小学英语6年级英语语法专题突破 主谓一致基础知识与练习(学生版)
6 主谓一致基础知识与练习
课首沟通
了解学生的学习情况
知识导图
课首小测
1.
One of the ___________ (run) is from Class 2.
【学有所获】
一般情况下，动词变为名词直接在动词后面遇到以e 结尾的动词，______________________；如果
动词的最后三个字母为“辅元辅”结构并且是重读闭音节时，________________________________；有个别几个事在动词后加__________。
2.
Thursday is the f ___________ day of the week in the UK
3.
___________ (not eat) in the library, Tony.
4.
She ___________ (be) short in 2002,but now she ___________ (look) taller.
5.
___________ Helen like ___________ (swim) every day?
6. [单选题]
Is there ___________ in the book? A. special something B. something special C. special anything D. anything special
【学有所获】
当形容词与不定代词如_________________________________________等连用时，_____________要
放在______________ 的后面。
7. [单选题]
There are three ___________ teachers in the office. A. women B. woman C. man D. ladies
8. [单选题]
As we know, Japan is ___________ the east of China. A. on B. to C. in D. at
9. [单选题]
In order to keep healthy, we keep on ___________ every day. A. running B. to run C. run D. runs
10. [单选题]
The Thames is the ___________ river in London.
A. famous
B. most famous
C. more famous
D. famousest
导学一：主谓一致
知识点讲解1：主谓一致的概念
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。
知识点讲解2：语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
例句1：
His father is working on the farm.
The children were in the classroom two hours ago.
总结一：以单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用__________数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用__________数形式。
例句2：
Lucy and Lily are twins.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
总结二：由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用__________数形式的谓语动词。
例句3：
Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is beautiful.
总结三：either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作_________数看待。
例句4：
Mr. Green with his wife and children has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
总结四：主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，but，except，like等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用_________数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用_________数形式
例句5：
My family are happy.我的家人很开心。
My family is a big one.我的家庭是个大家庭。
总结五：如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用_________数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用
_________数形式。这些词有family， class， population等。
例句6：
The number of the classrooms is 100.
A number of students are playing outside.
总结六：a number of (中文：__________ )，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用_________数；the number of (中文：
__________ )，主语是number，谓语用__________数。
我爱展示
1.
Both Li Lei and Meimei ___________ (be) very friendly.
2.
He with his parents ___________ (visit) Beijing every year.
3.
The number of cars ___________ (be) increasing.
4.
There ___________ (be) a number of people here yesterday.
5.
Everyone ___________ (like) take exercise.
知识点讲解3：意义一致原则
概念：谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。
例句1：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
总结一：表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用__________数形式。
例句2：Twelve plus eight is twenty.
总结二：算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用___________数形式。
例句3：My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes is under the bed.
总结三：trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，等词作主语时，谓语用__________数，但如果这些名词前有a （the）pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用__________数。
例句4：The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad..
总结四：“定冠词__________ + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用__________数。
我爱展示
1.
Twenty dollars ___________ (be) too expensive for the book.
2.
The socks ___________ (be) too big. That pair of the socks ___________ (be) comfortable.
3.
Two months ___________ (be) a long holiday.
知识点讲解4：就近一致原则
概念：谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
例句1：
Either the teacher or the students ____________ (be) our friends.
Neither they nor he ____________ (go) to school on foot.
总结一：当两个主语由either …… or， neither …… nor， not …… but ……， not only …… but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
例句2：
There ____________ (be) an apple , two bananas and some grapes on the table.
There ____________ (be) two cats and a dog in the living room just now.
总结二：there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
我爱展示
1.
Not only the teacher but also his students ___________ (like) playing football.
2.
There ___________ (be) a pen and some book on the desk.
3.
Either you or he ___________ (be) going to Shanghai tomorrow.
导学二：技能训练
知识点讲解1：阅读理解训练之推理判断题
推理判断题是每年小升初的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型，属于深层理解题。它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义，即英语中所说的“read between the lines”。因此，学生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。
一：推理判断题常见提问方式
(1) The writer/author/passage implies/suggests (暗示)that __________.
(2) It can be inferred（推断）from the passage that __________.
(3) Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?
(4) What does the author conclude about?
(5) The passage is intended to __________.
(6) The first paragraph of this passage is to __________.
