工程经济学第二版王艳丽课后答案

合集下载

工程经济课后习题答案 .

工程经济课后习题答案 .

第二章思考题1、在进行工程经济分析时,为什么要强调可比原理,有哪些可比原则?答:工程经济分析的实质,就是要对可实现某一预定目标的多种工程技术方案进行比较选优,要比较就必须建立共同的比较基础和条件,因为各工程、项目方案会在一系列技术经济因素上存在着差异。

所以在方案比较之前首先要考虑方案之间是否可比,如果不可比,要作可比性的修正计算,只有这样才能得到可靠的分析结果,研究工程经济分析的比较原理,就是掌握工程经济分析的可比条件,把握技术方案之间可比与不可比的内在联系,找出不可比向可比转化的规律,从而保证工程方案经济效益结论正确、可靠。

工程经济分析的比较原理就是要遵循四个可比原则,它们是满足需要可比原则、消耗费用可比原则、价格可比原则、时间因素可比原则。

2、概述工程经济效益评价的指标体系。

答:如下图所示,工程经济效益评价的指标体系有:反映劳动成果的指标、反映劳动耗费类的指标以及同时反映收益和劳动耗费的综合指标,其中,反映收益的指标有产量、质量、品种和利润等;反映劳动耗费的指标有投资、产品成本和时间指标等。

同时反映收益和劳动耗费的效益类指标有:单项性的效益指标有劳动生产率、材料利用率、流动资金周围次数、固定资金利用率等;综合性的效益指标有静态差额投资收益率、静态差额投资回收期以及若干动态指标等。

这些指标组成一套互相联系的系统化指标,作为评价技术经济效益的标准和依据。

3、何谓资金的时间价值,它与资金等值的概念有何不同?答:将资金作为某项投资,由于资金的运动(流通-生产-流通)可得到一定的收益或利润,即资金增了值,资金在这段时间内所产生的增值就是资金的时间价值。

资金等值是指在不同时期(时点)绝对值不等而价值相等的资金。

如果在同一投资系统中,不同时刻数额不同的两笔或两笔以上资金,按照一定的利率和计息方式,折算到某一相同时刻点得到的资金数额是相等的,那么这两笔或多笔资金是"等值"的。

4、某企业拟从银行贷款,年利率为6%,该企业每年偿还能力为2万元,要在5年内全部还清贷款,问该企业现在可从银行贷款多少?反之,假如企业现在从银行一次贷款50万元,拟在5年内还清,问逐年等额偿还额应是多少?解:分析题目,这是一个等额分付的问题,前一问是已知A=2,i=0.06,n=5,求P,后一问是已知P=50,i=0.06,n=5,求A。

工程经济课后答案

工程经济课后答案

工程经济课后答案篇一:工程经济课后答案工程经济课后答案第一章1. 什么是工程经济学?答:工程经济是运用工程学和经济学等有关知识互相交融而构成的工程经济分析原理与方法,对可以完成工程工程预定目的的各种工程工程方案进展技术,经济论证、比较、优选出技术上先进、经济上合理的方案,从而为实现正确的投资决策提供科学按照的一门应用性学科。

2. 如何从广义上认识工程经济的研究对象?答:广义的工程工程是由特定的治理主体负责的,包括被治理对象和治理手段在内的系列活动的整体。

3. 工程经济学有哪些特点?答:工程经济是工程技术与经济核算相结合的边缘穿插学科,是自然科学、社会科学亲切交融的综合科学,是一门与消费建立、经济开展有着直截了当联络的应用性学科。

它具有以下几个明显的特点:(1)理论联络实际。

(2)定量与定性分析。

(3)系统分析与平衡分析。

(4)统计预测分析与不确定性分析。

4. 进展工程经济分析的重要意义是什么?答:(1)工程经济分析是提高工程工程合理利用资源的有效保证。

(2)工程经济分析是降低工程投资风险的有效途径。

(3)工程经济学是联接技术与经济的桥梁。

第二章1. 如何样认识投资与资产?答:投资,从一定意义上讲是指为了今后获得收益或防止风险而进展的资金投放活动,是事先垫付的资金及其经济行为。

按其与构成真实资产关系的直截了当程度,可划分为直截了当投资与间接投资。

按其构成真实资产的内容,可求分为固定资产投资、流淌资产投资、无形资产投资与递延资产投资。

资产,确实是企业拥有或操纵的以货币计量的经济资源,包括各种财产,债权和其他权利。

包括固定资产、流淌资产、无形资产、递延资产。

2. 什么是固定资产、无形资产、递延资产、流淌资产?答:(1)固定资产是指使用年限在1年以上,单位价值在规定标准以上,同时在使用过程中保持原有物质形态的资产。

(2)无形资产是指没有物质实体,但却可使拥有者长期受益的资产。

(3)递延资产是指不能全部计入当年损益,应当在以后年度内分期摊销的各项费用。

(完整word版)工程经济学习题附答案汇总

(完整word版)工程经济学习题附答案汇总

郑州大学远程教育工程经济学习题解答第一部分客观题1.( )出版了《工程经济学》,系统阐明了货币的时间价值、货币管理、经济决策和风险与不确定性分析等,使工程经济学的学科体系更加丰富和完整。

