Physiology
american journal of physiology-cell physiology投稿经验
american journal of physiology-cellphysiology投稿经验引言概述：在科学研究领域，投稿经验对于学术界的研究人员来说非常重要。
本文将分享一位研究人员在投稿到《American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology》期刊的经验。
《American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology》是一本专注于细胞生理学的顶级期刊，拥有广泛的读者群体和高度的学术声誉。
本文将从五个大点出发，详细阐述投稿经验，以期帮助研究人员在投稿过程中获得更好的结果。
正文内容：1. 文章选择和准备1.1 研究主题的选择1.2 文章结构的设计1.3 文章撰写的规范1.4 数据的准备和分析1.5 文章的创新性和重要性2. 投稿前的准备工作2.1 熟悉期刊要求2.2 寻找合适的投稿人2.3 准备好相关材料2.4 检查文章的语法和拼写错误2.5 确保文章的完整性和准确性3. 投稿过程中的注意事项3.1 注意投稿的时机3.2 选择适当的编辑和审稿人3.3 遵守期刊的规范和指南3.4 回复审稿意见时的注意事项3.5 确保文章的质量和可读性4. 审稿过程中的处理方式4.1 积极回应审稿意见4.2 修订文章时的注意事项4.3 提供充分的解释和实验证据4.4 与编辑和审稿人保持良好的沟通4.5 确保修订后的文章符合期刊要求5. 投稿结果和后续处理5.1 接受或拒绝的结果处理5.2 修订和再投稿的策略5.3 沟通和交流的重要性5.4 对投稿经验的总结和反思5.5 继续努力和追求更高水平的研究总结：通过本文的阐述，我们可以得出以下结论：在投稿到《American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology》期刊时，研究人员需要注意文章选择和准备、投稿前的准备工作、投稿过程中的注意事项、审稿过程中的处理方式以及投稿结果和后续处理等方面。
八年制《生理学》第三版---绪论
2. 反射——神经系统活动的基本形式
反射(reflex)分为条件反射(conditioned reflex)和非条件反 射(unconditioned reflex)。
3. 反射弧—— 神经系统活动的结构基础
二、体液调节是一种较为原始的调节方式
成熟的个体通过无性或有性繁殖方式产生或形成与 本身相似的子代个体。
2. 辅助生殖技术： 体外受精-胚胎移植
(in vitro fertilization and embyo transfer,IVF-ET) 卵泡浆内单精子显微注射
(intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection,ICSI) 胚胎植入前遗传学诊断
第一篇 绪 论
Chapter 1 Introduction
掌握:
学习要点
1. 内环境、稳态和生物节律的定义 2. 体液调节、神经调节、自身调节的概念、特点和意义及其相互
之间的关系 3. 人体自动控制系统的类别、功能意义及它们之间的的异同
熟悉：
1. 生理学的研究对象和任务 2. 生理学的研究层次，立足局部把握整体
(Basic properties of the living body)
❖ 新 陈 代 谢(metabolism)
❖ 兴 奋 性(excitability)
❖ 适 应 性(adaptability)
❖生
殖(reproduction)
一、新陈代谢是生命活动最基本的特征
新陈代谢(Metabolism) 生物体不断与环境进行物质和能量交换，摄取营养物
❖ 神经调节(nervous regulation)
❖ 体液调节(humoral regulation) ❖ 自身调节(autoregulation)
医学英语综合教程第三版课后答案physiology
医学英语综合教程第三版课后答案physiology1、There are sixty _______ in an hour. [单选题] *A. hoursB. daysC. minutes(正确答案)D. seconds2、A modern city has sprung up in _____was a waste land ten years ago. [单选题] *A.whichB.what(正确答案)C.thatD.where3、( ). The old man enjoys ______ stamps. And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A. collectB. collectedC. collecting(正确答案)D. to collect4、—Is this ______ football, boy? —No, it is not ______.（）[单选题] *A. yours; myB. your; mine(正确答案)C. your; meD. yours; mine5、By the end of this month, all this _____. [单选题] *A. is changedB．will changeC. will have changed(正确答案)D. has changed6、Nearly two thousand years have passed _____ the Chinese first invented the compass. [单选题] *A. whenB. beforeC. since(正确答案)D. after7、82．—Is there a bookshop near here?—Yes. Walk ________ the road for five minutes and you'll see one near a big tree. [单选题] *A．toB．along(正确答案)C．ofD．about8、Many of my classmates are working _______volunteers. [单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. toC. atD. like9、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)10、The bookshop is far away. You’d better _______. [单选题] *A. by the busB. by busC. take busD. take?the bus(正确答案)11、Alice hopes to _______ more friends at her new school. [单选题] *A. visitB. make(正确答案)C. missD. take12、Her （）for writing was that she wished women to get the right to higher education. [单选题] *A. motivation(正确答案)B. motivateC. effectD. concentration13、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)14、Allen is looking forward to _______ his American partner at the trade fair. [单选题] *A. meetB. meeting(正确答案)C. be meetingD. having meeting15、13．—Will you come to my party?—I am not ________ . [单选题] *A．mindB．sure(正确答案)C．happyD．Sorry16、They may not be very exciting, but you can expect ______ a lot from them.（）[单选题] *A. to learn(正确答案)B. learnC. learningD. learned17、22．______ is convenient to travel between Pudong and Puxi now. [单选题] *A．It(正确答案)B．ThisC．ThatD．What18、There is something wrong with my teeth. I’ve had?a _______. [单选题] *A. toothache(正确答案)B. headacheC. stomachacheD. heartache19、_____he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t have told him the truth. [单选题] *A.If I knewB.Had I known(正确答案)C.Did I knowD.Were I known20、Can you tell me how the accident _______? [单选题] *A. came about(正确答案)B. came backC. came downD. came from21、Sitting at the back of the room（）a very shy girl with two bright eyes. [单选题] *A. is(正确答案)B. areC. hasD. there was22、What do you think of the idea that _____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of _____ population. [单选题] *A. a, /B. an, /C. a, theD. an, the(正确答案)23、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking24、Both Mary and Linda don't care for fish. [单选题] *A. 