课时作业(三)

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教科版(2017秋)六年级科学下册基础知识梳理课时作业练习-3-6 浩瀚的宇宙(含答案)

第6课时浩瀚的宇宙1.天空中所观察到的星星大多数也是和太阳一样发光发热的恒星，它们有的也会组成类似太阳系一样的天体系统。

2.太阳系只是银河系中一个极为普通的天体系统。

银河系是约由2000亿~4000亿颗恒星组成的恒星集团。

3.通过银河系的“俯视图”和“侧视图”，我们可以更加全面地了解银河系。

银河系像一个盘子，银盘直径约10万光年；又像一个旋涡，有多条旋臂。

太阳在其中一条猎户座支臂上，距离银河系中心约2.6万光年。

银河系中的天体围绕着银河系的中心高速公转。

4.通过太空望远镜，人们发现银河系以外还有许多类似银河系一样庞大的恒星集团，比如仙女座星系、猎户座星系。

它们大小不一，直径从几千光年到几十万光年不等；它们形状各异，有椭圆的，有旋涡状的，有不规则的……。

这些星系都在高速运动着。

5.宇宙是由类似太阳系、银河系、河外星系等大小不同的天体系统组成的庞大的系统，科学家认为，宇宙诞生于上百亿年前的一次大爆炸。

通过观察，我们的宇宙还处于膨胀之中……6.宇宙中每时每刻都有许多恒星在诞生，同时也有许多恒星在消亡。

恒星都在不停地高速运动，有些恒星自身还有节奏地膨胀和收缩，有些恒星还不断地向外抛射物质……宇宙充满了活力。

课时作业一、判断题1.星系的形状都是扁平形状的。

（）2.河外星系在不断地靠近我们。

（）3.宇宙可能诞生于很久以前的一次大爆炸。

（）4.我们观察到的天空中的星星大多数也是和太阳一样发光发热的恒星，它们有的也会组成和太阳系相似的天体系统。

（）5.银河系中的天体围绕着银河系的中心高速公转。

（）6.银河系只是浩瀚宇宙中的一小部分。

（）7.光年是一个时间单位。

（）8.恒星是永恒的星球,它们永远不会消亡。

（）9.宇宙中每时每刻都有许多恒星诞生,同时也有许多恒星消亡。

（）10.太阳是银河系中唯一能够自身发光的恒星。

（）11.宇宙空间分布着大小不同的天体系统，银河系只是其中之一。

（）12.宇宙中的星系秩序井然，星系之间不会发生碰撞的情况。

物质的量及其单位——摩尔摩尔质量课时提升作业(三) 1.3.1

4.(LK必修1·P26改编)咖啡含有咖啡因(化学式为C8H10N4O2),咖啡因能兴奋中枢神经、消除疲劳。下列有关说法正确的是 ( ) A.咖啡因的摩尔质量为194 g B.0.194 g咖啡因的物质的量为0.001 mol C.0.194 g咖啡因分子数为6.02×1021 D.19.4 g咖啡因原子数为1.444 8×1023
3.(LK必修1·P28改编)相同物质的量的SO2和SO3,下列说法不正确的是 () A.分子数之比为1∶1 B.硫原子数之比为1∶1 C.氧原子数之比为1∶1 D.质量之比为4∶5
【解析】选C。 n(SO2)=n(SO3),N(SO2)=n(SO2)·NA,N(SO3)=n(SO3)·NA, 故N(SO2)∶N(SO3)=n(SO2)∶n(SO3)=1∶1,硫原子数为1∶1,氧原子数之比为2∶3,质量之比为64∶80=4∶5。
【拓展深化】物质的量与粒子数 (1)1 mol任何粒子中都含有相同数目的粒子。相同物质的量的任何粒子中都含有相同数目的粒子。分子数目相同,则其物质的量相同,这与物质的存在状态无关。 (2)粒子数目之比等于其物质的量之比,即 N1 n1 。
N2 n2
【典题训练】(2015·连云港高一检测)下列说法正确的是 ( ) A.摩尔是表示物质量的单位,每摩尔物质含有6.02×1023个分子 B.2H既可表示2个氢原子,又可表示2 mol氢原子 C.1 mol氯含有6.02×1023个微粒 D.阿伏加德罗常数数值等于6.02×1023
2.(2015·海口高一检测)下列说法中正确的是 ( )
①1 mol O的质量是16 g·mol-1 ②Na+的摩尔质量是23 g·mol-1 ③
CO2的摩尔质量是44 g·mol-1 ④氢的摩尔质量是2 g·mol-1

【语文版】高中选修-中国现当代散文鉴赏：第3课《道士塔》课时作业(含答案)