A、布西B、里格斯C、迪安D、凯恩斯2.工程经济中的(),通常是指拟议中的工程(投资)项目,表现为一个或一组可供选择的技术方案。

A、工程B、技术C、手段D、工艺3.工程经济学中的经济,主要是指()。

A、生产关系B、国民经济C、节约或节省D、社会生产和再生产4.已知折现率i>0,根据所给现金流量图,下列表述错误的是()。

A.A1 为现金流出B.A2 发生在第3 年年初C.A3 发生在第3 年年末D.若A2 与A3 流量相等,则A2 与A3 的价值相等5.在完成建设项目投资和营业收入估算后,就可以估算经营成本,为项目融资前分析提供数据。

因此,经营成本与()无关。

A.总成本费用B.外购原材料费C.工资及福利费D.融资方案6.项目的销售利润是销售收入减去销售税金及附加与()的差额。

A.总成本费用B.经营成本C.经营成本+所得税D.折旧+摊销7.在建设投资估算方法中,( ) 最为粗略,一般仅用于投资机会研究阶段。

A. 系数估算法B. 单位生产能力估算法C.生产能力指数法D. 比例估算法8.某建设项目建设期3年,生产经营期17年,建设投资(静态)5500万元,流动资金500 万元。

建设期第 1 年初贷款2000万元,年利率9%,贷款期限5年,每年复利息一次,到期一次还本付息,该项目的总投资为()万元。

A.6000 B.6540 C.6590 D.70779.建筑安装工程造价由()组成。

A.直接费、间接费、计划利润、规费和税金B.分部分项工程费、措施项目费、其他项目费C.分部分项工程费、措施项目费、其他项目费、规费和税金D.直接费、间接费、利润、税金10.某建设工程项目的建设期为2年,第一年贷款600万元,第二年贷款800万元,贷款年利率10%,按年复利计息,则该项目建设期利息综合为()万元。

工程经济学重点习题答案(修订)

工程经济学重点习题答案(修订)

01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
120000
90000
NAV (A) 120000(A / P,10%,10) 20000(A / F,10%,10) 64000 45730 NAV (B) 90000(A / P,10%,8) 10000(A / F,10%,8) 61500 45508
绝对评价:NAV(A) 、NAV(B) 均大于零,所以两方案均可行。 相对评价:NAV(A) >NAV(B),所以A型号的机械最优。
第四章 习 题
9.某施工机械有两种不同的型号,其有关数据如习题表4—3所示,利率为10%,试问购 买哪种型号的机械比较经济?(分别用净年值法与净现值法对方案进行优选)
i2 6%, NPV2 850 200 4.2124 7.52
IRR

5%

15.9 15.9 7.52

(6%

5%)

5.68%

15%
综上所述: B方案为最优方案
取投 资小的B方案
第四章 习 题
9.某施工机械有两种不同的型号,其有关数据如习题表4—3所示,利率为10%,试问购 买哪种型号的机械比较经济?(分别用净年值法与净现值法对方案进行优选)
① 比较A、B两方案
方案 A B B-A
初始投资 3000 3650 650
年收入 1800 2200 400
年支出 800 1000 200
NPV (IRR) 650 200(P / A, IRR,5)
i1 15%, NPV1 650 2003.3522 20.44
30
0
0
5
9.84
4
5.87

建筑工程经济(第2版)复习思考题答案

建筑工程经济(第2版)复习思考题答案

一、单选1、B2、B二、多选1、AD2、ABCD3、ABC4、ABD三、简答1、工程是指按一定的计划、应用科学知识将各种资源最佳地为人类服务进行的工作,如建造、建筑、水利、开矿等。

技术是人类在利用自然和改造自然的过程中积累起来并在生产劳动中体现出来的经验和知识。

经济是一个多义词,通常有下列几方面的含义:①经济指生产关系。

②经济是指一国国民经济的总称,或指国民经济的各部门,如工业经济、农业经济、商业经济等。

③经济指社会生产和再生产,即物质资料的生产、交换、分配、消费的现象和过程。

④经济是指节约或节省。

工程、技术和经济的关系十分密切,不可分割。

发展经济所进行的活动必须运用一定的技术手段,而任何技术手段的运用都必须消耗或占用人力、物力和财力等资源。

所以,技术与经济二者相互促进又相互制约,是始终并存的两个方面。

经济发展是技术进步的动力和方向,而技术进步是推动经济发展、提高经济效益的重要条件和手段。

社会物质文化需要的满足、国民经济的发展都必须依靠技术的进步和应用。

2、综合性、实用性、定量性、比较性、预测性3、工程经济学的研究对象是工程项目技术经济分析的最一般方法,即研究采用何种方法、建立何种方法体系,才能正确估价工程项目的有效性,才能寻求到技术与经济的最佳结合点。

4、工程、技术、经济。

5、选择替代方案的原则、方案的可比性原则、社会主义制度下经济效果的评价原则。

课后习题答案一、单项选择1.B2.C3. C4.D5.D6.B7. D二、多项选择题1.ABCE2.BCDE3.AB4.BD5.ABCD三、简答题1.绘制现金流量图的步骤:1)首先画一条横轴,自左向右代表时间的延续;2)将横轴用原点均匀的分割,每一个原点代表一个时间点;3)用箭线代表现金流入及现金流出,现金流入箭头向上,现金流出箭头向下,箭线长短与现金数值大小成比例2. 广义的投资是指一切为了获得收益或避免风险而进行的资金经营活动;狭义的投资是指投资主体为了实现赢利或避免风险,通过各种途径投放资金的活动,也就是指以一定的资源(如资金、人力、技术、信息等)投入某项计划或工程,以获取所期望的报酬。

工程经济课后答案(Engineeringeconomyaftertheanswer)

工程经济课后答案(Engineeringeconomyaftertheanswer)

