unit5
Unit 5 First Aid 知识点归纳讲义-高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册
选必二Unit 5 First Aid 知识点归纳1Words and phrases:1.technique n.技能;技术;技艺;(具体的某种技术和技巧) [C]technology n.技术;工艺较广泛，尤指生产工艺;科学技术[U]technical adj.技术的; 工艺的technical supporttechnician n. 技师；技术人员first aid techniques 急救技能science and technology 科学技术2.leaflet n. 散页印刷品；传单；小册子brochure n. 资料（或广告）手册a leaflet on local places of interest 关于当地旅游胜地的一个小册子hand out/ give out leaflets 分发传单an n.(人或动植物的）器官organic adj.器官的；有机的organically adv. 有机地organism n. 生物，有机体organ donation 器官捐赠organic rejection/farming 器官排异/有机耕作4.ray n.光线; 光束; (热、电等的)射线a ray of sunshine一缕阳光A brave man will not be defeated as long as there is a ray of hope .5.sense n.感官；感觉；意义sense of sight/smell/hearing/touch/taste 视/嗅/听/触/味觉；a sense of responsibility/humour/security 责任/幽默/安全感The blind have a keen/sharp sense of hearing. 盲人有着敏锐的听觉。
make (no) sense (没)有意义、讲(不)得通make sense of 理解in a sense 从某种意义上说in no sense 绝不There is no sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义6.minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的vi.辅修n.辅修科目minor injuries 轻伤minor in 辅修...minority n.少数；少数民族a minority of 少量的；少数的be in a/the minority 占少数比较：major/majority7.electric adj.电的;用电的;电动的(用电操作的或者生电的) electric shock /an electric fan/carelectrical adj.电的; 电气的(与电有关的人或事物) an electrical engineer electronic adj.电子的an electronic watchelectricity n.电/电流8.victim n. 受害者；患者 a victimfall victim to sth 受某物的伤害She fell victim to his sweet lies. 她曾受过他的甜言蜜语的蛊惑。
Unit 5 First Aid 词汇讲解与拓展课件-高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册
单句语法填空
(1) In this box are some stem cells that are urgently（urgent）needed for a patient. (2)We should keep calm in face of urgency （urgent）. (3)If something is urgent （urge），it needs to be dealt with as soon as possible. (4) I received a letter from Moira，urging me to get （get） in touch.
单句填空 ① This kind of behavior can loosen (loose) your connection with your friends. ② The investigation had aimed at a loosely (loose) organized group of criminals. 完成句子·背诵 ③他有一颗牙齿松动了。 He has __a__ ___lo_o_s_e___ ____to_o_t_h____.
单句语法填空 (1) Only a minority （minor）of chefs are women in cafeterias.
(2) Women are in the minority in the top ranks of government. (3) Only a minority of locals was/were （be）not engaged in the rescue work yesterday. (4) The majority of members who participate in the activity are （be） against the plan. 完成句子 (5) Generally speaking，men English teachers are usually in a/the minority （占少数）at high schools.
Unit 5 Into the Wild 群文阅读+写作练习高中英语外研版必修第一册
Unit5Into the WildThe Monarch’s JourneyMany animals move from one place to another at certain times of the year.This annual movement is called migration.They migrate to find food,seek a partner,or in search of warmer weather.One of the most wonderful migrations in nature is that of the North American monarch butterfly.Every autumn,millions of these beautiful insects with fine black and orange wings begin a long and difficult journey.Somehow they manage to travel around4,000kilometres south and find their way to California or Mexico.However,until recently no one knew how they did this.A team of scientists led by Professor Eli Shlizerman at the University of Washington has now found the answer.They have found out that the monarch is able to tell the time of day.It uses its eyes to measure the position of the sun.These two pieces of information—the time of day and the point where the sun is in the sky—allow the butterfly to determine the way to go.Eventually, it manages to reach the places where it will spend the winter.The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.Its population has crashed by as much as90per cent in the last few years.Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling.In many of the places where the butterfly can be found,people are destroying the natural environment.They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.The research on the monarch’s behaviour has however led to a greater awareness of this creature.People have been working together to record its migration and make sure that there are enough plants for it to feed on.If this works,there may come a time when the number of monarch butterflies increases once again.The more we know about this lovely creature,the greater the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.An Encounter with NatureAs a nature photographer,I have to brave the elements.But despite the wind and the rain,I still enjoy working outside in the wild.One of the best things about this job is that you can observe animals in their natural