第3课道士塔一、根底知识1．以下词语中,加点字的注音全都正确的一组是()A．坍．弛(tān)酝酿．(niànɡ)歆．羡(yīn)官僚．(liáo)B．炽．热(chí) 缕．缕(liǔ) 勋．爵(xūn) 喧哗．(huá)C．洞穴．(xuē) 为难(．ɡà) 肮．脏(ānɡ) 倒溯．(sù)D．凛冽．(liè) 呆滞．(zhì) 跋．涉(bá) 蹊跷．(qiāo)2．以下词语的书写全部正确的一组是()A．圆形树一木桩晃动滔滔不绝|B．凛冽垒以青砖枯燥极大抚慰C．逃荒无可辨驳歆羡出现裂缝D．蕴酿肮脏灵魂遗憾十分佩服3．依次填入以下各句横线处的词语,最|恰当的一组是()①他从外国冒险家手里接过极少的钱财,让他们把________的敦煌文物一箱箱运走.②他们也已在窗明几净的书房里翻动出土经卷,______着书写朝代了.③略略交谈几句,就知道了道士的________ .原先设想好的种种方案纯属多余,道士要的只是一笔最|轻松的小买卖.A．不计其数推断品位B．难以计数推测品味C．不计其数推断品味D．难以计数推测品位4．以下各句中,标点符号使用正确的一项为哪一项()A．但是,他太卑微、太渺小、太愚昧,最|大的倾泄也只是对牛弹琴,换得一个漠然的表情.B．道士想起了自己的身份- -一个道士,何不在这里搞上几个天师、灵官菩萨?C．我甚至|想向他跪下,低声求他： "请等一等,等一等……〞但是等什么呢?我脑中依然一片惨白.D．一箱子,又一箱子；一大车,又一大车.都装好了,扎紧了,驾…… ,车队出发了.二、精品阅读(一)散文阅读阅读下文,答复5～8题.永恒的坐标余秋雨终于来到了奥林匹亚.没想到这个人类的体育圣地会有这么好的风景,在快要到达之时就已经是密树森森、清溪浅浅,道路、房舍也变得越来越齐整,空气中洋溢着一种不知来自何处的自然清香.一脚踏入圣地,你一定会猛然停步,因为你被一种阵势吓着了：无数苍老的巨石,不管是当年的楼础、殿基还是雕塑,全都从千年的颓废或掩埋中踉跄走出,整整齐齐地排列在大道两旁.就像无数古代老将军烟尘满面地站立着,接受现代人的检阅.这条大道看不到尽头,只知道它通向一个最|简单的终点：为了人类的健康.见到了宙斯神殿和希拉神殿,搞清了古代每次运动会前点燃圣火的路线,抬头仰首|云天的无数石柱,不能不成认,健康是他们的宗教.走进一个连环拱廊,便到了人类黎明最|重要的竞技场.跑道四周的观众看台是一个绿草茵茵的环形斜坡,能坐四万人,中间有几个石座,那是主裁判和贵宾的席位.……漫步在奥林匹亚,我很少说话,领受着不同的文明冲撞.我们也有灿烂的文化,但把健康的概念如此强烈地纳入文明,并被全人类接受,实在是希腊文明值得我们永远仰望的地方.古代希腊追求人的双重健康：智力的健康和肢体的健康.智力的健康毋须多言,正如一些西方学者所说,在哲学、伦理学、逻辑学、数学、美学、医学、法学等等领域,我至|今仍是用希腊的根底话语在思考；肢体的健康更有一系列强大的证明,例如今天全世|界还在以奥林匹克和马拉松的名义进行体育竞赛,希腊的人体雕塑至|今仍是人类形体美无可企及的标本.把智力健康和肢体健康发挥到极致然后再集合在一起,才是他们有关人的完整理想.我不止一次看到出土的古希腊哲学家和贤者的全身雕像,大多是须发茂密,肌肉兴旺,身上只披一幅布,以别针和腰带固定,上身有一半袒露,赤着脚,偶尔也有鞋,除了忧郁沉思的眼神,其他与运发动没有太大的差异.别的文明多多少少也有这两方面的提倡,但做起来常常顾此失彼,或流于愚勇,或流于酸腐,或追慕骑士,或仿效寒士,很少设想两相熔铸、两相提升的健全状态.因此,奥林匹亚是永恒的世|界坐标.我历来认为各种伟大文明都自成结构,很难拆开了作局部比拟,但在奥林匹亚,我明确无误地感受了古代中华文明的差距,而这个差距的产生,不是由于局部,而是关及人的整体.中华文明较少关注个体意义和机体意义上的自我,在人际关系作了太多的文章.结果,真正的健全缺少标志,缺少赛场,只有一些孤独的个人,在林泉间悄悄强健,又悄悄衰老.(余秋雨?千年一叹?) 5．从全文看,为什么说奥林匹亚是 "永恒的世|界坐标〞?答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______6．作者写 "无数苍老的巨石,不管是当年的楼础……接受现代人的检阅〞.(1)作者写这段话表达的意思和作用是什么?答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______(2)这段话用了什么手法?答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______7．作者在文中说： "我明确无误地感受到了古代中华文明的差距.〞这个差距的实质是什么呢?答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________8．文末的 "只有一些孤独的个人,在林泉间悄悄强健,又悄悄衰老〞的含义是什么?答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______(二)触摸（高|考）(2021·江西卷)阅读下面的文字,完成9～12题.饮一口汨罗江熊召政汨罗一水,迤迤逦逦,在中国的诗史中,已经流了两千多年.诗人如我辈,视之为愤世嫉俗之波的,不乏其人；取它一瓢饮者,更是大有人在.当然,饮的不是玉液琼浆,而是在漫长的春秋中浊了又清,清了又浊的苦涩.这苦涩,比秋茶更酽.这会儿,我正在汨罗江的岸边,掬起一杯浑黄得叫人失望的江水.为了在端午节这一天,饮一口汨罗江的水,我可是千里奔驰特意赶来的啊!脖子一扬,我,饮了一口汨罗.立刻,我感觉到,就像有一条吐着芯子的蛇窜入我的喉管,冰凉而滑溜,在我肝胆心肺间穿行,如同在烟雨迷蒙的天气里穿过三峡的蛟龙.愤世嫉俗的味道真苦啊!同行人大概看出我脸色难堪,埋怨说： "叫你不要喝你偏要喝,这水太脏了.〞我报以苦笑.朋友继续说： "你们诗人都是疯子,不过,也像圣徒.恒河的水污染那么严重,圣徒们也是长途跋涉,非得跑到那里去喝一口.〞我得成认,朋友这么说,并不是嘲笑我,他只是不理解.我的行囊中,带有青岛啤酒和可口可乐,为什么,我非得饮这浑黄的汨罗?这小小的隔膜,让我想起禅家的一段公案.一次,著名禅师药山惟俨看到一个和尚,问： "你从哪里来?〞和尚答： "我从湖南来.〞药山又问： "湖水是不是在泛滥?〞答： "湖水还没有泛滥.〞药山接着说： "奇怪,下那么多雨,湖水为什么没有泛滥?〞和尚对此没有满意的答复.因而药山的弟子云岩说： "是在泛滥.〞同时,药山另一个弟子东山大叫道： "何劫中不曾泛滥!〞细细品味这句话,不得不佩服禅家独特的思维品质.何水不脏?我想对朋友当头棒喝的这四个字,根源于何劫中不曾泛滥的追问.不过,那四个字我终究没有问出口.然而由禅家推及诗家,我想得更多了.汛期湖水泛滥,每个人都看得到.可是,干旱季节的湖水泛滥,又有几个人能感觉到呢?屈原淹死在汨罗江,这是大家都知道的.但汨罗不只是湖北的这一条,也不尽然是由波涛组成,知道这一点的,恐怕更是微乎其微了.何劫中不曾泛滥!还可以推补一句,何处没有汨罗江?嵇康的汨罗江,是一曲裂人心魄的?广陵散?；李白的汨罗江,是一片明月；苏东坡的汨罗江,是一条走不到尽头的贬谪之路；秋瑾的汨罗江,是一把砍头的大刀；闻一多的汨罗江,是一颗穿胸的子弹……到这里,我禁不住问自己：你的汨罗江会是什么呢?据考证,屈原本姓熊,是我的同宗.从知道他的那一天起,他就是我写诗做人的坐标.每当灾难来临,我就想到那形形色色的汨罗江.