2002年英语词汇学试卷
课程代码：00832
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative A
answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and
put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.
A. two
B. four
C. three
D. five
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.
B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.
C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.
D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.
3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, language almost totally blotted out ______.
A. Old English
B. Middle English
C. Anglo-Saxon
D. Celtic
5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.
A. Free roots
B. Free morphemes
C. Bound morphemes
D. Meaningful units
6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.
A. the growth of science and technology
B. economic and political changes
C. the influence of other cultures and languages
D. all the above
7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.
A. word-formation
B. borrowing
C. semantic change
D. both B and C
8. Which of the following characteristics of the basic word stock is the most important?
A. Stability
B. Collocability.
C. Productivity.
D. National character.
9. The two major factors that cause changes in meaning are ______.
A. historical reason and class reason
B. historical reason and psychological reason
C. class reason and psychological reason
D. extra-linguistic factors and linguistic factors
10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.
A. they come from the same source
B. they are correlated with one central meaning
C. they are listed under one headword in a dictionary
D. all the above
11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.
A. semantic transfer
B. semantic pejoration
C. semantic elevation
D. semantic narrowing
12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single
meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.
A. semantic unity
B. structural stability
C. rhetorical function
D. none of the above
13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______
A. -ion.
B. -ism.
C. -ity.
D. -ese
14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.
A. lexical meaning
B. associative meaning
C.collocative meaning
D. grammatical meaning
15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.
A.social
B. verbal
C. lexical
D. physical
第一部分选择题
I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative
answers．Choose the one that would best complete the
statement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％)
1There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．Theyare______.
A．primary and secondary B．central and peripheral
C．diachronic and synchronic D．formal and functional
2．Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?
A．Colloquial B．Slang
C．Negative D．Literary
3．Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____.
A．absolute and relative B．absolute and complete
C．relative and near D．complete and identical [ ]
4．In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side，
A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French
C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ ]
5．A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_____morpheme．
A．formal B．concrete
C．free D．bound
6．Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?
A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat
C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet
7．LDCE is distinctive for its____.
A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes
C．language notes D．all of the above
8．From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to
A．German B．French
C．Scotttish D．Irish [ ]
9．Which of the following is NOT an acronym?
A．TOEFL B．B.ODYSSEY
C．BASIC D．D. CCTV [ ]
10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning．A．eight B．six
C．seven D．five [ ]
11．Sources of homonyms include____.
A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing
C．shortening D．all of the above [ ]
12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form．A．selective B．adequate
C．imperfect D．natural [ ]
13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language．
A．morpheme B．stem
C．word D．compound [ ]
14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes．
A．suffixes B．prefixes
C．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ ]
15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French. Latin，____.
A．Scandinavian and Italian B.Greek and Scandinavian
C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ ]
1.C
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.C
6.A
7.D
8.A
9.B 10.A
第一部分选择题（共30分）
Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)
1.The process of meaning relation is also called .()
A．extension B．degradation
C．specialization D．elevation
2.Idioms in the coursebook are used in a . ()
A．broad sense B．narrow sense
C．figurative sense D．special sense
3.The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is . ()
A．conventional B．non-conventiona
C．concrete D．specific
4.The way to define an antonym is based on . ()
A．contradiction B．contrariness
C．oppositeness D．relativeness
5.The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by .()
A．Roget’s Thesaurus B．Concise Oxford Dictionary
C．Ne w Webster’s Dictionary D．Co-build Dictionary
6.Context meaning.（）
A．explains B．interprets C．defines D．all the above
7.Though still at work today , can hardly compare with what it was in the past. （）
A．word-formation B．borrowing C．derivation D．conversion
8.Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally . （）
A．movable B．unstable
C．unchangeable D．ununderstandable
9.Sentence idioms can be divided into . （）
A．declarative and imperative B．interrogative and exclamative
C．verbal and adverbial D．both A and B
10. is considered to be a highly-inflected language. （）
A．Old English B．Middle English
C．Early Modern English D．Late Modern English
11.A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be . （）
A．affixational B．derivational C．free D．bound
12.The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. （）A．printing B．Christianity C．French words D．all the above
13.Which of the following statements is true? （）
A． Every word has reference.
