介词和介词短语
介词和介词短语
概念: 介词是一种用来表示词与词，或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或句子，短语或从句。
重点：介词和介词短语的用法
难点：介词的用法与辨析
内容：
一、介词概述
1. 介词的种类
(1)简单介词，如 at, in off, on, by, to, with 等。
(2)合成介词，如 into, inside, within, throughout 等。
(3)短语介词，如 according to, because of, in addition to, in front of, in spite of 等。
(4)二重介词，如 from behind, from among, until after, at about 等。
2. 介词的宾语
(1)名词：Let’s go for a walk along the river.咱们到江边散散步。
(2)代词：He’s standing in front of m e.我站在我前面。
(3)形容词: Her pronunciation is far from prefect.她的语音远不是完美的。
(4)动名词:He’s good at drawing.他善长绘画。
(5)过去分词:I took it for granted that she was for England.我还以为她是英国的。
(6)不定式:I had no choice but to lie down.除了躺下外我别无选择。
She did nothing but cry.她只是哭。
注: 介词后通常是不能用不定式作宾语的, 只有表示“除……外”的 but, except 等个别介
词能接不定式作宾语。前面有行为动词 do 时,不定式不用 to,否则要带 to。
(7)副词: I didn’t know it until recently.直到最近我才知道此事。
(8)数词：He was among the first to arrive.他是第一批到的。
(9)介词短语：She won’t go home until after the exam.她要考完试之后再回家。
(10)从句：Think of what I said. 想想我说的话。
I’m worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。
I have doubts about whether(不用 if) he is the best man for the job. 我怀疑他是否是做这项工作的最好人选。
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
二、常用介词用法与辨析
■表示方位的介词：in, to, on
1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如：
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如：
Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。
■表示计量的介词：at, for, by
1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如：
It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时 900 公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。
2. for 表示“用……交换，以……为代价”。如：
He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
注意：at 表示单价(price) ，for 表示总钱数。
3. by 表示“以……计，后跟度量单位。如：
They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
■表示材料的介词：of, from, in
1. of 成品仍可看出原料。如：
This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。
2. from 成品已看不出原料。如：
Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。
3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。如：
Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。
They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。
注意：in 指用材料，不用冠词：而with 指用工具，要用冠词。请比较：draw in pencil /draw with a pencil。
■表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on
1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。如 by bus 乘公共汽车, by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。
注意:表示搭乘交通工具时,用 by 时不用冠词,用 in 时要用冠词。请比较:
I went there by bus/in a bus. 我是坐公共汽车去的那儿。
2. with 表示“用某种工具”。如：
He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
注意：with 表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。
3. on 表示“以……方式，多用于固定词组。
They talked on the telephone. 他们通过电话进行交谈。
She learns English on the radio/on TV. 她通过收音机/电视学英语。
■表示关于的介词：of, about, on
1. of 仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事。如：
He spoke of the film the other day. 他前几天提到了这部影片。
He thought about this matter yesterday. 他昨天考虑了这件事。
2. about 指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。如：
Can you tell me something about yourself? 你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗？
3. on 指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事。如：
I t’s a textbook on the history of china. 它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。
■表原因或理由的介词：for, at, from, of, with, by, because of
1. for 表示原因，常与 sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame 等词连用。如：
I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。
2. at 指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而……”。如：
He was surprised at the news. 听到这消息他大吃一惊。
3. from 指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。如：
He died from the wound. 他因受伤而致死。
4. of 指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。如：
The old man died of hunger. 老人死于饥饿。
5. with 指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。如：
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
6. by 表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。
Her body was bent by age. 他因年老背弯了。
She took your umbrella by mistake. 我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。
7. because of 表示引起结果的直接原因。如：
He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.