工程经济课后答案(Engineering economy after the answer)The first chapter1. what is the engineering economics?Answer: is the principle and method of engineering economy analysis based on knowledge engineering and economics integration and the formation of engineering economy, technology of various projects to complete the project target, economic evaluation, comparison, select the technology advanced and feasible scheme, which provides a practical science of science the basis for correct investment decision.2. how to understand the engineering economy from the broad sense of the object?Answer: the project is in the charge of the generalized specific management subject, including the whole series of activities of managed objects and management means, the.3. what are the characteristics of engineering economics?Answer: engineering economy is the interdisciplinary science engineering technology and economic accounting combination, is a comprehensive science and natural science and social science closelyblends, is a applied science directly linked to a production and construction, economic development. It has the following characteristics:(1) theory and practice. (2) quantitative and qualitative analysis. (3) analysis system analysis and balance. (4)statistical prediction and analysis of uncertainty.What is the significance of the 4. engineering economic analysis?Answer: (1) engineering economic analysis is the effective guarantee to improve the rational use of resources project. (2) engineering economic analysis is an effective way to reduce the project investment risk. (3) engineering economics is a bridge linking technology and economy.The second chapter1. how to understand the investment and assets?Answer: investment, in a certain sense refers to the future in order to gain or to avoid the risk of the funds, funds prior to advance and economic behavior. According to the degree of formation of real assets and direct relationship, can be divided into direct investment and indirect investment. According to the formation of real assets, can be divided into investment in fixed assets, floating assets investment, the investment of intangible assets and deferred assets investment.Assets, is the enterprise owned or controlled by money value economic resources including all property, rights and other rights. Including fixed assets, current assets, intangible assets and deferred assets.2. what is the fixed assets, intangible assets, deferred assetsand current assets?Answer: (1) refers to the use of fixed assets for more than 1 years, the unit value is above the prescribed criteria, and maintain the original physical assets in the process of using.(2) intangible assets refers to no matter, but the long-term benefit of the asset owner. (3) deferred assets refer to cannot be accounted into current profit and loss, the fee shall be amortized in future years amortization. (4) current assets refer to in 1 years or the realization of an operating cycle of more than 1 years or use of assets.3. of the total cost which consists of several?Answer: the total cost of the manufacturing cost of the products (production cost) and cost during the period of composition. The manufacturing cost includes direct materials, direct wages and other direct expenses and manufacturing cost etc.. Period costs include administrative expenses and financial expenses, sales expenses.4. how to distinguish between fixed and variable cost?Answer: (1) the fixed cost refers to a certain scale of production within the limits, and not change with the production cost. The characteristics of these costs is the product yield is increased, the total cost remains unchanged, which reflects increased in the unit product cost.(2) the variable cost refers to the cost of the product with the product yields and in proportion to the increase or decreasethe cost of raw materials, such as direct costs, direct fuel and power costs, packaging fees. The characteristics of these costs is the change of product yield, the total cost is proportional to change, and reflected in the unit product cost in cost is fixed.The relationship between the 5. sales revenue, profits and taxes?Answer: sales revenue is the realization of enterprise capital recovery or advance capital appreciation, it is the monetary expression of production enterprises. The profit is the ultimate achievement of enterprises of all production and business activities in a certain period of time.Tax refers to all kinds of enterprises in tax according to the provisions of the state tax law paid to the state, is an important way for enterprises to provide the accumulation of national.Total profit = - product sales tax and additional sales profit + + net investment income + non business income - operating expensesThe third chapterWhat are the types of expressions 1, economic benefits?Answer: (1) the difference between representation E = V - C(2) E = ratio representation(3) E * 100% = percentage methodWhat is the 2, setting up economic benefit indexes and index system of the effect?Answer: the engineering economic analysis, demonstration, evaluation and selection of the project, all need to measure the scale and standard. This is the standard scale and index, economic benefit index. Because of the complexity of engineering economy, compared with only one or two indicators, sometimes is not enough. At the same time must be using a number of indicators, including indicators of economic indicators and general technology, compared to the analysis from different angles, in order to evaluate the whole picture, to provide the scientific basis for project decision making. Target group set up a number of interrelated and mutual restraint, constitutes an indicator system for evaluating the economic benefits.3, in the