好屡次,当我的愤怒无法宣泄,我就想跑到这里来,跳进去.让汨罗再汨罗一回.今天,我真的站到了这汨罗江的岸边,饮了一口浑黄后,我的愤怒被淹灭了,浮起的是从来也没有经历过的惆怅.江面上,二三渔舟以一种 "与尔同销万古愁〞的悠然,从我眼前飘过.不知道屈原为何许人也的渔翁,一网撒去,捞回来的是最|为奢侈的五月的阳光.偶尔有几条鱼苗,看上去像二月的柳叶,也被渔翁扔进了鱼篓.那也是他的收获啊!醉翁之意不在酒,而渔翁之意,却是肯定在于鱼的.中国的渔翁形象,从劝屈原 "何不随其流而逐其波〞的那一位,到 "惯看秋月春风〞的那一位,都是明哲保身的遁世者,权力更迭,人间兴废,与他们毫不相干.船头上一坐,就着明月,两三条小鱼,一壶酒,他们活得好逍遥啊!你看这条因屈原而名垂千古的汨罗江上,屈原早就不见了,而渔翁仍在.这就是我的惆怅所在.一位清代的湖南诗人写过这么一首|诗：萧瑟寒塘垂竹枝,长桥屈曲带涟漪.持竿不是因鲂鲤,要斫青光写楚辞.看来,这位诗人的心态和我差不多,又想当屈子,又想当渔翁,结果是两样都当不好,鱼和熊掌不可兼得,古人早就这么说过.既如此,我的饮一口汨罗的朝圣心情,到此也就索然了.归去罢,归去来兮,说不定东湖边上的小书斋,就是我明日的汨罗. (选自?问花笑谁：熊召政美文精选? ,有删改)9．结合文意,概括 "汨罗江〞的两种主要含义.(每种不超过15个字)答：(1)________________________________________________________________________(2)______________________________________________________________ __________10．从文中看,作者的情感经历了怎样的变化?答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _______11． "渔翁〞在文中有何寓意?其作用是什么?答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______12．以下对这篇散文的理解和赏析,不正确．．．的两项是()A．作者认为,汨罗一水,迤迤逦逦,在中国已经流了两千多年,浑黄而不清澈,因此,它的味道是苦涩的.B．在作者朋友眼中,诗人的追求是崇高的,但行为是怪异的,所以他们是 "圣徒〞与 "疯子〞的矛盾集合体.C．文中 "禅家公案〞一段,在结构上起过渡作用,承上启下,拓展了文章的表现空间.D． "嵇康的汨罗江〞一段,作者巧用比喻、排比等修辞手法,使文章形象生动,语势增强.E．作者又想当屈子,又想当渔翁,但虑及鱼和熊掌不可兼得,因而决定躲进书斋,做一个明哲保身的人.三、语言运用13．请根据下面一段话中提供的信息,以单句的形式为作家莫言所说的 "文学意义〞下一个定义,不超过35字.文学不要求客观和统一,甚至|可以说,惟有那种高度主观的、与大家的感觉不同的感觉,才属于文学.你写城里的道路是沥青铺成的,这没有什么独特的文学审美意味,但如果一个打工仔产生了幻觉,在幻觉中发现城里的道路像他奶奶那根用了多年的又白又长的裹脚布,这就具有了文学意义.(莫言?城乡经验和写作者的位置- -在台北出版节 "作家之夜〞的发言?) 答：_____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________14．论坛留言是网络时代的新生事物,很多中学生参与其中,主要是对当前国内外发生的重大事件或焦点新闻人物发表自己的随感.请你为以下文字写一那么留言.要求：观点明确,分析恰当,语言通顺,条理清楚,不超过80字.(新浪网)中国文物学会长城研究会会长成大林在谈到长城保护问题时,认为"应该将当地老百姓的利益与长城捆绑起来,引导他们,让长城成为老百姓的经济来源,这样他们自然就会保护这棵‘摇钱树 , ,而不是去破坏〞.答：_____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______1．D[A项歆xīn .B项炽chì ,缕lǚ .C项穴xué .]2．B[A项"树〞应为"竖〞.C项"辨〞应为"辩〞.D项"蕴〞应为"酝〞.]3．D[不计其数：无法计算数目,形容极多.难以计数：很难计算数目.推测：指根据事理去推断.推断：它的意思重在断定,它的结论一定是正确的,肯定的.品味：a.品尝,尝试滋味；b.仔细体会,玩味；c.物品的品质和风味.品位：a.指官吏的品级| ,官阶；b.矿石中有用元素或它的化合物含量的百分率,含量的百分率愈大,品位越高；c.物品质量,文艺作品所到达的水平.] 4．C[A项文中的两个顿号改为逗号,因为并列的谓语成份之间不能用顿号,只能用逗号；B项破折号改为逗号,因为前面已出现"道士〞,不存在解释身份的问题；D项"驾〞后的省略号改为破折号.]5．因为奥林匹亚是①永远值得人类敬仰的体育圣地(或 "人类体育精神永远不可更改的准那么〞)；②人类的肢体健康与智力健康发挥到极致的完美统一体.6．(1)突出了圣地虽然年代久远,却仍给人一种威严或庄重之感,引起了人们对古希腊文明的深沉思考.(2)采用了拟人和比喻的手法.7．古希腊文明把健康纳入文明,关注人的整体,追求人的双重健康；而中华文明极少关注个体意义和机体意义上的自我.8．指只有极少数人既注重智力开展,又注重肢体健康,在被人遗忘的大自然中自生自灭,不被社会发现和重视.9．(1)忧国忧民者的精神寄托；(2)忧国忧民者苦难的象征；(3)屈原殉国之处.(任选其中两项即可)解析文中 "诗人如我辈,视之为愤世嫉俗之波的,不乏其人〞 "愤世嫉俗的味道真苦啊!〞两句表现了 "我〞对 "汨罗江〞的理解是 "愤世嫉俗〞及 "愤世嫉俗〞者的苦难,再联系 "嵇康的汨罗江〞一段,就可以判断 "汨罗江〞的含义不仅仅是 "愤世嫉俗〞,还有为国捐躯、为民请命的忧国情怀.10．(1)愤世嫉俗(愤怒)(2)惆怅(3)索然(失望)解析从 "愤世嫉俗的味道真苦啊!〞 "我的愤怒被淹灭了,浮起的是从来也没有经历过的惆怅〞 "我的饮一口汨罗的朝圣心情,到此也就索然了〞几句可以理出作者的情感历程.11．寓意：①指只关注眼前物质利益的人；②指明哲保身的遁世者.作用：与愤世嫉俗的屈原形成鲜明的比照,以凸显屈原的高尚,表达作者对现实的感慨.解析从 "醉翁之意不在酒,而渔翁之意,却是肯定在于鱼的〞 "都是明哲保身的遁世者〞两句可概括出 "渔翁〞的寓意."你看这条因屈原而名垂千古的汨罗江上,屈原早就不见了,而渔翁仍在〞一句点明了写渔翁的作用.12．AE[A项"味道〞的"苦涩〞既是水味的苦,又是作者心理感受的苦.E项"因而决定躲进书斋,做一个明哲保身的人〞错,从全文看,作者对"做一个明哲保身的人〞是持否认态度的. "说不定东湖边上的小书斋,就是我明日的汨罗〞一句说明作者是始终坚持"汨罗〞精神的.]13．文学意义指凭借高度主观的、与大家的感觉不同的感觉发现的独特的审美意味.14．例如：①经济利益与保护意识有一定的联系,但是杀鸡取卵的事情在现实中屡见不鲜.为了自身的经济利益而去破坏文物,或者是进行破坏性开发、破坏性建设的例子在我国还少吗?②将长城保护与当地老百姓经济利益挂钩,能将责、权、利有机结合在一起,有利于调动老百姓的积极性,能使得保护工作落到实处.③长城的保护不能停留于经济利益的低层面上,功利性的劝说只会导致功利性的"保护〞,树立对长城的自豪感,加强责任感,严格按照法律保护,强化监督,才是保护长城的大道.。

