外文文献原文和翻译---蓄电池
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power source system having a power accumulator for supplying when a commercial power source oe other interruptible power source breaks down,a power supply control method Of the power source system,a power supply control program Of the power source system,a computer readable recoding medium having power supply control program Of the power source system recoded thereon.
Background Art
In recent years ,a power accumulator has drawn wide attention and been used as backup power source.A backup power source is changed when a commercial power source operated normally,and continues supply power to equipment in place of the commercial power source when commercial power source has a defect.Examples of such a backup power source include a UPS（Uninterruptive Power Source）.By instantaneously switching the commercial power source to an output of the backup power source in case of power outage,a computer or a storage unit in use,as well as network equipment such as a server are prevented from being stopped.
Such a backup power source combined with the power accumulator is controlled to maintain residual capacity representing the state of charge at a high level.In this system,generally because surplus power is charged in power accumulator efficiently by a power generation action of an electric motor,charge|discharge control is performed so that the SOC does not exceed 100%.In order to supply power to the electric motor when necessary,charge|discharge control is performed so that the SOC does not decrease to 0(zero).Specially,normally in power accumulator,the control is performed so that the SOC fluctuates within a range of 20% to 80%.
With regard to elevators,on the other hand,a hybrid elevator that has a cage and a counterweight to inhibit unnecessary power consumption during the operation of hybrid elevator has been developed.Such a hybrid elevator utilizes the power of its battery at the time of power outage,so that in case of power outage or other abnormal state during of operation of the hybrid elevator,the power for driving the elevator is supplied from a power source to carry the elevator to the nearest floor or any floor and safely retrieve the passage from the stage.
The following method is proposed as a method for controlling an automatic landing device of the elevator.Patent Document 1,for example,discloses a method for detecting the output voltage ,output current,and a temperature of a battery power source to perform a rescue operation in response to the power supply capacity of the battery power source.
Here,as a method for calculating the power supply capacity,a method for calculating the power supply capacity from the open voltage,internal resistance,and minimum voltage(operable voltage) of the battery power source is generally known ,as shown is equation (1) below.The minimum voltage used for calculating the power supply capacity is set with a certain degree of margin,in view of the life of the battery power source .
Power Supply Capacity= minimum voltage*(open voltage - minimum voltage)\internal resistance (1)
Moreover,the hybrid elevator has to always secure energy amount for carrying the elevator to a necessary floor in case of emergency during the normal operation of commercial power source ,and thereon a large power accumulator with a large capacity required.
In the method disclosed in Patent Document 1,the output voltage and the voltage set value are compared with each other by a discharge time and discharge state of the battery is detected by the magnitude relation there between to control the operation of the elevator.Therefore,when the power supply capacity of the battery power source is low,the power supply capacity will be lost,thereby stopping the power supply from the battery.In this case,because charging of the battery power source is started after the interruptible power source returns ,and the rescue operation is conducted upon completion of the charging,the elevator cannot be carried to the nearest floor to perform rescue operation in the case of an abnormal situation of the interruptible power source.As a result,the passengers remain trapped in the elevator.
Moreover,when the interruptible power source is stopped due to disaster like as in the hybrid elevator,it is necessary for the backup power source to ensure the minimum power supply capacity for enabling minimum operation. Consequently,because a margin becomes necessary in the capacity of the backup power source,a large power accumulator is necessary.
In addition,the minimum voltage used for calculating the power supply capacity has a margin,in view of the life property.Therefore,
the value of the actual power supply capacity is smaller than the that of the primary power supply capacity of the power accumulator.
Disclosure of invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a power source system capable of realizing at least the minimum backup function ,increasing the life duration of a power accumulator,and reducing the size of the power accumulator by temporarily improving the power supply capacity of a power accumulator when an interruptible power source is stopped by disaster or the like.The present invention also provide a power supply control method of the power source system ,a power supply control program Of the power source system and a computer readable recoding medium having power supply control program Of the power source system recoded thereon.