engineering economic analysis why we emphasize the comparability principle?Answer: in engineering economic analysis, in addition to the project itself on individual income and expense analysis and evaluation, and more important to determine the economic benefits of the advantages and disadvantages is the comparative analysis between the project plan, so as to determine a project technical and economic benefits of the pros and cons.4, what is the time value of money?Answer: the time value of capital, refers to funds in the process of production and circulation, with the passage of time can produce value-added, the value-added part is called the time value of money.The relationship between the 5, the nominal interest rate and real interest rate?A: so, when the time unit of interest and the interest period is consistent, the real interest rate and nominal interest rate is the same, and equal to the interest rate cycle; when the unit of time and the actual interest rate calculation cycle, the nominal interest rate is equal to the product of an interest rate cycle and a year in the calculation period, and the actual the interest rate equals the nominal interest rate plus interest rates generated by the time value.6, in the project of cash flows have?Answer: (1) investment in fixed assets and loan interest (2) capital investment (3) operating costs (4) sales revenue (5) profit (6) (7) tax subsidies (8) new investment in fixed assets and working capital investment (9) recovery net residual value of fixed assets (10) recovery flow capital7, a project investment of 1 million yuan, third years to start production, need 3 million yuan of liquidity, after put into production, annual sales revenue to offset operating costs 3 million yuan after fifth years, an additional investment of 5 million yuan, and the annual sales income offset when effective operating costs 7 million 500 thousand yuan, the economic lifeof the project is 10 years, residual 1 million yuan, to draw a map of the cash flow of the project?Solution:8, what is the capital equivalent? What are the factors that affect the equivalent of money?Answer: (1) capital equivalent refers to the consideration of time factor, the conversion of cash flow in different time occurred in varying amounts at the same time, in order to meet the balance of payments than at the time of the request. That at any time according to certain interest rate conversion funds for another particular point a different amount of money, but it also points to two different amount of money on the economy is equal, equal economic value, which is the equivalent of money.(2) there are three main factors affecting the equivalent amount of money funds, namely the size of the length of time; capital movement occurs; interest rate.9. investment needs of a project, now to bank loans for 1 million yuan, the annual interest rate is 10%, the loan period of 5 years, a time to pay off. How much is the end of fifth a repayment of bank funds?Solution: (1) draw cash flow chart(2) calculationF = P = P (F/P, i,n) = 100 (f / p, 10%, 5) = 100× 1.6105 = 161.05 (万元)答: 5年末一次偿还银行本利和161.05万元.10. 某工厂拟在第5年年末能从银行取出2万元, 购置一台设备, 若年利率为10%.那么现在应存入银行多少钱?解: (1) 作图(2) 计算p = f = f (p / f, i, n) = 2 (p / f, 10%, 5) = 2× 0.6209 = 1.2418 (万元)答: 现在应存入银行的现值为1.2418万元.11. 某项改扩建工程, 每年向银行借款为100万元, 3年建成投产, 年利率为10%, 问投产时一次还款多少钱?解: (1) 作图(2) 计算f = (a (f / a, i, n) (f / p, i, n) = 1000 (f / a, 10%, 3) (f / p, 10%, 1) = 100×3.310× 1.10 = 364.1 (万元)答: 投产时需一次还清本利和364.1万元.12. 某工厂计划自筹资金于5年后新建一个生产车间, 预计需要投资为5 000万元, 若年利率为5%, 从现在起每年年末应等额存入银行多少钱才行?解: (1) 作图(2) 计算a = f = f (a / f, i, n) = 5000 (a / f, 5%, 5) = 5000× 0.181 = 905 (万元)答: 每年年末应等额存入银行905万元.13. 某项投资, 预计每年受益为2万元, 年利率为10% 时, 10年内可以全部收回投资, 问期初的投资是多少钱?解: (1) 作图(2) 计算p = a = a (p / a, i, n) = 2 (p / a, 10%, 10) = 2× 6.1446 = 12.2892 (万元)答: 期初投资为12.2892万元.14. 某项工程投资借款为50万元, 年利率为10%, 拟分5年年末等额偿还, 求偿还金额是多少?解: (1) 作图(2) 计算a = p = p (a / p, i, n) = 50 (a / p, 10%, 5) = 50× 0.2638 =1.19 (万元)答: 偿还金额是13.19万元.15、某借款金额1万元, 利率8%, 分5年于年末等额偿还, 问每年的偿付值? 若在每年初偿还, 每期偿付值又是多少?解: (1) 作图图1.年末等额偿还图2.年初等额偿还(2) 计算①a = p (a / p, i, n) = 1 (a / p, 8%, 5) = 0.2505万元②p = a + a (p / a, i, n)a = = 0.2319万元答: 若年末等额偿还, 每年偿还0.2505万元, 若在每年初偿还, 每期偿还0.2594万元.16、某项目第1 ~ 4年平均投资50万元, 第4年建成投产, 年净收益40万元, 第5 ~ 10年生产达产后年均净收益70万元.第11 ~ 12年生产约有下降, 年均净收益50万元, 在年利率8% 时, 求终值、现值、第4年期末的等值资金?解: (1) 作图(2) 计算p = - 50 + (- 50) (p / a, 8%, 3) + 40 (p / f, 8%, 4) + 70 (p / a, 8%, 6) (p / f, 8%, 4) + 50 (p / a, 8%, 2) (p / f, 8%, 10) = 129.6142万元f = p (f / p, 8%, 12) = 326.3686万元f = p (f / p, 8%, 4) = 176.2753万元第四章1. 某建设项目方案表明, 该项目在建设的第一年完工, 投资为10 000元, 第二年投产并获净收益为2 000元, 第三年获净收益为3 000元, 第四年至第十年获净收益为5 000元, 试求该项目的静态投资回收期.解: (1) 作图(2) 计算- = 10000 + 2000 + 3000 + 5000 = 0p = 43. 某项目的各年金现金流量如表4 - 17所示, 收益率在15% 时, 试用净现值判断项目的经济性. (表4? - 17见书p95)解: (1) 作图(2) 计算npv = = -40-10 +8 (p / a, 15%, (2) p / f, 1 to 15%, +13 (p / a), 16 (15%), p / d, 3 (15%) +33 p / f, 15%, 20)0.0611 = -40-10×0.8696+8×1.6257×0.8696+13×5.9542×0.6575+33×合理 15.52 > = 04. 甲、乙两项目的有关费用支出如表4 - 18所示, 在收益率为10% 时, 试用费用现值法选择方案. (表4? - 18见书p95)解: (1) 作图(2) 计算pc = 800 +320 (p / a, 1, 9) (1+0.1)800×0.9091+320×5.759× 2402.64 0.9091 = =pc = 900 +300 (p / a, 1, 9) (1+0.1)900×0.9091+300×5.759× 2388.84 0.9091 = =因此乙方案好 > pc pc5. 某方案需要投资为1 995元, 当年见效年收益为1 500元, 年成本支出为500元, 第四年有1 000元追加投资, 服务期为5年, 在收益率为10% 时, 用净现值率法评价方案.解: (1) 作图(2) 计算npv = -1995-1000 (1+0.1) + (1500-500 (p / a), 0.1, 5)-1995-753.3+1000× 1042.5 3.7908 = =1995+1000 (r = = = 2748.3 1995+753.3 1+0.1)npvr = = > 10 合理 is 0.38%.6. 某项目需要投资为2万元, 经济寿命为5年, 残值为0.4万元, 每年收益为1万元, 每年支出成本费用为0.44万元, 若基准收益率为8%, 用效益成本比率法确定方案是否可取?解: (1) 作图(2) 计算1 = (p / a, 8%, 5 +0.4 (p / f), 8%, 5) = = 4.265 3.9927+0.4× 0.68062+0.44× 3.757 3.9927 = =b /c = = 1.1352此方案可取, 除收回投资外, 还可获得相当于投资总成本现值总额0.1352倍的净值.7. 某投资项目, 投资额为1万元, 在5年中每年的平均收入为0.6万元, 每年的费用支出为0.3万元, 期末残值为0.2万元, 若投资收益率为10%, 试用净未来值法评价方案.