environment.My favourite place to take photos is Yellowstone National Park.As the world’s first national park,Yellowstone is famous for the variety of its wildlife,but it is probably best known for its bears.These huge,strong animals can live for30years.Despite a weight of up to300kilograms, they can run at a speed of around64kilometres per hour and are also excellent swimmers.Last spring in Yellowstone,I followed a path that took me through a dark forest.When I finally stepped out of the trees,the view was breathtaking.An eagle flew over the snow-capped mountains,which were reflected in the still lake below.While I was concentrating on photographing this amazing scene,I suddenly had a feeling that I was being watched.Slowly,and with the camera still held to my eye,I turned...and froze.Only meters away from me was a bear. With water falling off its thick,brown hair,the bear stared back at me.Time stood still as the bear and I both waited to see who would move first.My legs started shaking.Somehow,I forced my finger to press the button.A second later,the bear turned and ran back into the forest.When I recovered from the shock,I looked at my camera.My most frightening but magical experience was now captured forever in a single image.From time to time I look at the photo as a reminder to show respect to all animals.It is after all we who are the visitors to their world.A DAY IN THE CLOUDSThe air is thin and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp.To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch.On the plain in front of us,we can just make out a herd of graceful animals.This is why we’re here—to observe Tibetan antelopes.Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet,Xinjiang,and Qinghai.Watching them move slowly across the green grass.I’m struck by their beauty.I’m also reminded of the danger they are in.They are being hunted,illegally,for their valuable fur.My guide is Zhaxi,a village from Changtang.He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve.The reserve is a shelter for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet.To Zhaxi,the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life.“We’re not trying to save the animals,”he says.“Actually,we’re trying to save ourselves.”The1980s and1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope.The population dropped by more than50percent.Hunters were shooting antelopes to make profits.Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built.In order to save this species from extinction,the Chinese government placed it under national protection.Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from attacks.Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains.The measures were effective.The antelope population has recovered and in June2015,the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.The government,however,does not intend to stop the protection programmes,since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.In the evening,I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars.I think about the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me.Much is being done to protect wildlife,but if we really want to save the planet,we must change our way of life.Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.Give Ugly a Chance!When it comes to wildlife protection,all species—the good,the bad,and the ugly—should be treated equally.Pandas,dolphins,and other cute wildlife are important,but we must pay attention to less cute animals,too.The world needs all kinds—without variety,our planet cannot survive. So if you want the future to be beautiful,you have to give ugly a chance.写作假设你是李华，你校国际部所有交换生将开展主题为“野生动物保护”的交流会，你将作为学生代表发言，请写一篇发言稿，内容包括：1.保护野生动物的重要性；2.保护措施；3.其他。
Unit 5 Understanding ideas 知识点课件-高中英语外研版必修第一册
w词id,th后/w+i量de的, b结ut果th，e t不en用-ye被ar动-o语ld态bo和y 进ca行n s时wi态m。ac如ro果ss此it
(w3意i)thw义ien的ltiwv词eoi/mn短ain语sumt做eas后l.l r置oo定m语, m（e非as谓ur语ing）(,m要ea用su现re在) a分bout 5
8① The solution to the mystery of the monarch's
amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble. ② Sadly, human activity is the main reason why the number of monarch butterflies is falling. ③ In many of the places where the butterfly can be found, people are destroying the natural environment. ④ They cut down trees and use chemicals that kill the plants that monarch caterpillars eat.
句意：无论怎样，它们总是能够完成约4000公里 的南行旅程，成功到达加利福尼亚州或墨西哥。
1. manage: v. 设法做到 管理，经营; 安排(时间、金钱等);
manage to do sth.设法做某事
management n. 管理 manager n. 经理
例: 我无法知道他是如何找到我们的。 How he _m__a_n_a_g_e_d__t_o__f_in_d__ us is beyond us.