A power source system according to an aspect of the present invention has:a power unit for supplying power to a load service;a power accumulator for supplying the power to a load service in place of the power unit when the power unit is stopped,and a controller for controlling power supply from the power accumulator to a load service;wherein the controller sets an operable voltage,which is determined as an output voltage foe ending discharge of the power accumulator,at a first voltage when the power unit is operated,and sets the operable voltage at a second voltage lower than the first voltage when the power unit is stopped ,thereby increasing the power supplied to the load device by the power accumulator.
According to the power source system described above,the power supply capacity of the power accumulator can be improved by reducing the operable voltage of the power accumulator when the power unit is stopped,the operable voltage being set during the normal operation of the power unit.Furthermore,because the operable voltage of the power accumulator is reduced after the power unit is stopped,and the number of the times that the power accumulator is over-discharged duo to the decrease in the operable voltage can be prevented from increasing.,the life duration of the power accumulator can be increased.In addition,the size of the power accumulator can be reduced because it is not necessary to increase the capacity of the power accumulator beforehand in the light of an increase in power supply when the power unit is stopped.
Brief description pf the drawings:
[Fig.1 ] Fig.1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power source system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Best Mode For Carrying the invention.
(Embodiment 1)
Fig.1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power source system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.As shown in Fig.1,a power source system 10 according to the present invention has an interruptible power source 100,a load device 200,a power accumulator 300,a charge|discharge control device 400,a power supply control device 500,and an electric control unit 600.
The interruptible power source 100 is ,for example ,a commercial power source,such as a generator having an engine as a source of power.
The power accumulator 300 stores surplus power from the interruptible power source 100 and regenerative electric power generated by the load device 200,and supplies the stored electric power to the load device 200 according to need.The power accumulator 300 is configured by connecting N number of electric power accumulation element blocks B1,B2,......BN in series.Each of the electric power accumulation element blocks B1,B2,......BN is configured electrically connecting a plurality of electrical storage elements 301 series.An alkaline storage battery such as a nickel hydride battery ,an organic battery such as a lithium-ion battery ,and an electrical double layer capacitor can be used as each of the electrical storage elements 301 .Note that the number N of electric power accumulation element blocks and the the number of the electrical storage elements 301 are not particularly limited.
The power accumulator 300 has a predetermined range of operating voltage determined beforehand ,so that the battery characteristics,life duration and reliability of the power accumulator 300 are not degraded.Operable voltage,which is the minimum voltage (final voltage) of this operating voltage range is the voltage for ending discharge of the power accumulator 300 .During the normal operation ,when the output voltage of the power accumulator 300 falls below the operable voltage,discharge of the power accumulator 300;namely,power supply from he power accumulator 300,is stopped.However,power supply from the power accumulator 300 is possible until the output voltage of the power accumulator 300 falls below the operable voltage;namely,by reducing the operable voltage.In this case,the power accumulator 300 is over-discharged temporarily,but the the battery characteristics and the like of the
power accumulator 300 are not impinged so long as the discharge of the power accumulator 300 is executed without degrading the the battery characteristics,life duration and reliability of the power accumulator 300.
The charge|discharge control device 400 controls charge|discharge of the power accumulator 300.The charge|discharge control device 400 is connected to the interruptible power source 100,load device 200 and power accumulator 300,and controls the charge from the interruptible power source 100 to the power accumulator 300 and the discharge from the power accumulator 300 to the load device 200.When consumption current of the load device 200 increases drastically or the electric power required by the load device 200 exceeds predetermined value , The charge|discharge control device 400 discharges the insufficient electric power from the power accumulator 300 to the load device 200 .
The charge|discharge control device 400 performs the charge|discharge control such that the SOC of the power accumulator 300 normally falls within an approximate range of 20% to 80%.However,a load leveling power source or a plug-in hybrid vehicle that effectively utilizes night power is charged when the SOC is 100%,and is discharged when the load device thereof requires energy.
The power supply control device 500 controls power supply from the power accumulator 300 to the load device 200 when the interruptible power source 100 is stopped.
The total control ECU 600 is connected to the charge|discharge control device 400 and the power supply control device 500 to control the entire power source system 10 .
Next,the power supply control device 500 of the power source system 10 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is described. In Fig.1 the power supply control device 500 has a voltage measuring part 501,a current measuring part 502, a temperature measuring part 503,a communication 504 ,and a controller 520.