解: (1) 作图(2) 计算-1 nfv (f / p = 0.1, 5, +0.3 (f / a), 0.1, 5) +0.2-1.611+0.3×6.105+0.2 0.4205 = = > 0因此该方案可行8. 某项目投资为700万元, 每年的净收益均为200万元, 寿命期为5年, 基准收益率为10%, 试用内部收益率判断方案.解: (1) 作图(2) 计算设npv - 700 + 200 = (p / a, i, 5) npv = 0(p / a, i, 5) = 3.5% 可以作为比较值查表可知12 与15%.i = 12% npv = 200 - 700 + (p / a, i, 5) = > 0 20.96i = 15% npv = 200 - 700 + (p / a, i, 5) = -29.56 < 0i = 0.12 + (13.2%) 0.15-0.12) = > 可行9. 有两个投资方案a和b, 其投资分别为1.8万元和1.6 万元, 年净收益分别为0.34万元和0.3万元, 项目寿命期均为20年, 基准收益率为10%, 用差额投资收益率比较方案.解: (1) 作图(2) 计算the - b, - 0.2. 04. 04. 04.判断方法如上题:i = 15% npv = - 0.2 +. 04 (p / a, 15%, 20) = 0,05 > 0i = - 0.2 to 20% npv = + 0.04 (p / a, 20%, 20 -0.005 < 0) =i '= 0,15 + (0.2-0.15) x = 19.5% > i 则投资大的方案a优10. 某项目总产量为6 000吨, 产品售价为1 335元 / 吨, 其固定成本为1 430 640元, 单位可变成本为930.65元.试求盈亏平衡点产量和盈亏平衡点时的生产能力利用率. (分别用计算法和作图法求解).解: (1) 作图法①画直角坐标图②在纵坐标轴上找点b, c, s, f.已知: b = 1430640元, f = b则c = b + vq = 1430640 + 930.65×6000 = 7014540元s = pq = 1335×6000 = 8010000元③连接fb, fc, os三线.④找出fc与os的交点g, 其对应的产量为3500吨, 即为所求盈亏平衡点产量(2) 计算法bep = = = 3538.123吨bep = ×100% = ×100% = 58.97%11. 生产某种产品有三种工艺方案, 采用方案a, 年固定成本为800万元, 单位变动成本为10元; 采用方案b, 年固定成本为500万元, 单位变动成本为20元; 采用方案c, 年固定成本为300万元, 单位变动成本为30元.用盈亏平衡法分析各种方案适用的生产规模.解:a: c = 800 + 10q(b: c = 500 + 20qc: c = 300 + 30qc = c 800 + 10q = 500 + 20q(c = 800 + 10q = 1100)c = c 500 + 20q = 300 + 30qq = 20(c = 500 + 20q = 900).c = c 800 + 10q = 300 + 30qq = 25(c = 300 + 30q = 1050)q < 20时方案c优20≤q≤30时方案b优q > 30时方案a优12、某项目设计年生产能力为10万吨, 计划投资需要1800万元, 建设期1年, 产品销售价格为63元 / 吨, 年经营成本为250万元, 项目寿命期为10年, 残值60万元, 收益率为10%.试就投资额, 产品价格、经营成本等影响因素对投资方案进行敏感性分析?解:(1) 作图投资回收期法:pt = + 1 = + 1 = 5.74用投资回收期进行敏感性分析20% 10% 0 -10 -20%%投资额 6.68 annex 7.1 5.74 5.26 4.79产品价格 4.56 5.06 5.74 6.68 $8.09经营成本 6:45 6.07 5.74 5.44 5.19净现值法:npv = 1800 + (630 - 250) (p / a, 10%, 9) (p / f, 10%, 1) + 60 (p / f, 10%, 10)= - 1800 + 380×5.759× 0.9091 + 60× 0.3856 = 212.626万元+ 20% + 10% 0 - 10% - 20%投资额 -147.374 32.626 212.6 392.626 572.626产品价格 872.3 542.5 212.6 - 117.2 - 447.1经营成本 - 49.1 81.7 212.6 343.5 474.4第五章1、为什么说工程项目方案的比较是工程经济分析的重要内容?答: 由于工程项目方案受技术、经济和外部环境等其他相关因素的联系和影响, 使方案的决策变得复杂, 要对比较方法和评价指标进行有效选择, 才能选出相对最佳方案, 作出科学的投资决策.2、什么是独立方案, 互斥方案、相关方案?Answer: (1) in a series of alternative projects, if accept a solution does not affect the adoption of the plan, known as the independent scheme, or completely independent scheme.(2) select a program in a number of alternatives, it excludes the adoption of all other schemes, this type of program is called mutual exclusion scheme.(3) in each project, which uses a program will bring a certain impact on the cash flow of other programs, thereby affecting the other scheme adopted or refused, in this relationship in the scheme is called correlation scheme.3, the NPV, IRR, IRR index in the selection scope and evaluation criteria?Answer:indexThe application of NPV IRR IRRAn independent project feasibility judgment and selection criteria can be considered acceptable to all (calculated in accordance with the provisions of the discount rate) independent project NPV 0 can be considered to accept all IRR Benchmarks (or regulations) yields independent projects not applicableTwo, scheme comparison (exclusive plan preferred) no financial constraints, choose the larger NPV generally do not directly use, instead of IRR, when the IRR I benchmark rate of return, with greater investment benchmark is the optimal plan (or set) rate of return, investment selection scheme, otherwise, choose a small investment scheme.Three, the project queuing (optimal combination of independent projects) and exhaustive scheme combination according to the investment (or incremental) order from small to large, and then use the appropriate opportunity cost for the calculation of NPV, the rate of discount compared to 11, according to the principle of sorting is better and exhaustive scheme combination according to the investment (or incremental), ascending sort the calculation of adjacent combination of IRR, according to the IRR benchmark rate of return (or opportunity cost) when the investment was superior to the principle of one by one comparison sort must first sorted according to the investment amount of order, and then turn on the adjacent 22, until the best project.4, in the selection of scheme of NAW, PC and AC, how to select indicators?Answer: the net benefit annual value method for scheme selection, should be carried out to calculate the comparison scheme of AW, to the larger value of AW is the optimal plan. In the comparison of schemes should choose the low cost present value PC or AC low cost scheme.5, a proposed project has three independent investment portfolio, the data are listed in the following table, if the maximum investment limit of 100 million yuan, the investment rate of return of not less than 15%, ask how to make a decision? (VPV) (see page 111)Solution: because the maximum investment limit of 100 million yuan so that only the following four mayScheme ANPV = -2000+1200 (P/A, 15%, 3) = 7 million 398 thousand and 400 yuanScheme BNPV = -6000+3000 (P/A, 15%, 3) = 8 million 496 thousand yuanScheme CNPV = -10000+4000 (P/A, 15%, 3) = -867.2 yuanScheme ABNPV = -8000+4200 (P/A, 15%, 3) = 15 million 894 thousand and 400 yuanSo the selection scheme of ABThe sixth chapter1, what is the tangible and intangible abrasion of equipment?Answer: (1) the role of the force in the process of using the equipment, parts of friction, vibration and fatigue phenomenon resulting in equipment entity wear, the wear is called the first tangible.