国贸英汉互译
国际贸易 英译汉
英译汉第六章：1、INCOTERMS 《通则》2、11个贸易术语3、FOB Liner Terms （FOB班轮条件）CFR/CIF Liner Terms (CFR/CIF班轮条件)第七章1.Sale by Seller’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖2.Sale by Buyer’s Sample 凭买方样品买卖3.Sale by Counter Sample 凭对等样买卖4.Sale by Specification 凭规格买卖5.Sale by Grade 凭等级买卖6.Sale by Standardized 凭标准买卖7.Sale by Mark or Brand 凭商标或牌名买卖8.Sale by Name of Origin 凭产地名买卖9.Sale by Description or Drawings 凭说明书和图样买卖10.Fair Average Quality，FAQ 良好平均品质11.Gross Weight 毛重12 Net Weight 净重 Net Weight 净净重14.Legal weight 法定重量15.Conditional Weight 公量16.Theoretical Weight 理论重量17.More or Less Clause 溢短装条款18.Outer Packing 运输包装（外包装）19.Inner Packing 销售包装（内包装）20.Shipping Mark 运输标志（唛头，唛）23.Neutral Packing 中性包装第八章1.Liner Transport 班轮运输2.Shipping by Chartering 租船运输Charter Party 租船合同（租约）方式V oyage Charter 定程租船Time Charter 定期租船Bare Boat Charter 光船租船3装箱方式：Full Container Load，FCL 整箱Less Than Container Load ，LCL 拼箱4 Bill of Lading，B/L 提单5 提单分类：On Board B/L 已装船提单Received for shipment B/L 备运提单Clean B/L 清洁提单Unclear/ Foul B/L 不清洁提单Straight B/L 记名提单Open B/L或Bearer B/L 不记名提单Order B/L 指示提单6 Direct B/L 直达提单Transshipment B/L 转船提单Through B/L 联运提单7 Port of Shipment 装运港Port of Destination 目的港8.Partial Shipment 分批装运Transshipment 转运9.Shipping Advice 装运通知Lay Time 装卸时间第九章insurance 风险average 海损total loss 全部损失actual total loss 实际全损constructive total loss 推定全损Partial loss 部分损失General average，GA 共同海损Particular average 单独海损Warehouse to warehouse clause，W/W 仓至仓条款第十一章Draft / bill of exchange 汇票Promissory Note 本票Cheque / check 支票Documents against Payment , D/P 付款交单Documents against Acceptance , D/A 承兑交单Letter of credit , L/C (信用证) Applicant , Opener (开证申请人)Revocable L/C (可撤销信用证) Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证Confirmed L/C 保兑信用证Unconfirmed L/C 非保兑信用证Transferable L/C 可转让信用证Non-transferable L/C 不可转让信用证Back to back L/C 背对背信用证。
国贸翻译句子
Quantity:100,000M/T,5% more or less, at Buyer's option and at contract price.数量：100000公吨允许5%的增减幅度，由卖方选择，增减部分按合同价格计算Shipment during Apr/ May 1995 in two about equal lots, transshipment allowed.1995年四月五月分两批平均装运，允许转船Shipment during Mar/ Apr/ May with partial shipment and transshipment allowed.3/4/5月分批装运，允许转船Insurance to be covered by the buyers.由买方负责投保Insurance to be covered by the sellers for 110% of invoice value against Marine Risks as per Institute Cargo Clauses (A) dated 1/1/1982.由卖方按发票金额的110%投保海运险，按照1982年1月1日伦敦保险业协会货物（A）险条款负责USD800 per Metric ton CIF NewYork including 3% Commission & 3% discountCIF纽约每公吨800美元，佣金3%，折扣3%USD1000 per M/T CIF HongKong including 3% CommissionCIF香港每公吨1000美元，佣金3%USD1000 per M/T CIFC3% Guangzhou每公吨1000美元CIFC3% 广州USD200 per metric ton CIF London including 3% discountCIF伦敦每公吨200美元，折扣3%USD200 per metric ton CIF London less 3% discountCIF伦敦每公吨200美元,减3%折扣EXW ex work 货交承运人FCA free carrier 货交承运人CPT 运费货交第一承运人CIP 运费加保险费货交第一承运人*DAT terminal货交买家*DAP place货交买家DDP 完事后货交买家FOB=商品成本+国内总费+预期利润CFR=FOB+国际运费CIF=CFR+国际保险费。
国际贸易中英文术语及缩写
一般贸易ordinary trade易货贸易barter trade 国家之间不通过货币媒介直接交换货物补偿贸易compensation trade 利用外资进口国外技术或设备,用产品偿还协定贸易agreement trade 根据各国政府间签订的贸易协定和清算协定进行的贸易进料加工processing with imported materials 进口原材料、零部件，加工成品后再出口来料加工processing with customer's materials 由国外厂商提供原材料、零部件，由国内厂商按外商要求加工装配，成品交外商销售，加工方收工缴费出料加工outward processing 由国内厂商提供原材料、零部件，国外厂商按要求加工装配，成品返销，加工方收取工缴费寄售贸易consignment trade 寄售人氢货物运到国外,委托代销人销售国际租赁international lease 根据国际租赁契约，出租人将设备租凭给他国承租人使用边境贸易frontier trade 边境城镇与接壤国家边境城镇之间及边民互市贸易转口贸易entrepot trade 经过转口国进行的进出口贸易许可贸易license trade 商标、专利技术、专有技术以许可协议形式进行的贸易期货贸易forward trade 通过国际期货市场进行远期商品买卖承包工程contract project 承包国外工程技术项目或劳务项目的进出口设备和货物国际招标international bid 通过国际招标形式进行的一种进出口贸易国际展览international exhibition 通过国际展览会和国际博览会等形式进出口货物国际拍卖international exhibition 通过国际拍卖进行的一种贸易国际货款进口international loan 国际金融机构或外国政府提供贷款项目的进口归还贷款出口reimburse loan 国家批准的国际贷款项目通过出口产品来归还贷款外商投资企业进口imports by foreign-invested enter-prises 根据国家有关规定,外商投资企业进口货物外商投资企业出口exports by foreign-invested enter-prises 根据国家有关规定,外商投资企业出口货物国际援助international aid 国际组织或外国政府提供无偿援助的进出口货物捐赠donation 台港澳同胞、华侨、民间团体和个人捐赠给我国的物资赠送present 外国组织或个人赠送给我国组织或个人的物资其它贸易other trade 国际贸易中使用的上述贸易方式之外的贸易方式分析证书certificate of analysis一致性证书cettificate of conformity质量证书certificate of quality测试报告test report产品性能报告product performance report产品规格型号报告product specification report工艺数据报告process data report首样测试报告first sample test report价格／销售目录price ／sales catalogue参与方信息party information农产品加工厂证书mill certificate家产品加工厂证书post receipt邮政收据post receipt重量证书weight certificate重量单weight list证书cerificate价值与原产地综合证书combined certificate of value adn origin移动声明Ａ．ＴＲ．１movement certificate Ａ．ＴＲ．１数量证书certificate of quantity质量数据报文quality data message查询query查询回复response to query订购单purchase order制造说明manufacturing instructions领料单stores requisition产品售价单invoicing data sheet包装说明packing instruction内部运输单internal transport order统计及其他管理用内部单证statistical and oter administrative internal docu-ments 直接支付估价申请direct payment valuation request直接支付估价单direct payment valuation临时支付估价单rpovisional payment valuation支付估价单payment valuation数量估价单quantity valuation request数量估价申请quantity valuation request合同数量单contract bill of quantities-BOQ不祭价投标数量单unpriced tender BOQ标价投标数量单priced tender BOQ询价单enquiry临时支付申请interim application for payment支付协议agreement to pay意向书letter of intent订单order总订单blanket order现货订单sport order租赁单lease order紧急订单rush order修理单repair order分订单call off order寄售单consignment order样品订单sample order换货单swap order订购单变更请求purchase order change request订购单回复purchase order response租用单hire order备件订单spare parts order交货说明delivery instructions交货计划表delivery schedule按时交货delivery just-in-time发货通知delivery release交货通知delivery note装箱单packing list发盘／报价offer／quotation报价申请request for quote合同contract订单确认acknowledgement of order形式发票proforma invoice部分发票partial invoice操作说明operating instructions铭牌name／product plate交货说明请求request for delivery instructions订舱申请booking request装运说明shipping instructions托运人说明书(空运) shipper's letter of instructions(air)短途货运单cartage order(local transport)待运通知ready for despatch advice发运单despatch order发运通知despatch advice单证分发通知advice of distrbution of document．