Unit 5 Listening and Speaking示范教案
Unit 5 The Value of MoneyListening and Speaking教材分析开篇页主题图展现的是电影《百万英镑》中发生在酒店的一幕。
在这幅剧照中，主人公亨利高高举起百万英镑大钞给债主们看，剧照的背景就是这张在故事发展中起重要作用的巨额钞票。
开篇页的名言警句为英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根的语句“Money is a good servant and a bad master.”名言所揭示的金钱作用的双重性与本单元的“金钱的价值”主题相呼应，本单元的主题意义由此引出：探讨对金钱的正确态度，培养树立健康的金钱观。
听说板块的主题为“讨论拾金不昧的善举”（Discuss the good deed of returning lost money）。
该板块通过一则“清洁工拾金不昧”的新闻报道开启本单元关于金钱价值的主题讨论，为后面探究《百万英镑》戏剧的主题意义做铺垫。
同时，新闻体裁的引入也体现了语言学习的实用性，旨在帮助学生熟悉新闻报道的文体特点，培养听英语新闻的技能。
发音板块提供了《百万英镑》的几个剧本音频片段用作语音练习素材，旨在引导学生关注语调和语流节奏。
一方面，学生可通过模仿学习掌握正确的语音语调，体会句子的重读、弱读和节奏；另一方面，学生可模仿学习剧中角色如何运用语流节奏来表达情感，增加语言感染力。
教学目标1. 能正确理解和使用下列单词/词块：basis, on the basis of, loan, take out a loan, plastic, apologise, ignore, in return, judge。
2. 能通过听说模仿掌握正确的语音语调，体会句子的重读、弱读和节奏。
3. 能通过阅读开篇页信息，熟悉单元主题语境，预测单元内容，明确学习内容。
4. 能通过听新闻报道获取具体信息，梳理事件的来龙去脉。
5. 能通过运用听力材料中所提取的语言信息，谈论“金钱的价值”这一主题。
Unit 5 Discover useful structures 动词-ing形式课件
(2)作原因状语。 Not knowing her address，I had better telephone her to come over. ＝As I don’t know her address，I had better telephone her to come over.由于不 知道她的地址，我还是打电话让她过来为好。 (3)作条件状语。 Working hard，you’ll surely succeed. ＝If you work hard，you’ll surely succeed. 如果努力工作，你就一定会成功。
He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 (5)作让步状语。 Having been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart. ＝Although he had been told many times，he still didn’t learn these rules by heart. 尽管被告知了很多次，他还是没把这些规定记住。
注：修饰 的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.
Eg. With a disappointed look on his face, he looked very sad.
Unit 5 unit5
v-ing做宾补
1. 用在感官动词后
see sb. doing sth. watch sb. doing sth. notice sb. doing sth. find sb. doing sth. hear sb. doing sth. I heard someone knocking at the door.
Unit 5.Force of nature. ppt
Louis Pasteur Some of his works are: separation of mirror image molecules and effect of polarized light identification of the parasite that was killing silkworms James Maxwell He is known for the "Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism" published in 1873. Maxwell independently developed the "Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases". Edwin Hubble "Hubble's Law" stated that galaxies move away from each other at a speed determined by the distance that separated them. He classified galaxies as per their distance, shape, brightness patterns and content. Paul Dirac He received a Nobel prize in 1933 for the work on antiparticles. The "Dirac equation" was a version of the Schrodinger's equation.
Barbara Goldsmith is a noted author, historian. Her best-selling books include The Straw Man, Little Gloria…Happy at Last, Johnson v. Johnson, and Other Powers: The Age of Suffrage, Spiritualism, and the Scandalous Victoria Woodhull (soon to be a major motion picture produced by Kathleen Kennedy for Universal Studios) and Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie. Barbara Goldsmith has long been at the forefront of the effort to preserve our written heritage. She is the donor of the Goldsmith Conservation and Preservation Laboratories at the New Yse Divisions were recently named in her honor.
人教版(2019)高中英语必修第一册Unit 5 Languages Around the World 课件
Revision of words
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words and phrases. 5) He spent most of his professional life outside his _n_a_t_iv_e__ Poland. 6) Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of human _c_iv_i_li_s_a_ti_o_n_. 7) Light industry _is_ closely _r_e_la_t_e_d_t_o_ agriculture. 8) From a medical _p_o__in_t_o_f_v_i_e_w__, there was no need for the operation.
Practice
Read the second part of the passage and combine the words in the two boxes to complete the restrictive clauses.
building class day way someone when in which where who that
Practice
Read the first part of a passage and find suitable words for the blanks.