(2) the so-called invisible wear, is due to the progress of science and technology and the emergence of more perfect performance, high production efficiency of the equipment, so that the original equipment value is reduced; or production equipment has the same structure value does not depend on the initial production cost, but depends on the production cost, and this cost is falling.2 equipment, tangible and intangible abrasion and wear how to measure?Answer: tangible expression (excluding interest) for:Type: tangible equipment wear degree;C - repair all parts for repairs;In determining the wear degree of equipment, the equipment value of reproduction.Wear invisible expressions (without interest) for:Type: - Equipment invisible wear degree;K0 equipment cost;Ks - (consider two kinds of invisible wear value of reproduction equipment).Comprehensive wear (residual value of two kinds of wear occurred at the same time after) for:- after the residual value of tangible equipment- after the residual value of tangible equipment3, why should compensate for the equipment wear?Answer: to reduce the wear caused by the original equipment value.4, equipment wear and wear compensation of what?Answer: the equipment wear forms: to eliminate visible wear - repairCan not eliminate the physical wear replacementInvisible -- wear of the transformation and renewal of secondWhat is the meaning of 5, updating equipment?Answer: to a new device instead of physically unable to continue using the old equipment and the economy should not continue to use the.6, the equipment depreciation rate impact on the enterprise?Answer: if the rate of depreciation provisions is too low, the equipment use expires, still does not have the value of the equipment all transferred to the product, is not sufficient to compensate the consumption of equipment, affecting the normal development of the enterprise, artificially expand profits, false exaggerated accumulation, the results not only make the equipment not timely updated, and false arrange the reproduction of investment. If the depreciation rate is set too high, the actual loss of depreciation for equipment spare, will artificially reduce profits, affect the normal accumulation of funds, impede the expansion of reproduction.7, what is the technology of life and natural life, the economic life of equipment?Answer: (1) the natural life of tangible economic equipment after wear and loss of technical performance and service performance, and fix the value of time.(2) the technology life refers to the equipment due to the performance and benefits of intangible wear and poor, continueto use uneconomical and no transformation of the value in the economic time.(3) the economic life of equipment refers to the use of a certain time, comprehensive visible and invisible friction caused by poor economic benefits, it is uneconomical to continue to use, and no overhaul and transformation of the value of the time.8, a factory purchased a new equipment to 50 thousand yuan, the use of a period of 10 years, the value of 0.15 yuan. The trial straight-line depreciation method, the use of computing devices to second years and eighth years total amount of depreciation method and double declining balance method?Solution:The straight-line method: D = x = 2 * 2 = 9 thousand and 700 yuanD = x = 8 * 8 = 38 thousand and 800 yuanThe total length: D = (P - S) = (5 - 0.15) = 7 thousand and 940 yuanD = (P - S) = (5 - 0.15) = 2 thousand and 650 yuanDouble declining balance method: r = 2 * * 2 = = 0.2D = rP (1 - R) = 0.2 x 5 x (1 - 0.2) = 8 thousand yuanD = rP (1 - R) = 0.2 x 5 x (1 - 0.2) = 2 thousand and 100 yuan10, the equipment purchase cost is 6000 yuan, the first year of the equipment operation cost is 400 yuan, after inferior equipment annual added value of 300 yuan, without consideration of the equipment for the residual value of its economic life?Solution: y = 400+ (T-1 +)= = - 0R T = = 6 yearsThe seventh chapter1, the project feasibility study and why?Answer: (1) the feasibility study is the basis for investment decision.(2) the feasibility study is determined on the basis of the construction project and the preparation of the book design.(3) the feasibility study is the construction project financing and bank loans to the basis.(4) the feasibility study is to sign the contract and agreement with the relevant units on the basis of.(5) the feasibility study is the basis for project construction license.(6) the foreign project feasibility study is the basis of the introduction of foreign technology, equipment and resources as well as foreign negotiation and signing contract.(7) construction project feasibility study is to further supplement and improve the basic information and carry out the experiment and Research on the basis of. As a further collection of design and construction data and carry out the middle test and industrial test etc..What are the 2 and the feasibility of the working procedure?Answer: (1) clear objectives(2) signed on the contract.(3) the investigation of market investigation and resources.(4) preferred sites, technical scheme, determine the production process.(5) determine the product plan, enterprise scale, organization, staffing and equipment selection.(6) prepare the project implementation schedule.(7) economic benefit analysis.(8) the feasibility research report.(9) the decision-making departments for approval.3, what is the financial evaluation?Answer: the financial evaluation, economic evaluation is also known as the enterprise, in the current taxation system and price system condition, analysis and calculate the project's financial profitability and solvency from the financial point of view, in order to determine the financial viability of the project.4, what is the national economic evaluation?Answer: the evaluation of the national economy, is in the premise of rational allocation of national resources, to analyze and calculate the net contribution to the national economy from the angle of the whole country, with economic rationality to judge project.。