商业发票commercial invoice贷记单credit note佣金单commission note借记单debit note更正发票corrected invoice合并发票consolidated invoice预付发票prepayment invoice租用发票hire invoice税务发票tax invoice自用发票self-billed invoice保兑发票delcredere invoice代理发票factored invoice租赁发票lease invoice寄售发票consignment invoice代理贷记单factored credit note银行转帐指示instructions for bank transfer银行汇票申请书application for banker's draft托收支付通知书collection payment advice跟单信用证支付通知书document．ry credit payment advice跟单信用证承兑通知书document．ry credit acceptance advice跟单信用证议付通知书document．ry credit negotiation advice银行担保申请书application for banker's guarantee银行担保banker's guarantee跟单信用证赔偿单document．ry credit letter of indemnity信用证预先通知书preadvice of a credit托收单collection order单证提交单document．presentation form付款单payment order扩展付款单extended payment order多重付款单multiple payment order贷记通知书credit advice扩展贷记通知书extended credit advice借记通知书debit advice借记撤消reversal of debit贷记撤消reversal of credit跟单信用证申请书document．ry credit application跟单信用证document．ry credit跟单信用证通知书document．ry credit notification跟单信用证转让通知document．ry credit transfer advice跟单信用证更改通知书document．ry credit amendment notification 跟单信用证更改单document．ry credit amendment汇款通知remittance advice银行汇票banker's draft汇票bill of exchange本票promissory note帐户财务报表financial statement of account帐户报表报文statement of account message保险赁证insurance certificate保险单insurance policy保险申报单(明细表) insurance declaration sheet (bordereau)保险人发票insurer's invoice承保单cover note货运说明forwarding instructions货运代理给进口代理的通知forwarder's advice to import agent货运代理给出口商的通知forwarder's advice to exporter货运代理发票forwarder's invoice货运代理收据证明forwarder's certificate of receipt托运单shipping note货运代理人仓库收据forwarder's warehouse receipt货物收据goods receipt港口费用单port charges document．入库单warehouse warrant提货单delivery order装卸单handling order通行证gate pass运单waybill通用(多用)运输单证universal (multipurpose) transport document．承运人货物收据goods receipt, carriage全程运单house waybill主提单master bill of lading提单bill of lading正本提单bill of lading original副本提单bill of lading copy空集装箱提单empty container bill油轮提单tanker bill of lading海运单sea waybill内河提单inland waterway bill of lading不可转让的海运单证(通用) non-negotiable maritime transport document．nbsp(generic) 大副据mate's receipt全程提单house bill of lading无提单提货保函letter of indemnity for non-surrender of bill of lading货运代理人提单forwarder's bill of lading铁路托运单(通用条款) rail consignment note (generic term)陆运单road list-SMGS押运正式确认escort official recognition分段计费单证recharging document．公路托运单road cosignment note空运单air waybill主空运单master air waybill分空运单substitute air waybill国人员物品申报crew's effects declaration乘客名单passenger list铁路运输交货通知delivery notice(rail transport)邮递包裹投递单despatch note (post parcels)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal／combined transport document．nbsp(generic)直达提单through bill of lading货运代理人运输证书forwarder's certificate of transport联运单证(通用) combined transport document．nbsp(generic)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal transport document．nbsp(generic)多式联运提单combined transport bill of lading／multimoda bill of lading订舱确认booking confirmation要求交货通知calling foward notice运费发票freight invoice货物到达通知arrival notice(goods)无法交货的通知notice of circumstances preventing delvery (goods)无法运货通知notice of circumstances preventing transport (goods)交货通知delivery notice (goods)载货清单cargo manifest载货运费清单freight manifest公路运输货物清单bordereau集装箱载货清单container manifes (unit packing list)铁路费用单charges note托收通知advice of collection船舶安全证书safety of ship certificate无线电台安全证书safety of radio certificate设备安全证书safety of equipment certificate油污民事责任书civil liability for oil certificate载重线证书loadline document．免于除鼠证书derat document．航海健康证书maritime declaration of health船舶登记证书certificate of registry船用物品申报单ship's stores declaration出口许可证申请表export licence, application出口许可证export licence出口结汇核销单exchange control declaration, exprotT出口单证(海关转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note moder TT1出口单证(内部转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T1T2出口单证(原产地证明书) despatch note model T2T5管理单证(退运单证)(欧共体用) control document．nbspT5铁路运输退运单re-sending consigment noteT2L出口单证(原产地证明书)(欧共体用) despatch note model T2L出口货物报关单goods declaration for exportation离港货物报关单cargo declaration(departure)货物监管证书申请表application for goods control certificate货物监管证书申请表goods control certificate植物检疫申请表application for phytosanitary certificate植物检疫证书phytosanilary certificate卫生检疫证书sanitary certificate动物检疫证书veterinary certifieate商品检验申请表application for inspection certificate商品检验证书inspection certificate原产地证书申请表certificate of origin, application for原产地证书certificate of origin原产地申明declaration of origin地区名称证书regional appellation certificate优惠原产地证书preference certificate of origin普惠制原产地证书certificate of origin form GSP领事发票cosular invoice危险货物申报单dangerous goods declaration出口统计报表statistical doucument, export国际贸易统计申报单intrastat declaration交货核对证明delivery verification certificate进口许可证申请表import licence, application for进口许可证import licence无商业细节的报关单customs declaration without commercial detail有商业和项目细节的报关单customs declaration with commercial and item detail无项目细节的报关单customs declaration without item detail有关单证related document．