2018年淮安市中考历史试题及答案(word版有答案)

江苏省淮安市2018年初中毕业暨中等学生招生文化统一考试历史试题思想品德、历史学科实行同场合卷考试,各45分。现按历史学科整理,保留原题号。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共22分)

一、单项选择题(本大题共12小题,第l2~22题是历史试题,每小题2分,共计22分。在每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是最符合题意的。)

12.下表内容是某著名水利工程的相关说明。这项水利工程是

A.都江塘

B.灵渠

C.永济渠

D. 江南河

13.我国历代王朝十分重视对边疆地区的管辖,下列措施按出现的先后顺序排列,正确的是

①设宣政院②设西域都护③设驻藏大臣④设台湾府

A.①③②④

B.①②③④

C.④②①③

D.②①④③

14.《东京梦华录》记载:“街南桑家瓦子,近北则中瓦,次里瓦,其中大小勾栏50余座,中瓦子莲花棚、牡丹棚,里瓦子夜叉棚、象棚最大,可容数千人。”这现象出现的原因是

A.北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳,学习和接受了汉族先进的文化

B.北方人迁到江南,带去了劳动力和先进的生产技术

C.城市繁荣,市民阶层不断壮大

D.统治者坚持以农为本的传统观念,推行“重本抑末”政策

15.洋务运动期间洋务派创办了一批近代工业。下列是其以“求富”为口号创办的工业是

A.江南制造总局

B.福州船政局

C.大生纱广

D.轮船招商局

16.京师大学堂是中国近代第一所国家建立的最高学时,它创办于

A.戊戌变法时期

B.辛亥革命时期

C.新文化运动时期

D.五四运动时期

17.小芳查阅资料时发现了一份《西北文化日报》,其中右图

所示版面涉及的事件是

A.九一八事变

B.西安事变

C.卢沟桥事变

D.重庆谈判题17图

18.下面是王老师上课时出示的学习卡。卡中成就的取得主要是由于党和政府实施了

A.第一个五年计划

B.“大跃进”运动

C.人民公社化运动

D.改革开放

19.史论结合是历史学习的重要方法。下表中史实与对应的推论表述错误的是

20.170马克思主义诞生的标志是

A.中国共产党的成立

B.巴黎公社的成立

C.十月革命的胜利

D.《共产党宣言》的发表

21.观察下面两幅历史地图。从(a)图到(b)图版图的变化与下列哪一事件密切相关

题21(a)图 题21(b)图

A.拿破仑对外战争

B.第一次世界大战

C.德意法西斯在欧洲的扩张

D.美苏冷战

22.“西欧国家感到,美苏两国对西欧都有野心。提高自身的安全系数,提高西欧国家的国际地位,加快经济发展必须密切联系,加强合作。”于是西欧国家在20世纪60年代的建立了

A.三国同盟

B.轴心国集团

C.欧洲共同体

D.欧洲联盟

第Ⅱ卷 (非选择题,共23分)

二、非选择题(本大题共3小题,第26~28题是历史试题,26题6分,27题9分,28题各8分,共计23分。)

26.(6分)中国古代文化灿烂、科技发达,其成果惠泽后世。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一

题26(a)图刻有文字的甲骨题26(b)图统一文字

材料二以诗赋取士的制度促使士人去研习诗文。他们把文学创作当作是一种基本训练,这对诗歌创作的普及是有作用的。而盛唐诗的极高艺术造诣,可以说是在普及基础上的提高。

材料三印刷术、指南针和火药,加上 A ,是我国古代人民的四大发明,是中华民族对世界文明发展的重大贡献。

材料四这部书对我国古代的农业和手工业生产技术进行了全面的总结,记述了中国在当时世界上具有先进水平的科学技术。外国学者称它为“中国17世纪的工艺百科全书”。

(1)材科(a)图中的文字被称为什么?根据(b)图,结合所学知识写出统一文字的重要历史意义?

(2)根据材料二分析唐诗繁荣的制度因素。盛唐时期,哪位诗人被称为“诗仙”?

(3)材料三中“A”处是哪项重大科技发明?

(4)根据所学知识,写由材料四中“这部书”的名称。

27.(9分)在中国革命与建设过程中,中国共产党基于国情与形势变化制定了合适的方针政策。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一毛泽东在文家市主持召开前委会议,否定了“取浏阳直攻长沙”的主张……从进攻大城市转到向农村进军,这是中国人民革命发展史上具有决定意义的新起点。

----《中国共产党的九十年》材料二社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。农业和手工业由个体的所有制变为社会主义的集体所有制,私营工商业由资本主义所有制变为社会主义所有制,必然使生产力大大获得解放。这样就为大大地发展工业和农业的生产创造了社会条件。

----毛泽东在1956年一次国务会议上的一段发言材料三这一制度的实行,有助于把国家统一和少数民族自治结合起来;有助于把国家方针政策和少数民族地区的具体特点结合起来:有助于把国家富强与民族繁荣结合起来;有助于把各民族热爱祖国的情感和热爱本民族的情感结合起来。

----人教版《中国历史》八年级下册教师教学用书材料四联产承包责任制采取了统一经营与分散经管相结合的原则……必将使农业

社会主义合作化的具体道路更加符合我国的实际,这是在党的领导下我国农民的伟大创造。

----《当前农村经济政策的若干问题(1983年1月)》

(1)根据所学知识,材料一中“文家市会议”是在哪次起义过程中召开的?该起义后,毛泽东“向农村进军”,建立的第一个革命根据地星什么?

(2)材料二中“私营工商业由资本主义所有制变为社会主义所有制”过程中,国家实行什么政策实现了和平过渡?结合所学知识,写出三大改造基本完成的重大意义。

(3)材料三中“这制度”指的是什么制度?

(4)根据材料四,结合所学知识,写出实行家庭联产承包责任制的作用。

(5)根据上述材料,谈谈你对中国共产党的认识。

28.(8分)近代以来,各国各地区联系不断加强,世界越来越成为一个整体。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一从15世纪末开始,人们认识世界的视野发生了重大变化,由亚欧“整体”扩展到欧亚非美四大洲联系为一个整体。这种变化以及新兴资本主义的发展,迅速开启了从“狭险地城性的存在”到“世界历史性的存在”的发展进程。

材料二工业革命以后,资本主义经济在世界范围内获得了空前的发展,世界市场迅速扩大。在第二次工业革命推动下,资本主义国家的生产力飞速发展。二战以来,交通运输技术远速发展,特别是20世纪90年代以来信息技术迅猛发展,把世界各国各地区更加紧密地联系在一起,加速了原材料、资本和劳动力的国际流动。

材料三

题28(a)图二战时期的反法西斯海报题28(b)图某国际组织标志

材料四当今世界,各国相互依存、体成与共。我们要继承和弘扬联合国宪章的宗旨和原则,构建以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系,打造人类命运共同体。

----习近平在第七十届联合国大会一般性辩论时的讲话

(1)材料中“人们认识世界的视野发生了重大变化”源自于哪一重大历史事件?根据材料概述这一事件的影响。

(2)根据材料二,归纳近代以来促进各国各地区联系不断加强的因素。

(3)根据材料三中(a)图,结合所学知识指出二战胜利的根本原因。(b)图所示组织的成立反映了世界发展的哪趋势”

(4)二战中的哪次国际会议决定成立联合国?根据材料四指出,构建新型国际关系,我们需要坚持的核心理念。

江苏省淮安市2018年初中毕业暨中等学校招生文化统一考试

历史试题参考答案与评分标准

一、选择题(每小题2分,共计22分)

二、非选择题(本大题共3小题,共23分)

26.(6分)

(1)甲骨文(1分) 。统一文字对我国文化的发展和维护国家统一有极为重要的影响(1分) 。

(2)科举制或以诗赋取士的制度(1分) 。李白(1分) 。

(3)造纸术(1分) 。

(4)《天工开物》(1分) 。

27.(9分)

(1)秋收起义(1分) 。井冈山革命根据地(1分) 。

(2)赎买政策(1分)。实现了把生产资料私有制转变为社会主义公有制的任务,我国初步建立起社会主义的基本制度,从此进入了社会主义初级阶段(2分)。

(3)民族区域自治制度(1分)。

(4)调动了农民的生产积极性,促进了农业生产大发展和农村富裕,为农村致富和实现现代化开辟了一条新路(2分)。

(5)中国共产党基于国情与形势变化制定了合适的方针政策。没有共产党就没有新中国;中国共产党是领导中国革命和建设的核心力量;只有中国共产党才是领导中华民族走向伟大复兴的核心力量。(1分,言之有理,即可得分)

28.(7分)

(1)新航路的开辟(1分)。世界开始连成一个整体,促进了资本主义的产生和发展(1分)。

(2)三次革命的推动,交通运输技术的迅速发展,信息技术的迅猛发展,生产力的发展(1分)。

(3)国际反法斯联盟形成(1分)。经济全球化(1分)。

(4)雅尔塔会议(1分)。合作共赢(1分)。

江苏省镇江市2020年中考英语第一次模拟(电子档包含答案)

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2018江苏淮安中考英语试题解析

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