8. owing to 多表示引起某不良后果的原因。如：
Owing to the rain they could not come. 由于下雨他们没来。
9. thanks to 表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏……，多亏……”。如：
Thanks to John, we won the game. 多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。
10. out of 表示动机的起因，常译为“出于……”。如：
He asked the question out of curiosity. 他出于好奇才问了那个问题。
11. through 多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。如：
The war was lost through bad organization. 战争因组织不周而失败了。
■表示好像或当作的介词like, as
1. like 表示“像……一样”，其实不是。如：
Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud. 彼得大帝像他的国家一样强
健和自豪。
2. as 表示“作为，以……身份”，其实也是。如：
He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
注：as 作连词时，可表示“好像……”。如：The work is not so difficult as you ima
gine 这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
■表示支持或反对的介词：against, for
against 反对，for 支持，互为反义词。如：
Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法？
■表示除某人某物外的介词：besides, except
1. besides 是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除……外，还”。如：
Thirty students went to the cinema besides him. 除他以外，还有 30 个学生去看了电
影。(他和另外 30 人都去了)
He is interested in tennis besides =as well as football. 除了足球，他还对网球感兴趣。
2. except 是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。
Everyone is excited except me. 除我以外的每个人都很激动。（他们激动，而我却不激动）All the visitors are Japanese except him. 除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。（其他人是日本人，可他不是）
注意：(A) except 通常与表示全体的 all, every 连用：若与 other 连用，只能用 besides。如：He had other people to take care of besides me. 除我之外,他还要照顾别人。
(B) except 是排除同类：而 except for 是排除非同类，常在说明基本情况后，从
细节上加上修正。如：
The composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误之外，这篇作文整体还是不错的。(作文与拼写错误是非同类的)
但 except for 也可代替 except，特别是在句首时，因为 except 是不能用于句首的。如：Except George, you can all go. 除乔治外，你们都可以去。
三、介词短语
1. 用作表语
Mr. Smith is still in bed. 史密斯先生还在睡觉。
He was already in his sixties. 他已经六十多岁了。
Dinner was at one o’clock. 一点钟开午饭。
We are out of food. 我们食物吃完了。
2. 用作状语
The children are playing by the river. 孩子们在河边玩。
They often talk in English after class. 他们经常在课后用英语交谈。
Let’s go for a walk along the river.咱们到江边散散步。
3. 用作定语
The woman in the room is his wife. 房间里的那个女人是他的妻子。
China is country with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
【注】介词短语作定语时必须置于被修饰名词之后。又如：
the people on the bus 公共汽车上的人
the girl in front of me 我前面的女孩
a woman in black 一个穿黑衣的妇女
a book on sports 一本关于运动的书
a boy with red hair 红头发的男孩
information about Paris 关于巴黎的情况
4. 用作宾语补足语
We found her in tears. 我们发现她在哭泣。
The cold kept him in bed for three days. 这次感冒让他卧床三天。
【注】用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语：
He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。
5. 用作宾语
I saw her from across the street. 我从街对面望见了她。
He goes to work every day except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他每天都上班。
I won’t go home until after the exam. 我要等考完后再回家。
讲练结合
1. The play begins at 6: 40 pm. So we have to be at the theatre ________ 6:30 pm at the latest.
A. after
B. around
C. until
D. by
2. They held a ceremony ________ those killed in the battle.
A. in honor of
B. instead of
C. in favor of
D. by means of
3. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing ________ at home.
A. but to read
B. but read
C. besides reading
D. except to read
4. Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.
A. in any case
B. in case
C. in no case
D. in that case
5. — ________ did the professor give you much advice?
— The choice of a career.
A. On what
B. In what
C. What
D. For what
6. I made coat ________ my own hands. It was made ________ hand not with a ma chine.
A. in; in
B. in; with
C. with; by
D. with; with
7. He is running ________ the wind towards the east of the station ________ Tom r unning ________ the right.
A. down; and; on
B. against; with; on
C. for; with; in
D. with; whi
le; to
8. Not all of us know the difference ________ wheat, oats and barley.
A. among
B. between
C. from
D. in
9. The you ng singer is quite popular ________ the public. She’s made a remarkable achievement ________ a girl of her age.
A. with; to
B. to; for
C. with; for
D. for;
to
10. The apple trees have lots of big apples ________ them. And some birds are sing
ing ________ the trees.
A. in; on
B. at; in
C. on; in
D. with; through
11. That woman will quarrel ________ everybody ________ anything.
A. about; about
B. about; with
C. with; about
D. with;
with
12. The weather this month has been good ________ .
A. on the whole
B. generally speaking
C. above all
D. on one hand
13. We should divide all the potatoes ________ two piles and separated the good on
es ________ the bad ones.
A. from; by
B. into; from
C. into; into
D. from; into
14. They said the building would be completed ________ a year.
A. after
B. for
C. in
D. about
15. — These boxes are too heavy for me to carry.
—Here, I’ll give you a hand ________ them.