海关收据receipt (Customs)调汇申请application for exchange allocation调汇许可foreign exchange permit进口外汇管理申报exchange control declaration (import)进口货物报关单goods declaration for implortation内销货物报关单goods declaration for home use海关即刻放行报关单customs immediate release declaration海关放行通知customs delivery note到港货物报关单cargo declaration (arrival)货物价值申报清单value declaration海关发票customs invoice邮包报关单customs deciaration (post parcels)增值税申报单tax declaration (value added tax)普通税申报单tax declaration (general)催税单tax demand禁运货物许可证embargo permit海关转运货物报关单goods declaration for customs transitTIF国际铁路运输报关单TIF formTIR国际公路运输报关单TIR carnet欧共体海关转运报关单EC carnetEUR1欧共体原产地证书EUR 1 certificate of origin暂准进口海关文件ATA carnt欧共体统一单证single administrative document．海关一般回复general response (Customs)海关公文回复document．nbspresponse (Customs)海关误差回复error response (Customs)海关一揽子回复packae response (Customs)海关计税／确认回复tax calculation ／confirmation response (Customs)配额预分配证书quota prior allocation certificate最终使用授权书end use authorization政府合同government contract进口统计报表statistical document．import跟单信用证开证申请书application for document．ry credit先前海关文件／报文previous Customs document．messageMC SM国际贸易术语英文缩写A/W 全水路All Water B/L 海运提单Bill of Lading B/R 买价Buying Rate BAF 燃油附加费Bunker Adjustment Factor C&F 成本加(海)运费Cost and Freight C.C 运费到付Collect C.S.C 货柜服务费Container Service Charge C.Y. 货柜场Container Yard C/（CNEE）收货人Consignee C/O 产地证Certificate of Origin CAF 货币汇率附加费Currency Adjustment Factor CFS 散货仓库Container Freight Station CFS/CFS 散装交货（起点/终点）CHB 报关行Customs House Broker CIF 成本，保险加海运费Cost，Insurance，Freight CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地Carriage and Insurance Paid To COMM 商品Commodity CPT 运费付至目的地Carriage Paid To CTNR 柜子Container CY/CY 整柜交货（起点/终点）D/A 承兑交单Document Against Acceptance D/O 到港通知Delivery Order D/P 付款交单Document Against Payment D/R 场站收据DOCK RECEIPT DAF 边境交货Delivered At Frontie DDC 目的港码头费Destination Delivery Charge DDP完税后交货Delivered Duty Paid DDU 未完税交货Delivered Duty Unpaid DEQ 目的港码头交货Delivered Ex Quay DES 目的港船上交货Delivered Ex Ship Doc# 文件号码Document Number EPS 设备位置附加费Equipment Position Surcharges Ex工厂交货Work/Ex Factory F/F 货运代理Freight Forwarder FAF 燃油价调整附加费（日本航线专用）Fuel Adjustment Factor FAK 各种货品Freight All Kind FAS 装运港船边交货Free Alongside Ship FCA 货交承运人Free Carrier FCL 整柜Full Container Load Feeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次FEU 40‘柜型Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’FMC 联邦海事委员会Federal Maritime Commission FOB 船上交货Free On Board GRI 全面涨价General Rate Increase H/C 代理费Handling ChargeHBL 子提单House B/L I/S 内销售Inside Sales IA 各别调价Independent ActionL/C 信用证Letter of Credit Land Bridge 陆桥LCL 拼柜Less Than Container Load M/T 尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费）Measurement Ton MB/L 主提单Master Bill Of Loadin MLB 小陆桥，自一港到另一港口Minni Land Bridge Mother V essel 主线船MTD 多式联运单据Multimodal Transport Document N/F 通知人Notify NVOCC无船承运人Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier O/F 海运费Ocean Freight OBL 海运提单Ocean （or Oiginal ）B/L OCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点Overland Continental Point OP 操作Operation ORC 本地收货费用（广东省收取）Origen Recevie Charges P.P 预付Prepaid PCS 港口拥挤附加费Port Congestion Surcharge POD 目地港Port of Destination POL 装运港Port of Loadin PSS 旺季附加费Peak Season Surcharges S/（Shpr）发货人Shipper S/C 售货合同Sales Contract S/O 装货指示书Shipping Order S/R 卖价Selling Rate S/S Spread Sheet Spread Sheet SC 服务合同Service Contract SSL 船公司Steam Ship Line T.O.C 码头操作费Terminal Operations Option T.R.C 码头收柜费Terminal Receiving Charge T/S 转船，转运Transit-Ship T/T 航程Transit Time TEU 20‘柜型Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’ THC 码头操作费（香港收取）Terminal Handling Charges TTL 总共Totals TVC/ TVR 定期定量合同Time V olume Contract/ Rate VOCC 船公司Vessel Operating Common Carrier W/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费Weight or Measurement ton W/T 重量吨（即货物收费以重量计费）Weight TonY AS 码头附加费Yard SurchargQ。
国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)
1.全球化世界贸易组织:(World Trade Organization)国际货币基金组织:(International Monetary Fund)《关税及贸易总协定》:(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)世界银行:(World Bank)国际贸易:(international trade)对外直接投资:(foreign direct investment)对外直接投资存量:(stock of foreign direct investment)外国企业:(multinational enterprise)国际企业:(international business)2.政治经济中的国家差异政治经济:(political economy)政治体制:(political system)集体主义:(collectivism)社会主义者:(socialists)共产主义者:(communists)社会民主主义者:(social democrats)私有化:(privatization)个人主义:(individualism)民主:(democracy)极权:(totalitarianism)市场经济:(maeket economy)计划经济:(command economy)法律体系:(legal system)普通法:(common law)大陆法:(civil law system)宗教法:(theocratic law system)合同法:(contract law)财产权:(property rights)私下行为:(private action)公共行为:(public action)《反海外腐败法》:(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act)知识产权:(intellectual property)专利:(patent)版权:(copyrights)商标:(trademarks)产品安全法:(product safety laws)产品责任:(product liability)3.政治经济和经济发展人均国民收入:(gross national income)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity)人文发展指数:(Human Development Index)创新:(innovation)创业者:(entrepreneurs)放松管制:(deregulation)第一进入者优势:(first-mover advantages)后进者优势:(late-mover disadvantages)政治风险:(political risk)经济风险:(economic risk)4.