外文参考文献翻译
描述：
科学领域：
该项发明和一种当商业性供电或其他间断电源损坏时拥有提供电源供应的
的动力蓄电池，一种电源系统的电源供应控制程序，一个拥有电源系统已经刻录好的程序的电源控制程序的计算机的可读记录媒介。
近年来，一种动力蓄电池已经引起广泛的重视，并被用作备用电源。当一个商业性质的供电正常运作时，就会对一个备用电源进行充电，而且当商业供应电源出现缺陷时，备用电源就会代替商业供应电源持续进行供电。举一种备用电源的例子，不间断电源。通过即时切换商业电力源输出的备用电源，在停电的情况下，计算机或存储单元中的应用，以及网络服务设备、如一个服务器无法停止，依靠立即停止商业供电采用备用电源作为电源供应。
这种备份电源结合动力蓄电池剩余容量代表控制保持处于较高的水平充电状态，。在这个系统中，因为一般的剩余电量充电的蓄电池高效的发电电动机的作用，充\放电进行控制，使系统不超过100%。为了必要时给电机提供电源，充电\放电控制执行以此使系统芯片的电量不减少到零。具体来说，通常在动力蓄电池正常工作时，充\放电控制执行是为了使系统芯片的电量波动范围在20%至80%以内.关于电梯，另一方面，一个混合型电梯设备，笼和配重抑制不必要的功率消耗的运作过程中的混合电梯已经发展起来.这种混合电梯设备利用电力的电池在停电时，因此，在停电的情况下或其他异常状态经营的混合动力驱动的电梯，电梯是提供从功率源进行电梯到最近的地板或地板和安全地检索通道从笼。
下面提出来能控制能自动升降的电力设备的一种方法，专利文件。1，例如，公开一种对输出电压、输出电流进行检测的方法，电池电源的温度进行救援供应行动以此响应供电能力的电池电源。这里，作为一种计算电源电池储电容量的一种方法，一种可以根据电源电池的开放电压、内部电阻、最
小电压计算电源电池储电容量的方法。下面的公式（1）时计算电源电池储
电容的，通常被熟知。对电池电源来说，当其被置于一种特定的状态时最小电压是用来估算算电源电池储电容量的。
电源电池储电容量=最小电压*（开放电压-最小电压）|内部电阻（1）
另外，这种混合型电梯必须保证在商业供应电源运行电梯到达某个楼层时如若这时出现紧急情况的情况保证绝对的安全，为了满足安全性，因此，需要一种大容量的动力蓄电池。
在公开的专利1提出来的这种方法中，输出电压和设定电压值通过放电时间和放电状态相互限制彼此控制电梯的正常运行。因此，当电源电池的储电容量过低时，电池的储电容量将会丢失，进而阻止电池供电。在这种情况下，由于电源电池不在进行供电信号返回时电池才会进行充电，而且当充电完成后才能进行救援工作，所以说，当不间断电源出现异常情况不能供电时电梯是不能继续运行到最近楼层的。这样的结果就是乘客仍然被困在电梯里面。
此外，当不间断电源因为某些事故例如上述混合型电梯里的事故停止供电时，对于备用电源来说保证能提供正常工作状态的最低储电容量是必须的。结果就是，因为备用电源的最小极限储电容量是必须的，所以一个大容量的电源电池的产生是必然的。
另外，对生活中的一切物体来说，用来计算电池容量的最小电压必须有个极限。因此，实际上用到的电池容量的价值比最初的动力蓄电池的电池容量小得多。
发明的公开。
当前发明这种电池的一个目的就是提供能满足备用电源工作最低电池容量、提高动力蓄电池的持续工作时间、通过暂时提高当不间断电源发生类似上述事故不能继续供应电源时动力蓄电池的电池容量来减小动力蓄电池的形状大小的一种电源系统。这项发明同时也提供了一种电池控制电源系统的方法，一种电池控制电池系统程序的方法，并且一个计算机的可读记录媒介使电源随即控制电源电池已经刻录好的程序。
根据这项发明的一个方面一个电源系统应该具有：给一负载装置供电的电源单元；当电源单元不能供应时能够代替电源单元供电的一个动力蓄电池；一个控制动力蓄电池给负载装置供应电源的控制器；当控制器被设置一个作为结束动力蓄电池放电的输出电压的工作电压时，如果电源单元正常运行将会被设为一级电压，当电源单元不工作时将会把工作电压设置为比一级电压小很多的二级电压。因此需要通过动力蓄电池来提高电源对负载的供应。
根据上述描述的电源系统，动力蓄电池的电池容量可以通过降低当电源单元不工作时动力蓄电池的工作电压来提高，其中工作电压是在电源单元正常工作时设定的。更进一步说，由于动力蓄电池的工作电压在电源单元停止工作后会减小，动力蓄电池因为工作电压的降低而过放电的次数的升高能带到阻止，动力蓄电池持续工作的时间会更久。另外，由于当电池单元停止工作时本剧电源供应量的增大立即增大动力蓄电池的电池容量是没有必要的，因此可以减小动力蓄电池的外观大小。
图纸的简短描述。
实现发明的最好模式。
本发明的具体化的情况通过以下的参照图纸来描述。
具体情况1。
图纸1是一个根据本发明的具体化的情1显示一个电源系统配置的方框图。
如图纸1所说明的，根据本发明可知一个电源系统10一个带有不间断电源100,一个动力蓄电池300，一个的充、放电控制装置400，一个电源供应控制装置500和一个电子控制装置600。
举个例子来说，100W的不间断电源是一商业性电源，例如发动机需要一个引擎作为电源。一个电源系统驱动着200多种不同的负载装置。
动力蓄电池存储从中断电源100和再生产生的电力负荷装置200或得的剩余电源，并根据需要提供给负载的存储装置200提供已经存储的电能。动力蓄电池300通过连接的N个电功率堆积块元素块B 1，B2，BN 、、、、、、，等系列组成。每个电功率积累元素块B 1，B2，BN的配置，通过电连接多个电存储元件301系列组成。
碱性电池如镍氢电池，有机电池如锂离子电池，和双电层电容器可作为每个301系列存储单元的电力存储元素。注意到累积单元块的数量N和301系列存储单元的电力存储元素的数量并没有被限制。
该动力蓄电池300之前有一个预定的工作电压范围，因此，使动力蓄电池的特性，使用寿命和可靠性没有被降低。工作电压，这是一操作电压范围的最低电压（最终电压）是动力蓄电池300结束放电的电压。
在正常操作期间，当动力蓄电池300的输出电压降到正常工作电压以下时，蓄能器300进行放电，也就是说，从电源供应器获得的动力蓄电池300被停止了。然而，直到电源蓄电池300的输出电压低于可操作性电力供应的动力蓄电池300才停止工作，也就是说，通过降低操作电压使动力蓄电池300工作。这种情况下，动力蓄电池300进行暂时的过放电，但动力蓄电池300的特性和和外观只要在使动力蓄电池的特性，使用寿命和可靠性没有被