attitude despite
classic native
point of view related to
civilisation struggle
Revision of structures
新视野英语听力原文及答案(unit 5)
UNIT 5 Choose to be alone on purpose UNDERSTANDING SHORT CONVERSATIONS1. M: Do you mean you once lived alone in that hotel?W: Yeah.M: What was your life like before you were introduced to this center for the old?W: Oh, it was a nightmare. I wasn't sick, but I was acting sick. Every day was the same -- I would just lie on my bed and maybe cook up some soup.Q: What does the woman mean?2. W: Mr. Jones has been living all by himself for four years since his wife died.M: Yes. And he is 71 already.W: You know, he used to be very talkative. I wonder how he can endure the solitude.M: Well, I hear he goes to "The Brighter Side" -- Rockford's Day Care Center for the elderly -- and meets other elderly people there.Q" What is the conversation about?3. W: You always seem to be busy. How did you find time to write that book and make it a best-seller?M: Well, I worked on it for a stretch of 14 days during the last Christmas holidays.W" Didn't you stay with your family?M: My parents and my brother were traveling in Thailand at that time. So I had more time for the book.Q: What does the man mean?4. W: Traveling is a real delight. But I wonder why you prefer traveling alone.M: It can make you understand what absolute freedom means -- without the company of friends or family.W: Mm... I see your point. I may have a try someday.Q: What does the woman think of the man's idea?5. M: I'm going to take a trip by myself next week.W: But what about your wife Jenny?M: She'll go with her friends -- Mary and Helen perhaps. We read an article the other day, you know, and decided to try out the idea ourselves.W: What's it about?M: In fact, what impressed us most in the article were the words printed on a rock at Taiwan's most famous resort Sun Moon Lake. One tourist wrote, "Came with my wife, had a lovely time." And beside it someone wrote later, "Came without my wife, had a far better time."Q: What can be learned from the conversation?6. M: I can hardly imagine myself living alone all my life.W: It's not easy. You might be faced with difficulties concerning food or accommodation. And some people's hostile criticisms can be very embarrassing.M: What's more, you might feel lonely and frustrated when you are advanced in years.Q: Which of the following is not a problem of living alone according to the conversation?7. W: It seems that loneliness has become a national disease in the United States, don't you think?M: Yes, that's true. When you're alone, you sometimes want to lose the feeling of separateness and belong to something larger and more powerful than the weak, lonely self.W: So the sense of moral isolation is unbearable.Q: What is the conversation about?W: You've been in New York for two months. What about your new life there?M: Not bad. I like the job, only I feel lonely sometimes.W" That's nothing new. Loneliness is common among people living in cities, and it even affects children. I can still remember the words of a 12-year-old girl.She said, "...for a long time, I have just been an "I" person. All people belong to a "We" except me. Not belonging to a "We" makes you too lonely.M: Well, there must be something unnatural about it.Q: What's the man's problem living in New York?9. M: So many people choose to live alone nowadays. What do you think of that?W: Well, some of them love such kind of lifestyle while some others don" t.M: It can't be easy anyway. You must be prepared to face difficulties all by yourself.W: Yeah. But if you are alone and enjoying life all the while, you have mastered an art of a high degree.Q: What does the woman mean?10. W: Do you often watch foreign movies?M: Yes, quite often, especially Hollywood movies. I admire those American heroes in them.W: What are the characteristics of an American hero in your opinion?M: Urn... he chooses to be alone. He may explore wild areas, fight against crimes or other things without the company of others. That's only one characteristic among many, but that's the very thing that strikes me most.Q: What characteristic of an American hero impresses the man most deeply? 11. M: It suddenly occurred to me yesterday why there aren't many art schools in the United States.W: Why is that, do you think?M: You see, the Europeans are generally secure in their family ties and rigid class faithfulness, so the European artists tend to form groups. But the Americans usually seek out things as individuals alone. That's to say, American artists are often independent-minded.Q: Why aren't there many schools of art in America according to the man? 12. W: My friends are all busy now, so I have to spend the whole morning alone.M: But you can still find pleasure in solitude.W: Do you mean you can enjoy yourself without company?M: That's right. For me, a solitary life means much more than loneliness. When I am alone, I can do whatever I like, and feel whatever I feel. That's a greatluxury!Q: What does the man think of solitude?13. M: Why don't you want to go to the party with Peter?W: We don't have the same tastes. I'd rather be alone than go with him.Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: I'm going to the library. Will you go with me?M: No, I'd like to study alone. Thank you.W: I do need some solitary hours when I'm writing. But when it comes to the review of the term's work, I prefer discussions with others.Q: What will the woman do when she wants to review the lessons?15. W: Why are you so happy?M: I have made a great find.W: Oh, yes? What's that?M: Well, The other day I found myself unexpectedly alone in Beijing for about three or four hours between the appointments. So I went to Wangfujing and spent the "empty" time looking at things by myself. Just think of it! I discovered I could enjoy myself being alone.Q: What did the man find a few days ago?16. M: What on earth do you think is the pleasure of a solitary life?W: For one thing you can do whatever you like without interference, and for another, you needn't be afraid of hurting others or offending people, when you don't have the same taste, character or mood as other people.Q: What is the conversation about?17. W: Why, you look so sleepy!M: I stayed up until midnight last night.W: Why is that?M: My parents were out and so I finished a novel I had been longing to read at one sitting.Q: Why did the man stay up late?18. M: Is that Mr. Kennan over there?W: Yes. He's quite a solitary type of person really. You know, he spends most of his time at home, reading, listening to the radio, things like that.M: I see him at the pub occasionally.W: That's also possible. But you would never see him at weekends. He's