文化差异跨文化知识能力:(cross-cultural literacy)价值观:(values)准则:(norms)社会:(society)社会习惯:(folkways)道德准则:(ethics)社会结构:(social structure)群体:(group)社会阶层:(social strata)社会流动性:(social mobility)等级制度:(caste system)阶级制度:(class system)阶级意识:(class consciousness)宗教:(religion)伦理体系:(ethical systems)关系:(relationship)联系:(connection)权利距离:(power distance)个人主义:(individualism versus)集体主义:(collectivism)不确定性规避:(uncertainty avoidance)男性主义和女性主义:(masculinity versus femininity)儒家动力:(confucian dynamism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)5.国际商务伦理商业伦理:(business ethics)伦理策略:(ethics strategy)社会责任:(socisl responsibility)伦理困境:(ethical dilemmas)组织文化:(organizayion cultural)文化相对论:(cultural relativism)道德论者:(righteous moralist)非道德论者:(native immoralist)实用主义伦理:(utilitarian approaches)权利理论:(rights theories)公正分配:(just distribution)无知之幕:(veil of ignorance)道德公约:(code of ethics)利益相关者:(stakeholders)6.国际贸易理论自由贸易:(free trade)新贸易理论:(nwe trade theory)重商主义:(mercantilism)零和博弈:(zero-sum game)绝对优势:(absolute advantage)规模报酬率:(constant returns to specialization)要素禀赋:(factor endowments)规模经济:(economies of scale)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常账户:(current account)经常账户赤字盈余:(current account deficit surplus)资本账户:(capital account)金融账户:(financial account)7.国际贸易中的政治经济自由贸易:(free trade)关税:(tariff)从量税:(specific tariffs)从价税:(ad valorem tariffs)补贴:(subsidy)进口配额:(import quota)关税配额:(tariff rate quota)自愿出口限制:(voluntary export restraint)配额租金:(quota rent)国产化规定:(local content requirement)行政管理贸易政策:(administrative trade policies)倾销:(dumping)反倾销政策:(antidumping policies)抵消性关税:(counter vailing duties)幼稚工业论:(infant industry argument)战略贸易政策:(strategic trade policy)8.国际直接投资新设投资:(greenfield invsetment)流量:(flow of FDI)存量:(stock of FDI)对外直接投资:(outflows of FDI)外来直接投资:(inflows of FDI)固定资本形成总额:(gross fixed capital formation)折中理论:(eclectic paradigm)出口:(exporting)技术授权:(licensing)内部化理论:(internalization theory)不完善理论:(market imperfections approach)寡头垄断行业:(oligopoly)多点竞争:(multipoint competition)区位优势:(location-specific advantages)外部性:(externalities)国际收支账户:(balance-of-payments accounts)经常项目:(current account)离岸生产:(offshore production)9.区域经济一体化区域经济一体化:(regional economic integration)自由贸易区:(free trade area)关税同盟:(customs union)共同市场:(common market)经济联盟:(economic union)政治联盟:(political union)贸易创造:(trade creation)贸易转移:(trade diversion)执行董事会:(executive board)监管董事会:(governing council)最优货币区:(optional currency area)10.外汇市场外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)汇率:(exchange rate)外汇风险:(foreign exchange risk)外汇投机:(currency speculation)套息交易:(carry trade)即期汇率:(spot exchange rate)远期外汇:(forward exchange)远期汇率:(forward exchange rate)掉期:(currency swap)套汇:(arbitrage)载体货币:(vehicle currency)一价定律:(law of one price)效率市场:(efficient market)应用材料:(applied materials)费雪效应:(Fisher effect)跟风效应:(bandwagon effect)效率市场:(efficient market)无效市场:(inefficient market)自由兑换:(freely convertible)对外可兑换:(externally convertible)不可兑换:(nonconvertible)资本外逃:(capital flight)对等贸易:(counter trade)交易风险:(transaction exposure)折算风险:(translation exposure)经济风险:(economic exposure)提前策略:(lead strategy)错后策略:(lag strategy)11.国际货币体系国际货币体系:(international monetary system)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)盯住汇率:(pegged exchange rate)管理浮动:(dirty float)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)金本位制度:(gold standard)黄金平价:(gold par value)贸易收支平衡:(balance-of-trade equilibrium)管理浮动制度:(managed-float system)货币局制度:(currency board)货币危机:(currency crisis)银行危机:(banking crisis)外债危机:(foreign debt crisis)裙带资本主义:(crony capitalism)道德风险:(moral hazard)12.全球资本市场共享方差:(shared variance)对冲基金:(hedge funds)游资:(hot money)耐心货币:(patient money)外国债券:(foreign bonds)13.国际企业的战略战略:(strategy)盈利能力:(profitability)投资资本收益率:(ROIC)利润增长:(profit growth)价值创造:(value creation)运营:(operations)核心竞争力:(core competence)区位经济:(location economies)全球网络:(global web)经验曲线:(experience curve)学习效应:(learning effects)规模经济:(economies of scale)普遍需要:(universal needs)全球标准化战略:(global standardization strategy)本土化战略:(localization strategy)跨国战略:(transnational strategy)国际战略:(international strategy)14.国际企业的组织组织构架:(organizational architecture)组织结构:(organizational structure)控制系统:(control systems)奖励:(incentives)流程:(processes)组织文化:(organizational culture)垂直差异化:(vertical differentiation)水平差异化:(horizontal differentiation)建立整合机构:(integrating mechanisms)国际分部:(intermational division)世界范围的地区结构:(worldwide area structure)世界范围的产品分部:(worldwide product division structure)全球矩阵结构:(global matrix structure)知识网络:(knowledge network)个人控制:(personal control)行政组织结构:(bureaucratic control)产出控制:(output control)文化控制:(cultural control)绩效模糊:(performance ambiguity)15.进入战略和战略联盟战略联盟:(strategic alliance)私营部门债务:(private-sector debt)进入时机:(timing of entry)先入者优势:(first-mover advantages)开拓成本:(pioneering costs)交钥匙工程:(turnkey project)技术授权协议:(licensing agreement)技术授权协议:(cross-licensing agreement)特许经营:(franchising)合资企业:(joint venture)全资子公司:(wholly owned subsidiary)16.出口、进口和对等贸易出口管理公司:(export management company)信用证:(letter of credit)汇票:(draft)即期汇票:(sight draft)远期汇票:(time draft)提单:(bill of lading)进出口银行:(Export-Import-Bank)对等贸易:(counter trade)易货贸易:(barter)互购:(counter purchase)抵销:(offset)转手贸易:(switch trading)回购:(buy back)从价关税:(ad valorem tariff)委托代销:(consignment)禁运:(embargo)全球配额:(global quota)无形贸易壁垒:(invisible barriers to trade)信用证:(letter of credit)重商主义:(mercantilism)201条款:(section 201)17.全球生产、外包与物流生产:(production)物流:(cogistics)全面质量管理:(total quality management)六西格玛:(six sigma)最小效率规模:(minimum efficient scale)柔性制造技术:(flexible manufacturing technology)精益生产:(lean production)大规模定制:(mass customization)柔性机器单元:(flexible machine cells)价值重量:(value-to-weight)全球学习:(global learning)来源决策:(make-or-buy decisions)专业化资产:(specialized asset)动态能力:(dynamic capabilities)即时存货:(just-in-time)电子数据交换:(electronic data inferchange) 18.