降低的条件下动力蓄电池300进行放电操作的情况下是不会降低的。
充\放电控制装置400控制|动力蓄电池300的充\放电。充\放电控制装置400连接到中断电源100，负载装置200和动力蓄电池300，并控制从中断电源100到动力蓄电池300的充电和从电力蓄能器300到负载装置200的放电。当负载装置的200的电流大幅度增加或者负载装置200所需的电力负荷超过预定值，充|放电控制装置400控制从蓄电池300至负载装置200进行不充分放电。
充放电控制装置400执行|充放电控制，例如，动力蓄电池300的系统芯片的电量通常在一个大致范围20%至80%内波动。然而，负载均衡电源或充电式油电混合车当系统芯片的电量为100%时有效地利用晚上的电源进行充电，当负载设备需要能量时进行放电。
当中断电源100停止时，电源控制装置500控制从供电的蓄电池300至负载装置200的电源供应。
总控制单元600连接到电荷|排放控制装置400和电源控制装置500来控制整个电源系统10。
下一步，该的电源系统10的电源控制装置500根据本发明的体现1来描述。图1，供电控制装置500由一个电压测量部分501，一个电流测量部分502，一个温度测量部分503，一个通信部分504，和一个控制器520。
1外文文献翻译原文及译文汇总
华北电力大学科技学院 毕业设计（论文）附件 外文文献翻译 学号：121912020115姓名：彭钰钊 所在系别：动力工程系专业班级：测控技术与仪器12K1指导教师：李冰 原文标题：Infrared Remote Control System Abstract 2016 年 4 月 19 日
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外文文献及其翻译电子政务信息
外文文献及其翻译电子政务信息 1.政府信息化的含义？ 政府信息化是指：政府有效利用现代信息和通信技术，通过不同的信息服务设施，对政府的业务流程、组织结构、人员素质等诸方面进行优化、改造的过程。 2.广义和狭义的电子政务的定义？ 广义的电子政务是指：运用信息技术和通信技术实现党委、人大、政协、政府、司法机关、军队系统和企事业单位的行政管理活动。（电子党务、电子人大、电子政协） 狭义的电子政务是指：政府在其管理和服务职能中运用现代信息和通信技术，实现政府组织结构和工作流程的重组优化，超越时间、空间和部门分隔的制约，全方位的向社会提供优质规范、透明的服务，是政府管理手段的变革。 3.电子政务的组成部分？ ①：政府部门内部办公职能的电子化和网络化； ②：政府职能部门之间通过计算机网络实现有权限的实时互通的信息共享； ③：政府部门通过网络与公众和企业间开展双向的信息交流与策； 4．理解电子政务的发展动力？ ①：信息技术的快速发展； ②：政府自身改革与发展的需要； ③：信息化、民主化的社会需求的推动； 5.电子政务的应用模式？
模式有：1.政府对公务员的电子政务（G2E）； 2.政府间的电子政务（G2G）； 3.政府对企业的电子政务（G2B）； 4.政府对公众的电子政务（G2C）； 6.电子政务的功能？ ①：提高工作效率，降低办公成本； ②：加快部门整合，堵塞监管漏洞； ③：提高服务水平，便于公众的监督； ④：带动社会信息化发展； 7.我国电子政务发展存在的主要问题？ ①：政府公务员与社会公众对电子政务的认识不足； ②：电子政务发展缺乏整体规划和统一性标准； ③：电子政务管理体制改革远未到位； ④：电子政务整体应用水平还较低； ⑤：政府公务员的素质有待提高； ⑥：电子政务立法滞后； ⑦：对电子政务安全问题缺乏正确认识； 8.政府创新的含义和内容？ 含义：是指各级政府为适应公共管理与行政环境的需要，与时俱进的转变观念与职能，探索新的行政方法与途径，形成新的组织结
人力资源管理外文文献翻译
文献信息： 文献标题：Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management（影响人力资源管理未来的挑战和机遇） 国外作者：Dianna L. Stone，Diana L. Deadrick 文献出处：《Human Resource Management Review》, 2015, 25(2):139-145 字数统计：英文3725单词，21193字符；中文6933汉字 外文文献： Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management Abstract Today, the field of Human Resource Management (HR) is experiencing numerous pressures for change. Shifts in the economy, globalization, domestic diversity, and technology have created new demands for organizations, and propelled the field in some completely new directions. However, we believe that these challenges also create numerous opportunities for HR and organizations as a whole. Thus, the primary purposes of this article are to examine some of the challenges and opportunities that should influence the future of HR. We also consider implications for future research and practice in the field. Keywords: Future of human resource