高三英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Celebration课时作业北师大版必修1(1)

课时作业(三) [模块1 Unit 3 Celebration](限时：40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AEverybody is familiar with Christmas music；it's played everywhere.Whether it's the music from a grocery store or random(随机的)songs on the radio，holiday music remains to flood in the air from the day after Thanksgiving Day to the beginning of December.Christmas music gets extremely overplayed through the holiday season.“I think the common seasonal Christmas music is annoying because it keeps being played over and over，” said j unior Devin McFarland.The Christmas music still played today is what she heard in her childhood.Some famous Christmas songs have never been changed.The original music is played so much that in some cases people dream about or even sing Christmas music in their sleep.She wishes that there was a wider variety of songs.She likes the newer Christmas songs that bands either remake or write themselves.“They have a fresher sound to Christmas songs，and they add their own characteristics to them so that they are more like their own songs，” McFarland explained.Christmas is known as a happy and homecoming festival，so the holiday season is meant to be spent happily with your family.It is recognized that the music media wants to get the point across and add to the festival atmosphere.But isn't the music being pushed to the public too much?Most grocery stores play the music nonstop，Christmas song after Christmas song，disgusting the customers who don't like that kind of music.You can walk through stores and attempt turning off the music，but sometimes it's impossible to do so.On the other hand，almost everyone has witnessed random persons walking along happily and either singing or whistling the tune of the song that's played throughout the store.1．Why does Devin think common seasonal Christmas music is annoying? A．Because the music is played at random.B．Because it has become more commercial.C．Because the music is played too much.D．Because everyone is familiar with Christmas.2．According to the writer，Christmas music or songs need________．A．reforming B．repeatingC．replaying D．reserving3．The music media hopes to inform the public of the idea that ________．A．Christmas should be celebrated with family happilyB．Christmas songs should be more traditionalC．Christmas music should be pushed to the publicD．Christmas music and songs attract more customers4．What is the passage mainly about?A．People love to listen to original Christmas music.B．Everybody has been tired of Christmas songs and music.C．Christmas music can bring more happiness to the public.D．Christmas music is calling for changing and updating.BWhen you're lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera，the stresses (压力) of the world seem a million miles away.Hey，stop! This is no vacation—you have to finish something! Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic (评论家) Edie Jarolim.“I always loved travelling and always liked to eat，but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things，” Jarolim said.Now you can read her travel advice everywhere—in Arts and Antiques，in Brides，or in one of her three books，The Complete Idiot Travel Guide to Mexico's Beach Resorts. Her job in travel writing began some eight years ago.After getting a PhD in English in Canada，she took a test for Frommer's travel guides，passed it，and got the job.After working at Frommer's，Jarolim worked for a while at Rough Guides in London，then Fodor's，where she fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the US that she moved there.Now as a travel writer，she spends onethird of her year on the road.The rest of the time is spent completing her tasks and writing reviews of restaurants at home in Tucson，Arizona.As adventurous as the job sounds，the hard part is factchecking all the information.Sure，it's great to write about a tourist attraction，but you'd better get the local (当地的) museum hours correct or you could really ruin someone's vacation.5．Which country does Jarolim live in now?A．Mexico. B．The US.C．The UK. D．Canada.6．What is most difficult for Jarolim?A．Working in different places to collect information.B．Checking all the facts to be written in the guides.C．Finishing her work as soon as possible.D．Passing a test to write travel guides.7．What do we know about Jarolim from the text?A．She is successful in her job.B．She finds her life full of stresses.C．She spends half of her time travelling.D．She is especially interested in museums.8．Which would be the best title for the text?A．Adventures in travel writingB．Working as a food criticC．Travel guides on the marketD．Vacationing for a livingⅡ.完形填空I had the perfect life before I discovered my father had cancer.No matter how much I told myself he could __9__，that he might not leave us behind，__10__ I still felt as if it was a death sentence.He was so young，only 63.He fought so hard.Whenever I feel my own life taking a turn for the worse，__11__ things will never get better，I remember how many years he lived__12__ such a scary and difficult disease.When he died，he died with a huge__13__ going on around him，with all his friends and adult family.They ate and drank and__14__ Father's life.He died with dignity and honour，__15__ by loved ones.I honestly don't know how I managed.I never cried alone.I had the__16__ of my friends and the support of my family and teachers.I just remembered my father's__17__ that we should celebrate his life.That's how we__18__ the idea for Hives for Lives—a business my sister and I started where all the__19__ go to the American Cancer Society (ACS)．We__20__ honey，honeycomb，beeswax candles，and lip cream，which all come from our beehives in Virginia.It started out __21__，2 years ago，with just an idea.__22__ our first year we donated $2，000 to the ACS.This year we donated $10，000 and we're hoping to do more next year.__23__ our business will help find a cure or just improve the life of someone with__24__．I feel like Hives for Lives is a way to__25__ my father.With Hives for Lives__26__ me of my father every day，I feel as if I can move on in life，that he will always be__27__ in my heart and memories.It made me able to cope with his __28__，because I felt like I had truly honoured his wish of celebrating his life.I hope he is smiling from heaven.9．A.live B．succeedC．compete D．struggle10．A.otherwise B．thereforeC．somehow D．anyway11．A.in case B．as ifC．so that D．even though12．A.treating B．curingC．spreading D．fighting13．A.party B．weddingC．operation D．appointment14．A.celebrated B．cancelledC．protected D．delivered15．A.abandoned B．ignoredC．surrounded D．buried16．A.experience B．companyC．power D．advantage17．A.request B．businessC．schedule D．wish18．A.got along with B．kept up withC．got away from D．came up with19．A.sources B．profitsC．salaries D．awards20．A.collect B．sellC．return D．purchase21．A.equal B．differentC．empty D．small22．A.During B．ByC．For D．Of23．A.Finally B．GraduallyC．Hopefully D．Fortunately24．A.trouble B．disabilityC．cancer D．depression25．A.honour B．rewardC．defend D．congratulate26．rming B．accusingC．reminding D．warning27．A.energetic B．aliveC．easygoing D．active28．A.illness B．hardshipC．attitude D．deathⅢ.语法填空Jenny: I am having a few of my old classmates to my home for a reunion next Friday evening. Could you join us?Diana: Jenny, thank you for the __29__(invite). I would enjoy __30__(meet) the friends you have spoken about. I will need to speak with Jack to see __31__he is free today.Jenny: I'll serve dinner at __32__8: 00 pm. Does that time __33__(suitable) you both? Diana: 8：00 sounds fine. I'll speak to Jack tonight and I will call you __34__make sure of that.Jenny: Thank you, Diana. I will be at home tonight from 7：30. Do you have __35__ telephone number?Diana: Yes, I do.Jenny: If you can come __36__ Friday night, I will give you my address and direction. Diana: Thank you, Jenny. Is the party to celebrate __37__ special event? Jenny: The party is for you and Jack to meet a few new people.Diana: Jenny, it is very kind of you __38__(do) this.29．________30.________31.________32.________33.________34．________35.________36.________37.________38.________Ⅳ.短文改错After watch English TV last Sunday morning, I phoned my classmate and told him to go to see a film in the afternoon. Before the film was over, we returned to school to do our lessons. While we are having a rest in the corridor, I saw Mr Liu, my head teacher. He told me that we had made some progresses in English, but my Chinese lagged behind, especially my Chinese composition. He suggested I must read more and keeping a diary every day. In the evening my father told me that to reading newspapers would do me well for improving composition writing. That was really good idea! What theysaid was quite right, and I should follow their advice.课时作业(三)Ⅰ.A本文是一篇关于西方社会文化的说明文。

高中英语课时分层作业3(含解析)新人教版必修1

课时分层作业(三)Ⅰ.阅读理解AI took the bus to school every day when I was in grade school.Alvin，our bus driver，came by every morning at 8：00 to pick us up.We were lowerincome families.My parents barely made ends meet for them and five of us kids.Alvin picked up around twenty kids in our area and dropped us off after school.About once a month he would make a stop at the local drivein.Someone would come out and ask each of us if we wanted an ice cream or a drink.Alvin would pay for the whole bus out of his own pocket.The kindness that he showed was amazing.We didn't get treats like that too often and they are fondly remembered.I remember him picking us up at the end of the school year and taking us to his home for a barn dance (谷仓舞)．He would provide drinks and chips for everyone.Remembering the kindness he showed，I called him up twenty years later and thanked him.I told him that he probably wouldn't remember me，but I sure remembered him! We didn't see much kindness from others as we grew up，so it made it all the more special.I could hear the smile in his voice when he thanked me for calling.He's the reason I do my best to show kindness to everyone I cross paths with.He's had such a huge influence in my life and I'm so thankful I was able to tell him.1．All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 2 EXCEPT that ________.A．about twenty kids rode on the Alvin's busB．it seemed that Alvin didn't like naughty studentsC．thanks to Alvin，the kids could eat free ice creamsD．someone sold things like drinks at the local driveinB[细节理解题。

高中历史第二单元中古时期的世界课时3第3课中古时期的欧洲作业课件新人教版必修《中外历史纲要(下)》

四个选项中，D 项城市自治权最符合题意；“特许经营权”与经济有关；“免赋税权”“司法特权”与人权有关，由此可知，A、 B、C 三项均不符合题意，排除。故选 D 项。
10．12 世纪初，伦敦市民每年向王室缴纳 300 镑税金，以此获得国王对市民自选市长和市政官的许可。材料反映出中世纪欧
洲( C )
——意大利商人伦敦旅行见闻录(1497 年)
材料二 “在中世纪中期，西欧各国的城市如雨后春笋，增加很快……当时大多数城市的人口也很少，一个典型的城市，居民通常不过五千到一万……城区面积不大，房屋拥挤，街道狭窄……”
材料三 “我的附庸的附庸，不是我的附庸”这样的局面出现很多年后，这条常规流行于西欧的某些国家和地区。
A．封君封臣制度逐步形成 B．国家税收主要来源于城市 C．城市获得了部分自治权 D．市民以暴力方式反抗贵族
解析：结合所学知识可知，随着城市的发展，阶级冲突日益尖锐，西欧城市是在教会或封建主的领地上产生的，随着商品经济的发展，封建主日益贪婪，对城市市民加紧剥削，11～12 世纪，法国一些城市的市民展开了与封建主的斗争，有的城市用金钱赎买，有的通过武力赢得了自治权，题干材料描述的就是伦敦市民通过金钱赎买，获得了部分自治权，C 项符合题意；A、B、D 三项的内容都不符合题意，排除。故选 C 项。
——摘编自冯正好《中世纪西欧的城市特许状》
(1)根据材料一，分析中古西欧封建庄园的特点。 (2)根据材料二和所学知识，指出西欧城市争取自治权的主要原因和途径有哪些。答案：(1)庄园里实行的是封建制度；庄园领主或封建主在其领地范围内拥有较大的统治权(拥有行政、司法、税收等权力)；庄园领主或封建主成为封建庄园的实际统治者(王权衰微，王权只是名义上的)。 (2)原因：西欧城市商业的繁荣；以工商业者为主体的市民阶层力量的壮大(城市市民阶级登上了历史的舞台)；为了摆脱束缚商业贸易发展的枷锁。途径：谈判争取政治和经济特权(或者赎买)；武装斗争。