always off somewhere in the country -- of course always on his own.Q: What can be learned about Mr. Kennan?19. W: What if you were left alone on a deserted island for years?M: Like Robinson Crusoe?W: Yeah.M: Umm... I guess I could get by if there were rich natural resources. But I'm not sure whether I would still be able to speak after so many years of a solitary life.Q: What is the conversation about?20. W: You're growing a beard, aren't you?M: Yeah. I'm a free man now.W: Why?M: My wife has been away on a business trip. I'm my own boss for the time being.Q: What does the man mean?Key: 1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (C)6. (B)7. (C)8. (C)9. (D) 10. (B)11. (D) 12. (B) 13. (A) 14. (D) 15. (C)16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (D)Understanding Long ConversationReporter: I was surprised to find the other day that a lot of children have the experience of being home alone, such as during the vacations. The children enjoy themselves without the control of their parents, but there are also some hidden dangers for them in this society filled with violence. That's why many parents are worried when they have to leave their children alone in the house. Professor Elkind, do you think this has become a serious social problem?Professor Elkind: Yes. As we know, this used to be a problem of poor children, but now more and more middle-class kids are left at home alone, too, and the suburbs have some of the same social ills as cities.Reporter: So it's more common now.Professor Elkind: That's right.Reporter: I wonder if all the children enjoy staying at home alone?Professor Elkind: Not all of them. The data show that it's a frightening experience for 8- or 9-year-olds to be at home alone even though it's sometimes necessary. Reporter: I'm sure you must have some good advice for the anxious parents. Professor Elkind: Yeah, quite a lot. First, be sure the child knows how to lock and unlock the doors and what to do if a stranger calls or knocks on the door. All children should be conscious of strangers and be wary of them. Second, we can teach communication. Give them phone numbers of people to call if there's any problem, and give them strategies to cope, rather than just saying, "This is good practice for you." Some parents throw up their hands, thinking that because they can't do everything to protect their children completely, they can't do anything, but that's not true.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the conversation you have just heard:I. What is the main topic of this conversation?2. Which of the following was a problem in the past?3. Who is afraid of staying at home alone according to the conversation?4. Whom are the suggestions addressed to?5. What idea that some parents have is wrong about the protection of their children? Key: 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (D)UNDERSTANDING PASSAGESPassage 1A solitary diner slips into a midtown Manhattan restaurant, trying not to be noticed. No sooner does he check his coat than the voice of the headwaiter comes booming across the restaurant."Alone again, eh? "As all eyes are raised, the waiter, with enormous good cheer, adds: "That's because they won't accept him."And then, just in case there is a customer in the restaurant who isn't yet aware of his situation, a waiter shouts out from the counter: "Well, we'll take care of him anyway, won't we fellows!" And there are a lot of glances and whispers.Eating alone in a restaurant is one of the most frightening experiences in America.Obviously, the solitary diner is looked down upon by waiters, and made fun of by couples. He is the unwanted and unloved child of the restaurant. As soon as he appears, he is led out of sight and seated at a thin table with barely enough room on it for a cold dish. The solitary diner is squeezed between two thin tables, often a hair's breadth from the men's room. There he sits with his feet lodged in a railing and wondering where he went wrong in life.Most solitary guys are afraid to face this embarrassing situation. Therefore, they would prefer to take small bites at a sandwich in their relatively safe apartments.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the passage you have just heard:1. How does the solitary diner usually enter a restaurant?2. How is the solitary diner often treated by waiters according to the speaker?3. How would people feel if they eat alone in an American restaurant?4. Which of the following is not mentioned as a solitary guy's experience in the restaurant?5. What would most solitary guys do to avoid the frightening experience in the restaurant?Passage 2In less than 20 years, from 1975 to 1993, the number of Americans over 65 who live with their adult children declined by half, dropping from 18 percent to less than 10 percent. There are certainly many reasons for this decrease, from the improved health of older Americans to the amber of two-or-more-job households. But a third of the over-65 population live entirely alone.When middle-aged children in America announce that their 80- or 90-year-old mother "still lives in her own house", I notice that they are quite proud and satisfied. But do the old people in the United States like to live alone?No doubt some of them do. Or at least some of them prefer living alone. They don't like to change their habit or adjust to new ones when living with others. After all, independence is the chief and most honored virtue in this country.Independence is one of the things older Americans try to achieve in their lives. But if you live long enough, independence inevitably becomes an illusion. You can no longer keep up with ~yard work, so you move to an apartment or even a center for the elderly. And you can't see well enough to drive anymore.Seeking help with the routine work of living also means surrendering control. If you ask i0thers to take you to the grocery store, you must fit your shopping to their schedule and preference for supermarkets. Rely on restaurants to deliver your dinner and you have to accept unfamiliar dishes. If your daughter volunteers to clean your house, you can't point out to her the way you ie0uld when she was a teenager, the dust she missed. After a lifetime of doing and having things your own way, you may have to work at feeling -- or even pretending -- gratitude.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard:6. How many Americans over 65 live by themselves according to the speaker?7. What do middle-aged Americans think of their aged parents living alone?8. What will happen if you are in your old age according to the speaker?9. What will the old people do if they choose to live with others?10. Which of the following is true about the old people living alone?Passage 3A funny thing happened on the way to the communications revolution: we stopped talking to one another.I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and -- I became invisible, absent from the conversation.The telephone used to connect you to the absent. Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent. Why is it that the more connected we get, the more disconnected I feel? Every advance in communications technology is a setback to the intimacy of human interaction. With e-mail and instant messaging over the Internet, we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another. With voice mail, you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone. If my mom has a question, I just leave the answer on her machine.As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated, the alienation index goes up. You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person anymore. Directory assistance is almost always fully automated.I am not against modern technology. I own a cell Phone, an ATM card, a voice-mail system, and an e-mail account. Giving them up isn't wise -- they're a great help to us. It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy.More and more, I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation. Or being relieved that voice mail picked up because I didn't really have time to talk. The industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier-- or at least facilitating my antisocial instincts.So I've put myself on technology restriction: no instant messaging with people who live near me, no cell-phoning in the presence of friends, no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard:11. What happened to the speaker when she was walking with her friend in the park?12. What does the speaker think of the progress in communications technology?13. Why can't we call a person to get another phone number?14. How does the speaker react to automation?15. What is the bad effect of communications technology according to the speaker? Passage 4Distinct noises are coming through my bedroom wall. "John, are you moving furniture in there? Again? " I call. The wall muffles his "yes" but does not filter out of his voice the tinge of the excitement.I am not upset by these impulsive rearrangements, just amused at their frequency.Among the noises, I remember how much John longed for the privacy of his own domain two years ago when he was sharing a room with his younger brother, Robert. "Morn, " he said, "can I have a room of my own? I could use Jeff's. He won't mind."It was true that Jeff had graduated from college that past June and had flown from the nest. But would he mind if the place where he had spent so many hours growing up was pulled out from under him?It turned out that getting Jeff's permission to change the room was easy. "Of course, " he said. "It would be selfish of me to hold on to it."Then John and I began to clean out closets and drawers, sending all the things Jeff had left behind. In that room, Jeff's things piled up around me, and I could almost touch the little boy I knew was gone forever.But we accept -- at least we say we do. All of parenting is a series of letting go by degrees. The child walks and runs and rides a bike. Then he is driving a car, and we are falling asleep before he gets home, alert, even in our dreams, to the sound of his motor gearing down.As Jeff said, to hold on would be selfish. Now it was time for John, shouldering through the door with his things under his arms, his eyes bright with the promise of independence, to disappear behind the door. It was time for the letting go to begin again.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard:16. What is the speaker's reaction to John's frequent rearrangements of things in his room?17. Where does Jeff live now ?18. Why does the speaker say that she "could almost touch the little boy"?19. What does the speaker think of parenting?20. How did John achieve independence according to the speaker?Passage 5Thirty years ago, anyone blaming loneliness for physical illness would have been laughed at. But as scientists studied different populations, loneliness kept emerging as a risk factor. In one study, Californian researchers followed 4,700 residents of Alameda County for 10 years, starting in 1965.At first, the participants reported their key sources of companionship and estimated the time they devoted to each other. During the study, the people who reported the least social contact died at nearly three times the rate of those reporting the most. The source of companionship didn't matter, but time spent with others was critical.Since then, researchers have studied men, women, soldiers and students from countries all over the world. And the same pattern keeps emerging. Women who say they feel isolated go on to die of cancer at several times the expected rate. College students who report "strained and cold" relationships with their parents suffer extraordinary rates of hypertension and heart disease decades later. Heart-attack survivors who happen to live by themselves die at twice the rate of those who live with others.For those of us who are still healthy, the lesson should be obvious. It's clear that reaching out to others can help our bodies thrive. It's equally clear that we're growing more isolated. In 1900, only 5 percent of U.S. households consisted of one person living alone. The proportion reached 13 percent in 1960, and it stands at 25 percent today. In a book entitled Bowling Alone, author Robert Putnam shows that our social connections are disappearing on other levels, too. In 1976, Americans attended an average of 12 club meetings a year. The current average is five. Card games, dinner parties and shared family meals have all followed the same pattern. We all have a good excuse -- we're too busy -- but we shouldn't be surprised when it catches up with us.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard:21. When did the Californian researchers finish their study?22. What is the essential factor taken into consideration in the study?23. What can healthy people learn from the study?24. What trend is introduced by the speaker?25. What pattern do activities such as card games and dinner parties follow? Key: Passage 1: 1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (C) Passage 2: 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (B)Passage 3:11. (C) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (D)Passage 4: 16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (A)Passage 5: 21. (C) 22. (B) 23. (D) 24. (D) 25. (B)。
Unit 5 Science and the Scientific Attitude课文翻译大学英语五