全球营销与开发营销组合:(marketing)市场细分:(market segmentation)集中零售体系:(concentrated retail system)分散零售体系:(fragmented retail system)渠道长度:(channel length)独占性的分销渠道:(exclusive distribution channel)渠道质量:(channel quality)源效应:(source effects)原产国效应:(country of orign effects)噪声:(noisy)推策略:(push strategy)拉策略:(pull strategy)需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)富有弹性:(elastic)缺乏弹性:(inelastic)策略性定价:(strategic pricing)掠夺性定价:(predatory pricing)多点定价:(multipoint pricing)经验曲线定价:(experience curve pricing) 19.全球人力资源管理人力资源管理:(human resource management)外派经理:(expatriate manager)人员配备政策:(staffing policy)企业文化:(corporate culture)外派人员:(expatriates)内派人员:(inpatriates)外派失败:(expatriate failure)自我倾向:(self-orientation)他人倾向:(others-orientation)感知能力:(perceptual ability)文化刚性:(cultural thoughness)20.国际企业会计和财务会计准则:(accounting standards)审计准则:(auditing standards)内部远期汇率:(internal forward rate)货币管理:(money management)交易成本:(transaction costs)双边净额:(bilateral netting)多边净额:(multilateral)税收抵免:(tax credit)税收条款:(tax treaty)延期准则:(deferral principle)避税港:(tax havens)特许权使用费:(royalties)转移价格:(transfer price)弗罗廷贷款:(fronting loan)。
国际贸易的名词解释
国际贸易的名词解释国际贸易的意思是什么呢?怎么用国际贸易来造句?下面是店铺为你整理国际贸易的意思，欣赏和精选造句，供大家阅览!国际贸易的意思国际贸易的简称国贸(International Trade)，指不同国家(和/或地区)之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。
国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。
国际贸易也叫世界贸易。
国际贸易由进口贸易和出口贸易两部分组成，故有时也称为进出口贸易。
国际贸易(International Trade)是指不同国家(和/或地区)之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。
国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。
国际贸易也叫世界贸易。
国际贸易由进口贸易(Import Trade)和出口贸易(Export Trade)两部分组成，故有时也称为进出口贸易。
从一个国家的角度看国际贸易就是对外贸易(Foreign Trade)。
国际经济与贸易是运用国际经济学中的贸易理论和分析方法，研究国际贸易发生的原因、国际贸易政策、国际贸易实务以及国际贸易与经济发展关系的一门学科。
国际贸易造句欣赏1、谈判双方在语言理解上的分歧会严重影响每一笔国际贸易的成交，因为参加洽谈的任何一方自然都愿意使用自己管窥蠡测的语言。
2、要迎接世贸规则挑战，就应对国际贸易争端的基本程序和法律知识有所了解，否则，盲目应对便会自食其果。
3、新建的国际贸易大楼里批发零售的商品真是包罗万象,应有尽有。
4、这个时期贫穷国家能够利用其廉价劳动力在国际贸易中获取最大的利益，之后便是货物价格升高，退出世界廉价货物市场，生产能与发达国家相媲美的高附加值产品的阶段了。
5、在中国,仲裁由中国国际贸易促进会仲裁委员会主持进行.6、外贸体制改革的方向是放宽管制，与国际贸易惯例接轨。
7、国际贸易问题是建立新的国际经济秩序的重要内容，也是南北对话的议题。
8、申诉者还需要向美国国际贸易委员会证明，这些纸张的进口给美国市场造成或可能造成实质性损害。
9、在他的统治时期，英国东印度公司的国际贸易量急剧增加。
国贸英语翻译
1、通过国际贸易，可以使消费者和贸易国获取本国没有的商品和服务。
通过国际贸易，富裕国家可以更高效的使用其劳动力、技术或资本等资源。
Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. International trade allows wealthy countries to use their resources-whether labor ，technology ,or capital-more efficiently.2、自从实行改革开放政策以后，特别是加入世界贸易组织以后，中国的对外贸易取得了引人注目的增长。
Since the implementation of reforms and opening up policy ,especially after its accession to the WTO ,China has achieved remarkable growth in foreign trade.3、所有国家都享有公认的保护国家利益的权利，但是这个原则以及他们对世界贸易组织规则的理解都可能存在很大的差异。
All countries enjoy a recognized right to safeguard national interests ,but this principle ,as well as the interpretation of WTO rules themselves,is subject to considerable latitude in interpretation.4、在签订许可证协议之前，许可方全面了解被许可方国家有关知识产权的法律、法规。
国贸英语
civil /`sivl/: a. 全民的，国民的 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利civil service examination 公务员考试aviation /eivi`eif3n/: aviate vi. 飞行（衍生的名词形式：飞行，航空）民用航空，简称民航promise = make a promise承诺，允诺 `promising：有前途的，有希望的aircraft：飞行器，航行器 craft 工艺，手艺 handicraft：手工艺品maintenance /`meintin3ns/：n. 维护，保持 maintain vt. 维持，维修the computer seat booking service system: 网上售票服务系统show：表现“秀”：天桥秀，服装表演 models show clothes on the stage, performance of models as a show of: 作为……的表现negotiation: 商议，谈判 negotiate v. （与某人）商议，谈判，磋商on its entry into: enter into 进入，参加，成为……一部分enter可作及物和不及物动词，即进入的意思。
enter into 是进入什么状态，着手做某事的意思e.g.: Let's not enter into details at this stage. 咱们不要在现阶段著手处理具体问题。
The country entered into a state of war. 这个国家进入战争状态。
WTO: World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织with regard to = with reference to adv. 关于常用的：regard A as B 把A视为Bregrards: Good wishes expressing such sentiment. 问候：表达这类感情的美好祝愿。
国际贸易缩略语 中英文对照简版
国际贸易缩略语中英文对照国际贸易缩略语中英文对照1. 介绍在国际贸易领域，人们经常使用缩略语来简化交流和减少文字的重复。
这些缩略语在国际贸易文件、协议、合同等各种场合中被广泛使用。
本文档将为您提供一份国际贸易缩略语的中英文对照表，帮助您更好地理解和运用这些常见的缩略语。
2. 国际贸易缩略语列表下面是一些常见的国际贸易缩略语及其中英文对照：- CIF: 成本、保险费和货运费（Cost, Insurance and Freight）- FOB: 船上交货（Free On Board）- EXW: 工厂交货价（Ex Works）- L/C: 信用证（Letter of Credit）- WTO: 世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization）- ICC: 国际商会（International Chamber of Commerce）- AEO: 授权经营人（Authorized Economic Operator）- ETD: 预计离港日（Estimated Time of Departure）- ETA: 预计到港日（Estimated Time of Arrival）- MOQ: 最小订购量（Minimum Order Quantity）3. 使用国际贸易缩略语的好处使用国际贸易缩略语有以下几个好处：1. 节省时间和文字: 国际贸易缩略语可以简化文字表达，节省交流时间，提高效率。
2. 统一规范: 国际贸易缩略语是国际通用的，使用它们可以保持统一规范，减少误解和歧义。
3. 提升专业性: 熟练掌握国际贸易缩略语可以提升您的专业形象，使您在国际贸易领域更加得心应手。
4. 如何学习国际贸易缩略语学习国际贸易缩略语可以采取以下几个方法：1. 阅读相关文献: 阅读相关的国际贸易文件、协议、合同等文献，学习其中常见的缩略语。
2. 参加培训课程: 参加国际贸易相关的培训课程，课程中通常会涉及到国际贸易缩略语的使用。
国贸术语中英
1.合同的标的 Name of Commodity2.凭规格买卖（Sales by specification）3.凭等级买卖（Sales by Grade）4.凭标准买卖（Sale by Standard）5.良好平均品质（Fair Average Quality , F.A.Q.)6.上好可销品质（Good Merchantable Quality, G.M.Q)7.凭商标或品牌买卖（Sale by Trade Mark or Brand Name)8.品质公差(quality tolerance)9.毛重（GROSS WEIGHT）10.净重（NET WEIGHT）11.公量（CONDITIONED WEIGHT）12.理论重量（THEORETICAL WEIGHT）13.溢短装条款（MORE OR LESS）14.运输包装（shipping packing ）15.运输包装（shipping packing ）16.运输标志（shipping marks）：唛头17.指示性标志（indicative marks）18.警示性标志（warning marks）19.销售包装selling packing20.中性包装（neutral packing）21.《2000通则》（INCOTERM2000）22.国际商会(International Chamber of Commerce，ICC)23.E组（DEPARTURE起运）EXW （EX WORKS）工厂交货（…指定地点）24.F组（MAIN CARRIAGE UNPAID 主运费未付）25. FCA：FREE CARRIER货交承运人（…指定地点）26.FAS：FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP装运港船边交货（…指定装运港）27.FOB：FREE ON BOARD装运港船上交货（……指定装运港）28.C组（MAIN CARRIAGE PAID主要运费已付）29.CFR：成本加运费（…指定目的港）30.CIF：成本、保险加运费付至（…指定目的港）31.CPT：运费付至（…指定目的地）32.CIP：运费、保险费付至（…指定目的地）33.D组（ARRIVAL到达）34.DAF：DELIVERED AT FRONTIER 边境交货（…指定地点）35.DES：DELIVERED EX SHIP 目的港船上交货（…指定目的港）36.DEQ ：DELIVERED EX QUAY 目的港码头交货（…指定目的港）37.DDU： DELIVERED DUTY UNPAID 未完税交货（…指定目的地）38.DDP： DELIVERED DUTY PAID 完税后交货（…指定目的地）39.船货衔接 (Link-up of vessel and goods)40.FOB术语的变形(Variations)（1）FOB Liner Terms（班轮条件）（2）FOB Under Tackle（吊钩下交货）涉及驳运费（Lighterage ) 时由卖方负担。