译林版英语三年级下册Unit3课时作业

三年级下册 Unit 3Is this your pencil? Storytime课时作业班级：姓名：学号：一、说一说（根据自己的实际情况，任选一种方式）1.读一读story time。

2.背一背story time。

3.演一演story time。

二、根据所设情境，选择正确答案。

( ) 1.当你想告诉别人这不是你的书时，你应该说：A This is my book.B This isn’t my book .C That’s my book . ( ) 2.当你做错事情时，你应该说：A Thank you .B All right .C I’m sorry .( ) 3.当你想打开门时，你会对别人说：A Open the window.B Open the door .C Please open the door. ( ) 4.当别人给你东西时,你会说：A OK .B Thank you .C No .( ) 5.当你在图书管理，应该：A Shout.B Run .C Read .( ) 6.当你发现同学在楼梯处玩耍时，你会对他/她说：A Don’t drink .B Don’t talk.C Don’t run here . ( )7.当你寻找自己的铅笔时，你会说：A Is this your pencil?B Is this my pencil?C What’s this ?Fun time & Rhyme time课时作业一、选择题( )1.This is ______ toy car. That is _______ toy car.A．I, your B. your, my C. I, you( )2.---Is this your father? ---Yes, _____ is.A．it B. she C. he( )3.---Is that Mike’s pen? ---_________________ It’s here!A．Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. No, it is. ( )4.---Is it your crayon? ---No, it _______ my crayon.A．is B. isn’t C. are( )5.---You’re late（迟到）for class, Mike. ---_________________A .Yes, Mr Green. B. I’m sorry, Mr Green. C. OK, Mr Green. ( )6.The red robot _______ a rubber.A．have B. is C. has( )7.---What’s that ? --- It’s English book . It’s book .A.a myB.an /C.an my二、将下列句子排序成一段完整的对话。

2021-2022学年人教版高一英语必修1课时作业(课标卷)综合检测卷(三) Word版含答案

综合检测卷(三)Unit 3Travel journal(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)ABe Healthy! Be Slim! Be Beautiful!Discover the secret for a Healthy，Slim，Beautiful You！Discover how to be Healthy，Slim and Beautiful!I love this healthy diet program because it helps you lose weight，lose inches，feel healthy and look beautiful.This healthy diet is an 8－week program which is unlike other diet regimes(食物疗法)because it focuses on proper nutritional first and weight loss second.Your body must have proper levels of minerals，vitamins，and protein in order to work well.It provides a simple lifestyle change to give you more energy and improve your health most greatly.It offers control over stomach and continuing hunger with a calorie dense diet allowing 1，700 to 2，000 calories a day.If a person has a weight problem their body probably is not working at proper levels of basic nutrients.We invite you to follow this program so you can be the slim person who lives inside you.You too，can love dieting，especially if you are losing weight and losing_inches! Do you want to feel better?To get started being slim，just Click Here.1．What is this passage mainly about?A．How people should keep fit.B．A healthy diet program.C．Some healthy people.D．Ways to lose weight.2．What does the u nderlined phrase “lose inches” mean in the passage?A．Become shorter.B．Become taller.C．Become fatter. D．Become thinner.3．Which of the following is NOT TRUE ?A．This program makes a change in your lifestyle.B．This program can stop you from feeling hungry all the time.C．This program allows you 1700 to 2000 calories for each meal.D．The program can offer control over your stomach.4．If you “Click Here”，what will you read on the Internet?A．Some other programs.B．The content of this program.C．Some interesting foods.D．Some products you can buy.BBorn on September 24，1896，F.Scott Fitzgerald，an American novelist，was once a student of St.Paul Academy，the Newman School and attended Princeton University for a short while.In 1917 he joined the army and was postedin Alabama，where he met his future wife Zelda Sayre.Then he had to make some money to impress her.His life with her was full of great happiness，as he wrote in his diary：“My own happiness in the past often approached such joy that I could share it even with the person dearest to me but had to walk it away in quiet streets and take down parts of it in my diary.”This Side of Paradise，his first novel，was published in 1920.Encouraged by its success，Fitzgerald began to devote more time to his writing.Then he continued with the novel the Beautiful and Damned (1922)，a collection of short stories Thales of the Jazz Age (1922)，and a play The Vegetable (1923)．But his greatest success was his novel The Great Gatsby，published in 1925，which quickly brought him praise from the literary world.Yet it failed to give him the needed financial security.Then，in 1926，he published another collection of short stories All the Sad Young Men.However，Fitzgerald's problems with his wife Zelda affected his writing.During the 1920s he tried to reorder his life，but failed.By 1930，his wife had her first breakdown and went to a Swiss clinic.During this period he completed novels Tender Is the Night in 1934 and The Lo v e of the Last Tycoon in 1940.While his wife was in hospital in the United States，he got totally addicted to alcohol.Sheila Graham，his dear friend，helped him fight his alcoholism.5．How many novels written by Fitzgerald are mentioned in the passage?A．5 B．6C．7 D．86．Which of the following is the correct order to describe Fitzgerald 's life according to the passage?a．He became addicted to drinking.b．He studied at St.Paul Academy.c．He published his first novel This Side of Paradise.d．The Great Gatsby won high praise.e．He failed to reorder his life.f．He joined the army and met Zelda.A．f－c－e－a－b－d B．b－e－a－f－c－dC．f－d－e－c－b－a D．b－f－c－d－e－a7．We can infer from the passage that Fitzgerald ________．A．had made some money when he met Zelda in AlabamaB．was well educated and well off before he served in the armyC．would have completed more works if his wife hadn't broken downD．helped his friend get rid of drinking while his wife was in hospital8．What is this passage mainly about?A．F.Scott Fitzgerald's lifeB．F.Scott Fitzgerald's novelsC．F.Scott Fitzgerald's wifeD．F.Scott Fitzgerald's contributionCHow did the sea horse get its name? It's not hard to guess.The top half of this fish looks like a small horse.But looking at the sea horse's tail，you might think “sea monkey”is a better name.Then there's the sea horse's pouch (袋)．Sea kangaroo might also be a good name for this fish.Sea horses live in warm ocean waters all over the world.They keep safe from other fish by hiding in plants and grasses that grow under the sea.They can also change colors to match their surroundings (环境)．A sea horse remains in one place for hours at a time by winding (缠绕) its tail around a plant.It feeds on live food，such as small shrimp.For a fish that doesn't move around much，the sea horse eats a lot—in just one day，a sea horse can eat 3，000 shrimp!A sea horse keeps the same mate for its whole life，and it's the male (雄的) sea horse that gives birth to baby sea horses.How does this happen? Baby sea horses start out as eggs，which come from the female's body.The male carries the eggs in its pouch for about three weeks until they hatch (孵化)．Soon after the babies are born，the female gives her mate a new set of eggs.The male sea horse spends most of its life carrying eggs.Sadly，the number of sea horses is becoming smaller.Why is this happening? Some places where sea horses oncelived have been filled in to make new land.Also，many sea horses are caught and sold as aquarium fish.This really is not a good idea because most sea horses don't live long in aquariums.The best place for a sea horse is the ocean.9．The sea horse got its name because of its ________．A．head B．tailC．skin D．pouch10．What does a female sea horse do with her eggs?A．She puts them in the male's pouch.B．She hides them in sea grasses.C．She carries them around.D．She hatches them.11．Why is the number of sea horses becoming smaller?A．They grow at a very low speed.B．Their homes are being destroyed.C．They are killed by people for food.D．Their food is becoming less and less.D(2022·沈阳高一检测)Traveling can be a fun way to gain life experiences，especially during Spring Break—a week－long school vacation in the United States.But what if you're a student and don't have enough money for a trip? Don't worry.Here are some useful tips.Save：This probably is the most important preparation for traveling.Cut expenses to fatten_your_wallet so you'll have more choices about where to go and how to get there.Plan ahead：Don't wait until the last minute to plan your trip.Tickets may cost more when bought on short notice.Giving yourself several months to get ready can mean security(平安) and savings.Do your homework：No matter where you go，research the places you will visit.Decide what to see.Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and restaurants.Plan sensibly：Write down what you expect to spend for food and hotels.Stick to your plan or you may not have enough money to cover everything.Travel in groups：Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places.By traveling with others you can share costs and experiences.Work as you go：Need more money to support your trip? Look for work in the places you visit.Go off the beaten path：Tourist cities may be expensive.You may want to rethink your trip and go to a lesser－known area.Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights.Pack necessary things：The most important things to take are not always clothes.Remember medicine in case you get sick and snacks in case you can't find a cheap restaurant.Use the Internet：The Net can help to save money.Some useful websites include www.Tra v ，www.bargains－lo w est and www.Economy tra v .By planning sensibly，even students can enjoy the travel.Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime.12．This passage is about ________．A．how to plan your travelB．how to travel with less moneyC．how to make your travel interestingD．how to get life experiences13．The underli ned words “fatten your wallet” probably means ________．A．make your wallet largerB．put some fat in your walletC．save some moneyD．put some choices in your wallet14．Before your trip，the first thing you should do is ________．A．to make a plan of the routeB．to get information on the InternetC．to save money by spending lessD．to buy tickets in advance15．During your trip，________．A．you need more medicine than clothesB．you should look for work all the wayC．you can gain valuable life experiencesD．you should remember to do your homeworkⅡ.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2022届《创新设计》数学一轮(理科)江苏专用课时作业第三章导数及其应用课时作业3-2