(7)How does the author seem to feel about this issue?
(8) From the passage, we can learn/conclude that __________.
(9) Which of the following might happen later?
(10) The passage may be a/an __________.
(11) Which of the following is TRUE/ NOT true?
二：选项特点分析
命题人在设置选项时，会遵循一定的特点和规律，因此学生了解了推理判断题选项的特点，对提高选项的正确率会有很大帮助。
1)正确选项的特点
（1）正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；
（2）正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如
often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；
（3）正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。
2)干扰选项的特点
（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；
（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；
（3）根据常识判断是正确的，然而不是在文章事实或上下文逻辑基础上推理而得出的观点；
（4）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头、概括过度；
（5）有部分选项的内容纯属编造。
三：推理判断题的解题方法
做推理判断题要注意两点:一是推理，二是判断，而且两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求学生根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。
(1) 抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
(2) 利用作者的思想感情进行推断
作者在写作时，自然而然会渗透自己的喜怒哀乐。通过一些表达感情色彩或思想倾向的措辞，领会作者的思想感情，一些考查观点态度的题目就迎刃而解了。
(3) 根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论
不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。
(4) 结合常识进行推断
有些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。
以上分别从四个方面讲解了如何对文章隐含信息进行推理判断，但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明，需要同时从不同角度对文章的信息进行综合分析、推理和判断。例如方法三中的例子，需要综合考虑上下文逻辑关系以及文章的感情色彩，才能做出正确的判断。因此，在阅读的过程中，需要考生在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用这些方法。
我爱展示
1.
阅读理解，选出正确的选项。
Mr. Read works in a hospital. He is a good doctor, but he often forgets things. People know him and don't mind it. One morning he did an operation（手术）on an old woman, it took him three hours to finish it. He looked at his watch and found it was twelve thirty. He felt hungry and wanted to have lunch.
When he got to the lift, he remembered he didn't wash his hands. He went back to his office and put his coat on his chair. Then he washed his hands and left. However, in the restaurant, he found he forget his coat. All his money was in one
of the pockets. He got up and went back to the hospital. He ran to the lift but it was going to close. He put his head into it, and the door opened. A man in the lift said, “Oh, dear sir! Why didn't you hold the doors open with your han ds? It's too dangerous to do so with your head.”
“I think my hands are more important than my head. I have to do operations not with my head, but with my hand.”（1）People know Mr. Read ___________ but they don't mind it.
A. is a doctor
B. often forget things
C. works in the hospital
D. often does operations
（2）The operation began at ___________ that morning.
A. eight thirty
B. nine
C. nine thirty
D. ten
（3）Mr. Read left the restaurant because ___________.
A. he had no money with him
B. he couldn't find his friends
C. he ate lunch there
D. it was closed
（4）Mr. Read put his head into the lift because ___________.
A. he wanted to know who was in it.
B. he wanted to get out of it
C. his head was much harder than his hands.
D. he was afraid the lift could hurt his hands
（5）From the passage we can know ___________.
A. Mr. Read is poor.
B. Mr. Read is brave.
C. Mr. Read loves his job and does it well.
D. Mr. Read is not clever at work.
我当小老师
1.知识回顾
1）重点词汇：
___________/___________/___________/___________/___________/___________/___________/ ___________/___________/___________/___________/___________/___________/___________/
重点短语：
______________________/______________________/______________________/______________________/ ______________________/______________________/______________________
重点句型：
____________________________________________/____________________________________________/ ____________________________________________/_________________________________________ ___/
____________________________________________/_________________________________________ ___/
2）本次课技能提升有
___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ______
限时考场模拟
1. [单选题]
This pair of glasses ___________ mine.
A. are
B. be
C. is
D. will is
2. [单选题]
Neither they nor Lucy ___________ a bike.
A. have
B. has
C. having
D. is having
3. [单选题]
The young ___________ the old in our city.
A. take good care of
B. is take good care of
C. takes good care of
D. are take good care of
4. [单选题]
Either Jane or her brothers ___________ at home yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
5. [单选题]
There ___________ a living room and two bedroom in his house.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
6. [单选题]
Maths ___________ my favourite subject.