喜欢(正确答案)B. 关心C. 照料D. 在乎25、The（)majority of the members were against the idea. [单选题] *A. substantialB. enormousC. considerable(正确答案)D. overwhelming26、I don’t think he will take the case seriously,_____? [单选题] *A.don’t IB.won’t heC.does heD.will he(正确答案)27、You should finish your homework as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. 赶快地B. 尽能力C. 一...就D. 尽快地(正确答案)28、_____ of the land in this area _____ covered with forest. [单选题] *A. Two-fifth; isB. Two fifth; areC. Two fifths; is(正确答案)D. Two fifths; are29、The storybook is very ______. I’m very ______ in reading it. （）[单选题] *A. interesting; interested(正确答案)B. interested; interestingC. interested; interestedD. interesting; interesting30、19．_______ will the film Country Road last? [单选题] *A．How farB．How oftenC．How soon D．How long(正确答案)。
《解剖生理学》绪论 ppt课件
解剖学(anatomy)： 24 lessons / 6 weeks 生理学(physiology)：40 lessons/10 weeks
PPT课件
2
解剖学
§ 历史 § 未来 § 与其它学科的关系 § 衍生学科 § 姿势和术语
PPT课件
3
The farther backward you can look The farther forward you will see
以恢复古代希腊和罗马文化纲领的思想文化运动
天文学的进步
哥白尼《天体运行论》
PPT课件
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医学的革命
“没有科学和经验，谁也不能作医生”
“我的著作不象别的医生那样，抄袭希波克拉 底
和盖仑，我是以经验为基础，用劳动写成”
Paracelsus，1493-1541
PPT课件
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建立人体解剖学
维萨里 《人体的构造》
活力论派 德国化学家、医学家斯塔尔
布鲁诺、伽利略和刻卜勒等自然科学家及 波义耳、梅犹等化学家等影响，医学引入
量度观念，更加注重观察和实践
PPT课件
23
实验观察与数量分析
方法的引入，促进了
桑克托留斯 新陈代谢
基础医学的发展
哈维 《论动物心脏 与血液运动的 解剖学研究》
胡克 《显微镜学》
PPT课件
《医典》
解剖学，病理学，生理学，治疗学， 制药学，卫生学，饮食营养学
Avicenna (A.D. 980-1037)
PPT课件
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文艺复兴时期
(公元1453年～16世纪)
PPT课件
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社会和文化背景
地理知识 资本主义手工工场 中国四大发明的传播 东罗马帝国灭亡后文化西迁 人文主义和自然科学的兴起
医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译
医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译医学常用生理学名词英汉翻译（Medical Physiology Terms: English to Chinese Translation）Introduction:医学常用生理学名词是医学领域中不可或缺的基础内容。
准确理解这些名词的英汉翻译对医学教育和研究至关重要。
本文旨在提供一份包含医学常用生理学名词的英汉翻译的综合参考，帮助读者更好地理解这些名词，并在医学领域中应用它们。
一、细胞生理学（Cell Physiology）1. 细胞（Cell）- 生物体的基本结构和功能单位。
2. 细胞膜（Cell Membrane）- 包裹和保护细胞的透过半透膜。
3. 溶质（Solute）- 溶解在溶剂中的物质。
4. 入外去内形式（Endo-Exocytosis）- 物质从细胞内进出的过程。
5. 离子（Ion）- 带电荷的原子或分子。
二、心血管生理学（Cardiovascular Physiology）1. 心脏（Heart）- 泵血器官，将氧和养分输送到全身。
2. 血管（Blood Vessels）- 导管系统，包括动脉、静脉和毛细血管。
3. 血压（Blood Pressure）- 衡量血液对血管壁的压力。
4. 心肌收缩（Myocardial Contraction）- 心肌收缩将血液推向体循环。
5. 心输出量（Cardiac Output）- 心脏每分钟泵出的血液量。
三、消化生理学（Digestive Physiology）1. 消化系统（Digestive System）- 约束口腔、食管、胃和肠道的器官组织。
2. 蛋白酶（Protease）- 分解蛋白质的酶。
3. 胆囊（Gallbladder）- 存储胆汁的器官。
4. 葡萄糖（Glucose）- 最常见的糖类，是能量的重要来源。
5. 肠道吸收（Intestinal Absorption）- 营养物质从肠道进入血液。
四、泌尿生理学（Renal Physiology）1. 肾脏（Kidneys）- 过滤血液，产生尿液，并维持体液平衡。
最新药学英语第五版原文翻译
Introduction to PhysiologyIntroductionPhysiology is the study of the functions of living matter. It is concerned with how an organism performs its varied activities: how it feeds, how it moves, how it adapts to changing circumstances, how it spawns new generations. The subject is vast and embraces the whole of life. The success of physiology in explaining how organisms perform their daily tasks is based on the notion that they are intricate and exquisite machines whose operation is governed by the laws of physics and chemistry.Although some processes are similar across the whole spectrum of biology—the replication of the genetic code for or example—many are specific to particular groups of organisms. For this reason it is necessary to divide the subject into various parts such as bacterial physiology, plant physiology, and animal physiology.To study how an animal works it is first necessary to know how it is built. A full appreciation of the physiology of an organism must therefore be based on a sound knowledge of its anatomy. Experiments can then be carried out to establish how particular parts perform their functions. Although there have been many important physiological investigations on human volunteers, the need for precise control over the experimental conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, and dogs. When it is clear that a specific physiological process has a common basis in a wide variety of animal species, it is reasonable to assume that the same principles will apply to humans. The knowledge gained from this approach has given us a great insight into human physiology and endowed us with a solid foundation for the effective treatment of many diseases.The building blocks of the body are the cells, which are grouped together to form tissues. The principal types of tissue are epithelial, connective, nervous, and muscular, each with its own characteristics. Many connective tissues have relatively few cells but have an extensive extracellular matrix. In contrast, smooth muscle consists of densely packed layers of muscle cells linked together via specific cell junctions. Organs such as the brain, the heart, the lungs, the intestines, and the liver are formed by the aggregation of different kinds of tissues. The organs are themselves parts of distinct physiological systems. The heart and blood vessels form the cardiovascular system; the lungs, trachea, and bronchi together with the chest wall and diaphragm form the respiratory system; the skeleton and skeletal muscles form the musculoskeletal system; the brain, spinal cord, autonomic nerves and ganglia, and peripheral somatic nerves form the nervous system, and so on.Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain生理学简介介绍生理学是研究生物体功能的科学。
生理学英文练习题绪论
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONSummaryPhysiology is the study of how living organisms work. It is the science that describe the normal functions and their regular patterns of the living organisms. The vast field of physiology can be divided into viral physiology, bacterial physiology, cellular physiology, plant physiology, human physiology,and many more subdivisions. However, the Human Physiology is very important and basic biomedical course for medical students.The body has three fundamental characteristics of living organism which are metabolism, excitability and reproduction. The metabolism include material metabolism and energy metabolism. The material metabolisms of carbonhydrate, lipid, proteins etc. have mainly been learned in BIOCHMISTRY. The energy metabolism will be learned in the 7th Chapter in PHYSIOLOGY. The excitability is very important physiological term, the property of living organisms that permit them to react to stimuli is defined as excitability.Since the normal functions of organs or organ systems was emphasized, homeostasis is another very important physiological concept. Homeostasis signifies a stable and constant status of the internal enviroment in the body of living organism. It is a dynamic balance of pH, osmostic pressure, temperature, ions concentrations, and so on. Homeostasis is a necessary for the normal functions of cells, organs and organ systems. Therefore, homeostasis is the soul concept of PHYSIOLOGY.The living organism needs to overcome the possible disorder caused by the metabolisms, then homeostasis could be maintained and the normal functions of the living organisms could be gone on. How to maintain the homeostasis? There are mainly three mechanisms to maintain the homeostasis. They are neural regulation, humoral regulation and auto-regulation. Three regulatory patterns exhibit different mechanisms and features.Feedback, a term borrowed from engineering, is a fundamental feature of homeostasis. Feedback regulation anticipates changes in a regulated variable, improves the speed of the body’s homeostatic responses, and minimizes fluctuations in the level of the variable being regulated. In the negative feedback system, a change in the variable being regulated brings about response that tend to push the variable in the direction opposite to the original change. The homeostasis could be maintained after negative feedback regulation. In positive feedback system, an initial disturbance in the system sets off a train of events that increases the disturbance even further. Some special physiological activities in the living organism are carried out by the positive feedback system such as processes of giving birth, blood coagulation, micturition.Definition1.Physiology（生理学）2.Acute experiment（急性实验）3.Chronic experiments（慢性实验）4.In vitro（离体）5.In vivo（在体）6.Metabolism（新陈代谢）7.Interstitial fluid（组织间液）8.Internal environment（内环境）9.Homeostasis（稳态）10.Excitability（兴奋性）11.Excitation（兴奋）12.Inhibition（抑制）13.Stimulus（刺激）14.Neural regulation（神经调节）15.Neuro-humoral regulation（神经体液调节）16.Reflex arc（反射弧）17.Unconditioned reflex（非条件反射）18.Conditioned reflex（条件反射）19.Humoral regulation（体液调节）20.Auto-regulation（自身调节）21.Feedback（反馈）22.Negative feedback（负反馈）23.Positive feedback（正反馈）24.Feedforward（前馈）Choose the ONE best answer, then fill the corresponding letter in the blank.( C ) 1. Which one of the following is a physiological process with negative feedback?A.Blood coagulationB.Process of passing urineC.Sino-aortic baroreceptor reflexD.Na+ influx during action potentialE.Process of parturition( D ) 2. Which one of the following is not the property of regulation by hormone?A.Slow in onsetB.Diffuse in natureC.Longer in durationD.Accurate in actionE.Action in overcorrection( D ) 3. Which of the following is not the fundamental characteristic of living organisms?A.MetabolismB.ExcitabilityC.ReproductionD.Passive diffusionE.Adaption( D ) 4. The concept of homeostasisA.includes the concept of an error signal.B.refers to maintaining physiological functions in a stable condition.C.refers only to the regulation of body temperature.D. A and BE. B and C(A) 5. This term refers to the existence of a stable internal environmentA.HomeostasisB.FeedbackC.AutoregulationD.All the aboveE.None of the above(C) 6. Which one of the following provides long-term regulatory control that results in relatively unchanging internal conditions.A.Positive FeedbackB.DiseaseC.Negative FeedbackD.All the aboveE.None of the above(B) 7. Moving your hand away from a hot stove is an example of a basic function calledA.Positive feedbackB.ResponseC.RegulationD.All the aboveE.None of the above(E) 8. On the objects that Physiology researches and observes, which of the following is correct description ?A.Whole body levelan and organ systems levelsC.Cellular levelD.Molecular levelE.All the above(E) 9. On the methodology applied in Physiology, which of the following is correct?A.Acute experimentB.Chronic experimentC.Experiment in vivoD.Experiment in vitroE.All the above(D) 10. The acceleration of heart beat caused by catecholamine hormones released from adrenal gland after doing exercise, it isA.Neural regulationB.Humoral regulationC.AutoregulationD.Neural-humoral regulationE.None of the aboveQuestions:1.What are the five components of the reflex arc?2.What are fundamental characteristics of living organism?3.Explain the mechanisms of how to maintain the homeostasis in living organism.4.Contrast the properties of the neural regulation, humoral regulation and auto-regulation.5.Describe the category of the humoral regulation.Answers:Definitions:1.Physiology（生理学）: Physiology is the study of how living organisms work, the goal ofphysiology is to study the normal functions and their regular patterns of organs or organ systems of living organism.2.Acute experiment（急性实验）：Experiment performed is to study the physiologicalactivities or to observe the reaction to the external interference in short time is called acute experiment. The animals used are oftenly under anesthesia, and the experiments are oftenly destructive and irreversible, even induce the death of animals. The acute experiment include experiment in vivo and in vitro.3.Chronic experiments（慢性实验）: Experiment performed is to study the physiologicalactivities or to observe the reaction to the external interference in long time is called chronic experiment. The Chronic experiments may be performed on conscious subject for a long period of time after recovery from the operation.4.In vitro（离体）：Experiment is performed on an isolated tissue or organ that is taken outfrom the body of the animal.5.In vivo（在体）：Experiment is performed on the whole body of the animal to observe oneor some physiological functions of the organ or organ systems.6.Metabolism（新陈代谢）：Metabolism is the one of basic characteristics of livingorganism. It means all the chemical reactions in all the cells of the body, and includes all material and energy transformations that occur in the body. The material metabolism includes catabolic and anabolic reactions.7.Interstitial fluid（组织间液）：The spaces between cells are called the interstitutium, thefluid in these spaces is the interstitial fluid.8.Internal environment（内环境）：It is the environment that all cells of the body live in theextracellular fluid, which is called the internal environment of the body.9.Homeostasis（稳态）：The state maintenance of a constancy and balance in one’s internalenvironment. It is the soul of the physiology.10.Excitability（兴奋性）：It is the ability of certain kinds of cells (excitable cell) to makeresponse to the stimulus. Essentially, It is the ability of cells to generate action potential.Excitability is a fundamental property to all tissues and cells.11.Excitation（兴奋）：It signifies a beginning of an activity or increase in physiologicalactivity after stimulus, such as the acceleration of the heart beat after stimulating the sympathetic nerve.12.Inhibition（抑制）：Inhibition is a stop of an activity or a decrease in physiological activityafter stimulus, such as the slowing of the heart beat after stimulating the vagus nerve.13.Stimulus（刺激）：Any changes from external or internal environmental factors that causesa response in a sense organ or an organism are called the stimulus. It includes the physical,chemical and biological stimuli.14.Neural regulation（神经调节）：The functions of organs or organ systems are regulated bythe central nervous system via the reflexes. The reflex is the regular response of effectors to the stimulus based on the reflex arc.15.Neuro-humoral regulation（神经体液调节）：In many cases, the endocrine system is soclosely related to the nervous system that it can be regarded as an extension of the efferent limb of the reflex arc . In this instance it is called neuro-humoral regulation.16.Reflex arc（反射弧）：Reflex arc is the pathway in a reflex, it is the basic unit of integratedneural activity, consisting of receptor, afferent nerve, nervous center, efferent nerve and effector.17.Unconditioned reflex（非条件反射）：A fixed reflex whose mechanism may be supposedto be inherited as its functioning does not depend on previous experience.18.Conditioned reflex（条件反射）：A learned reflex in which the nervous system istrained to produce a new and unusual response to a stimulus.19.Humoral regulation（体液调节）：The functions of organs or organ systems areregulated by the special chemicals released by the endocrine glands or cells, or metabolic products released by the living cells.20.Auto-regulation（自身调节）：In certain cases, a tissue or organ can respond directly to theenvironmental change, depending neither on nervous nor on humoral control. This form of regulation is called auto-regulation.21.Feedback（反馈）：It is a flow of information along a closed loop. Usually, a constancy ofphysiological variable requires a feedback mechanism that feeds the output information back to the control system so as to modify the nature of control.22.Negative feedback（负反馈）：A regulated variable is sensed, information is sent to acontroller, and action is taken to oppose change from the desire value.23.Positive feedback（正反馈）：With a variable is sensed and action is taken to reinforcechange of the variable, so it promotes a change in one direction.24.Feedforward（前馈）：control mechanisms often sense a disturbance and can therefore takecorrective action that anticipates changes. Conditioned reflexes belong to the feedforward control system.。
口腔解剖生理学
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14.公元前（gongyuanqian）miladiyadin ilgiri 15.例如（liru）masilan，alayluq，misal 16.世纪（shiji）asir 世纪广场 asir maydani 17.关于（guanyu）haqqida，alaqidar，togriluq 18.广泛（guangfan）kangdairida 19.记载（jizai）hatirilimak，yazmaq 20.其中（qizhong）uning ichida，jumlidin 21.对（dui）qarita，togra，udul 22.萌发（mengfa）chiqmaq，bihlanmaq ，usup chuqmaq 23.颞下颌（niexiahe）chika-asti igak（asti chag） 24.关节（guanjie）bugum 25.脱位（tuowei）chiqiq，sugak bugumliri chiqip katmak 26.整修（zhengxiu）ongxax，tuzax 27.详细（xiangxi）tapsili，eniq 28.深度（shendu）chongqurluq
口腔解剖生理学
绪论：口腔解剖生理学的发展与地位
今天的复习内容
• 1.新单词 • 2.口腔解剖生理学的定义 • 3.口腔解剖生理学的任务
今天的新单词
• • • • • • • • • • • • • 1.发展（fazhan）taraqqiyat，yuksilix 2.地位（diwei）orun，rol，jay，martiwa 3.伴随（bansui）...ga agixip，agaxmak，kynidin mangmaq 4.悠久（youjiu）uzaq，uzun，uzaq zaman 5.历史（lishi）tarih，tarihi 6.古代（gudai）qadimki，qadim zamandiki，kadim dawirdiki 7.发展史（fazhanshi）taraqqiyat tarihi，tabiat tarihi 8.曾经（cengjing）ozwahtida，bir chaglarda 9.作出（zuochu）qilmaq，chiqarmaq 10.重要（zhongyao）muhim ，jiddi 11.贡献（gongxian）tohpa，tohpa qoxmaq，taqdim qilmaq 12.方面（fangmian）tarap，alaqididar，saha，jahat 13.论述（lunshu）bayan，xarih，bayan qilmaq ，xarhlimak
电Physiology 电线缆说明书
Processed byInstructions for UseReusable Electrophysiology Catheter Cables •STERILEExplanation of SymbolsFederal Law in the USA restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physicianSterilized by Ethylene Oxide GasDate of ProcessingUse by DateCatalogue NumberSee Instructions For UseDo Not Use if Package is DamagedKeep Product DryKeep Away from SunlightStryker Sustainability Solutions, Inc. © 2006, 20111810 W. Drake DriveTempe, AZ 85283888.888.3433Electrophysiology Catheter Cable DescriptionElectrophysiology catheter cables are designed as electrode cables with a multi-pin connector on the distal end and the appropriate number of tails on the proximal end. The cables either interface an EP catheter with the appropriate external stimulation or recording equipment or, serve as an extension cable between an EP catheter and equipment out of immediate reach. The reusable sensor enabled catheter cables are used with sensor enabled diagnostic catheters for positioning and navigation applications.Indications for UseReusable electrophysiology catheter cables are indicated for use with the appropriate electrode catheter during electrophysiology studies.The Reusable sensor enabled catheter cables are intended for use with compatible electrophysiology products for electrogram recording or cardiac stimulation, and for use with compatible sensor enabled catheter positioning and navigation applications.Contraindications for UseNoneWarnings•The use of this device requires a thorough understanding of the techniques and principles of angiography, electrophysiology and transvenous intracardiac electrophysiology studies and temporary pacing.•Do not connect the electrophysiology catheter cable to devices or power sources other than the appropriate electrode catheter(s) and equipment•Connecting the electrophysiology catheter cable to an inappropriate electrical connection such as a wall socket may result in serious injury to patient and operator or damage to equipment.•Employ proper electromechanical device guidelines and hospital standards in cases where conventional line powered equipment is used near the patient. Extraneous electrical currents may reach the electrophysiology equipment, catheter and heart and could result in lethal arrhythmias.•To prevent injury to patient or operator, use extreme caution if employing components with unprotected male pin connectors during device set-up.•Verify that all amplifiers, pacing equipment and ECG equipment is isolated or patient injury or death may occur.Recommended maximum leakage current from any connected device to the patient must not exceed 10 microamps. •Radiation sterilization must not be used for Biosense Webster® Carto™ Reusable Cables as this method will cause damage.•Reusable Sensor Enabled Catheter Cables: Connected equipment must be patient isolated.Precautions•Do not immerse cable connectors in liquids.•Do not expose cables to strong or organic solvents.•Use of additional electrical equipment could cause noise induction into the cable.•Follow standard grounding precautions for electrosurgical instruments.•Prior to use, verify compatibility of electrophysiology catheter cable model with electrophysiology catheter model in use.•Improper handling may result in patient or operator injury.•If the cable becomes electrically discontinuous or a break occurs in the cable wire, arcing may occur in the patient-return or active circuit and may burn the patient or create a fire.•Personnel handling the electrophysiology cable should wear gloves.Adverse ReactionsNone.Directions for Use1.The package label is detachable and may be affixed to the medical record of the patient.2. Before beginning the procedure, verify compatibility of all devices and accessories.3. Inspect packaging before opening. The contents of the package are sterile if the package has not been compromised.Do not use the device if the sterility has been compromised. If the package is damaged or if it was opened and thedevice not used, return the device and package to Stryker Sustainability Solutions.4. Do not attempt to resterilize.5. Remove the device from the package and place it in a sterile work area using aseptic technique.6. Inspect the device for overall condition and physical integrity. Do not use the device if any damage is noted. Do notattempt to repair any damage. Return the device and packaging to Stryker Sustainability Solutions if it is not in acceptable condition for the procedure.7. To attach the electrophysiology catheter cable to the electrode catheter, push the cable connector into the catheterconnector. In models with arrow(s) on the cable connector, line up arrow(s) and line prior to pushing in.8. Hold the catheter connector in place and push the extension cable connector firmly into the catheter connector.9. Attach the electrophysiology catheter cable to the ECG monitoring or stimulation terminal.10. For Biosense Webster® Carto™ Reusable Cables one end of the cable states “To System” and must be connected tothe System, the other end (“catheter end”) states the catalog number and must be connected to the catheter.11. For Reusable Sensor Enabled Catheter Cables:•Use the connection with the grey strain relief (for the 12-pole cable) or the black strain relief (for the 22-pole cable) to connect to the Sensor Enabled™ diagnostic catheter.•Be sure to observe the proximal end connector pins of the sensor enabled cable when connecting to an EP recording system. Refer to the EP recording system instructions.•Use the connection with the white strain relief to connect the reusable sensor enabled catheter cable to navigation and positioning systems. For the Medi-Guide™ system, connect the white strain relief to theMedi-Guide™ Cath Connect, Sensor Enabled™. For the EnSite Precision™ system, connect the whitestrain relief of the sensor enabled cable to the EnSite Precision™ Link, Sensor Enabled™.•Use care to isolate any unused connector pins. This will reduce the chances of developing accidental current pathways to the heart.•Ensure that the connection is secure between the cable and connecting equipment.12. If the electrode catheter needs to be repositioned, the electrophysiology catheter cable may be disconnected as theelectrode catheter is moved to the new location under fluoroscopic guidance and reconnected. Verify proper catheter placement after relocation.13. To disconnect, grasp the connectors on both cable and catheter side and pull. Do not pull directly on the cable or thecatheter.14. Follow a suitable electrophysiology study protocol.Compatibility•Use the appropriate electrophysiology catheter cable for the electrode catheter being utilized.•The connector on the proximal end is designed to universally fit electrophysiology recording equipment.Storage and Handling•Store at 10°C to 50°C.•Do not expose to relative humidity above 95%.•Do not expose Biosense Webster® Carto™ Reusable Cables to relative humidity above 85%.Cleaning and Disinfection1. Product must be thoroughly cleaned using a validated method after each use.2. Devices to be cleaned using Stryker Sustainability Solutions’ cleaning method should be placed in the appropriatecollection container system and staged for pickup.WarrantyReprocessed ProductsStryker warrants all reprocessed products, subject to the exceptions provided herein, to be free from defects in reprocessing and to substantially conform to the product specifications contained in the documentation provided by Stryker with the products for one use in accordance with the instructions for use of such product.STRYKER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES TO THE EXTENT CAUSED BY ANY DEFECT IN MATERIAL, WORKMANSHIP OR DESIGN BY THE ORIGINAL MANUFACTURER OF THE PRODUCT OR ANY ACT OR OMISSION OF THE ORIGINAL MANUFACTURER OF THE PRODUCT.Products for which Stryker is the Original ManufacturerStryker warrants all products for which it is the original manufacturer, subject to the exceptions provided herein, to be free from defects in design, materials and workmanship and to substantially conform to the product specifications contained in the documentation provided by Stryker with the products for a period of one year from the date of purchase.General Warranty Terms Applicable to All ProductsTO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE EXPRESS WARRANTY SET FORTH HEREIN IS THE ONLY WARRANTY APPLICABLE TO THE PRODUCTS AND IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY BY STRYKER, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT WILL STRYKER’S LIABILITY ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THE PRODUCT (WHETHER UNDER THE THEORIES OF BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT, MISREPRESENTATION, FRAUD, WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER THEORY OF LAW) EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE, CURRENT MARKET VALUE OR RESIDUAL VALUE OF THE PRODUCTS, WHICHEVER IS LESS. STRYKER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY OR UNDER ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY.This warranty shall apply only to the original end-user purchaser of products directly from Stryker or a Stryker authorized distributor. This warranty may not be transferred or assigned without the express written consent of Stryker.This warranty does not apply to: (1) products that have been misused, neglected, modified, altered, adjusted, tampered with, improperly installed or refurbished; (2) products that have been repaired by any person other than Stryker personnel without the prior written consent of Stryker; (3) products that have been subjected to unusual stress or have not been maintained in accordance with the instructions in the user manual or as demonstrated by a Stryker representative; (4) products on which any original serial numbers or other identification marks have been removed or destroyed; or (5) products that have been repaired with any unauthorized or non-Stryker components.If a valid warranty claim is received within thirty (30) days of the expiration of the applicable warranty period, Stryker will, in its sole discretion: (1) replace the product at no charge with a product that is at least functionally equivalent to the original product or (2) refund the purchase price of the product. If a refund is provided by Stryker, the product for which the refund is provided must be returned to Str yker and will become Stryker’s property.In any event, Stryker’s liability for breach of warranty shall be limited to the replacement value of the defective or non-conforming part or component.If Stryker determines in its reasonable discretion that the claimed defect or non-conformance in the product is excluded from warranty coverage as described hereunder, it will notify the customer of such determination and will provide an estimate of the cost of repair of the product. In such an event, any repair w ould be performed at Stryker’s standard rates.Products and product components repaired or replaced under this warranty continue to be warranted as described herein during the initial applicable warranty period or, if the initial warranty period has expired by the time the product is repaired or replaced, for thirty (30) days after delivery of the repaired or replaced product. When a product or component is replaced, the item provided in replacement will be the customer’s property and the replaced item will be Stryker’s property. If a refund is provided by Stryker, the product for which the refund is provided must be returned to Stryker and will become Stryker’s property.Carto are trademark of Biosense Webster, Inc.MediGuide™, Sensor Enabled™, EnSite Precision™ are trademarks of St. Jude Medical. REC Rev G 04-2019 RM702082。
人体解剖生理学Human Anatomy and Physiology汇总
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 5．腹部分区（subdivisions of the abdomen） （1）Anatomical subdivision of the abdomen
两条横线：分别通过两侧肋弓最低点（即第 １０肋的最低点）和两侧髂结节 的连线； 两条垂线：分别通过两侧腹股沟韧带中点的 垂线。 分为九个区：
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Summary
Reflexes(automatic reaction to internal and external stimuli) depend on the reflex arc.Some reflexes are important for avoiding injury,and others are necessary for normal physiological function.
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The terms superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, superficial/deep, and central/peripheral describe the relative position of body parts.
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Summary
The body has levels of organization that progress from atoms to molecules, macromolecules(biomolecules), cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and finally, the organism.
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3.轴（axis） 矢状轴（sagittal axis） 冠状轴/额状轴（coronal/ frontal axis） 垂直轴（vertical axis）