第2讲导数在争辩函数中的应用基础巩固题组 (建议用时：40分钟) 一、填空题1．函数y ＝12x 2－ln x 的单调递减区间为________．解析 f (x )＝12x 2－ln x 的定义域为(0，＋∞)，f ′(x )＝x －1x ＝x 2－1x ，令f ′(x )＞0，得x ＞1，令f ′(x )＜0，得0＜x ＜1，所以f (x )的递增区间是(1，＋∞)，递减区间是(0,1)．答案 (0,1)2．(2021·扬州模拟)已知f (x )＝x 3＋3ax 2＋bx ＋a 2在x ＝－1时有极值0，则a －b ＝________. 解析由题意得f ′(x )＝3x 2＋6ax ＋b ，则⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a 2＋3a －b －1＝0，b －6a ＋3＝0，解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ a ＝1，b ＝3或⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧a ＝2，b ＝9，经检验当a ＝1，b ＝3时，函数f (x )在x ＝－1处无法取得极值，而a ＝2，b ＝9满足题意，故a －b ＝－7. 答案－73．f (x )＝x 3－12x ，x ∈[－3,3]的最大值为________，最小值为________．解析 f ′(x )＝3x 2－12＝3(x －2)(x ＋2)，令f ′(x )＝0，得x ＝±2， ∵f (－3)＝9，f (3)＝－9， f (－2)＝16，f (2)＝－16， ∴f (x )最大值为16，最小值为－16. 答案 16 －164．设a ∈R ，若函数y ＝e x ＋ax ，x ∈R 有大于零的极值点，则a 的取值范围是________．解析 ∵y ＝e x ＋ax ，∴y ′＝e x ＋a . ∵函数y ＝e x ＋ax 有大于零的极值点，则方程y ′＝e x ＋a ＝0有大于零的解， ∵x ＞0时，－e x ＜－1，∴a ＝－e x ＜－1. 答案 (－∞，－1)5．(2021·福建卷改编)设函数f (x )的定义域为R ，x 0(x 0≠0)是f (x )的极大值点，以下结论确定正确的是________(填序号)． ①∀x ∈R ，f (x )≤f (x 0)； ②－x 0是f (－x )的微小值点； ③－x 0是－f (x )的微小值点； ④－x 0是－f (－x )的微小值点．解析 ①错，由于极大值未必是最大值；②错，由于函数y ＝f (x )与函数y ＝f (－x )的图象关于y 轴对称，－x 0应是f (－x )的极大值点；③错，函数y ＝f (x )与函数y ＝－f (x )的图象关于x 轴对称，x 0应为－f (x )的微小值点；④正确，函数y ＝f (x )与y ＝－f (－x )的图象关于原点对称，－x 0应为y ＝－f (－x )的微小值点．答案 ④6．(2021·成都诊断)已知函数f (x )＝x 2＋ax (x ≠0，a ∈R )在区间[2，＋∞)上是增函数，则实数a 的取值范围为________．解析由已知可得f ′(x )＝2x －a x2，要使f (x )在区间[2，＋∞)上是增函数，只需当x ≥2时， f ′(x )≥0恒成立，即2x －ax 2≥0，则a ≤2x 3恒成立，又当x ≥2时，2x 3≥16，故当a ≤16时，f (x )在区间[2，＋∞)上是增函数．。