Unit 5Science and the Scientific AttitudeScience is the body of knowledge about nature that represents the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. Science is not something new but had its beginnings before recorded history when humans first discovered reoccurring relationships around them. Through careful observations of these relationships, they began to know nature and, because of nature's dependability, found they could make predictions to enable some control over their surroundings.Science made its greatest headway in the sixteenth century when people began asking answerable questions about nature -- when they began replacing superstition by a systematic search for order -- when experiment in addition to logic was used to test ideas. Where people once tried to influence natural events with magic and supernatural forces, they now had science to guide them. Advance was slow, however, because of the powerful opposition to scientific methods and ideas.In about 1510 Copernicus suggested that the sun was stationary and that the earth revolved about the sun. He refuted the idea that the earth was the center of the universe. After years of hesitation, he published his findings but died before his book was circulated. His book was considered heretical and dangerous and was banned by the Church for 200 years. A century after Copernicus, the mathematician Bruno was burned at the stake -- largely for supporting Copernicus, suggesting the sun to be a star, and suggesting that space was infinite. Galileo was imprisoned for popularizing the Copernican theory and for his other contributions to scientific thought. Yet a couple of centuries later, Copernican advocates seemed harmless.This happens age after age. In the early 1800s geologists met with violent condemnation because they differed with the Genesis account of creation. Later in the same century, geology was safe, but theories of evolution were condemned and the teaching of them forbidden. This most likely continues. "At every crossway on the road that leads to the future, each progressive spirit is opposed by a thousand men appointed to guard the past." Every age has one or more groups of intellectual rebels who are persecuted, condemned, or suppressed at the time; but to a later age, they seem harmless and often essential to the elevation of human conditions.The enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed and ate employing a "method" - a method that is extremely effective in gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge. Galileo, famous scientist of the 1600s, is usuallycredited with being the "Father of the Scientific Method." His method is essentially as follows:1. Recognize a problem.2. Guess an answer.3. Predict the consequences of the guess.4. Perform experiments to test predictions.5. Formulate the simplest theory organizes the three main ingredients: guess, prediction, experimental outcome.Although this cookbook method has a certain appeal, to has not been the key to most of the breakthroughs and discoveries in science. Trial and error, experimentation without guessing, accidental discovery, and other methods account for much of the progress in science. Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an attitude common to scientists. This attitude is essentially one of inquiry, experimentation, and humility before the facts. If a scientist holds an idea to be true and finds any counterevidence whatever, the idea is either modified or abandoned. In the scientific spirit, the idea must be modified or abandoned in spite of the reputation of the person advocating it. As an example, the greatly respected Greek philosopher Aristotle said that falling bodies fall at a speed proportional to their weight. This false idea was held to be true for more than 2,000 years because of Aristotle's immense authority. In the scientific spirit, however, a single verifiable experiment to the contrary outweighs any authority, regardless of reputation or the number of followers and advocates.Scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different. They must strive to distinguish between what they see and what they wish to see -- for humanity's capacity for self-deception is vast. People have traditionally tended to adopt general rules, beliefs, creeds, theories, and ideas without thoroughly questioning their validity and to retain them long after they have been shown to be meaningless, false, or at least questionable. The most widespread assumptions are the least questioned. Most often, when an idea is adopted, particular attention is given to cases that seem to support it, while cases that seem to refute it are distorted, belittled, or ignored. We feel deeply that it is a sign of weakness to "change out minds." Competent scientists, however, must be expert at changing their minds. This is because science seeks not to defend our beliefs but to improve them. Better theories are made by those who are not hung up on prevailing ones.Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people. But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high premium onhonesty. The cardinal rule in science is that all claims must be testable -- they must be capable, at least in principle, of being proved wrong. For example, if someone claims that a certain procedure has a certain result, it must in principle be possible to perform a procedure that will either confirm or contradict the claim. If confirmed, then the claim is regarded as useful and a stepping-stone to further knowledge. None of us has the time or energy or resources to test every claim, so most of the time we must take somebody's word. However, we must have some criterion for deciding whether one person's word is as good as another's and whether one claim is as good as another. The criterion, again, is that the claim must be testable. To reduce the likelihood of error, scientists accept the word only of those whose ideas, theories, and findings are testable -- if not in practice then at least in principle. Speculations that cannot be tested are regarded as "unscientific." This has the long-run effect of compelling honesty - findings widely publicized among fellow scientists are generally subjected to further testing. Sooner or later, mistake (and lies) are bound to be found out; wishful thinking is bound to be exposed. The honesty so important to the progress of science thus becomes a matter of self-interest to scientists.科学与科学态度科学是关于自然的知识主体，代表了人类集体的努力，洞察力，新发现和智慧。
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2.Text Analysis and Study Text analysis Maugham, the famous British short writer, shows us how powerful contrast is in delineating a person’s character.
