No. You must wash your hands first.A. WouldB. MayC. Ought to答案B解析考查情态动词用法;Would和ought to引导的问句,均不能用must回答;2013福建泉州36.— Have you decided where to go for your summer vacation—Not yet. We _______go to Qingdao . It's a good place for vacation.A. mayB. needC. must答案A解析本题考查情态动词;句意:——你已经决定到哪里过暑假了吗——还没有呢,我们也许去青岛;那是个度假的好地方;情态动词表示推测时,may表“可能”,must表“一定”,can’t表“不可能”;2013江苏徐州12. —Can I borrow your ruler,please—Yes,you . But you must return it to me before lunchtime.A. haveB. canC. mustD. used to答案B解析考查情态动词;答句意为“是的,你可以,但你必须在午饭之前归还给我”;2013江苏淮安9.—Can I park my car in front of the building —No, you ________.A. won'tB. can'tC. needn'tD. couldn't解析考查情态动词的用法;问句是由can引导的一般疑问句, 因此用can't作否定回答, 所以选择B;2013江苏常州4.—Shall I take my swimming suit—No, you . We will just go hiking in the mountain.A. mustn’tB. couldn’tC. needn’tD. can’t解析本题考查情态动词的用法;由回答后半句“我们只是去远足”可知不需要带游泳衣;故选C;2013浙江舟山、嘉兴23. Drivers ________ wear seat belts while their cars are running on the road.A. needB. canC. mustD. may解析考查情态动词的用法;句意为“司机必须系安全带当车在路上行驶的时候;”must的意思是“必须”,符合句意;故选C; 2013四川遂宁34.―Must I return the book this week ― No, you. You can it for 20 days.A. mustn’t, keepB. needn’t, borrowC. needn’t, keep解析考查情态动词及动词的含义; 句意为:—我必须这周还这本书吗—不,你不需要;你可以借20天;由must提问,否定回答是要用needn’t;borrow为非延续性的动词,不可与表示一段时间的词连用;故选C;2013四川南充32. — Excuse me, whose book is this —It ________ be John’s. It has his name on it.A. mustB. needC. can’t解析考查情态动词用法;题意:——对不起,这是谁的书——它一定是约翰的,它上面有他的名字;must “一定,准是”表猜测;need “需要”;can’t “不能,不可能”;根据题意选A;2013四川广安34. —____I swim here —No, you _____. Look at the sign “No swimming”.A. Must:can’tB. Can; don’tC. Can; mustn’t解析本题考查情态动词的用法;must引导的问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,排除A项;can 引导的问句,否定回答用can’t,排除B项;由句意“我可以在这里游泳吗”“不,千万不要;看一下那个标牌‘禁止游泳’;”2013 上海40. —Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, dad—No, you _______,son. You’re free to make your own decision.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t解析考查情态动词的辨析句意:爸爸,我必须去医学院,成为像你一样的医生吗你不必,儿子;你可以自己做决定;用must提问的句子,其否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to;2013 上海35. A lot of foreigners ______ familiar with the famous places if interest in China.A. amB. is C .are D. be答案C考查动词be的用法主语foreigners是复数,因此用are;2013湖南益阳24. The man ______be my English teacher. He has gone to Canada.A. mightB. mustC. c an’t解析考查情态动词的用法;must表肯定的推测,意为“一定”,可能性较大,might表示肯定推测,“可能”,可能小较小,can’t表示否定推测,意为“不可能”;根据句意:那个人不可能是我的英语老师,他去加拿大了;故选C;2013山西21. A country has dreams. We teenagers ________ also have dreams. With dreams and hard work, anything amazing can be created.A. mayB. mustC. should解析考查情态动词;一个国家有梦想,我们青少年也有梦想,有梦想和努力工作,任何奇迹都能创造;may “可以”;must “必须”;should “应该”;根据题意选C;2013山东济宁19. According to the new traffic law, everyone in a car _______wear the seat belt.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will解析考查情态动词的用法;can“能”;may“可以”;m ust“必须”;will“将要”;由句意“根据新交规,乘车的每个人必须戴安全带”;只有C符合题意;2013江西30. There's only one day to go. You _____finish your schoolwork by tomorrow.A. canB. willC. mustD. may解析考查情态动词的用法;句意:只剩一天时间了,你必须到明天为止完成学校作业;四个选项中只有must表达强烈要求“必须”,因此答案选C;2013 湖北黄冈37. —Who’s the man over there Is it Mr. Black —It ______ be him. He’s much taller.A. may notB. can’tC. will notD. mustn’t解析考查情态动用法; 句意:那边那个人是谁是布莱克先生吗一定不是他,他高多了;情态动词表推测:“一定” 用must,“可能”用might、may、could;“一定不”用can’t;故选B;2013山东潍坊21. You mustn’t go off on your own, because you _______get lost in the mountains.A. shouldB. mustC. needD. might解析考查情态动词的用法;根据句意“你不许一个人去,因为你可能在大山里迷路”, might 意为“可能”,表猜测;故选D; 2013江苏盐城4.—Are you in a burry —NO, I’ve got plenty of time I wait.A. canB. can’tC. mustD. mustn’t解析情态动词的用法;can表示可能性;must表示肯定;根据句意:你忙碌吗我有大量时间,可以等;2013江苏苏州11. ______ a beautiful car I’v e never seen it before.A. WhatB. WhichC. HowD. Whether解析考查感叹句;What+a\ an形容词+名词+主语+谓语;How +形容词+主语+谓语a beautiful car为可数名词,前用what,要加a, 故选A;2013江苏苏州10. If you ______ go, at least wait until the rain stops.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will解析考查情态动词;根据句意“如果你必须得走,至少要等到雨停的”,只有C符合题意;2013山东济南40. —_________ I help you, sir —Yes. I want a T-shirt.A. CanB. ShouldC. MustD. Would解析考查情态动词辨析;根据答语“Yes. I want a T-shirt.”判断问句是售货员常用的问候语“Can I help you ”;所以答案选A;2013湖南株洲24.-Oh, it's raining hard. -Be careful The road be wet.A. couldB. mustC. might解析考查情态动词的用法;Could和might表示没有把握的推测,must表示有把握的推测;根据上句句意“正下大雨;”,可推测“路肯定很湿”;故选B;2013安徽32. You ____________ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mightn’t解析考查情态动词的用法;wouldn’t意为“将不,不会”;shouldn’t意为“不应该” couldn’t意为“不能;可能不”;mightn’t 意为“可能不”;句意为:你不应该开车这么快,非常危险;故选B;2013湖北随州22. —Hello, Lisa. What's the matter —I ______find my mobile phone. _______ you seen itA.couldn't; DidB. can't; HaveC. need ; HadD. must; Are解析考查情态动词以及助动词的用法;我找不到我的手机,用can't;你见过它么现在完成时,havehas+动词的过去分词; 所以选择答案B;2013黑龙江绥化15. — Whose T-shirt is this —It ________ be John’s. It’s ________ small for him.A. can’t; much tooB. can’t; too muchC. mustn’t; too much解析考查情态动词和固定短语辨析;句意:——这是谁的T恤——不可能是约翰的;对他来说太小了;can't表示推测时,表示不可能;mustn’t 不可以,表禁止;too much太多;much too = very“很,太”的意思修饰形容词或者副词;根据句意,所以选择答案A;2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔8. -Must I return before dinner, Mum -No, you . You can come back later.A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. may not解析考查情态动词的用法;must的一般疑问句,否定回答要用needn’t,故选B项;2013广西贺州39. The woman who is talking with Mr. Brown ______ be Miss Li. She has gone to England.A. can’tB. mustC. mayD. mustn’t解析考查情态动词的辨析;句意:正在和布朗先生一起交谈的那位女士_______是李小姐;她去英国了;can’t不可能,表示否定推测;must一定,肯定推测;may可能,一般推测;mustn’t,绝不,绝对禁止;根据后句的意思可知,空格表示否定推测,故选A;2013江苏连云港7. From March 23rd 2013, anyone under the age of 14 ________ go into Disney's US parks alone.A. couldn'tB. mustn'tC. needn'tD. mightn't解析考查情态动词的用法辨析;couldn’t“不能”,needn’t“没必要”,mustn’t “禁止”,mightn’t“不可以”; 根据句意:“3月23日起,美国迪斯尼乐园禁止14岁以下的儿童独自进入;”,所以选择B;2013四川宜宾34.—Li Lei, hurry up The bus is coming.—Oh, no. We ______ cross the street until the traffic lights turn green.A. mustn’tB. may notC. needn’tD. have to解析考查情态动词的用法;由常识可知,红灯亮时我们不准越过这条街道;mustn’t“不准”符合句意;2013安徽32. You ____________ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous.A. wouldn’tB. shouldn’tC. couldn’tD. mightn’t解析考查情态动词的用法;wouldn’t意为“将不,不会”;shouldn’t意为“不应该” couldn’t意为“不能;可能不”;mightn’t 意为“可能不”;句意为:你不应该开车这么快,非常危险;故选B;2013山东泰安28. —May I smoke here —No, you _______. This is a no-smoking room.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. couldn’tD. wouldn’t解析考查情态动词否定形式的词义辨析;may引导的一般疑问句的否定回答是mustn’t;2013山东青岛7. Excuse me, sir. You ______ open the door before the train stops.A. mustn'tB. needn’tC. may notD. don’t have to解析考查情态动词的用法;mustn't“千万别、一定不”,needn’t “不需要” ,may not“不可能”, don’t have to“不需要”,句意:火车停下来前,你千万不能开门;所以选择答案A;2013湖北武汉34. —Honey, stay home before I return. —I ________, mum.A. mustB. canC. willD. should解析选C;考查动词的时态;根据句意“——Honey,在我回来之前你要待在家里;——我会按照你的吩咐去做的,妈妈;”可以判断应该用一般将来时;所以选择答案C;2013甘肃兰州36. — Look at the boy playing basketball on the ground. Is it George— It ______ be him. He told me he woul d play basketball after class, but he’s not sure.A. mustn’tB. mustC. can’tD. may解析考查情态动词表推测;上句句意:看正在操场上打篮球的那个男孩,他是George 下句后一分句意思:他告诉我他下课后会去打篮球,但他不确定;由此推断George可能去打篮球;A不允许;B一定,表猜测的可能性很大;C不可能,表示否定猜测;D可能,也许;故选D;2013广东广州20.—Must I finish my homework now —No, you ______. You can go home now.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. can’t解析考查情态动词;以Must I… 开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用No, you needn’t.;故选A;2013广东37. —Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Ann—It ______be her. She is giving a performance at the theater now.A. mayB. mustC. can’tD. mustn’t解析考查情态动词表示推测的用法;由答语她现在在剧院进行表演,说明敲门的一定不是她,may be“可能是”把握性不大的推测,must be“一定是”肯定推测, can’t be“不可能是”用于有把握的否定推测;mustn’t表示“千万别、一定不”;所以选。
(完整版)初中情态动词用法总结

一情态动词的用法和辨析,情态动词表示推测和可能,由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。
二 1 只是情态动词: can, could, may, might, must2 可做情态动词,可做实义动词: need, dare3 可做情态动词,可做助动词: will, would, shall, should4 特殊: have to, ought to, used to三 1 有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。
2 无人称和数的变化。
( have to 除外)Eg: He has to stay here.3 后接动词原形。
4 具有助动词作用,可构成否定,疑问或简短回答。
四① 表示能力,“能,会”。
Eg : Can you play basketball?② 表示怀疑,猜测,常用于否定句或疑问句。
Eg :Li hua can’t be in the classroom.③ 表示请求,允许,多用于口语,译“可以”= may.Eg: youcangonow.④can 开头的疑问句,肯定句,否定句用 can 或 can’t.①can 的过去式,表示过去的能力。
Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old.②could 开头的疑问句,肯定和否定回答用 could, couldn’ t 如果 could 表示现在的委婉,用 can 回答。
Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can.① 表示推测,“可能,也许”,用于肯定句。
Eg: He may come tomorrow.② 表示请求,“许可,可以”。
Eg: May I borrow your book?注:表示请求,许可时,主语为第一人称的一般疑问句,否定回答用 mustn’t“不可以,禁止,不许”,不用may not“可能不”。
③表示祝愿。
Eg :May you success.①表示“可以”,用于过去时中。
情态动词用法归纳(全)

六、 will, would
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示 过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的 含义。
1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估计和猜想。
情态动词的用法 一、 can, could
2) 表示请求和允许。 -----Can I go now? ----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能 用于肯定句和答语中。
四、 dare, need
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。 在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否 定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后 面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river.
2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。 Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 1. I really must go now. 2. I had to work when I was your age.
三、 must, have to
3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1. How dare you say I’m unfair? 2. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
高考英语情态动词讲解

(一)情态动词常考点will很可能,大概不会,不该会,,吗?(一)表能力would可能性比will小语气比won’t弱语气比will弱canshould说话者有较大的试探性// 表示现在的能力beableto说话者有较大的试探性willbeableto oughtto:表示将来的能力// (含义同should)could表示过去的能力was/wereabletocan/不可能有可能吗?couldhave+过去分词:表示过去有能力做但未做could可疑的可能不可能语气比can弱如:Iamstarvingtodeath。
I can eattwobowlsofricenow。
或许,也许,也未可知,(现在的能力)我快饿死了,现在我能吃两碗米饭。
可能不/ may也说不定Ifyouhaveagoodsleep,you willbeableto workoutthisproblem。
might比may还弱比maynot还弱/ (将来的能力)如果你好好睡一觉,你将能够解出这道题。
(2)表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时,may,must常用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句和疑问句(maynot表示Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone wasableto getout。
“可能不”);can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中,表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思;could既可用于肯定句,(过去成功的做了某事)尽管这场大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都能够逃出又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
如:去。
This can’t/couldn’t bedonebyhim。
(表不相信)I couldhaveworked outtheproblem,butIdidn’t。
这不可能是他做的。
(过去有能力做但未做)我本来可以解决这个问题,但没有解决。
This maynot bedonebyhim。
初中英语中考情态动词考点及练习
情态动词情态动词又叫情态助动词;它们具有以下特点:⑴它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等;⑵绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s以be和have 开头的情态动词短语除外;⑶在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性”;例:can既可表示能力,又可表示可能、允许等意义;情态动词的基本用法1. can的基本用法:⑴表示体力或智力上的能力,即“能够,会”,可与be able to转换;例:He can speak English. = He is able to speak English.—Can you play basketball— No, I can’t.如果表示将来具备的能力,要用will be able to;例:If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem.⑵表示许可,主要用于口语,书面语一般用may;例:—Can we go home now, please— No, you can’t.You can only smoke in this room.You can’t keep the library books for more than a month.⑶表示“可能”,与may同义,但一般用在疑问句中;例:What can he possibly want在否定句中,否定形式can’t表示推测“不大可能”;例:Anybody can make mistakes.The news can’t be true.与第一、二人称连用时,还可以就可能的解决问题的方式或可能的行为提出建议;在这里,也可用could使语气婉转;例:Can / Could we meet again next week 下周我们可以再见面吗—What shall we do 我们怎么办呢— We can / could try asking Lucy for help.——我们可以请露茜帮忙试试看;You can / could help me with the cooking. 你可以帮我做饭;2. may的基本用法:⑴表示“许可”,用can比较口语化;例:You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来,你就来;You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花;may not表示按规定不许可,如果用mustn’t则表示说话人不许可;我可以在这里抽烟吗—;mustn’t表示明确的禁止;⑵;例:It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨;;注意:如果,通常用例:那会是真的吗他究竟是谁呢⑶注意—Yes, you —No3. must的基本用法:⑴表示必须,强调说话人的主观意志;例:I must go now, or I’ll be late.You must be here by注意:表示“必须“时,must的否定式为或而不是mustn’t;也就是:—Must—Yes, you—No, you例:——No, you .⑵表示推测,一般只用于肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定;例:She didn’t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看,一定是生气了;He is good at English. He must know the word. 他英语好,准知道这个词;You must be Mr. Jones. 想必您就是琼斯先生吧;4. have to的基本用法:have to可视为情态动词,但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同;其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而have to却有人称和数的变化,要视主语的不同而变化;例:I / You / We / They have to….He / She / It has to….You don’t have to….意思是“必须,不得不”;have to强调客观需要;例:Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起,现在我得走了;I’ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议;Will he have to work deep into the night 他将不得不工作到深夜吗5. need的基本用法:need的基本词义是“需要”,它既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词;⑴ need用作情态动词时,只用于否定句和疑问句;它只有一种形式,后接动词原形;例:I don’t believe you need worry. 我相信你没有必要焦急;—Need we go so soon我们需要这么早就去吗— Yes, we must. / No, we needn’t.是的,必须;/不,不必;So I needn’t tell him, need I 所以我不需要告诉他,对吧请比较以下两句话的不同意思:You needn’t buy the coat. 你没有必要买那件外衣;你还没买You needn’t have bought the coat. 你没有必要买这件外衣的;而你⑵My watch needs mending/to be mended. 我的手表需要修理了;We don’t need to work today. = We needn’t work today.Does he need to go right now = Need he go right now6. had better的基本用法:had bette r常略作’d better;现代语法认为它是一个助动词,因为它后接不意思是“最好做某事;还是做某事比较好”;get some sleep. 你最好睡一会儿;You’d better not do that again. 你最好别再做那件事;What had we better do now 我们现在怎么做才好呢, should, would, might表示推测:①.must多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推测,意思为“一定、肯定”;如: You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你已辛苦工作一整天了,一定累了;The book must be his. His name is on the cover. 这本书一定是他的,封面上写着他的名字;注意 must不表推测时,在肯定句中意思为“必须强调内在的职责”,在否定句中意思为“不许、禁止”,以它开头的疑问句否定回答常用needn’t或don’t doesn’t have to;如:We must obey the traffic rules. 我们必须遵守交通规则;Cars mustn’t be parked here. 此处严禁停车;—Must we hand in the papers this week 我们必须本星期交论文吗—No, you needn’t. 不,你们不必本星期交;②. can / could多用于否定句、疑问句或间上没有差别;用can时不相信的程度更强一些,如:The man under the tree can’t be Tom人不可能是Tom,他已经去英国了;Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy 他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了,这能是真的吗Could this be an excuse 这会不会是个借口How can you be so careless 你怎么这样粗心③.may / might多用来表示把握性不大的推测,意思为“也许、可能”, might比;注意区分“不可能”与“可能;如:Mr. Wang may know Professor Li’s telephone number.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码;This might be the key Tom has been looking for.这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙;She may not be there today. 今天她可能不在那儿;一、典型例题中考链接1.—Who is the man over there Is it Mr. Li— No, it ______ be him. Mr. Li is much taller.A. mustn’tB. may noC. can’tD. needn’t2.—Must I go with them tomorrow— No,you ______.A. mustn'tB. shouldn'tC. needn'tD. can't3.—______ I take some photos in the hall— No, you ______.A. Can, needn’tB. Must, mustn’tC. Could, won’tD. May, m ustn’t4.—Dad, must I finish my homework today—No, you ________. You may do it tomorrow.A. needn’tB. mustn’tC. don’tD. won’t5.—The lake is said to be dry. Is that true—It , some kids are swimming in it.A. must be trueB. can’t be trueC. may not be true6.—What is your mother going to do this Saturday—I’m not sure. She _____ go to see my grandmother.A. canB. mustC. may7.—Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.—It ______ be very expensive. I never even dream about it.A. mustB. mightC. can’tD. shouldn’t8.—Listen Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall —No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.A. needn’tB. may notC. mustn’tD. can’t9.—Let’s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.—Oh, it is not far away from here. We _______take a taxi.A. couldn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. can’t10.—Can you play the piano—Yes, I _______. I often practice it on weekends.A. needn’tB. needC. can’tD. can三、课后练习一、用can, may, must, need, have to, had better的适当形式填空:1.You ________________ return the library book on time.2.I ______________ not find the way to the hospital. _______________ youshow me the way3.—________________ I finish the work right now— No, you ________________ not. You ____________ do it later.4.He said he ________________ not come tonight.5.Her mother was ill. She ________________ stay at home and look afterher.6.It’s time for class. You ________________ stop playing football oryou __________be late for class.7.We ________________ start right now, or they would get there first.8.The cloud is lifting, so it ________________ not be a rainy daytomorrow.二、选择填空1.—Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon—Yes, you ________.A. mustB. canC. mayD. need2. —Must I be in hospital for a week, Doctor—No, you . You can go back home tomorrow.’t B.needn’t C. must3. The desk is not dirty. You _______clean it.A. mustn’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’t C. can’t4. —May I watch TV for a while—No, you _______. You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn’tB. needn’tC. mustn’tD.won’t5.—Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening—No, it ________be her. She________ to Japan.A. mustn’t; has goneB. mustn’t ;has beenC. can’t ;hasgone D. can’t ;has been6. It’s the library So you________ know shouting is no t allowed here.A. canB. mustC. needD. may7. Boys and girls, don’t forget your report . It ______ today.A. can’t finishB. can’t be finishedC. should finishD. should be finished8.—Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.—No, he ______ ,because he didn’t know my address.A. couldn’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. may not9. —Must I mop up the window now—No, you________.’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t10. —Is Lucy knocking at the door—No. It ________ be Lucy. She is in Japan now.A. needn’tB. mustC. can’t11. —Another cup of coffee—No, thanks. I _____ be off. Mary is waiting for me.A. canB. mayC. mustD. might12. —I’m a little tired. Let’s go to t he zoo by taxi.—We take a taxi. It’s not far from here.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. couldn’tD.needn’t13. If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’s very dangerous.A. don’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD.wouldn’t14. —Must I finish watering the flowers now—No, you________.A. mustB. won’tC. needn’tD. can’t15. —I can’t give up smoking, doctor.—For your health, I’m afraid you ________.A. mayB. canC. have toD. must。
中考英语情态动词考点
中考英语情态动词考点1).can(1)表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”,也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。
He can drive.Can you jump as far as he did?I can’t catch up with Jim.can与be able to二者都表示“能够”,区别是:can只有现在时和过去式,而be able to可用于各种时态。
如:I’ll be able to speak French i n half a year.He hasn’t been able to finish it on time. (2)表示允许:You can go now.Can I use your bike?(3)表示推测:Who can it be?It can’t be true.can表示猜测或怀疑只用于疑问句及否定句中。
2).could(1)can的过去式,表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。
He couldn’t climb up the mountain.The news could be true.(2)表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。
Could you go skating with me tomorrow?I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer tonight.(3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度How could he say that?He couldn’t be in Beijing.2.may与might1).may(1)表示请求、许可、可以—May I use your dictionary?—Yes, please/certainly.May I come in?(2)表示推测说话人的猜测,认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。
It may rain this afternoon.I may leave for Hangzhou next week.(3)may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。
高中英语 情态动词用法归纳(全)(共63张PPT)
can 表示能力,意为 “能 会” 表示推测, 意为 “可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中 表示请求, 允许, 意为“可以”
could can 的过去式,意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力 在疑问句中表示委婉请求
may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以” 表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”
might may的过去式 表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“ 可能、也许 ”
七、should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任, 比should语气重。
1. I should help her because she is in trouble.
2. You ought to take care of the baby.
总结归纳
考点一 can ,may, must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法
1. can 的用法 (1)表示能力、许可、可能性。 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”, 即
有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力,此时may 和must 均不可代替它。 如:
She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。 I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 (2) 表示可能、能够。 如: I can finish it in an hour. 我能在一小时后完成它。 (3)表示许可,常在口语中。如: You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。 (4) 表示推测,意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时 can’t 译为“ 不可能”。 如: Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?
情态动词详细用法归纳
情态动词详细用法归纳情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
1. can 的用法:(1)表示能力、许可、可能性。
表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力。
如:She can swim fast, but I can’t . 她能游得很快,但我不能。
could是can的过去式。
表示过去的能力。
be able to do sth. 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。
(2)表示许可,常在口语中。
如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。
(3)表示推测,可能性,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。
如:Can the news be true 这个消息会是真的吗?—Can it be our teacher那个人有可能是我们老师吗?—No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visi t to the Great Wall.不可能。
咱们老师正在游览长城呢。
【例题】—I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.—No. She be there, I have just been there.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.wouldn’t【解析】根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“ 不可能”,can’t 表示推测[答案] A2. could的用法:(1)can的过去式,意为“ 能、会”,表示过去的能力。
如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。
(2)could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思。
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情态动词的常考点 (modal verbs) 一、情态动词的基本意义及用法 1、can和could —— 表示“能力、请求、许可”等,意思为“能,能够” Jim isn’t very good at maths of science, but he can speak English very well. (能力) Our history test was so long last week that no one could finish it. (能力) Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? (请求) It was the last day of school, but the teacher said that we could not leave early. (许可) 注: 1)、表示请求时,could比can要委婉;但在回答别人的请求时,则不能用could。 ----Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes, of course you can.
2)、can和be able to: 都可以表示能力,意思上没有区别。但can只有现在式和过去式(could),而be able to则有过去时、现在式和将来式(will be able to)。
3)、could和was / were able to的区别 was/were able to 表示(过去成功地)能够做某事,相当于succeeded in doing sth. / managed to do sth. 而could仅表示过去具备某种能力,成功与否则不知道。 He could swim but that afternoon he wasn’t able to swim across the river. Ten passengers were able to survive the air crash.
2、may和might —— 表示“请求、许可”等,意思为“可以” May I have a look at your new camera? (请求) You may go now. (许可) He said that I might use his cellphone. (许可)
否定形式为may not,也可用mustn’t来代替。 ----May I go with my friends to the harvest festival? ----Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t. / No, you may not. / No, you’d better not.
3、will和would —— 表示“意愿;请求”,意思为“会;愿意” I’m going to the library. Will you go with me? (意愿) If you will wait for half an hour, you will see him (意愿) They said that they would help us. (意愿) He won’t go with us. (意愿,表“拒绝,不愿意”。再如:The door won’t open. /My car won’t start.) Would / Will you please give us a hand? (请求,would比will委婉)
would还可以表示“过去的习惯” My uncle was poor but liked fashion, so he would often dress up as a rich man. During the vacation, he would visit me every week. He would go swimming in summer when he was in the countryside. 4、shall和should 1)shall用在一、三人称的疑问句中,表征求对方意见或请求指示 What shall we do now? Where shall I wait for you? Shall she come right now? Shall we start the meeting now?