【人教A版】高中数学必修一：全册作业与测评(含答案) 课时提升作业(三) 1.1.2

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课时提升作业(三)集合间的基本关系(25分钟60分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共25分)1.下列四个结论中,正确的是( )A.0={0}B.0∈{0}C.0⊆{0}D.0∈{∅}【解析】选B.{0}是含有1个元素0的集合,故0∈{0}.【补偿训练】如果M={x|x+1>0},则( )A.∅∈MB.∅=MC.{0}∈MD.{0}⊆M【解析】选D.M={x|x+1>0}={x|x>-1},所以{0}⊆M.2.(2015·惠州高一检测)下列四个集合中,是空集的是( )A.{x|x+3=3}B.{(x,y)|y2=-x2,x,y∈R}C.{x|x2≤0}D.{x|x2-x+1=0,x∈R}【解析】选 D.对A,{x|x+3=3}={0};对B,{(x,y)|y2=-x2,x,y∈R}={(0,0)};对C,{x|x2≤0}={0};对D,由于Δ=(-1)2-4=-3<0,即方程x2-x+1=0无解,故{x|x2-x+1=0,x∈R}=∅.3.(2015·浏阳高一检测)已知集合A={x|3≤x2≤5,x∈Z},则集合A的真子集个数为( )A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个【解析】选C.由题意知,x=-2,2,即A={-2,2},故其真子集有3个.【误区警示】本题易忽视真子集这一条件而误选D.4.已知集合M={x|y2=2x,y∈R}和集合P={(x,y)|y2=2x,y∈R},则两个集合间的关系是( )A.M PB.P MC.M=PD.M,P互不包含【解析】选D.由于两集合代表元素不同,即M表示数集,P表示点集,因此M与P 互不包含,故选D.【误区警示】解答本题易忽视集合的属性而误选C.5.(2015·临沂高一检查)已知全集U=R,则正确表示集合M={-1,0,1}和N={x|x2+x=0}关系的Venn图是( )【解析】选B.由N={x|x2+x=0}={-1,0},得N M.二、填空题(每小题5分,共15分)6.已知集合A={x|x2-3x+2=0},B={1,2},C={x|x<8,x∈N},用适当符号填空:A B,A C,{2} C,2 C.【解析】A={1,2},B={1,2},C={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7},所以A=B,A C,{2}C,2∈C.答案:= ∈7.(2015·玉溪高一检测)已知集合A={x|-2≤x≤3},B={x|x≥m},若A⊆B,则实数m的取值范围为.【解题指南】根据集合间的关系,借助数轴求解.【解析】将集合A,B表示在数轴上,如图所示,所以m≤-2.答案:m≤-2=1},则A,B的关系是.8.设x,y∈R,A={(x,y)|y=x},B={(x,y)|yx=1}={(x,y)|y=x,且x≠0},故B A.【解析】因为B={(x,y)|y答案:B A【误区警示】解答本题易忽视集合B中x≠0而误认为A=B.三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)9.已知集合A={(x,y)|x+y=2,x,y∈N},试写出A的所有子集.【解析】因为A={(x,y)|x+y=2,x,y∈N},所以A={(0,2),(1,1),(2,0)}.所以A的子集有:∅,{(0,2)},{(1,1)},{(2,0)},{(0,2),(1,1)},{(0,2),(2,0)},{(1,1),(2,0)},{(0,2),(1,1),(2,0)}.10.(2015·成都高一检测)若集合A={x|(k+1)x2+x-k=0}有且仅有两个子集,求实数k的值.【解析】集合A有且仅有两个子集说明A中仅有一个元素,那么对于方程(k+1)x2+x-k=0,若k+1=0,即k=-1,方程即为x+1=0,x=-1,此时A={-1},满足题意; 若k+1≠0,则需Δ=0,即12-4(k+1)(-k)=0,,此时A={-1},满足题意.解得k=-12.所以实数k的值为-1或-12(20分钟40分)一、选择题(每小题5分,共10分)1.(2015·枣庄高一检测)集合A={2n+1|n∈Z},集合B={4k±1|k∈Z},则A与B 间的关系是( )A.A∈BB.A BC.A∉BD.A=B【解析】选 D.因为整数包括奇数与偶数,所以n=2k或2k-1(k∈Z),当n=2k 时,2n+1=4k+1,当n=2k-1时,2n+1=4k-1,故A=B.2.集合B={a,b,c},C={a,b,d};集合A满足A⊆B,A⊆C.则满足条件的集合A的个数是( )A.8B.2C.4D.1【解析】选C.因为A⊆B,A⊆C,所以集合A中的元素只能由a或b构成.所以这样的集合共有22=4个.即:A=∅或A={a}或A={b}或A={a,b}.【补偿训练】若集合A={1,3,x},B={x2,1}且B⊆A,则满足条件的实数x的个数是( )A.1B.2C.3D.4【解析】选C.因为B⊆A,所以x2∈A,又x2≠1,所以x2=3或x2=x,所以x=±√3或x=0.故选C.二、填空题(每小题5分,共10分)3.设集合M={(x,y)|x+y<0,xy>0}和P={(x,y)|x<0,y<0},那么M与P的关系为.【解析】因为xy>0,所以x,y同号,又x+y<0,所以x<0,y<0,即集合M表示第三象限内的点.而集合P也表示第三象限内的点,故M=P.答案:M=P4.(2015·抚州高一检测)若A={1,2},B={x|x⊆A},则B= .【解题指南】正确解答本题的关键是弄清集合B的含义,即它是由集合A的所有子集组成的集合.【解析】由于x⊆A,即x是集合A的子集,故B={∅,{1},{2},{1,2}}.答案:{∅,{1},{2},{1,2}}三、解答题(每小题10分,共20分)5.已知A={x|x<-1或x>2},B={x|4x+a<0},当B⊆A时,求实数a的取值范围. 【解析】因为A={x|x<-1或x>2},},B={x|4x+a<0}={x|x<−a4≤-1,即a≥4,因为A⊇B,所以-a4所以a的取值范围是a≥4.【拓展延伸】由集合间关系求解参数的三部曲第一步:弄清两个集合之间的关系,谁是谁的子集;第二步:看集合中是否含有参数,若含参数应考虑参数使该集合为空集的情形;第三步:将集合间的包含关系转化为方程(组)或不等式(组),求出相关的参数的值或取值范围.6.已知集合A={2,4,6,8,9},B={1,2,3,5,8},又知非空集合C 是这样一个集合:其各元素都加2后,就变为A 的一个子集,若各元素都减2后,则变为B 的一个子集,求集合C.【解析】由题设条件知C ⊆{0,2,4,6,7},C ⊆{3,4,5,7,10},所以C ⊆{4,7},又因为C 非空,所以C={4},{7}或{4,7}.【补偿训练】已知集合A={1,1+d,1+2d},集合B={1,q,q 2},若A=B,求实数d 与q 的值.【解析】由A=B,得①{1+d =q,1+2d =q 2,或②{1+d =q 2,1+2d =q.解①,得{q =1,d =0.此时A=B={1}与A,B 中含有3个元素矛盾,舍去.解②,得{q =−12,d =−34或{q =1,d =0(舍去), 当q=-12,d=-34时,A=B={1,14,−12},符合题意.所以q=-12,d=-34. 关闭Word 文档返回原板块。

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课时作业(三) 1．如图所示，物块A、B通过一根不可伸长的细线连接，A静止在斜面上，细线绕过光滑的滑轮拉住B，A与滑轮之间的细线与斜面平行．则物块A受力的个数可能是( ) A．3个 B．4个 C．5个 D．2个 2．如图所示，在斜面上，木块A与B的接触面是水平的．绳子呈水平状态，两木块均保持静止．则关于木块A和木块B可能的受力个数分别为( ) A．2个和4个 B．3个和4个 C．4个和4个 D．4个和5个 3．2011年7月我国“蛟龙”号载人潜水器成功实现下潜5 km深度．设潜水器在下潜或上升过程中只受重力、海水浮力和海水阻力作用，其中，海水浮力F始终不变，所受海水阻力仅与潜水器速率有关．已知当潜水器的总质量为M时恰好匀速下降，若使潜水器以同样速率匀速上升，则需要从潜水器储水箱向外排出水的质量为(重力加速度为g)( )

A．2(M－Fg) B．M－2Fg C．2M－Fg D．2M－F2g 4．如图所示，质量为m的滑块静止置于倾角为30°的粗糙斜面上，一根轻弹簧一端固定在竖直墙上的P点，另一端系在滑块上，弹簧与竖直方向的夹角为30°，则( ) A．滑块可能受到三个力作用 B．弹簧一定处于压缩状态 C．斜面对滑块的支持力大小可能为零 D．斜面对滑块的摩擦力大小一定等于12mg 5．如图所示，一直杆倾斜固定，并与水平方向成30°的夹角；直杆上套有一个质量为0.5 kg的圆环，圆环与轻弹簧相连，在轻弹簧上端施加一竖直向上、大小F＝10 N的力，圆环处于静止状态，已知直杆与圆环之间的动摩擦因数为0.7，g＝10 m/s2.下列说法正确的是( ) A．圆环受到直杆的弹力，方向垂直直杆向上 B．圆环受到直杆的弹力大小等于2.5 N C．圆环受到直杆的摩擦力，方向沿直杆向上 D．圆环受到直杆的摩擦力大小等于2.5 N

6．如图所示，质量m1＝10 kg和m2＝30 kg的两物体，叠放在动摩擦因数为0.50的粗糙水平地面上，一处于水平位置的轻弹簧，劲度系数为k＝250 N/m，一端固定于墙壁，另一端与质量为m1的物体相连，弹簧处于自然状态，现用一水平推力F作用于质量为m2的物体上，使它缓慢地向墙壁一侧移动，当移动0.40 m时，两物体间开始相对滑动，这时水平推力F的大小为( ) A．100 N B．300 N C．200 N D．250 N 7．如图所示，重50 N的物体A放在倾角为37°的粗糙斜面上，有一根原长为10 cm，劲度

系数为800 N/m的弹簧，其一端固定在斜面顶端，另一端连接物体A后，弹簧长度为14 cm，现用一测力计沿斜面向下拉物体，若物体与斜面间的最大静摩擦力为20 N，当弹簧的长度仍为14 cm时，测力计的读数不可能为( ) A．10 N B．20 N C．40 N D．0 N 8．如图所示，物体质量为m，靠在粗糙的竖直墙上，物体与墙间的动摩擦因数为μ，要使物体沿墙匀速滑动，则外力F的大小可能是( )