国际贸易术语(中英文对照)
分析证书certificate of analysis一致性证书certificate of conformity质量证书certificate of quality测试报告test report产品性能报告product performance report产品规格型号报告product specification report工艺数据报告process data report首样测试报告first sample test report价格／销售目录price ／sales catalogue参与方信息party information农产品加工厂证书mill certificate家产品加工厂证书post receipt邮政收据post receipt重量证书weight certificate重量单weight list证书ceitificate价值与原产地综合证书combined certificate of value and origin移动声明Ａ．ＴＲ．１movement certificate Ａ．ＴＲ．１数量证书certificate of quantity质量数据报文quality data message查询query查询回复response to query订购单purchase order制造说明manufacturing instructions领料单stores requisition产品售价单invoicing data sheet包装说明packing instruction内部运输单internal transport order统计及其他管理用内部单证statistical and oter administrative internal docu-ments 直接支付估价申请direct payment valuation request直接支付估价单direct payment valuation临时支付估价单rpovisional payment valuation支付估价单payment valuation数量估价单quantity valuation request数量估价申请quantity valuation request合同数量单contract bill of quantities-BOQ不祭价投标数量单unpriced tender BOQ标价投标数量单priced tender BOQ询价单enquiry临时支付申请interim application for payment支付协议agreement to pay意向书letter of intent订单order总订单blanket order现货订单sport order租赁单lease order紧急订单rush order修理单repair order分订单call off order寄售单consignment order样品订单sample order换货单swap order订购单变更请求purchase order change request订购单回复purchase order response租用单hire order备件订单spare parts order交货说明delivery instructions交货计划表delivery schedule按时交货delivery just-in-time发货通知delivery release交货通知delivery note装箱单packing list发盘／报价offer／quotation报价申请request for quote合同contract订单确认acknowledgement of order形式发票proforma invoice部分发票partial invoice操作说明operating instructions铭牌name／product plate交货说明请求request for delivery instructions订舱申请booking request装运说明shipping instructions托运人说明书(空运) shipper's letter of instructions(air) 短途货运单cartage order(local transport)待运通知ready for despatch advice发运单despatch order发运通知despatch advice单证分发通知advice of distrbution of document．商业发票commercial invoice贷记单credit note佣金单commission note借记单debit note更正发票corrected invoice合并发票consolidated invoice预付发票prepayment invoice租用发票hire invoice税务发票tax invoice自用发票self-billed invoice保兑发票delcredere invoice代理发票factored invoice租赁发票lease invoice寄售发票consignment invoice代理贷记单factored credit note银行转帐指示instructions for bank transfer银行汇票申请书application for banker's draft托收支付通知书collection payment advice跟单信用证支付通知书document．ry credit payment advice跟单信用证承兑通知书document．ry credit acceptance advice跟单信用证议付通知书document．ry credit negotiation advice银行担保申请书application for banker's guarantee银行担保banker's guarantee跟单信用证赔偿单document．ry credit letter of indemnity信用证预先通知书preadvice of a credit托收单collection order单证提交单document．presentation form付款单payment order扩展付款单extended payment order多重付款单multiple payment order贷记通知书credit advice扩展贷记通知书extended credit advice借记通知书debit advice借记撤消reversal of debit贷记撤消reversal of credit跟单信用证申请书document．ry credit application跟单信用证document．ry credit跟单信用证通知书document．ry credit notification跟单信用证转让通知document．ry credit transfer advice跟单信用证更改通知书document．ry credit amendment notification 跟单信用证更改单document．ry credit amendment汇款通知remittance advice银行汇票banker's draft汇票bill of exchange本票promissory note帐户财务报表financial statement of account帐户报表报文statement of account message保险赁证insurance certificate保险单insurance policy保险申报单(明细表) insurance declaration sheet (bordereau)保险人发票insurer's invoice承保单cover note货运说明forwarding instructions货运代理给进口代理的通知forwarder's advice to import agent货运代理给出口商的通知forwarder's advice to exporter货运代理发票forwarder's invoice货运代理收据证明forwarder's certificate of receipt托运单shipping note货运代理人仓库收据forwarder's warehouse receipt货物收据goods receipt港口费用单port charges document．入库单warehouse warrant提货单delivery order装卸单handling order通行证gate pass运单waybill通用(多用)运输单证universal (multipurpose) transport document．承运人货物收据goods receipt, carriage全程运单house waybill主提单master bill of lading提单bill of lading正本提单bill of lading original副本提单bill of lading copy空集装箱提单empty container bill油轮提单tanker bill of lading海运单sea waybill内河提单inland waterway bill of lading不可转让的海运单证(通用) non-negotiable maritime transport document．nbsp(generic) 大副据mate's receipt全程提单house bill of lading无提单提货保函letter of indemnity for non-surrender of bill of lading货运代理人提单forwarder's bill of lading铁路托运单(通用条款) rail consignment note (generic term)陆运单road list-SMGS押运正式确认escort official recognition分段计费单证recharging document．公路托运单road cosignment note空运单air waybill主空运单master air waybill分空运单substitute air waybill国人员物品申报crew's effects declaration乘客名单passenger list铁路运输交货通知delivery notice(rail transport)邮递包裹投递单despatch note (post parcels)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal／combined transport document．nbsp(generic)直达提单through bill of lading货运代理人运输证书forwarder's certificate of transport联运单证(通用) combined transport document．nbsp(generic)多式联运单证(通用) multimodal transport document．