Upon first seeing the title, readers may think: “ Oh. Another story about how people helped their friend in need!” However, when they finish reading it, readers will find it is an entirely different story: Those who appear to be friendly may turn out to be so evil-minded as to be ready to strike a cruel blow at a friend in need.
Text analysis
Almost the entire Part 2 is devoted to the description of Edward Burton’s kindly appearance and pleasant manners. Neither the “I” in the story nor readers could imagine him hurting a fly. Yet in Part 3
Burton recounts cold-bloodedly how he destroyed a human life.
Text analysis
Part One and Part Two are narrated by “I”, who offers his subjective opinion
of Burton’s character judged from his appearance. Yet in Part Three Burton himself takes over the narration to tell what happened between him and a friend in trouble. He sounds cool and objective; just because of this he is shown to be so vicious and so cold-blooded.
When contrasts abound, it is hard for readers to easily predict what will happen
next.
2)T asked the Ss to skim and scan the whole text in 3-4 mins to get the general idea of the text and do exercise 1 Text Organization
Keys to last exercise:
Part one: It is no easy job to judge people, for they aren’t always what
they appear to be.
Part two: Kind and gentle, Edward Burton, a wealthy merchant, appeared as
if he could not bear to hurt a fly.
Part three: As it turned out, Burton was cold-blooded enough to send a friend
in need to certain death.
3)Comprehension Questions: 1.Does the narrator think our first impressions of a person are always right? Why or why not? Keys to (1) 2.What was Edward Burton by profession? How did he look? Keys to (2) 3.What struck the narrator most about Edward Burton?How does the narrator describe this obvious side to Burton’s character? Keys to (3) 4.Who was Lenny Burton? How did Edward Burton get to know him? Keys to (4) 5.What was Edward Burton impression of Lenny? Keys to (5) 3)Comprehension Questions: 6.How did Lenny manage to support himself? Keys to (6) 7.Why did Lenny call at his namesake’s office one day? Keys to (7) 8.How did Edward respond to his request? Keys to (8) 9.How did the response help to show him up in his true colors? keys to (9)
3)Comprehension Questions: 10.What idea did Edward think of when Lenny begged again for a job? keys to (10) 11.Why did Lenny hesitate before he agreed to do as he was told to? keys to (11) 12.When Edward set a condition for offering a job, was he aware Lenny would be drowned? How do you know? Keys to (12) Keys to Comprehension Questions:
(1)The narrator think that our first impression are always deceptive, because
he found that the longer he know people the more they puzzle him.(L2-5)
(2)He was a merchant.(L7) He was at tiny little fellow, not much more than five
feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much wrinkled, and blue eyes.(L13-15)
Keys to Comprehension Questions:
(3)What struck the narrator most is Burton’s kindness.(L27) The narrator gave
a detailed description of Burton’s appearance and manners: There was something very pleasing in his mild blue eyes. His voice was gentle; you could not imagine that he could possibly raise it in anger; his smile was benign„(L27-29)
Keys to Comprehension Questions: (4)Lenny Burton was a namesake of Edward Burton and he should belonged to some very good clubs because he plays bridge very well.(L47-49).Lenny Burton came to see Edward Burton when he went broke.(L67-68)
(5)Edward Burton said that Lenny Burton wasn’t a bad chap and he liked him. Lenny Burton was always well-dressed and smart-looking. He was handsome in a way with curly hair and pink-and-white cheeks.(L56-58)
Keys to comprehension questions:
(6)His family sent money to him once a quarter and he made a bit more by
card-playing.(L60-62)
(7)Because he had no more money coming from home and he wanted to work.(L69-71)
He was down and out. If he couldn’t get something to do he’d have to commit suicide.(L82-84)
(8)Edward refused to help Lenny: “ I’m afraid I can’t do anything for you
just yet„”(L76)
Keys to Comprehension Questions (9)Edward laughed at Lenny when Lenny asked help for him. And he also refused Lenny in a satiric way by saying that: “Come back and see me in another thirty-five years, and I’ll see what I can do.” (L75,L76-77)