工程经济学课后习题答案

工程经济学课后习题答案

.第一讲思考题及习题1. 为什么说工程经济学致力于项目技术性与经济性的完美结合?1.工程经济学是研究技术与经济相互关系的可续,根据社会生产实际及技术与经济发展水平,研究并寻找技术与经济相互促进、协调发展的途径。

2.技术是经济发展的重要手段,技术进步推进经济发展动力。

但技术在一定经济条件下产生和发展,技术要受到经济情况和条件的制约,经济需求是推动技术进步的动力。

3.技术与经济的这种相互依赖、相互促进的关系决定了在工程技术经济评价中,既要兼顾项目的技术性,选择符合国家政策、产业发展方向和环节相适应的技术能力项目,又要符合项目的经济性要求。

项目的经济性则根源于资源的稀缺性。

项目总是要以尽可能小的投入获得相同产出或满足同样的需要。

P9工程经济评价的基本原则:1. 技术性与经济性相结合2.可比性原则 3 定量分析与定性分析相结合,以定量分析为主的原则 4动态分析与静态分析相结合,以动态分析为主的原则2. 为什么说工程项目及其经济评价的特点决定了工程经济评价的思路与工程经济学的内容设置?工程经济评价要完成对未实施项目的经济评价工作,且是资本性支出的经济方面,决定了工程经济评价的内容设置。

建设项目投资具有投资金额大、回收期长两个基本特点,项目的经济评价特别是项目可行性分析需要对项目未来现金流量进行预测或估算,具有预测性,三个特点结合起来共同决定了工程经济评价的思路与工程经济学的内容设置:1. 对象是建设项目投资,其特点是投资金额大、投资回收期长,需对项目进行专门性的经济评价工作,还需在此基础上进行国民经济评价、区域经济评价和社会影响评价,决定了工程经济评价在内容上的设置财务评价、国民经济评价、区域经济评价和社会影响评价的依据。

2. 不同时间点发生的现金流量不具备直接汇总或抵消的基础,需要解决现金流量的等值换算问题,这就是设置资金等值换算的依据。

3. 工程经济学分析的是对未来实施项目的经济方面进行评价,对项目未来的现金流量进行预测,获得项目未来的费用和收益,以及项目的相关初步情况,工程经济评价在内容上设置财务效益与费用估算、资金筹措与资金成本分析、项目费用效果分析等。

工程经济学课后答案6-10

工程经济学课后答案6-10

第六章 现金流量法(二)——多方案评价1.不同类型的技术方案如何进行比较和选择?2.某项目净现金流量见表6-15,若基准贴现率为12%,要求: (1)计算静态投资回收期、净现值、净现值率、净年值、内部收益率和动态投资回收期。

(2)画出累计净现金流量现值曲线。

表6-15 项目净现金流量(单位:万元)3.已知A 、B 为两个独立项目方案,其净现金流量见表6-16,若基准贴现率为12%,试按净现值和内部收益率指标判断他们的经济性。