nbsp(generic)多式联运提单combined transport bill of lading／multimoda bill of lading订舱确认booking confirmation要求交货通知calling foward notice运费发票freight invoice货物到达通知arrival notice(goods)无法交货的通知notice of circumstances preventing delvery (goods)无法运货通知notice of circumstances preventing transport (goods)交货通知delivery notice (goods)载货清单cargo manifest载货运费清单freight manifest公路运输货物清单bordereau集装箱载货清单container manifes (unit packing list)铁路费用单charges note托收通知advice of collection船舶安全证书safety of ship certificate无线电台安全证书safety of radio certificate设备安全证书safety of equipment certificate油污民事责任书civil liability for oil certificate载重线证书loadline document．免于除鼠证书derat document．航海健康证书maritime declaration of health船舶登记证书certificate of registry船用物品申报单ship's stores declaration出口许可证申请表export licence, application出口许可证export licence出口结汇核销单exchange control declaration, exprotT出口单证(海关转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note moder TT1出口单证(内部转运报关单)(欧共体用) despatch note model T1T2出口单证(原产地证明书) despatch note model T2T5管理单证(退运单证)(欧共体用) control document．nbspT5铁路运输退运单re-sending consigment noteT2L出口单证(原产地证明书)(欧共体用) despatch note model T2L出口货物报关单goods declaration for exportation离港货物报关单cargo declaration(departure)货物监管证书申请表application for goods control certificate货物监管证书申请表goods control certificate植物检疫申请表application for phytosanitary certificate植物检疫证书phytosanilary certificate卫生检疫证书sanitary certificate动物检疫证书veterinary certifieate商品检验申请表application for inspection certificate商品检验证书inspection certificate原产地证书申请表certificate of origin, application for原产地证书certificate of origin原产地申明declaration of origin地区名称证书regional appellation certificate优惠原产地证书preference certificate of origin普惠制原产地证书certificate of origin form GSP领事发票cosular invoice危险货物申报单dangerous goods declaration出口统计报表statistical doucument, export国际贸易统计申报单intrastat declaration交货核对证明delivery verification certificate进口许可证申请表import licence, application for进口许可证import licence无商业细节的报关单customs declaration without commercial detail有商业和项目细节的报关单customs declaration with commercial and item detail无项目细节的报关单customs declaration without item detail有关单证related document．海关收据receipt (Customs)调汇申请application for exchange allocation调汇许可foreign exchange permit进口外汇管理申报exchange control declaration (import)进口货物报关单goods declaration for implortation内销货物报关单goods declaration for home use海关即刻放行报关单customs immediate release declaration海关放行通知customs delivery note到港货物报关单cargo declaration (arrival)货物价值申报清单value declaration海关发票customs invoice邮包报关单customs deciaration (post parcels)增值税申报单tax declaration (value added tax)普通税申报单tax declaration (general)催税单tax demand禁运货物许可证embargo permit海关转运货物报关单goods declaration for customs transitTIF国际铁路运输报关单TIF formTIR国际公路运输报关单TIR carnet欧共体海关转运报关单EC carnetEUR1欧共体原产地证书EUR 1 certificate of origin暂准进口海关文件ATA carnt欧共体统一单证single administrative document．海关一般回复general response (Customs)海关公文回复document．nbspresponse (Customs)海关误差回复error response (Customs)海关一揽子回复packae response (Customs)海关计税／确认回复tax calculation ／confirmation response (Customs)配额预分配证书quota prior allocation certificate最终使用授权书end use authorization政府合同government contract进口统计报表statistical document．import跟单信用证开证申请书application for document．ry credit先前海关文件／报文previous Customs document．messageMC SM一般贸易ordinary trade易货贸易barter trade 国家之间不通过货币媒介直接交换货物补偿贸易compensation trade 利用外资进口国外技术或设备,用产品偿还协定贸易agreement trade 根据各国政府间签订的贸易协定和清算协定进行的贸易进料加工processing with imported materials 进口原材料、零部件，加工成品后再出口来料加工processing with customer's materials 由国外厂商提供原材料、零部件，由国内厂商按外商要求加工装配，成品交外商销售，加工方收工缴费出料加工outward processing 由国内厂商提供原材料、零部件，国外厂商按要求加工装配，成品返销，加工方收取工缴费寄售贸易consignment trade 寄售人氢货物运到国外,委托代销人销售国际租赁international lease 根据国际租赁契约，出租人将设备租凭给他国承租人使用边境贸易frontier trade 边境城镇与接壤国家边境城镇之间及边民互市贸易转口贸易entrepot trade 经过转口国进行的进出口贸易许可贸易license trade 商标、专利技术、专有技术以许可协议形式进行的贸易期货贸易forward trade 通过国际期货市场进行远期商品买卖承包工程contract project 承包国外工程技术项目或劳务项目的进出口设备和货物国际招标international bid 通过国际招标形式进行的一种进出口贸易国际展览international exhibition 通过国际展览会和国际博览会等形式进出口货物际拍卖international exhibition 通过国际拍卖进行的一种贸易国际货款进口international loan 国际金融机构或外国政府提供贷款项目的进口归还贷款出口reimburse loan 国家批准的国际贷款项目通过出口产品来归还贷款外商投资企业进口imports by foreign-invested enter-prises 根据国家有关规定,外商投资企业进口货物外商投资企业出口exports by foreign-invested enter-prises 根据国家有关规定,外商投资企业出口货物国际援助international aid 国际组织或外国政府提供无偿援助的进出口货物捐赠donation 台港澳同胞、华侨、民间团体和个人捐赠给我国的物资赠送present 外国组织或个人赠送给我国组织或个人的物资其它贸易other trade 国际贸易中使用的上述贸易方式之外的贸易方式。
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国贸英汉互译国际贸易 International Trade对外贸易 Foreign Trade国内贸易 Domestic Trade海外贸易 Oversee Trade世界贸易 World Trade有形贸易 (Visible Trade)商品贸易 (Commodity Trade)无形贸易(Invisible Trade)国际服务贸易 (International Service Trade)国际技术贸易(International Technology Trade)出口贸易(Export Trade)进口贸易(Import Trade)过境贸易(Transit Trade)复出口(Re—export Trade)复进口(Re—import Trade)可兑换(Convertible)易货贸易(Barter)双边贸易(Bilateral Trade)多边贸易(Multilateral Trade)直接贸易(Direct Trade)间接贸易(Indirect Trade)转口贸易(Entrepot Trade)统计边界(Statistical boundary)海关管理区(Customs territory)关境(Customs frontier)自由贸易区(Free zone, Free trade zone)保税仓库(Bounded warehouse)保税工厂(Bounded factory)出口加工区(Export processing zone)总贸易(General Trade System)专门贸易(Special Trade System)国际收支平衡(balance of International Payments )贸易差额(Balance of Trade)贸易顺差（出超）(trade surplus/favourable trade balance ) 贸易逆差（入超）(trade deficit /unfavourable trade balance ) 净出口(Net export)净进口(Net import)进(出)口商品价格指数（Price index）贸易条件(Terms of Trade)对外贸易依存度(degree of dependence upon world trade)国际贸易商品结构(Composition of International Trade)《联合国国际贸易标准分类》(SITC)（Standard International Trade Classification)国际贸易地理方向(Direction