《语言学导论》期末试卷

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绍兴文理学院 2010 学年 01学期

英语 专业 08 级《 英语语言学导论 》试卷 (A)

（考试形式：开卷 ）

I. Define the following terms （共20分，每小题 4 分）

conversational implicature; componential analysis; Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; minimal pair; design features

II. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False, T for true and F for false （共10 分，每小题 1分）

1. The fact that we use seemingly meaningless expressions to maintain a comfortable relationship

between people without involving any factual content has mainly to do with the interpersonal function of language.

2.

The subject-predicate distinction is the same as the theme and rheme contrast.

3. Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called “voiceless ”, which is a

feature of all vowels and some consonants, such as [b], [z], and [m].

4. Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of

meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.

5. The core of linguistics covers phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.

6. The major difference between a pidgin and a Creole is that the former usually has its native speakers

while the latter doesn’t.

7. There is no one-one relationship between morphemes and phonemes. A single phoneme may

represent a single morpheme, but they are not identical.

8. Syntax mainly deals with how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the

formation of sentences.

9. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike

entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true.

10. Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to

their degree of formality.

III. Group the following words according to the sense relations and give out the head

term for each group. Each word can only be used once （共20 分，每小题4分）

talent transportation torch attach alienated before rent odd flashlight flat detach even idiot fragmented profound superficial let housing shipping after 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

IV . Draw the two tree diagrams of the following sentence according to Immediate Constituent Analysis （共10 分，每小题5分）

Leave the book on the shelf.

V . Identify any of the ten cohesive ties employed in the following passage （共10 分，每小题 1分）

Chris Baildon, tall and lean, was in his early thirties, and the end-product of an old decayed island family.

Chris shared the too large house with his father, an arthritic and difficult man, and a wasp-tongued aunt, whose complaints ended only when she slept.

The father and his sister, Chris ’s aunt Agatha, engaged in shrill-voiced arguments over nothing. The continuous exchanges further confused their foolish wits, and yet held off an unendurable loneliness. They held a common grievance against Chris, openly holding him to blame for their miserable existence. He should long ago have lifted them from poverty, for had they not sacrificed everything to send him to England and Oxford University?

Driven by creditors or pressing desires, earlier Baildons had long ago cheaply disposed of valuable properties. Brother and sister never ceased to remind each other of the depressing fact that their ancestors had wasted their inheritance. This, in fact, was their only other point of agreement.

A few years earlier Agatha had announced that she intended doing something about repairing the family fortunes. The many empty rooms could be rented to selected guests. She would establish, not a boarding-house, but a home for ladies and gentlemen, and make a tidy profit. She threw herself into the venture with a noisy fury. Old furniture was polished; rugs and carpets were beaten, floors painted, long-stored mattresses, pillows and bed-linen aired and sweetened in the sun. The huge kitchen was attacked.

VI. Answer the following questions （共 30分，每小题15 分）

1. Illustrate with examples how suprasegmental features can affect meaning.

2. Of all the theories in general linguistics, which one (ones) do you think help(s) your English learning most?