management, Globalization, Knowledge economy Diversity, Technology 1.Change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledge economy One of the major challenges influencing the future of HR processes is the change from a manufacturing to a service or knowledgebased economy. This new economy is characterized by a decline in manufacturing and a growth in service or knowledge as the core of the economic base. A service economy can be defined as a system based on buying and selling of services or providing something for others (Oxford
土木工程外文文献及翻译
本科毕业设计 外文文献及译文 文献、资料题目：Designing Against Fire Of Building 文献、资料来源：国道数据库 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2008.3.25 院（部）：土木工程学院 专业：土木工程 班级：土木辅修091 姓名：武建伟 学号：2008121008 指导教师：周学军、李相云 翻译日期： 20012.6.1
外文文献: Designing Against Fire Of Buliding John Lynch ABSTRACT: This paper considers the design of buildings for fire safety. It is found that fire and the associ- ated effects on buildings is significantly different to other forms of loading such as gravity live loads, wind and earthquakes and their respective effects on the building structure. Fire events are derived from the human activities within buildings or from the malfunction of mechanical and electrical equipment provided within buildings to achieve a serviceable environment. It is therefore possible to directly influence the rate of fire starts within buildings by changing human behaviour, improved maintenance and improved design of mechanical and electrical systems. Furthermore, should a fire develops, it is possible to directly influence the resulting fire severity by the incorporation of fire safety systems such as sprinklers and to provide measures within the building to enable safer egress from the building. The ability to influence the rate of fire starts and the resulting fire severity is unique to the consideration of fire within buildings since other loads such as wind and earthquakes are directly a function of nature. The possible approaches for designing a building for fire safety are presented using an example of a multi-storey building constructed over a railway line. The design of both the transfer structure supporting the building over the railway and the levels above the transfer structure are considered in the context of current regulatory requirements. The principles and assumptions associ- ated with various approaches are discussed. 1 INTRODUCTION Other papers presented in this series consider the design of buildings for gravity loads, wind and earthquakes.The design of buildings against such load effects is to a large extent covered by engineering based standards referenced by the building regulations. This is not the case, to nearly the same extent, in the
外文文献及翻译
文献翻译 原文 Combining JSP and Servlets The technology of JSP and Servlet is the most important technology which use Java technology to exploit request of server, and it is also the standard which exploit business application .Java developers prefer to use it for a variety of reasons, one of which is already familiar with the Java language for the development of this technology are easy to learn Java to the other is "a preparation, run everywhere" to bring the concept of Web applications, To achieve a "one-prepared everywhere realized." And more importantly, if followed some of the principles of good design, it can be said of separating and content to create high-quality, reusable, easy to maintain and modify the application. For example, if the document in HTML embedded Java code too much (script), will lead the developed application is extremely complex, difficult to read, it is not easy reuse, but also for future maintenance and modification will also cause difficulties. In fact, CSDN the JSP / Servlet forum, can often see some questions, the code is very long, can logic is not very clear, a large number of HTML and Java code mixed together. This is the random development of the defects. Early dynamic pages mainly CGI (Common Gateway Interface, public Gateway Interface) technology, you can use different languages of the CGI programs, such as VB, C / C + + or Delphi, and so on. Though the technology of CGI is developed and powerful, because of difficulties in programming, and low efficiency, modify complex shortcomings, it is gradually being replaced by the trend. Of all the new technology, JSP / Servlet with more efficient and easy to program, more powerful, more secure and has a good portability, they have been many people believe that the future is the most dynamic site of the future development of technology. Similar to CGI, Servlet support request / response model. When a customer submit a request to the server, the server presented the request Servlet, Servlet responsible for handling requests and generate a response, and then gave the server, and then from the server sent to
外文文献翻译——参考格式
广东工业大学华立学院 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文参考文献译文及原文 系部经济学部 专业经济学 年级 2007级 班级名称 07经济学6班 学号 16020706001 学生姓名张瑜琴 指导教师陈锶 2011 年05月
目录 1挑战：小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 (1) 2什么商业银行带给小额贷款和什么把他们留在外 (2) 3 商业银行的四个模型进入小额贷款之内 (4) 3.1内在的单位 (4) 3.2财务子公司 (5) 3.3策略的同盟 (5) 3.4服务公司模型 (6) 4 合法的形式和操作的结构比较 (8) 5 服务的个案研究公司模型：厄瓜多尔和Haiti5 (9)