A. for
B. to
C. with
D. by
◎答案解析◎
1. D。从“戏剧在下午 6:40 开始”可知到达剧院的时间最迟不应晚于 6:30。A 项表示“下
午6:30 后到剧院”?C 项表示“在剧院呆到下午6:30 为止”?均不合题意。B 项干扰性最强?a
round 意为“左右?大约”, 但在 6:30 pm 后有at the latest“最晚”,二者相矛盾。 C 项 by 是not
later than(不迟于)之意?整合题意。
2. A。 in honour of 意为“为庆祝(为向. . . 表示敬意,为纪念”?instead of 意为“代替; 而
不是”?in favor of 意为“赞成?支持”?by means of 意为“通过; 用; 借助于”。根据句意“他们举行了纪念阵亡战士的仪式”可知答案为 A(from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e610227043.html,)。
3. B。but, except 和 besides 都有“除…之外”的意思?但没有”?相当于 not including.
另外?but 后面可接不定式 to do,但如果 but 前面有实义动词 dbesides 是“除…之外?还”的意思?等于 in addition to; 而 except, but 是“除…之外? o 的任何形式?不定式省略 to。
4. B。in any case 意为“在任何情况下”?in case 意为“以防万一?如果”?in no case 意
为“决不”? in that case 意为“如果那样的话”。句意为“在你的包上写上名字和地址以防丢失”。
5. A。“教授给你提的什么建议?”“择业”。“关于…的建议”应用介词 on。
6. C。by hand 意为“用手工”?with“用”, 表示使用的工具, 手段?如 He hit it with a h ammer.
7. B。against the wind“逆风”? on the right 意为“在后边”?介词 with 与一个复合结构构成短语?用作状语?说明状态、方式等。
8. B。一般说来?between 用于两者之间?among 表示三者和三者以上之间。但有时说
的虽然是三个以上的人或东西?如果强调的是两两相互间的关系?适用于 between. 如?Th
e soldier is hidden between the trees. 在谈论事物间的差别时总是用 between.
9. C。词组 be popular with 意为“受…欢迎”?for“就…而论?比较…而言”。
10. C。介词 on 意为“在…之上?依附于”?in 意为“(表场所?位置)在……之内 / 上”in t
he tree 译为“在树上”。
11. C。quarrel with sb. about / over 意为“和某人争论某事”。句意为“那个女人无论碰
到什么事儿, 总是和别人争吵不休”。
12. A。on the whole 意为“总的来说?从总体上看”?generally speaking“一般说来”?ab
ove all 意为“首先?最重要的”?on one hand 意为“一方面”。句意为“这个月的天气基本上是
好的” (from https://www.360docs.net/doc/e610227043.html,)。
13. B。divide…into 和separate…from 都有“把……分开”的意思。但前者指“把整体分成
若干部分”?后者指“把连在一起的分开”。
14. C。 in, after 这两个介词都可以用来表达“在若干时间之后”。 in 可以用于将来时态或一般过去时态的句子中?after 用于一般过去时?如果表示某时刻之后或某件事之后?则不受时态的限制。
15. C。答语中的 them 指前一句的 boxes。 Give sb. a hand with sth. / in(at) doing sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。
填空练习:
1. The government decision to raise taxes was at odds ______ their policies on inflat ion.?与……争执?意见不一致?
2. A claim might be made by dissentient member States that the actions of the organ ization were not in compliance ______ its treaty.?顺从?
3. Prominent individuals were often prominent ______ virtue of the groups of which
they were leaders.?由于?因为?
4. In the philosophical tradition there have been two tendencies with respect ______ epistemological concerns and concerns about the social order.?关于?至于?
5. Foreign powers had long penetrated the area in quest ______ wealth or influence, or to counter the lusts of their adversaries.?为了探索……?为了寻求……?
6. Central coordination would keep the location of industry in step ______ developme nt.?与……保持一致?
7. In both, the main class order can be criticized on the grounds ______ the separati on of Sciences from their respective Technologies.?根据, 以...为理由?
8. A research project has been set up under the auspices ______ the University of M ichigan.
9. It is well within reason to expect help in this regard in exchange ______ further f inancial assistance.?交换?以此易彼?
10. The appeal of the petitioner in this case must be dismissed for want ______ juris diction.?因缺乏……?
参考答案?
1. with
2. with
3. of
4. to
5. of
6. with
7. of
8. of
9. for 10. of
英文中介词和动词短语的辨析
英文中介词和动词短语的辨析 Many students when learning English seem to get confused about exactly how to use prepositions correctly. The problem is that new English students either try to compare them, or to use them in the same way that they are used in their own language. This is something that does not always work. Although they CAN often be used in the same way, sometimes there are exceptions to the rule that just have to be excepted. For example: 1. I go home after work. And not (I go to home after work). 2. I am playing football at the weekend. And not (I am playing football in the weekend). They are all the little words that we use to join up phrases and sentences, so that they either sound right when we speak, or they look right when we write. There are over 150 of these joining words used in the English language. At, in, on, of, to, off, for, by, with, into, onto, after, about, after, before, behind, down, than, through, etc., are all such words. When trying to use these words correctly, it is best to learn them in a drip feed fashion. For example: One day could be spent learning how to use them with time, e.g. on Sunday, at night, at the weekend, at seven o' clock, etc. Another day could be spent learning how to use them with places, e.g. The pencil is on/in/next to/by/under the table, etc. Something else that also leads to confusion are phrasal verbs. With these verbs the list just seems to go on and on. But first let us take a quick look at the difference between a preposition, and an adverb. 1. The cat climbed up the curtain. (up is the preposition since it has an object, the curtain). 2. The cat ran off in the morning. (off is an adverb since it has no object, and talks about the verb ran).
(完整)高考英语复习讲解——介词及介词短语
高考英语一轮复习讲解：介词及介词短语 【知识要点】 介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。 1.介词可按其构成分为： （1）简单介词，即一个介词，如about，at，in，of，since等。 （2）复合介词，由两个介词组成，如as for，as to，out of等。 （3）二重介词，由两个介词搭配而成，但没有复合介词那样固定，如from under，from behind，until after，except in等。 （4）短语介词，由短语构成，如according to，because of，in spite of，on behalf of，with reference to 等。 （5）分词介词，由现在分词构成，如regarding，concerning，including等。 2.介词还可按其词义分为下列常见的几种： （1）表地点（包括动向），如about， above，across，after，along，among，around，at，before，behind，below，beneath，beside，between，beyond，by，down，from，in，into，near，off，on，over，through，throughout，to，towards，under，up，upon，with，within，without等。 ［注］有不少表地点的介词可表动向，除很明显的across，around，over，towards，near外，还有among，behind，beneath，between，on，to，under等。 （2）表时间，如about，after，around，as，at，before，behind，between，by，during，for，from，in，into，of，on，over，past，since，through，throughout，till（until），to，towards，within等。 （3）表除去，如besides，but，except等。 （4）表比较，如as，like，above，over等。 （5）表反对，如against，with等。 （6）表原因、目的，如for，with，from等。 （7）表结果，如to，with，without等。 （8）表手段、方式，如by，in，with等。 （9）表所属，如of，with等。 （10）表条件，如on，without，considering等。 （11）表让步，如despite，in spite of等。 （12）表关于，如about，concerning，regarding，with regard to，as for，as to等。
英语介词用法大全
英语介词用法大全 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】
介词（The Preposition）又叫做前置词，通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。中国学生在使用英语进行书面或口头表达时，往往会出现遗漏介词或误用介词的错误，因此各类考试语法的结构部分均有这方面的测试内容。 1. 介词的种类 英语中最常用的介词，按照不同的分类标准可分为以下几类： (1). 简单介词、复合介词和短语介词 ①.简单介词是指单一介词。如： at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等。②. 复合介词是指由两个简单介词组成的介词。如： Inside, outside , onto, into , throughout, without , as to as for , unpon, except for 等。 ③. 短语介词是指由短语构成的介词。如： In front of , by means o f, on behalf of, in spite of , by way of , in favor of , in regard to 等。 (2). 按词义分类 {1} 表地点（包括动向）的介词。如： About ,above, across, after, along , among, around , at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between , beyond ,by, down, from, in, into , near, off, on, over, through, throught, to, towards,, under, up, unpon, with, within , without 等。 {2} 表时间的介词。如： About, after, around , as , at, before , behind , between , by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until) , to, towards , within 等。 {3} 表除去的介词。如： beside , but, except等。 {4} 表比较的介词。如： As, like, above, over等。 {5} 表反对的介词。如： againt ,with 等。 {6} 表原因、目的的介词。如： for, with, from 等。 {7} 表结果的介词。如： to, with , without 等。 {8} 表手段、方式的介词。如： by, in ,with 等。 {9} 表所属的介词。如： of , with 等。 {10} 表条件的介词。如：
常用的介词短语
常用介词短语 1.above构成的惯用短语 above all 尤其是，最重要的是above suspicion 无可怀疑above praise 赞美不尽above criticism 无可指责 above reproach 无可厚非above price 价值连城 above one’s head (understanding) 不可理解above one’s income 入不敷出above the average 超过一般水平be above oneself 兴高采烈 2.after构成的惯用短语 after all 毕竟，到底day after day 日复一日 one after another 接二连三page after page一页又一页地year after year 年年岁岁wave after wave一波又一波地bus after bus 公共汽车一辆又一辆time after time 一次又一次 3.at构成的惯用短语 at the sight of 看到at the news of 听到 at one’s ease/ at one’s leisure 在闲暇时at the thought of 想到 at a draft 一口气at liberty 闲暇，自在，随意at peace 处于和平状态，心情平静at large 详细地 at home 安适at one’s height 登峰造极at stake 在危险中at bay 陷入绝境 at one’s convenience 在某人方便时at the end of在…结尾，在…末端 at rest 长眠，静止at a loss 迷茫 at sea 茫然at fault 迷惑 at one’s will 随意at command 依…的命令 at random 随意地at intervals 时时 at one’s mercy 任人支配，有人摆布at expense of 以…为代价 at dusk 黄昏at one’s service 乐意帮助 at length 终于at hand 不远，在身边 at least 至少at the risk of 冒险 at half price of 半价at any rate 至少，无论如何 at most 至多at cost 照原价 at a loss 亏本at a bargain 廉价 at full speed 以全速at a profit 获利 at the risk of 冒…的危险at the point of 就要 4.beyond构成的惯用短语 beyond words 难以言喻beyond all hope 毫无希望
高考英语 介词和动词短语(试题部分)
专题二介词和动词短语 探考情悟真题 【考情探究】 考点考卷 年份 题型 课标全国Ⅰ课标全国Ⅱ课标全国Ⅲ20192018201720162015201920182017201620152019201820172016 介词和介词短语语篇型 填空 (me- thods) of/for (more effective ...) than as(a method) by (car) (less water) than (to and) from (work) at(the same time) (a pack) of (get a degree) in (eat) with (their hands) 短文 改错 删除 for every two years 中的 for; which 前加 in (in the middle) on → (in the middle) of on(the develop- ment of...) →with (the develop- ment of...) in/at (high school) 删除 bought 后的 for on(a shop window) →in (a shop window) 删除 such as 后的 like 删除 realize 后的 of 动词短语语篇 型 填空 2016课标全国Ⅰ考查了动词短语go back to;2016课标全国Ⅱ考查了动词短语be focused on;2018课标全国Ⅲ考查了动词短语search for 短文 改错 2016课标全国Ⅰ考查了动词短语dream of doing sth.;2018课标全国Ⅱ考查了动词短语play the games with sb.;2016课标全国Ⅲ考查了动词短语leave...for... 分析解读 1.在五年高考课标全国卷中语篇型填空、短文改错对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．(如than,as,from,in, with,by,at,to,for,of,on)的基本用法上 ．．．．．．。语篇型填空中介词的考查形式为非提示型,而短文改错中介词的考查形式包括将用错的介词改正和删除多余的介词。 2.在五年高考课标全国卷中语篇型填空 ．．．．．对动词短语的考查形式往往是给出动词 ．．．．．．．,．要求考生在设空处填出与之 ．．．．．．．．．．．． 搭配的介词或副词 ．．．．．．．．。短文改错 ．．．．对动词短语的考查往往是给出动词 ．．．．．．．,．要求考生加上介词、副词或将用错的介词、 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 副词改正 ．．．．。 3.未来高考课标全国卷中语篇型填空、短文改错对介词、动词短语的考查会呈现出复杂化、综合化的特点 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．。
英语中常见名词和介词搭配短语
常见名词和介词搭配短语 1.absence from 缺席，不在如： His long absence from work delayed his promotion. 他长期不上班，耽误了提升。 2. absence of 缺乏如： In the absence of my commanding officer, I acted on my own initiative. 指挥官不在场，我主动见机行事。 In the absence of their teacher the class was in a state of anarchy. 教师不在，班上一片混乱。 3. access to ……的入口，通路如： The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 要到那农舍去唯有穿过田地。 She was forbidden access to the club. 人家不允许她到那个俱乐部去。 4. acquaintance with 相识，了解如： I have only a nodding acquaintance with Japanese.
我对日语仅略知一二。 The guide has some acquaintance with Italian. 导游懂得一点意大利语。 5. action on sth 对……的作用如： evidences of glacial action on the rocks 岩石上的冰河留下的痕迹 6. addition to sth 增加如： She is a beautiful addition to the family. 她是我们家漂亮的新成员。 Can we finance the addition to our home? 我们可以为你提供经费。 7. admission to /into 进入；入(场，学，会等)如： How does one gain admission to the Buckingham Palace? 怎样才能获准进入白金汉宫？ Admission to British universities depends on examination results. 英国大学入学以考试成绩为凭。 8. admission of sth 承认如： His admission of guilt surprised everyone.
英语介词的分类及用法精编版
介词的分类和应用英语介词虽是小词，数量也不多，但它灵活多变，随处可见，功能强大而且难于掌握。在现代英语中，介词的地位非常重要。我们切不可小看这个小角色，不可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫，那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃提高。 英语介词分类:按结构英语介词可分为3类： 1．简单介词（约有70个），如：in，at，on，by，with，down，for，beside，along，across等。 2．分词介词（约15个）如：during，following，considering，regarding，speaking，judging，talking等。 3．成语介词（约有500个）如：out of，apart from（除之外：别无、尚有），because of，by means of用、依靠等。 按意义英语介词可分为3类： 1. 时间介词，如：at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2. 地点介词,如：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside等。 3. 其它介词，如：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等。 介词-- 从不独立行动的精灵 英语介词不可单独使用，只能与不同的此类构成介词短语来在句子中担当一个成分。常用的五种介词短语 1.介词+名词：at the door, into the bag 2.介词+代词: for me, of others 3.介词+动名词: in doing so, to my saying that 4.介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:over what he had better do 5.介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式：on how to do this 其他类型的介词短语 6.介词+介词短语：from across the street, until after dinner 7.介词+副词：from below 8.介词+复合结构：with the light on 9.介词+不定式（but/except)：…did nothing but sleep介词-- 连接词与词纽带 英语经常用介词来表示词与词之间的关系 1. 时间 1）at表示在某一时间点: at 3 o’clock 2）in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点：in 2004 in表示在某段时间的结束点：I’ll see you again in a week. 3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终：during the first period 4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段：on Monday, on Sunday morning 5) by表示不迟于某个时间：by now 2. 地点 1）at表示在某处（而非它处）：at school 2) in表示在内部或某个范围内：in the office 3) on表示在上面与某平面接触：on the table 4) outside表示在某个范围之外：outside world 5) under表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下：under a chair 6) by表示靠近或接近：by the window
(完整版)高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配
高考英语常用介词短语和固定搭配 一．相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在～～帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在～～领导／关心下2. be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于～～之内 lie on 同～～接壤 lie to 位于～～之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以～～名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get one’s own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on one’s way to 在去～～的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 在角落里（内角） on the corner 在角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据～～来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在～～结束时 at the beginning of 在～～开始时 at the back of 在～～背后，支持 at the age of ～～岁时 at the foot of 在～～脚下 at the bottom of 在～～底部 at the top of 在～～顶上 at/on the edge of 在～～边上
介词和介词短语(习题综合演练)
介词和介词短语 巩固练习 一、单项选择 1. The dictionary is what I want, but I don't have enough money _________ me． A．by B．for C．with D．in 2. The writer conveyed a positive attitude through his works. ______, his readers are motivated and are themselves becoming a source of motivation for others. A. On the whole B. In the meanwhile C. In the way D. On the contrary 3. The campaign is _____ only partially successful, so we have to keep on working hard. A. at last B. at latest C. at least D. at best 4. The doctor tried to laugh my brother ____ his fears about the coming operation. A. from B. against C. off D. into 5. University majors should not be ________ market demand and the government should give more support for “unpopular” majors such as literature, history and philosophy. A. in the form of B. in the process of C. at the mercy of D. at the risk of 6. —How long will you work on the farm? —____ the end of next year. A. In B. By C. At D. Since 7. —When did you leave the farm? —___ the end of last year. A. In B. By C. At D. Since 8. Don’t be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy. A. about B. with C. to D. for 9. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often. A. with B. of C. on D. by 10. We've talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now? A. of, with B. with, towards C. about, about D. for, about 11. We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy. A. as B. with C. of D. by 12. ________ fire, all exits must be kept clear. A. In place of B. Instead of C. In case of D. In spite of 13. After the earthquake, the injured were cared _____in the local hospitals or taken by air to the hospitals of neighboring cities. A. of B. for C. after D. with 14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which
介词短语在句中的用法和判别
介词短语在句中的用法和判别 一、介词和介词短语的形式 介词的形式可以是单个的词，如 at, in, by, of 等；也可以由几个词组成，如 out of（出自；在…外），instead of（代替；而不是），because of（由于），in spite of（尽管），by means of（借助于）等；还可以由某些动词的分词形式转化成介词，如 considering（考虑到），including（包括），regarding（关于）等。 介词不能独立担任句子成分，而必须与名词、代词、数词、动名词构成介词短语，有时还可以把副词、介词短语、复合结构和从句作为介词的宾语（参阅第138节宾语例 10～14 等）。兹举例如下： 1.They are friends of the Chinese people. 他们是中国人民的朋友。（介词+名 词） 2.Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的每个东西都是物质。（介词+代 词） 3.Everything divides into two. 事物都是一分为二的。（介词+数词） 4.They work at the instruments factory near here. 他们在这里附近的仪表厂工 作。（介词+副词。本结构详见第140、一。） 5.After reading the book, I got to know something about internet phones. 把这本书 读完之后，我开始对因特网有所了解。（介词+动名词短语） 6.It is understood that this machine is out of action. 不用说，这台机器坏了。 （复合介词+名词） 7.The effects vary from (being) negligible, if below the concentration range, to deadly if above. 如果低于该浓度围，效果是微不足道的；如果高于该围，则 效果是致命的。（介词+动名词短语。注意from和 to 之间插入条件从句， 并且有省略成份。） 8.With water transformed into steam, the locomotive gains a motive force. （等于 As water is transformed into steam,…）随着水变成蒸汽，机车获得了动力。 （介词+复合结构） 9.She is well-qualified in typing and very efficient at her work. 她打字完全合格并 且工作十分有效。（介词+动名词或名词） 10.John is slow at understanding, but you have to be patient with him. 约翰理解 慢，但你得耐心对待他。（同上） 11.a. She is angry with her child. 她跟她的孩子生气。（介词+名词） b. She is angry about her child staying out so late. 她对她的小孩在外逗留那么 晚感到生气。（about 接一个复合结构。） c. They were angry at being asked such a question. 他们对被提问这样一个问题 而感到生气。（at 接一个被动态的动名词短语。）
常用介词短语总结
常用介词短语总结 一、近义介词短语辨析 1. 表示原因(通常在句中作状语) 1) because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系) 2) on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素 3) out of + 抽象名词:常用来引述心理、情感因素,如out of one’s own will(出于自愿) 4) owing / due to:着重把原因归于某事物,既可作状语又可作定语,due to还可以作后置定语,如:Mistakes due to carelessness may cause serious consequence. 由于粗心犯的错误也许会引起严重的后果。 5) thanks to:后面通常接表示积极意义的原因,意为"多亏,幸亏由于"。例句: He walked slowly because of his bad leg. 他腿不好,所以走得很慢。Michel and Billy, on account of their wide experiences in climbing, were voted leaders. 迈克尔与贝利由于有丰富的登山经验,被选为队长。
She did it out of sympathy. 她这样做是出于同情。 Most of the problems were owing/due to human errors. 大部分问题都是由于人为的错误造成的。 Thanks to your energy and intelligence, the development scheme has been finally realized. 多亏了你的精力和智慧,这项发展计划终于实现了。 2. 表示排除 1) with the exception of意义与except, except for相同,但比它们正式 2) apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示"除……之外",相当于except (for), 又可以表示"除……之外,(还,也)"相当于besides。例句: They all passed the physics examination with the exception of Tom. 除汤姆外他们物理考试都及格了。 We had a smooth journey apart from(= except for) a flat tyre. 我们一路上很顺利,只是车胎漏了一次气。 Apart from(= besides) a flat tyre, we had broken brakes. 我们不但车胎漏了气,而且刹车也出了毛病。
高考必背动词短语搭配(以介词划分)---完整版
高考必背动词短语搭配(以介词划分)(完整版) 1.动词+about （介词基本含义：关于; 在周围） talk about谈论think about思考hear about听到关于…的消息know about了解care/ worry/ be worried/ be concerned about 关心，担心complain about 抱怨bring about引起,使发生come about发生 set about doing着手,开始move about 四处搬家wander about 徘徊 get about 流传give about 分配，传播 2.动词+of （介词基本含义：关于；……的） think of想到speak of 说到approve of赞成disapprove of不赞成dream of梦到die of死于hear/ know of听人说起consist of由...组成make fun/a fool/ a joke/a mockery of取笑make use of, take advantage of 利用take care of照看take notice of注意take/get/catch hold of握住 take charge of负责take the place of取代catch sight of看见lose sight of 看不见get into the habit of染上...的习惯get rid of摆脱 3.动词+over （介词基本含义：覆盖） think over仔细考虑turn over翻转，颠覆，移交hand over移交，递交 go over复习,检查,研究get over克服take over接管fall over跌倒,摔倒look over仔细查看watch over看守,照看 4.动词+away （介词基本含义：离开） throw away 扔掉blow away吹走wash away冲走clear away清除掉,消散pass away 去世take/carry away拿走put away收拾起来give away泄露5.动词+back （介词基本含义：回） call back回电话look back回顾hold back控制住take back拿回,收回 give back归还pay back 还(钱) 6.动词+for （介词基本含义：为了） ask for要求得到wait for等候long/be eager/be thirsty for渴望care for关心,喜欢call for要求,需要change for用...换apply for申请look/search/hunt for 寻找stand for代表beg for乞求run for竞选charge for要价provide sth. for sb. 向某人提供某物take…for granted认为理所当然make room/way/a place for为...让地方 7.动词+to （介词基本含义：向，到）（介词to后面跟动词的话应用v-ing形式）belong to属于refer to(the dictionary)谈到,涉及,参阅turn to转向...(求助) add to增添point to指向reply to答复object/ be opposed to反对stick/hold/keep to坚持agree to同意devote to贡献给lead to导致,通向compare to与...相比,把...比作offer/supply sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 come to 共计,苏醒bring to使苏醒see/attend to处理,料理 get to到达get close to接近get used to习惯于add up to总计 set an example to为...树立榜样pay a visit to访问give way to 让路，让步pay attention to注意look up to仰望,尊敬look forward to盼望 8.动词+at （介词基本含义：向小地点） look at看,注视stare at凝视glance at匆匆一瞥glare at怒视shout at冲某人嚷嚷smile at冲某人笑point at指向laugh at嘲笑 knock at敲门,窗等aim at向...瞄准 9.动词+on （介词基本含义：上） get on上车go/keep/ carry on继续put on穿上,戴上have on穿着 try on试穿spend on在...花钱depend/rely on依靠insist on坚持 move on 继续移动,往前走feed/live on以...为生take on 雇佣,呈现 look on 旁观call on拜访call on sb. to do 号召某人做某事 pass on传授,传递turn/switch on打开keep an eye on照看，留意 10.动词+off （介词基本含义：脱离） get off下车start /set off出发take off脱下,起飞show off炫耀 see/send off送行put off推迟cut off切断,断绝keep off避开,使不接近knock off把...撞落pay off还清turn/switch off关掉fall off跌落,掉下
介词和介词短语的概念
?介词和介词短语的概念： 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。 ?误用介词的三种情况： 1、多用介词： 多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错： 误：We discussed about the plan. 正：We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。 误：Did he mention about the accident? 正：Did he mention the accident? 他提到那次事故了吗? 误：I saw her enter into the bank. 正：I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。 误：He married with[to] a nurse. 正：He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。 误：How can contact with you? 正：How can contact you? 我怎么与你联系? 误：We should serve for the people heart and soul. 正：We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。 误：Who controls over the factory? (但名词control可接over) 正：Who controls the factory? 谁管理这个工厂? 误：He has a great many of friends here. (比较a great number of) 正：He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。 2、漏用介词： 漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等：误：This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理) 正：This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。 误：He is not a man to be depended. 正：He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。 误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story. 正：He took a cup of tea, and wentonwiththestory.他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。 误：My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider…as中的as可省略) 正：My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。 误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us. 正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。 误：What he says is worth listening. 正：What he said is worth listening to.他的话值得一听。 3、错用介词： 错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错：