A．mgsin θ B．mgsin θ－μcos θ C．mgcos θ－μsin θ D．mgcos θ＋μsin θ

9．如图所示，一定质量的物块用两根轻绳悬在空中，其中绳OA固定不动，绳OB在竖直平面内由水平方向向上转动，则在绳OB由水平转至竖直的过程中，绳OB的张力大小将( ) A．一直变大 B．一直变小 C．先变大后变小 D．先变小后变大 10．如图所一光滑小球静止放置在光滑半球面的底端，用竖直放置的光滑挡板水平向右缓慢地推动小球，则在小球运动的过程中(该过程小球未脱离球面)，木板对小球的推力F1、半球面对小球的支持力F2的变化情况正确的是( ) A．F1增大，F2减小 B．F1增大，F2增大 C．F1减小，F2减小 D．F1减小，F2增大 11．如图所示，用一根细线系住重力为G、半径为R的球，其与倾角为α的光滑斜面劈接触，处于静止状态，球与斜面的接触面非常小，细线悬点O固定不动，在斜面劈从图示位置缓慢水平向左移动直至绳子与斜面平行的过程中，下述正确的是( ) A．细绳对球的拉力先减小后增大 B．细绳对球的拉力先增大后减小 C．细绳对球的拉力一直减小 D．细绳对球的拉力最小值等于Gsin α 12．如图所示，倾角为θ＝30°的斜面体放在水平地面上，一个重为G的球在水平力F的作用下，静止于光滑斜面上，此时水平力的大小为F；若将力F从水平方向逆时针转过某一角度α后，仍保持F的大小不变，且小球和斜面依然保持静止，此时水平地面对斜面体的摩擦力为Ff.那么F和Ff的大小分别是( )

A．F＝36G，Ff＝33G B．F＝32G，Ff＝34G C．F＝34G，Ff＝32G D．F＝33G，Ff＝36G

13．如图所示，轻绳一端系在质量为m的物体A上，另一端与套在粗糙竖直杆MN上的轻圆环B相连接．用水平力F拉住绳子上一点O，使物体A及圆环B静止在图中虚线所在的位置．现稍微增加力F使O点缓慢地移到实线所示的位置，这一过程中圆环B仍保持在原来位置不动．则此过程中，圆环对杆的摩擦力F1和圆环对杆的弹力F2的变化情况是( )

A．F1保持不变，F2逐渐增大 B．F1逐渐增大，F2保持不变 C．F1逐渐减小，F2保持不变 D．F1保持不变，F2逐渐减小

14．如图所示两相同轻质硬杆OO1、OO2可绕其两端垂直纸面的水平轴O、O1、O2转动，在O点悬挂一重物M，将两相同木块m分别紧压在竖直挡板上，此时整个系统保持静止．Ff表示木块与挡板间摩擦力的大小，FN表示木块与挡板间正压力的大小．若挡板间的距离稍许增大后，系统仍静止且O1、O2始终等高则( ) A．Ff变小 B．Ff不变 C．FN变小 D．FN变大 15．在固定于地面的斜面上垂直安放了一个挡板，截面为14圆的柱状物体甲放在斜面上，半径与甲相等的光滑圆球乙被夹在甲与挡板之间，乙没有与斜面接触而处于静止状态，如图所示．现在从球心处对甲施加一平行于斜面向下的力F，使甲沿斜面方向缓慢地移动，直至甲与挡板接触为止．设乙对挡板的压力为F1，甲对斜面的压力为F2，在此过程中( ) A．F1缓慢增大，F2缓慢增大 B．F1缓慢增大，F2缓慢减小

C．F1缓慢减小，F2缓慢增大 D．F1缓慢减小，F2保持不变 16．如图所示，长度相同且恒定的光滑圆柱体A、B质量分别为m1、m2，半径分别为r1、r2．A放在物块P与竖直墙壁之间，B放在A与墙壁间，A、B处于平衡状态，且在下列变化中物块P的位置不变，系统仍平衡．则( )

A．若保持B的半径r2不变，而将B改用密度稍大的材料制作，则物块P受到地面的静摩擦力增大 B．若保持A的质量m1不变，而将A改用密度稍小的材料制作，则物块P对地面的压力增大 C．若保持A的质量m1不变，而将A改用密度稍小的材料制作，则B对墙壁的压力减小 D．若保持B的质量m2不变，而将B改用密度稍小的材料制作，则A对墙壁的压力减小 17．如图所示，物体B的上表面水平，当A、B相对静止沿斜面匀速下滑时，斜面保持静止不动，

则下列判断正确的有( ) A．物体B的上表面一定是粗糙的 B．物体C受水平面的摩擦力方向一定水平向右 C．物体B、C都只受4个力作用 D．水平面对物体C的支持力小于三物体的重力大小之和 18．如图所示，质量分别为m1、m2的两个物体通过轻弹簧连接，在力F的作用下一起沿水平方向做匀速直线运动(m1

在地面上，m2在空中)，力F与水平方向成θ角．则m1所受支持力FN和摩擦力Ff正确的是( )

A．FN＝m1g＋m2g－Fsin θ B．FN＝m1g＋m2g－Fcos θ C．Ff＝Fcos θ D．Ff＝Fsin θ

19．如图A是倾角为θ的质量为M的斜面体，B是质量为m的截面为直角三角形的物块，物块B上表面水平．物块B在一水平推力F的作用下沿斜面匀速上升，斜面体静止不动．设重力加速度为g，则下列说法中正确的是( ) A．地面对斜面体A无摩擦力 B．B对A的压力大小为FNB＝mgcos θ C．A对地面的压力大小为FNA＝(M＋m)g D．B对A的作用力大小为F 20．如图所示，a、b是两个位于固定斜面上的完全相同的正方形物块，它们在水平方向的外力 F的作用下处于静止状态．已知a、b与斜面的接触面都是光滑的，则下列说法正确的是( ) A．物块a所受的合外力大于物块b所受的合外力

B．物块a对斜面的压力大于物块b对斜面的压力 C．物块a、b间的相互作用力等于F D．物块a对斜面的压力等于物块b对斜面的压力

21．如图所示，质量为M、半径为R、内壁光滑的半球形容器静止放在粗糙水平地面上，O为球心．有一劲度系数为k的轻弹簧一端固定在半球形容器底部O′处，另一端与质量为m的小球相连，小球静止于P点．已知地面与半球形容器间的动摩擦因数为μ，OP与水平方向的夹角为θ＝30°．下列说法正确的是( ) A．小球受到轻弹簧的弹力大小为32mg B．小球受到半球形容器的支持力大小为12mg C．小球受到半球形容器的支持力大小为mg D．半球形容器受到地面的摩擦力大小为32mg 22．如图所示，一个半球形的碗放在桌面上，碗口水平，O点为其球心，碗的内表面及碗口是光滑的．一根细线跨在碗口上，线的两端分别系有质量为m1和m2的小球，当它们处于平衡状态时，质量为m1的小球与O点的连线与水平线的夹角为α=60°．两小球的质量比21mm为 ( )

A．33 B．32 C．23 D．22

23．如图所示，重为G的均匀链条挂在等高的两钩上，链条悬挂处与水平方向成θ角，试求： (1)链条两端的张力大小； (2)链条最低处的张力大小．

24．如图所示，两个质量均为m的小环套在一水平放置的粗糙长杆上，两根长度均为l的轻绳一端系在小环上，另一端系在质量为M的木块上，两个小环之间的距离也为l，小环保持静止．试求： (1)小环对杆的压力； (2)小环与杆之间的动摩擦因数μ至少为多大？

25．如图所示，质量M＝23 kg的木块套在水平杆上，并用轻绳与质量m＝3 kg的小球相连．今用跟水平方向成α＝30°角的力F＝103 N拉着球带动木块一起向右匀速运动，运动中M、m相对位置保持不变，g取10 N/kg．求： (1)运动过程中轻绳与水平方向夹角θ； (2)木块与水平杆间的动摩擦因数μ．