政府对中小企业的融资政策及其有效性研究

政府对中小企业的融资政策及其有效性研究 ——以广东省中小企业为例

专业: 公共管理 硕士生: 陈俊涛 指导教师:周燕 副教授

摘 要 中小企业作为一个庞大的经济群体，是我国国民经济的重要组成部分。但是，目前我国中小企业发展仍遇到种种困难，融资难已经成为影响中小企业发展的突出问题，中小企业的融资瓶颈如果长期得不到解决，将会影响我国国民经济的持续健康发展。 本文从政府政策有效性角度来研究中小企业融资困难的问题。在当前的信贷市场中，由于银行与中小企业的信贷合作关系中存在“信息不对称”和“担保难”问题，最终导致银行对中小企业的有效融资资金供给不足，造成中小企业融资难的现状。因此，基于信贷市场的市场失灵，政府通过政策制定和实施介入到银企的信贷关系中，主要通过法律法规体系、组织管理体系、财税支持体系、融资担保体系、金融服务体系等五大政府政策体系的制定和实施来帮助中小企业完善融资体系，以缓解中小企业资金紧张融资难的问题。 然而，近年来我国政府政策频繁出台，但中小企业融资难的问题并没有明显改善，中小企业融资政策体系效果并不理想。因此，笔者通过广东地区中小企业融资的问卷调查数据，来统计分析政府各个政策体系的有效性，发现政府在融资担保体系的政策实施过程中，能显著有效缓解中小企业融资难的问题，而其他诸如法律法规政策体系等则没有明显效果。据此，本文可能的创新之处是基于政府中小企业融资政策有效性的角度出发，提出构建中小企业融资体系的总体框架，认为政府政策可通过构建和优化法律环境、融资环境和市场环境的政策措施体系，来逐步解决中小企业融资涉及的“信息不对称”和“担保难”的症结根源，进而有效解决融资难的问题。

关键字：中小企业融资、政府政策、有效性 Study on the Governmental Finance Policy for SMEs and Its Effectiveness ——Taking Guangdong Province for Example

Major: Public Administration Name: Chen Jun Tao Supervisor: Zhou Yan

ABSTRACT SMEs as a huge economic power, is an important part of our national economy. However, the development of China's SMEs are still experiencing difficulties, financing difficulties have become the prominent problems affecting the development of SMEs. if we cannot solve the problem for a long time , it will affect the development of national economy. From the point of view to study the effectiveness of government policies SMEs financing difficult problem. In the current credit market, due to the existence of SMEs, information asymmetry, lack of collateral security features, SMEs is difficult to obtain financing necessary. Therefore, based on the credit market failure, government formulate policy, such as the legal system, organization and management system, fiscal support system, financing guarantee system and the financial services system to help to improve the financing system of SMEs. However, in recent years, frequent introduction of government policies, but the problem of SMEs financing difficult problem is not improved significantly. After analyzing the data of SME financing in Guangdong region, found that the government policy of financing guarantee system can significantly relieve the problem of financing SMEs, while other systems, such as the legal system is not obvious effect. On this basis, this article is based on the perspective of government policy, in order to build the overall framework of SME financing system, government policies can build and optimize the legal system of environmental policy measures, financing environment and market environment to solve the financing problem.

Key Words：SME financing, Government policy, Effectiveness 目录 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................. I ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... III 目录 .............................................................................................................................. V 第一章 导论 ............................................................................................................... 1 第一节 研究的背景 ............................................................................................... 1 第二节 文献综述 ................................................................................................... 2 第三节 研究思路与研究方法 ................................................................................. 9 第四节 研究目的和研究目的 ............................................................................... 10 第二章 我国中小企业融资政策体系及融资现状分析 ........................................... 12 第一节 中小企业划分标准 ................................................................................. 12 第二节 中小企业融资政策体系现状 ................................................................. 14 第三节 中小企业的融资渠道 ............................................................................. 21 第四节 中小企业的融资现状 ............................................................................. 23 第五节 中小企业融资困难的原因 ..................................................................... 26 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 27 第三章 中小企业融资政策体系的有效性分析 ....................................................... 29 第一节 中小企业融资政策有效性的衡量标准 ................................................. 29 第二节 中小企业融资现状的问卷调查分析结果 ............................................. 31 第三节 中小企业融资政策体系的有效性分析 ................................................... 34 第四节 我国中小企业融资政策体系存在的问题 ............................................. 40 本章小结 ................................................................................................................ 48 第四章 完善我国中小企业融资政策体系的建议 ................................................... 49 第一节 我国中小企业融资政策体系的框架建构 ............................................... 49 第二节 完善我国中小企业融资政策体系的具体措施 ....................................... 50 结语 ............................................................................................................................. 57 参考文献 ..................................................................................................................... 58 附录 ............................................................................................................................. 60