B． Every word has sense.
C． Every word is semantically motivated.
D． Every word is conceptually motivated.
14.Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （）
A． The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.
B． Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.
C． Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.
D． Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.
15.The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of . （）A．reference B．sense C．concept D．meaning
第一部分选择题
Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best
complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)
1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )
A. perfect homonyms
B. homonyms
C. homophones
D. all the above
2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example( )
A. ad for “advertisement”
B. dish for “food"
C. fond for “affectionate”
D. an edit orial for “an editorial article"
3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over( )
A. the reader’s interpretation
B. the neighbouring words
C. the writer's intention
D. the etymology of the word
4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?
A. extra-
B. pro-
C. re-
D. semi-
5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?
A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology
B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary
C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs
D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms
6.Which of the following statements is Not true?
A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.
B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.
C. Concept is universal to all men alike.
D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.
7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form( )
A. physical context
B. grammatical context
C. lexical context
D. linguistic context
8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is( )
A. definition
B. explanation
C. example
D. hyponym
9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that( )
A. it can refer to the common core of a language
B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language
C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period
D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field
10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a( )
A. simile
B. metaphor
C. metonymy
D. personification
11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.
A. structurally changeable
B. semantically analyzable
C. structurally fixed
D. easily understood
12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )
A. morphological structure
B. relevant details
C. grammatical structure
D. physical context
13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ( )
A. Vocabulary
B. Situation
C. Structure
D. None of the above
14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken( )
A. from 1066 to 1500
B. from 1150 to 1500
C. from 1500 to 1700
D. from 1600 to 1800
15.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )
A. bound roots
B. free morphemes
C.inflectional morphemes
D. derivational affixes
1.D
2.B
3.B
4.C
5.B
6.D
7.C
8.C
9.A 10.B
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.C
1.An idiom is characterized by ( ).
A. semantic unity
B. structural stability
C. non-motivation
D. all the above
2. Which words belong to the functional words? ( )
A. prepositions, auxiliaries, conjunctions
B. articles, adjectives, pronouns
C. adverbs, conjunctions, nouns
D. prepositions, auxiliaries, articles
3. A word is a symbol that ( ).
A. is used by the same speech community
B. represents something else in the world
C. is both simple and complex in nature
D. shows different ideas in different sounds
4.“Phone”,“doc”,“sis”and“fridge”are examples of ( ) ?
A. abbreviation
B. shortening
C. clipping
D. analogy
5. Meaning is closely related to ( ).
A. concept
B. contextualism
C. implicature
D. symbolism
6. ( ) is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.
A. Simile
B. Synecdoche
C. Overstatement
D. Metaphor
7. Most English idioms are ( ) .
A. opaque
B. transparent
C. motivated
D. self-evident
8. The pond was full of garbage, giving ( ) the worst smell that you can imagine. A. off B. over C. in D. up
9. ( ) are morphemes used to express grammatical
relationships between a word and its context.
A. Grammatical morphemes
B. Inflectional morphemes
C. Bound morphemes
D. A and B
10. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely ( ) and
some of them have not gained public acceptance.
A. informal
B. adjectives
C. human nouns
D. formal
11. The word“nose”in the phrase“the nose of the plane”is related to ( ).
A. onomatopoeic motivation
B. semantic motivation
C. morphological motivation
D. etymological motivation12. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( )
A. English is more closely related to German than French.
B. Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.
C. Old English was not a highly inflected language.
D. In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and French existed side by side.
13. In the idiom“fortune’s wheel”, we change it intowheel of fortune”without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as ( ). A. replacement B. deletion
C. position-shifting
D. dismembering
14.“Marshal”,“lady”, and“fond”have experienced the process of ( ) of meaning.
A. degradation
B. elevation
C. extension
D. narrowing
15. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ).
A. grammatical context
B. lexical context
C. context of culture
D. extra-linguistic context
16. According to the purpose of dictionaries we have ( ) dictionaries.
A. monolingual, bilingual and multilingual
B. synchronic and diachronic
C. pocket, medium-sized and unabridged
D. general and specialized
17. The rhetorical coloring of“Time and tide wait for no man.”is ( ) .
A. rime
B. juxtaposition
C. reiteration
D. alliteration
18. The majority of newly coined words are ( ) . A. adverbials B. nouns C. verbs D. adjectives
19.“Y ahoo”is a ( ) motivated word.
A. semantically
B. etymologically
C. onomatopoetically
D. morphologically
20. Much of this early excitement and expectation was met with successive breakthroughs in scientific research on pl ant gene transfer methods, identification of valuable genes, and the eventual performance of transgenic crops. How is the underlined word formed?( ) .
A. compounding
B. blending
C. back-formation
D. prefixation
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function.
词是具有一定的声音、意义和语法功能，能独立运用的最小的语言单位。
?All national character 全民性Stability 稳定性
?Productivity 能产性Polysemy 多义性Collocability 搭配能力强
Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. 同化词指早期借入, 其拼写和读音完全符合本族语词规范的借词
Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.
非同化词指拼写和读音保持原样的借词。
1.Balto-Slavic波罗的斯拉夫语族(the biggest one)
Prussian普鲁士语Lithuanian立陶宛语Polish波兰语Czech捷克语Bulgarian保加利亚语
Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语Russian俄罗斯语
2.Indo-Iranian印伊语族
Persian波斯语Bengali 孟加拉语Hindi 北印度语Romany吉普赛语
2.Armenian亚美尼亚语族
Albanian阿尔巴尼语族Albanian
Hellenic希腊语族Greek
3.Celtic凯尔特语族
Scotish苏格兰语Irish爱尔兰语Welsh威尔士Breton布列塔尼语Pictish皮克特语
4.Hittite希泰语族Tocharian吐火罗语族
5.Italic意大利语族（5 romance languages）
Portuguese葡萄牙语Spanish西班牙语French法语Italian意大利语Rumanian罗马尼亚语
6.Germanic日耳曼族
English英语German德语Dutch荷兰语Flemish弗来芒语
Scandinavian languages
1Who were the earliest inhabitants on the British Isles?
2What are included in Germanic tribes?
3What does England mean and why was the country called England and the language English?
4What is the feature of Old English?
The Germanic tribes include Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. They were first allies of Celts to fight against Picts and Scots, but then they became new conquerors.
Angles, Saxons and Jutes all have their dialects. The Saxons The first peoples known to inhabit the land were Celts.
were numerically superior to the Angles, the latter were influential enough to impose their name on the whole.
Old English are almost monogeneous and entirely Germanic with only a few borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian. It was a highly inflected language, of which nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs had complex systems of endings or vowel changes or both.
?Three main sources of new words:
Rapid development of modern science and languages earthrise, moonwalk
–Social, economic and political changes disco talk shows
–The influence of other cultures and languages Mao jackets kungfu
英语词汇学教程参考题答案(杨信彰)
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) W hen it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) When it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) When it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1) They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”. (2) They represent the forms of the verb “fly” and have a common meaning. (3) They belong to a lexical field of “telephone communication”. (4) They are synonyms, related to human visual perception. Specifically, they denote various kinds of “looking”. 5. (a) 'blackboard: a board with a dark smooth surface, used in schools for writing with chalk (the primary stress in on black); 'blackbird: a particular kind of bird, which may not necessarily be black in color (the primary stress in on black); 'greyhound: a slender, swift dog with keen sight (the primary stress in on black); 'White House: the residence of the US President in Washington (the primary stress in on black). (b) 'black 'board: any board which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'black 'bird: any bird which is black in color (both words receive primary stress); 'grey 'hound: any hound that is grey in color (both words receive primary stress); 'white 'house: any house that is painted white (both words receive primary stress). 6. There are 44 orthographic words, i.e. sequences of letters bounded by space. There are 24 open class words and 20 closed class words. 7. (a) The ‘bull’ is literal, referring to a male bovine animal. (b) ‘Take the bull by the horn’is an idiom, meaning (having the courage to) deal with someone or something directly. (c) ‘Like a bull in a china shop’is an idiom, meaning doing something with too much enthusiasm or too quickly or carelessly in a way that may damage things or upset someone.