A. be
小学英语基本知识点汇总
个性化教学辅导教案 学员姓名：任课教师：所授科目：英语
一般疑问句：Be 主语其它。 如：-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 非凡疑问句：疑问词一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如： I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如： He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) 主语动词原形其它。如： - Do you often play football - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如： - Does she go to work by bike - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 动词s的变化规则 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3．以“辅音字母y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies 用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today －It’s Saturday 三、现在进行时 1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing. 3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 5．现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为： 疑问词不达意be 主语动词ing 但疑问词当主语时其结构为： 疑问词不达意be 动词ing 动词加ing的变化规则
人教版PEP小学英语六年级知识要点及习题总复习讲义.doc
山林小学 人教版PEP山林小学英语六年级知识要点及 习题总复习讲义 名词复数规则 1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如： book-book s,bag-bag s,cat-cat s,bed-bed s 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es,如： bus-bus es,box-box es,peach-peach es, watch-watch es 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es,如： famil y-famil ies, strawberr y-strawberr ies 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，（但有一个特例：roof→roofs）。 如： kni fe-kni ves lea f-lea ves wife-wives thief-thieves wolf-wolves 5.以“o”结尾的单词，如果有生命，加-es；如果没有生命，加-s。如：①有生命：potato-potato es tomato-tomato es mango-mango es（芒果）hero-hero es（英雄） Negro- Negro es （黑人） ②没生命：radio-radio s piano-piano s photo-photo s zoo-zoo s 6.不规则名词的复数变化： （一）完全不规则： m a n-m e n woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-children f oo t-f ee t tooth-teeth goose-geese （二）单数复数同形： fish-fish sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese 小练习： 写出下列各词的复数 I _______ him ______ this ______ her ______ watch _______ child ______ photo ______ diary______day______foot_______ book______ dress _____tooth______ sheep ______box_____ strawberry ________ leaf ____ potato ______ peach______ bus ______ man______ woman______ paper_______ juice______ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________ 一般现在时态 一般现在时基本用法介绍 1.一般现在时的功能 1）.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。 2）.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3）.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 2.一般现在时的构成 1）.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2）.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。 (1)当主语为第一、第二人称或复数做主语时，谓动是原形。如： I like English.我喜欢英语。 We study English.我们学习英语。 （2）当主语为第三人称(he, she,it)或单数时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如： Mary like s Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
小学六年级英语语法毕业复习知识点【七大类】
小学六年级英语语法毕业复习知识点【七大类】 一、词类 动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分, 如不能一眼看出, 可用如下方法:先用“一( 量词)”( 如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说, 如说得通, 一般认为 是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断, 就是把“很”和为个词连起来说, 说得通一 般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。( 目前我们学过的, 以后可能不同)( 另外 一些很明显的, 如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道) 1、动词这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称, 其中包括行为动词( 就是我 们平时总说的那种动词)、 be动词、情态动词。 ( 1)行为动词就是我们平时上课时说的动词, 表示某一动作或行为。如:sw eep、 live等。 行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:原形、 +s/es、 +ed、 +ing, 具体判 断方法如下: ↗有, 就加ing读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词( 若是be going to 就用原形)↘没有, 再看情态动词↗有, 就用原形↗有, 就 加ed↘没有, 再看有无表示过去的时间状语↗是第三人称单数就加s或es ↘没有, 再看主语↘不是第三人称单数就用原形 ( 2)be动词a、 Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is 用在他她它, 所有复数全用are。 b、肯定和否定句 I am ( not) from London. He is( not) a teacher. She is( not) in the dining room. My hair is( not) long. Her eyes are ( not) small. c、一般疑问句Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, i t is. No, it isn’t. 我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、 am、 are为一类, 一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中, was和were为另一类, 一般用于一般过去时。 判断步骤: ↗第一、三人称单数, 就用was↗有, 再看人称↘第二人称单数 和所有复数, 就用were看有无表示过去的时间状语↗第一人称单数, 就用am↘ 没有, 再看人称→第三人称单数, 就有is↘第二人称单数和所有复数, 就用are ( 3)情态动词情态动词也是一类特殊的动词, 平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有: can、 must、 should、 would、 may。接触最多的是can。情态动词后动词总是 用原形。( 不受其他任何条件影响)
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人教部编版小学英语1到6年级十大基础语法知识总结
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六年级英语语法知识点汇总
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中考英语语法专题训练 名词(含答案)
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小学英语基础知识必备
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child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes 并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二部分：语法知识 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法: 定冠词的用法： 特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk. 复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new. 谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.