1 挑战：小额贷款中的进入和商业银行的长期承诺 商业银行已经是逐渐重要的运动员在拉丁美洲中的小额贷款服务的发展2到小额贷款市场是小额贷款的好消息客户因为银行能提供他们一完整类型的财务的服务，包括信用，储蓄和以费用为基础的服务。整体而言，它也对小额贷款重要，因为与他们广泛的身体、财务的和人类。如果商业银行变成重的运动员在小额贷款，他们能提供非常强烈的竞争到传统的小额贷款机构。资源，银行能廉宜地发射而且扩张小额贷款服务rela tively。如果商业广告银行在小额贷款中成为严重的运动员，他们能提出非常强烈的竞争给传统的小额贷款机构。然而，小额贷款社区里面有知觉哪一商业银行进入进入小额贷款将会是短命或浅的。举例来说，有知觉哪一商业银行首先可能不搬进小额贷款因为时候建立小额贷款操作到一个有利润的水平超过银行的标准投资时间地平线。或，在进入小额贷款，银行之后可能移动在－上面藉由增加贷款数量销售取利润最大值－或者更坏的事，退出如果他们是不满意与小额贷款的收益性的水平。这些知觉已经被特性加燃料商业银行的情形进入小额贷款和后来的出口之内。在最极端的，一些开业者已经甚至宣布，”降低尺度死！”而且抛弃了与主意合作的商业银行。 在最 signific 看得到的地方，蚂蚁利益商业银行可能带给小额贷款，国际的ACCION 发展发射而且扩张的和一些商业银行的关系小额贷款操作。在这些情形的大部分方面， ACCION 和它的合伙人正在使用方法，已知的当做服务公司模型，表演早答应当做一个能工作的方法克服真正的。 商业银行的障碍进入和穿越建立长命的小额贷款操作一个商业银行 这论文描述如何服务公司模型、住址商业银行中的主要议题进入进小额贷款，监定成功建立的因素动作井小额贷款服务公司，和礼物结果和小额贷款的课servic e 公司用最长的经验，在海地和审判官席 del 的 SOGEBANK│ SOGESOL 初期结果指出那这服务公司模型表现一重要的突破在促成商业银行进入和留在小额贷款。在厄瓜多尔的 Pichincha│ CREDIFE。初期结果指出服务公司模型在促成商业广告中表现一次重要的突破银行进入而且留在小额贷款。
客户关系管理外文文献翻译(2017)
XXX学院 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 学院：计算机与软件工程学院 专业：计算机科学技术(软件工程方向) 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：GoyKakus.THE RESEARCH OFCUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT STRATEGY [J]. International Journal of Management Research & Review, 2017, 1(9): 624-635. 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 客户关系管理战略研究 Goy Kakus 摘要 客户关系管理解决方案，通过为你提供客户业务数据来帮助你提供客户想要的服务或产品,提供更好的客户服务、交叉销售和更有效的销售,达成交易,保留现有客户并更好地理解你的客户是谁。本文探讨了客户关系管理模型在获得、保持与发展策略方面的优势。然而,我们对其定义和意义还存在一些困惑。本文通过考察关系营销和其他学科方面的相关文献，解释了客户关系管理的概念基础,从而对客户关系管理的知识作出了贡献。 关键词:客户关系管理模型, 客户关系管理的博弈改变者与关键策略 引言 CRM 是客户关系管理的简称。它的特征在于公司与客户的沟通,无论是销售还是服务相关的。客户关系管理这一术语经常用来解释企业客户关系,客户关系管理系统也以同样的方式被用来处理商业联系, 赢得客户,达成合同和赢得销售。 客户关系管理通常被考虑作为一个业务策略，从而使企业能够: *了解客户 *通过更好的客户体验留住客户 *吸引新客户 *赢得新客户和达成合同 *提高盈利 *减少客户管理成本 *通过服务台等工具软件,电子邮件组织者和不同类型的企业应用程序，企业业务经常寻求个性化的在线体验。 设计精良的客户关系管理包括以下特征: 1．客户关系管理是一种以顾客为中心并以客户投入为基础的服务响应，一对一的解决客户的必需品, 买家和卖家服务中心直接在线互动,帮助客户解决他
文献翻译英文原文
https://www.360docs.net/doc/ea1375788.html,/finance/company/consumer.html Consumer finance company The consumer finance division of the SG group of France has become highly active within India. They plan to offer finance for vehicles and two-wheelers to consumers, aiming to provide close to Rs. 400 billion in India in the next few years of its operations. The SG group is also dealing in stock broking, asset management, investment banking, private banking, information technology and business processing. SG group has ventured into the rapidly growing consumer credit market in India, and have plans to construct a headquarters at Kolkata. The AIG Group has been approved by the RBI to set up a non-banking finance company (NBFC). AIG seeks to introduce its consumer finance and asset management businesses in India. AIG Capital India plans to emphasize credit cards, mortgage financing, consumer durable financing and personal loans. Leading Indian and international concerns like the HSBC, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, Barclays and HDFC Bank are also waiting to be approved by the Reserve Bank of India to initiate similar operations. AIG is presently involved in insurance and financial services in more than one hundred countries. The affiliates of the AIG Group also provide retirement and asset management services all over the world. Many international companies have been looking at NBFC business because of the growing consumer finance market. Unlike foreign banks, there are no strictures on branch openings for the NBFCs. GE Consumer Finance is a section of General Electric. It is responsible for looking after the retail finance operations. GE Consumer Finance also governs the GE Capital Asia. Outside the United States, GE Consumer Finance performs its operations under the GE Money brand. GE Consumer Finance currently offers financial services in more than fifty countries. The company deals in credit cards, personal finance, mortgages and automobile solutions. It has a client base of more than 118 million customers throughout the world
土木工程外文文献翻译
专业资料 学院： 专业：土木工程 姓名： 学号： 外文出处：Structural Systems to resist (用外文写) Lateral loads 附件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文 抗侧向荷载的结构体系 常用的结构体系 若已测出荷载量达数千万磅重，那么在高层建筑设计中就没有多少可以进行极其复杂的构思余地了。确实，较好的高层建筑普遍具有构思简单、表现明晰的特点。 这并不是说没有进行宏观构思的余地。实际上，正是因为有了这种宏观的构思，新奇的高层建筑体系才得以发展，可能更重要的是：几年以前才出现的一些新概念在今天的技术中已经变得平常了。 如果忽略一些与建筑材料密切相关的概念不谈，高层建筑里最为常用的结构体系便可分为如下几类： 1.抗弯矩框架。 2.支撑框架，包括偏心支撑框架。 3.剪力墙，包括钢板剪力墙。 4.筒中框架。 5.筒中筒结构。 6.核心交互结构。 7. 框格体系或束筒体系。 特别是由于最近趋向于更复杂的建筑形式，同时也需要增加刚度以抵抗几力和地震力，大多数高层建筑都具有由框架、支撑构架、剪力墙和相关体系相结合而构成的体系。而且，就较高的建筑物而言，大多数都是由交互式构件组成三维陈列。 将这些构件结合起来的方法正是高层建筑设计方法的本质。其结合方式需要在考虑环境、功能和费用后再发展，以便提供促使建筑发展达到新高度的有效结构。这并
不是说富于想象力的结构设计就能够创造出伟大建筑。正相反，有许多例优美的建筑仅得到结构工程师适当的支持就被创造出来了，然而，如果没有天赋甚厚的建筑师的创造力的指导，那么，得以发展的就只能是好的结构，并非是伟大的建筑。无论如何，要想创造出高层建筑真正非凡的设计，两者都需要最好的。 虽然在文献中通常可以见到有关这七种体系的全面性讨论，但是在这里还值得进一步讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论。设计方法的本质贯穿于整个讨论中。 抗弯矩框架 抗弯矩框架也许是低，中高度的建筑中常用的体系，它具有线性水平构件和垂直构件在接头处基本刚接之特点。这种框架用作独立的体系，或者和其他体系结合起来使用，以便提供所需要水平荷载抵抗力。对于较高的高层建筑，可能会发现该本系不宜作为独立体系，这是因为在侧向力的作用下难以调动足够的刚度。 我们可以利用STRESS，STRUDL 或者其他大量合适的计算机程序进行结构分析。所谓的门架法分析或悬臂法分析在当今的技术中无一席之地，由于柱梁节点固有柔性，并且由于初步设计应该力求突出体系的弱点，所以在初析中使用框架的中心距尺寸设计是司空惯的。当然，在设计的后期阶段，实际地评价结点的变形很有必要。 支撑框架 支撑框架实际上刚度比抗弯矩框架强，在高层建筑中也得到更广泛的应用。这种体系以其结点处铰接或则接的线性水平构件、垂直构件和斜撑构件而具特色，它通常与其他体系共同用于较高的建筑，并且作为一种独立的体系用在低、中高度的建筑中。
第三方物流外文文献(原文与翻译)
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