00832英语词汇学1107全国试题
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30 %) 1. Grammarians insist that a word be a __________ form that can function in a sentence. ( ) A. small B. large C. fixed D. free 2. In the earliest stage of English, the written form of a word should ________ that of the oral form. ( ) A. agree with B. disagree with C. be the same as D. be different from 3. ____________consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine, mathematics, etc. ( ) A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot 4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT_________. ( ) A. fast food B. TV dinner C. Mao jackets D. Watergate 5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, “loan”, which was prevalent in the thirteenth century, was replaced by “ __________ ” in American English. ( ) A. own B. let C. rent D. lend 6. If we say that Old English was a language of __________ endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings. ( ) A. full B. short C. long D. paralleled 00832# 英语词汇学试卷第1页共6页
英语词汇学及答案
英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes
自考英语词汇学翻译精华整理
学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 English Lexicology(英语词汇学) 1.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages.英语词汇学旨在调查和研究英语单词和单词的等价物的形态结构,其语义结构、关系、历史发展、形成和用法。 2.English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论）and lexicography(词典学) Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1.Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence 词语是语言最小的自由形式，拥有固定的声音和意义以及句法作用。 2.Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself”词语是一个符号，代表着世界上其他的事物。每种世界文化已经赞成一定的读音将代表一定的人，事，地方，特性，过程，行动，当然是在语言系统之外。这种象征性的联系几乎总是主观的，并且“在代表事物和思想的声音和实际的事物和思想之间没有法定关系” 3.Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other内因是因为英语字母表采用罗马字母，罗马字母没有独立的字母代表每个读音，因此一些字母代表两个读音或者组合在一起发音。 （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years另一个原因是发音比拼写的变化快，在一些时候还拉开了距离。在最近五百年里，尽管口语发音已经出现了显著的变化，却没有相应的拼写变化。 （3）some of the difference were created by the early scribes第三个原因是一些早期的书写员发明了一些不同。（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary最后借词来了，这是丰富英语词汇的重要途径。 （5）printing印刷已经变得非常普及。它有助于固定单词的拼写、standardization标准化使得拼写不容改变。、dictionary字典在拼写终结中得到好处。 —Old English,The speech of the time was represented very much more faithfully in writing than it is today. 古代英语中的口语比今天更忠实的代表书面语 —The written form of English is an imperfect representation of the spoken form。英语的书写是发音形式不完善的代表 4.What is vocabulary？ （1）Total number of the words in a language一个语言的单词综合 （2）Words used in a particular historical period 特殊历史时期使用的单词 （3）All the words of a dialect，a book ，a discipline...某个方言，书籍，学科中的所有单词 5.Classification of English Words：英语词汇由所有种类的词汇组成。它们可以根据不同的标 准或者不同的目的进行分类。 By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary根据使用频率，单词可以分为基础词和非基础词。 By notion:content words&functional words可以根据概念分成实词和虚词
英语词汇学教程(练习答案)(1)解析
《英语词汇学教程》（2004 年版）练习答案 Chapter 1 7. Choose the standard meaning from the list on the right to match each of the slang words on the left. a. tart: loose woman b. bloke: fellow c. gat: pistol d. swell: great e. chicken: coward f. blue: fight g. smoky: police h. full: drunk i. dame: woman j. beaver: girl 8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic words. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave / the sea bade = bid 12. Categorize the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans, and semantic loans. Denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt, husband Aliens: confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, mikado, parvenu Translation loans: chopstick, typhoon, black humour, long time no see Semantic loans: dream Chapter 2 1. Why should students of English lexicology study the Indo-European Language Family? The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. Knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Make a tree diagram to show the family relations of the modern languages given below.
2000年至2012年全国自考英语词汇学试卷参考答案
参考答案 2000年4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案 Ⅰ.1.A 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.D 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.D Ⅱ.(10%) 16.transfer 17.OLD English 18.monolingual 19.semantically 20.extralinguistic/non-linguistic Ⅲ.21.D 22.F 23.A 24.J 25.B 26.C 27.I 28.E 29.G 30.H Ⅳ. 31.bound root 32.（head+tail）blinding 33.inflectional affix/morpheme 34.a+n 35.full conversion 36.suffix 37.reversativ 38.prefix of degree 39.prefix 40.number prefix Ⅴ.41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. 42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. 43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context. 45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language. Ⅵ.46.There are four types of motivation: 1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc. 2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc. 3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc. 4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc. 47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions. 48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure. Ⅶ.49. 1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves. 3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50. 1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分） 2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分） 3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分） 4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分） 5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）
英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)
《英语词汇学》课程习题集 一、单选题 1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes. A. one B. two C. three D. four 4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”? A. ig- B. ir- C. il- D. im- 5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality? A. books B. pigs C. horses D. expense 6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense. A. naturalists B. anthropologists C. linguists D. conventionalists 7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense. A. naturalists B. anthropologists C. linguists D. conventionalists 8. Most English words are _________ symbols. A. definite B. arbitrary C. infinite D. hereditary 9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words. A. nationalism B. anthropology C. linguistics D. motivation 10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words. A. onomatopoeic B. similar C. natural D. symbolic 11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym 14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________. A. compounding B. derivation C. conversion D. acronym
英语词汇学课本与译文
Introduction 绪论 0.1 The nature and Domain of English lexicology 英语词汇学的定义及研究范围 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 词汇学是语言学的一个分支，研究词汇的起源和意义。 English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. 英语词汇学研究英语词汇的形态结构、词的对应及其语义结构、词义关系、词的历史演变、词的构成及词的用法等。 English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. 英语词汇学是一门理论性课程。 It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. 该课程主要论述词汇学的基本理论，特别是英语词汇的理论知识。 However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study a great many usage examples. 但是，英语词汇学也是一门实践性课程，在该书的论述中，我们将遇到大量的词汇和习语，学习大量词汇用法实例。 Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved. 当然，同时还要接触到大量的词汇练习。 0.2 Its Relation to Other Disciplines 英语词汇学与其它学科的关系 English lexicology itself is a subbranch of linguistics. 英语词汇学是语言学的一个分支。 But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. 但它却与其他学科相关，如形态学、语义学、词源学、文体学和词典学等。 Each of them has been established as a discipline in its own right. 而这些学科都各成一门学科。 Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct. 形态学是语法学的一个分支，主要通过运用词素（形位）结构研究词的结构或形式。 This is one of the major concerns of lexicology, for we shall discuss the inflections of words and word-formation and examine how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences. 