2)shall用在二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、决心、威胁等 You shall not leave your position. (命令 /警告 /威胁) He shall suffer for this. (警告 /威胁) Each competitor shall wear a number. (命令) Nothing shall prevent us from carrying out this plan. (决心) You shall have a nice present for your birthday. (允诺) The fine shall be given in cash. 罚款应以现金缴纳。 (命令) You wanted justice, so you shall get justice, more than you wanted. (允诺)
3)should表示“劝告,建议”,意思为“应该” You should keep your promise. Young people should respect old people.
5、must和have to —— 表示“必须,不得不” 1) must常为说话人的主观看法;否定为must not (mustn’t) ——不准,禁止 The work must be finished as soon as possible, needn’t it? You mustn’t smoke in public places. 回答must的问句时,肯定用must,否定用needn’t或don’t have to,而不能用mustn’t,因为mustn’t只有一个意思——“不准,禁止”。 ----Must I finish the job before eight o’clock, Mum? ----Yes, you must. ----No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
must还可表示“偏要、非得” If you must know, my age is 18. 如果你非得要知道的话,我18岁。 Every time I tell my son what to do, he must do the opposite. 每次我告诉我儿子要做什么,他总是要做相反的事。
2) have to表示客观需要;另外,have to能用于各种时态。 You don’t have to worry about that. Every student will have to know how to use computers.
二、情态动词表推测的用法 (一)对现在动作的推测: 情态动词 + 动词原形 (do / be doing) 1、must must表示推测时,可能性最大,意思为“肯定、一定”,而且只用在肯定句中 He must be in the office. 他肯定在办公室里。 Judging from his accent, he must be American. They must be taking the English exam right now. 此刻他们肯定在参加英语考试。 2、can can表示推测时,可能性比较大,意思为“可能”,常用在疑问句和否定句中(can’t /couldn’t意思为“不可能”) Can he be in the office? 他可能在办公室里吗? He can’t be in the office. 他不可能在办公室里。 It’s can’t be Mr. Li. He has gone to Beijing already. 那不可能是李先生,他已经去北京了。 A man landed on Mars? You must be joking. That can’t be true.
3、could, may和might表示可能性不大或很小的推测,常用在肯定句和否定句中 Anything could happen if you don’t obey the rule. 如果你不遵守规则,任何事都有可能发生。 The boy may /might not be watching TV at home. 可能没在家看电视。 may not意思为“可能不” ----Is John coming by train? ----He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car.
4、should should表示推测时,表示确定或可能有的未来或期望,即合乎理想的情况或结果 It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack should be here at any moment.快7点了,Jack随时都有可能到这。 ----When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ----They should be ready by 12:00. There shouldn’t be any difficulty in pasing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
(二)对过去动作的推测:情态动词 + have done 1、must have done 肯定做过某事 He must have been there before. 他以前肯定去过那儿。 I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 2、对过去某事否定的推测为can’t / couldn’t have done,即:“不可能做过某事” He can’t / couldn’t have been there. 他不可能去过那儿。 can / could have done:通常用于否定句和疑问句的推测中,一般不用于肯定句的推测中 Can / Could he have been there? 他可能去过那儿吗? 3、could / may / might have done 可能做过某事:一般只用于肯定句或否定句的推测中,不用与疑问句中 (对过去的疑问句推测用can / could have done) He may have been there. 他可能去过那儿。 It’s too late. I think they may have gone to bed. 太晚了,我想他们可能睡觉了。 4、must 用于推测时的反意疑问句中的助动词都不用must He must be a teacher, isn’t he? He must know the plan, doesn’t he? You must have studied English for many years, haven’t you? You must have seen her off yesterday, didn’t you? (因为受yesterday的影响) You must have been a fool at that time, weren’t you? (因为受at that time的影响)