of International Trade)进口替代(Import Substitution)出口导向(Export Leading)国际分工 (International Division of Labour)绝对成本理论（Theory of Absolute Advantage)绝对优势(Absolute Advantage)比较成本理论(Theory of Comparative Advantage)要素禀赋理论（ Heckscher - Ohlin Theory ）要素禀赋(Factor Endowment)要素充裕度(Factor Abundance)要素密度(Factor Intensity)里昂惕夫之谜（Leontief Paradox）劳动熟练说 (Skilled Labor Theory)人力资本说 (Human Capital)产品生命周期理论（Product Life Cycle Theory）需求偏好相似论（Theory of overlapping demands）产业内贸易理论Intra-industry Trade国家竞争优势理论The Competitive Advantage of Nations世界市场World market商品交易所（Commodity Exchanges）国际拍卖中心（International auction center）包销(Exclusive Sales)代理(Agency)寄售(Consignment)拍卖(Auction)招标与投标(Invitation to Tender，Submission of Tender)商品期货交易(Futures)补偿贸易(Compensation Trade)加工贸易(Processing Trade)租赁(Leasing)贸易专业化系数 (Trade Specialization Coefficient)显性比较优势指数 (Revealed Comparative Advantage Index)商品的国际价值（International Value）商品国际价格（International Price）国际贸易政策International Trade Policy自由贸易政策 ( free trade policy )保护贸易政策 (protective trade policy)重商主义（Mercantilism）幼稚工业 (infant industry)财政关税 (Revenue Tariff )保护关税 (Protective Customs Duties)、进口税 (Import Duties)出口税 (Export Duties)过境税(Transit Duties)进口附加税 (Import Surtax)反倾销税 (Anti-dumping Duty)反贴补税 (Counter-vailing Duty)滑准税（Sliding Duties）特惠关税(Preferential Duties)洛美协定（Lome Convention ）普遍优惠制度（GSP）(Generalized System of Preference，GSP) 原产地规则 (Rule of Origin)免责条款 (Escape Clause)预定限额 (Prior Limitation)竞争需要标准(Competitive Need Criterion，美国)海关税则 (Customs Tariff )自主税则（Autonomous Tariff)协定税则（Conventional Tariff)《商品名称和编码协调制度》(Harmonized System, HS)货物分类目录 ( Description of Goods )税则号序列 (Tariff No.)税率 (Rate of Duty)单式税则 (Single Tariff)复式税则 (Complex Tariff)从量税 (Specific Duties)从价税 (Ad Valorem Duties)混合税 (Mixed or Compound Duties)选择税 (Alternative Duties)完税价格 (Duty Paid Value)混合税（Mixed or compound Duty）选择税（Alternative Duty）报关 Customs Entry /Customs Clearance通关申报（customs declaration）验关（查验）（customs inspection）通关放行(release)关税水平(Tariff Level)有效保护率(Effective Rate of Protection)附加值(Value Added非关税措施(non-tariff barrier—NTBs)进口配额制 ( Import Quota System)绝对配额(Absolute Quotas)全球配额 (Global Quotas)国别配额 (Country Quotas)协议配额 (Agreement Quotas)关税配额 (Tariff Quotas)自动出口限制 (Voluntary Export Restraint )自限协定(Self-restriction Agreement)进口许可证制 (Import Licence System)特种许可证(Special Licence，SL)公开一般进口许可证(Open General Licence，OGL)外汇管制 (Foreign Exchange Control)对外贸易的国家垄断(State Monopoly)最低限价 (Minimum Price)进口押金制 (Advanced Deposit)国内税收 (Internal Taxes)国家垄断(state monopoly)国营贸易(state trade)歧视性的政府采购政策 (Discriminatory Government Procurement Policy) 海关估价(Customs Valuation)进口押金制 (Advanced Deposit)技术性贸易壁垒 (Technical Barriers to Trade，TBT)劳工标准（SA8000）出口补贴(Export Subsidies)出口退税（Export Rebates）出口信贷Export Credit出口信贷国家担保制(Export Credit Guarantee system)外汇倾销(Exchange Dumping)卖方信贷 (Supplier‘s Credit)买方信贷 (Buyer's Credit)自由贸易区(Free Trade Zone)保税区(Bonded Area)出口加工区(Export Processing Zone)出口管制（Export Control）贸易制裁（Trade Sanctions）巴黎统筹委员会（COCOM）(Coordinating Committee for Export Control)国际服务贸易(International Service Trade)联合国贸易与发展会议(UNCTAD)《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)过境交付（cross-border supply)境外消费(consumption abroad)商业存在(commercial presence)自然人流动(movement of personnel)居民与非居民之间的服务贸易（ Balance of Payments 简称BOP ）通过本国境内的外国附属机构所提供的服务贸易（Foreign Affiliates Trade 简称FATS）专利(Patent)商标(Trade Mark)专有技术(Know—how)许可证贸易(Licensing)知识产权（Intellectual Property）世界知识产权组织公约—WIPO世界贸易组织—WTO└与贸易有关的知识产权协议---TRIPS贸易条约和协定(Commercial Treaties and Agreements)最惠国待遇条款（MFNT）most-favoured-nation treatment clause国民待遇条款（National Treatment clause）通商航海条约(Treaty of Commerce and Navigation)贸易协定 (Trade Agreement)贸易议定书 (Trade Protocol)支付协定 (Payment Agreement)国际商品协定(international commodity agreement)缓冲存货(buffer stocks)出口限额(export control)多边合同(multilateral contracts)石油输出国组织 (OPEC)铜出口国政府联合委员会 (ICCEC)铁矿砂出口国协会 (AIOEC)国际铝土协会（IAI）钨生产者协会 (TPA)天然橡胶生产国协会 (ANRPC)区域经济一体化（Regional Economic Integration）优惠贸易安排（Preferential Trade Arrangements ，PTA）自由贸易区 (Free Trade Area)关税同盟 (Customs Union)共同市场 (Common Market)经济联盟 (Economic Union)完全经济一体化 (Complete Economic Integration)政治联盟 (Political Union)欧洲联盟（European Union--EU）欧元（EUR）北美自由贸易协定( NAFTA )南方共同市场（MERCOSUR）亚太经济合作组织（Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation，简称APEC）东南亚国家联盟Association of Southeast Asian Nations跨太平洋伙伴关系协议ＴＰＰ跨大西洋贸易与投资伙伴关系协定 TTIP服务贸易协定（TISA）（2011，GATS落后）贸易创造效应(Trade Creation Effect)贸易转移效应(Trade Diversion Effect)贸易扩大效应(Trade Expansion Effect)社会福利效应(Social Welfare Effect)贸易条件效应 (Effect on Terms of Trade)国际资本移动（international capital flow）国际直接投资(International Direct Investment)国际间接投资(International Indirect Investment)对外直接投资（Foreign Direct Investment，简称 FDI）独资企业(individual proprietorship)合资企业(joint venture）合作经营(joint cooperation)跨国公司（Transnational Corporation）国际生产折衷理论 (The Eclectic Theory of International Production) 所有权特定优势（Ownership Advantage）内部化优势（Internalization Advantage）区位优势（Location Advantage）世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization，WTO)贸易自由化( Trade Liberalization )市场准入原则（Market Access）互惠原则（Reciprocity）非歧视原则( Trade Without Discrimination )关贸总协定(GATT)关税减让(Schedule of Tariff Concessions)出口价格（Export Price）正常价值（Normal Value）同类产品（Like Product）国内产业（Domestic Industry）实质损害（Material Injury）因果关系（Causation ）禁止性补贴（prohibited subsidies）可诉补贴（actionable subsidies）不可诉补贴（non- actionable subsidies ）农产品协议( Agreement on Agriculture )纺织品和服装协议(Agreement on Textiles & Clothing)贸易政策评审机制(Trade Policy Review Mechanism)争端解决机制(Dispute Settlement Understanding)。