这是词汇学研究的主要内容之一，因为研究词汇就必需讨论的屈折变化和构词法，考察词素如何构成词、词如何构成句子。 Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words. 词源学研究词的形式和意义的起源及其历史变化。 Modern English is derived from the languages of early Germanic tribes with a fairly small vocabulary. 现代英语源于词汇量颇小的古日尔曼语。 We shall study how this small vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes that have taken place in the forms and meanings of words. 我们将研究这门词汇量很小的语言是如何发展成为词汇量庞大的现代英语，并解释英语词汇的形式和意义是如何变化的。 Stylistics is the study of style. 文体学研究文体。 It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects. 主要对语用者在特定语境中如何选择语言要素（即如何选择用词、句型等）以达到特定的表达效果进行观察研究。 Among the areas of study: lexis, phonology, syntax, graphology, we shall concentrate on lexis, exploring the stylistic values of words. 在文体学所研究的词汇、音系学、句法学和书写法范围中，我们主要研究词汇，探讨词汇的文体价值。Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a pragmatic difference. 词典学和词汇学探讨同样的问题：词汇的形式、意义、词汇的起源及用法，但两者在语用上还有差异。 A lexicographer’s task is to record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference, whereas the student of lexicology is to acquire the knowledge and information of lexis so as to increase their lexical awareness and capacity of language use. 词典学家的任务是实录词汇的用法并把词汇用法的真实情形呈现给读者，为其提供权威性的参考；而词汇学家则是研究词汇的知识和信息，以增强读者对词汇的了解和语言的使用能力。 Though English lexicology has a wide coverage of academic areas, our task is definite and consistent. 英语词汇学的研究范围很大，但我们的任务是明确而系统的。 That is to study English words in different aspects and from different angles. 即从不同角度研究英语词汇的各个方面。0.3 Method of Study 英语词汇学的研究方法 There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and diachronic. 一般来说，词汇研究有两种
大学英语词汇学教程参考答案
《英语词汇学教程》参考答案 (注：参考答案仅供参考。有些题目的答案并非是唯一的) Chapter 1 1. The three definitions agree that lexicology studies words. Yet, they have different focuses. Definition 1 focuses on the meaning and uses of words, while definition 2 on the overall structure and history. Definition 3 regards lexicology as a branch of linguistics and focuses on the semantic structure of the lexicon. It is interesting to note that the three definitions use different names for the object of study. For Definition 1, it is words, for Definition 2 the vocabulary of a language, and for Definition 3 the lexicon. 2. (1) They can go into the room, and if they like, shut the door. (2) You boys are required to give in your homework before 10 o’clock. (3) I watch the football match happily and find it very interesting. 3. (1) when it follows ‘-t’ and ‘-d’, it is pronounced as [id]; (2) when it follows voiceless consonants, it is pronounced as [t]; (3) when it follows voiced consonants and vowels, it is pronounced as [d]. 4. (1)They are words that can be included in a semantic field of “tree”.
英语词汇学试卷 样卷
广东外语外贸大学 英语教育学院 《英语词汇》12--13学年度第一学期期末考试试题A卷考核对象：11 级通选考试时间：80分钟 I. Multiple choices. Choose the one that is most appropriate for the sentence.(20*1) 1. After the , the Germanic tributes called Angles, Saxons and Jutes came in great numbers. A. Greeks B. Indians C. Romans D. French 2. Adulthood contains . A. concrete denominal noun suffix B. abstract denominal noun suffix C. de-adjective noun suffix D. deverbal noun suffix 3. Utopia, Odyssey and Babbitt are words from . A. names of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames 4.Which of the following words are opaque words? A richness B abstraction C free D transparent 5.Which word can be used before nouns ? A coward B motherly C deeply D loudly 6. The meaning of the phrase “covered court” is______. A 室内场地 B 重要人员到齐 C 被完全包围的地方 D 结果已定的案件 7. “Have a crush on someone” means__________ in Chinese. A 与某人有矛盾 B 与某人意见一致 C 喜欢某人 D 饶恕某人 8. “Bring down the house” means__________ in Chinese. A 赢得喝彩 B 封锁现场 C 集中起来 D 无理取闹 9. “Pull up one’s socks” means__________ in Chinese. A 戏弄某人 B 鼓起勇气 C 小心翼翼 D 取代某人