中考英语语法专项练习题
名词及主谓一致专项练习题： 1-What __the number of the students in your school? -About two thousand . A number of them___from Englan. A. is, are B. is ,is C. are ,is D. are , are 2,-How far is your cousin`s home from here? -It`s about two ____drive. A. hour`s B. hours C. hours` D. hour 3, This is my twin sister Lucy . Both she and I _____good at drawing. A. am B. is C. are D.be 4,We have no ___in the fridge. Let`s go and buy some peas, carrots and cabbages. A. vegetables B. eggs C. meat D. fruit 5. As there were not enough chairs in the park, they have to sit on the ___. A. ground B. earth C. land D. field 6.-Excuse me, how far is it from the school to your home? -Not far. It`s only a ____. A. ten–minute walk B. ten-minute`s walk C. ten-minute-walk 7.Both Jim and Kate ___in Beijing now. They both ____from America. A. is; come B. are; come C. is; comes D. are; comes 8.There are a lot of _____in our school. They work very hard. A. woman teachers B. women teachers C. womans teachers 9. My friend Dave helped me a lot by giving me ______on English learning. A. advices B. many advices C. some advice 10. Mr Green with his wife ___ sitting there when I came in. A. is B. was C. are 11.-Where is the manager from? -I don`t know, but from his _____ I think he is from the south . A. voice B. sound C. pronunciation D. accent 12.The music made me think of the _______of a running stream. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. Sound 冠词专项练习题： 1.Tim has tried twice , and his father asks him to have _____third try. A. the B. a C. another 2. I think it`s ____ useful advice, so I will always remember it. A. a B. an C. the D. / 3.On __sunny afternoon , my parents and I had a good time on the beach. A. the B. an C. a D. / 4.He is _____University student and he comes from ____island in England . A. an; an B. an; a C. a; an D. a a 代词专项练习题 1．--Who will send you to the new school, your mom or your dad? --______I`ll go there alone. A. Both B. Either C. Neither D . None 2. –Do you have anything important to say for yourself? --_______except sorry. A. Something B. Nothing C. Anything D. Everything 3. –When shall we go to the museum , this afternoon or tomorrow morning? --_____is OK. I`m free these days. A. Both B. All C. Either D.Neither 4. My son wants a pet rabbit for long, but I have no time to buy ____for him. A. a B. that C. the one D. one 5.Your watch is quite nice .Where did you buy ____? In Shanghai. Do you want to have ___like this? A. it one B. it it C. one it D. one one 6.In my class some students love music, ______are fond of drawing and ____enjoy reading. A. some; the other B. others; the other C. others the others D. some; others
小学英语基础知识点归纳
小学英语基础知识点归纳 小学开始接触英语，各位家长们都希望孩子能够学好，为未来打基础。小学也有许多该掌握的基础知识，并不仅仅是字母音标的学习。英语基础知识、语法知识、句法三部分内容大家都掌握了吗?下面的内容希望能让孩子学习更上一层楼! 第一部分：基础知识 1.字母：26个字母的大小写 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 2.语音：元音的发音 五个元音字母：AEIOU 12个单元音：前元音：[i:] [?] /e/ [?] 中元音：[?:] [?] 后元音：[ɑ:] [?] [?:] [u :] [?] [?] 双元音(8个) Ⅰ.合口双元音(5个)[ai] [ei] [au] [?u] [?i] Ⅱ.集中双元音(3个) [i?][ε?][u?] 3.词汇：词汇量，近反义词 4.句子：大小写，标点符号 第二部分：语法知识① 一.名词：名词单复数，名词的格 (一)名词单复数 1.一般情况，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 不可数名词的复数就是原型：paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea (二)名词的格 (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格： a) 单数后加’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt b) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加’如: his friends’bags c) 不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes l并列名词中，如果把’s加在最后一个名词后，表示共有, 如: Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车 l要表示所有物不是共有的，应分别在并列名词后加’s Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车 (2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系：如: a picture of the classroom a map of China 第二部分：语法知识② 二.冠词：不定冠词，定冠词种类： (1)不定冠词：a / an a unit / an uncle 元音开头的可数名词前用an : an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson / (2)定冠词：the the egg the plane 2. 用法: