P165阅读理解31Hurricane Katrina卡特里娜飓风

is derived 源于 from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god1. Hurricanes are typical of2 a calm 平静 central 中心 region 区域 of low pressure
低压
between 12 to 60 miles in diameter 直径, known as the eye. They occur in
平方
miles in its wake11 — almost the size of the UK. Thousands have been
killed 死 or injured 受伤 and more than half a million people have been displaced 无家可归 in a humanitarian 人道主义的注释 crisis 危机 of a scale 度 not seen in the US since the great depression 萧条.12 The cost of the damage may top13 $ 100 billion. 一开始,当风速达到每小时 23 英里时,这些温和、潮湿灰色的气候 系统被称做低气压区。2005 年的 8 月 23 日,卡特里娜飓风以这种方式在巴哈马群 岛东南形成。卡特里娜飓风对美国的墨西哥湾沿岸造成了毁灭性打击。其后留下了 面积为 9 万平方英里的受灾区域——几乎和英国的面积一样大。 数以千计的人因此 伤亡。 五十多万人被迫离开家园,如 此大规模的人道主义危机是美国自大萧条以来 还未经历过的。此次飓风造成的破坏可能超过 l 千亿美元。 1. What is the eye of a hurricane? 飓风的眼睛是什么？ A A native American storm god. 一种美国本土风暴神。 B A rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to 1240 miles in diameter. 一种热带风暴的旋转形式，可以在直径 124 到 1240 英里的地方 C A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter. 一个平静的中部地区，在 12 到 60 英里之间的压力很低。 D A storm that can release as much energy as 10,000 nuclear bombs. 一场
tropical regions. Over its lifetime3, one of these storms can release 释放 as much energy 能量 as 10,000 nuclear 核 bombs4. 飓风是一种猛烈、强力、螺旋 形式的热带风暴。直径可达 124 到 1240 英里。飓风 hurricane 一词是由 Hurican 一词衍生而来,指印第安人风暴之神的名字。 飓风的特征是其中心的无风区域,那里 的气压低,直径在 12 到 60 英里之间,被称做风眼。它们在热带区域出现。在飓风肆 虐的整个过程中,有一种飓风可释放相当于 1 万颗核弹的能量。 （二）The seed 起因 for hurricane formation 形成 5 is①a cluster 一群,一束 of thunderstorms 雷暴 over ②warm tropical waters 水域. Hurricanes can only form and be fed6 when the ③sea-surface temperature 温度 exceeds 超过 27°and the ④surrounding atmosphere 大气层 is calm 平静. These requirements 要求 are met 满足 between June and November in the northern hemisphere(地球的)半球. 飓风 形成的原因是由于雷暴聚集在温暖的热带水面之上。只有当海平面的温度超过 27 摄氏度并且周围的空气稳定时,飓风才能形成,壮大。 在六月到十一月之间的北半球 这些条件可被达到。 （三）Under these conditions, large quantities of water evaporate
（使）挥发 （使）蒸发，
and condense 使冷却凝结；使浓缩 into clouds and rain — releasing heat 热量 in the
process 过程. It is this heat energy, combined 兼备 with the rotation 旋转，转动 of the Earth, that drives 驱动 a hurricane. 在这种情况下,大量的水蒸气凝结成云 和雨,并在此过程中释放热量。正是这些热能,加上地球的自转驱动着飓风。 （四）When the warm column 圆柱 of air7 from the sea surface 表面 first begins
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能释放 10000 枚核弹的风暴。 2. Which of the following is NOT the “requirements” mentioned in the second paragraph? 下列哪一项不是“要求”在二段所提到的？ A The tropical waters are warm and calm. 热带的水是温暖和平静的。 B The sea-surface temperature exceeds 27°C. 海表面温度超过 27 角。 C There are thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. 在温暖的热带水域有 雷暴。 D The atmosphere surrounding the sea is calm. 海上的气氛平静。 3. Which of the following is the best explanation of the word “drive” in the third paragraph? 下面哪一个是最好的解释，在第三段的“驱动器”？ A To guide, control, or direct. 指导，控制或直接。 B To force to go through or push in. 乙对力通过或推动 C To supply the motive force or power and cause to function. 供给动力或 动力并导致功能。 D To force to move in a particular direction. 用力向特定方向移动。 4. What does the warm air mentioned in the fourth paragraph produce when it is rising from the sea surface? 在第四款产品中，在海面上升起的时候， 空气中的暖空气是什么？ A High pressure 高压力. B Low pressure. 低压力 C Wind. 风 D Cold air. 冷 空气 5. What is NOT true of Hurricane Katrina according to the last paragraph? 根据最后一段，卡特丽娜飓风的真实性是什么？ A The area affected is almost the size of the UK. 受影响的地区几乎是英国 的规模。 B It left a disaster zone of 90,000 square miles.它离开了一个 90000 平方 英里的灾难区。 C Half a million people are forced to leave the area. 半一百万人被迫离开 该地区 D The humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression. 人道主义危机和大萧条一样严重。
持，持续 31:Hurricane Katrina 卡特里娜飓风 （一） A hurricane is a fiercely 猛烈 powerful , rotating 旋转，转动 form of tropical
热带
storm 风暴 that can be 124 to 1,240 miles in diameter 直径. The term hurricane
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to rise, it causes an area 区域 of low pressure. This in turn creates wind as air is drawn into the area 区域. This spinning 旋转 wind drags up more moisture-laden 充满水分的，充满湿度的 air from the sea surface in a process that swells the storm8. Cold air falls back to the ocean surface through the eye9 and on the outside of the storm. 当海平面的柱状暖气流首次开始上升时,它会引起 一片低气压区。而这连带地形成了风,因为空气被吸引流动进这一低气压区域。这 一旋转运动的风带起了海面上更多的充满水汽的空气。这一过程增大了暴风的威 力。冷空气通过暴风中心降回海面,落到暴风外围。 （五）Initially 开始/启动, when wind speeds 速度 reach 23 miles per hour, these mild 温和, wet 潮湿 and grey weather systems are known as depressions10. Hurricane Katrina formed 形成 in this way over the southeastern Bahamas on 23 August 2005. Katrina has had a devastating（=damage）毁灭性 impact 冲击、影响 on the Gulf Coast of the US, leaving 留下 a disaster 天灾 zone 地带 of 90,000 square