表6-16 A 、B方案净现金流量(单位:万元)4.已知A 、B 方案为两个互斥项目方案,其有关资料见表6-17,在基准收益率为15%时,哪个方案为优?表6-16 A、B方案的有关资料(单位:万元)5.拟建运动看台,设计部门提出两种方案。

方案甲:钢筋混凝土建造,投资35万元,每年保养费2 000元;乙方案:木造,其中泥土填实,投资20万元,以后每3年油漆一次需1万元,每12年更换座位需4万元,36年全部木造部分拆除更新需10万元,其中泥土部分不变,利率为5%,在永久使用的情况下,哪个方案经济?(原1~4题答案略)1.解答:根据方案的性质不同,技术方案一般分为三种类型:互斥方案、独立方案和相关方案。

(1)互斥方案。

它的选择一般先以绝对经济效益方法筛选方案,然后以相对经济效益方法优选方案。

但是,无论如何,参加比较的方案,不论是寿命期相等的方案,还是寿命期不等的方案,不论使用何种评价指标,都必须满足方案间具有可比性的要求。

①在计算期相同的互斥方案的评价选择中可采用差额净现值、差额收益率、净现值和最小费用法判据选择评价。

②如果其寿命期不相同,为了满足时间上的可比的要求,需要对各被选方案的计算期和计算公式进行适当的处理,使各方案在相同的条件下进行比较,才能得出合理的结论。

常用的方法有年值法、最小公倍数法和研究期法。

(2)独立方案。

①资金不限情况下的方案选择。

当企业或投资部门有足够的资金可供使用,此时独立方案的选择,可采用单个方案评价判据,即:NPV>0或内部收益率i’c>i基时,方案可以采纳。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

工程经济学第二版王艳丽课后答案
1、.(年浙江省第二次联考)会计是一种()[单选题] *
A经济监督的工具
B管理生产与耗费的工具
C、生财、聚财、用财的方法
D管理经济的活动(正确答案)
2、.(年浙江省高职考)下列项目中,不属于企业会计核算对象的经济活动是()[单选题] *
A购买设备
B请购原材料(正确答案)
C接受捐赠
D利润分配
3、企业专设销售机构发生的办公费应计入()科目。

[单选题] *
A.管理费用
B.财务费用
C.制造费用
D.销售费用(正确答案)
4、企业发生的公益捐赠支出应计入()。

[单选题] *
A.销售费用
B.营业外支出(正确答案)
C.其他业务成本
D.财务费用
5、企业购入的生产设备达到预定可使用状态前,其发生的专业人员服务费用计入()科目。

[单选题] *
A.“固定资产”
B.“制造费用”
C.“在建工程”(正确答案)
D.“工程物资”
6、小规模纳税企业购入原材料取得的增值税专用发票上注明:货款20 000元。

增值税2 600元,在购入材料的过程中另支付包装费500元。

则该企业原材料的入账价值为()元。

[单选题] *
A.19 500
B.20 500
C.22 600
D.23 100(正确答案)
7、企业自创的专利权与非专利技术,其研究开发过程中发生的支出,应当区分研究阶段支
出与开发阶段支出分别处理。

无法区分研究阶段支出和开发阶段支出,应当将其所发生的研发支出全部费用化,计入当期损益中的()。

[单选题] *
A.管理费用(正确答案)
B.财务费用
C.营业外支出
D.销售费用
8、当法定盈余公积达到注册资本的()时,可以不再提取。

[单选题] *
A.10%
B.20%
C.50%(正确答案)
D.30%
9、下列固定资产当月应计提折旧的有()。

[单选题] *
A.以经营租赁方式租出的汽车(正确答案)
B.当月购入并投入使用的机器
C.已提足折旧的厂房
D.单独计价入账的土地
10、专利权有法定有效期限,一般发明专利的有效期限为()。

[单选题] *
A.5年
B.10年
C.15年
D.20年(正确答案)
11、2018年12月31日,甲公司某项固定资产计提减值准备前的账面价值为1 000万元,公允价值为980万元,预计处置费用为80万元,预计未来现金流量的现值为1 050万元。

2018年12月31日,甲公司应对该项固定资产计提的减值准备为()万元。

[单选题] *
A.0(正确答案)
B.20
C.50
D.100
12、行政人员出差回来报销的差旅费,应该计入()科目。

[单选题] *
A.管理费用(正确答案)
B.财务费用
C.制造费用
D.销售费用
13、.(年浙江省第二次联考)会计人员的职业道德规范不包括()[单选题] *
A操守为重、不做假账(正确答案)
B爱岗敬业、诚实守信
C、廉洁自律、客观公正
D坚持准则、提高技能
14、企业的下列固定资产中,不计提折旧的是()。

[单选题] *
A.闲置的房屋
B.租入的设备
C.临时出租的设备
D.已提足折旧仍继续使用的设备(正确答案)
15、下列各项中,不会引起无形资产账面价值发生增减变动的是()。

[单选题] *
A.对无形资产计提减值准备
B.转让无形资产使用权(正确答案)
C.摊销无形资产
D.转让无形资产所有权
16、企业开出的商业汇票为银行承兑汇票,其无力支付票款时,应将应付票据的票面金额转作()。

[单选题] *
A.应付账款
B.其他应付款
C.预付账款
D.短期借款(正确答案)
17、企业对应付的商业承兑汇票,如果到期不能足额付款,在会计处理上应将其转作()。

[单选题] *
A.应付账款(正确答案)
B.其他应付款
C.预付账款
D.短期借款
18、用盈余公积弥补亏损时,应借记“盈余公积”,贷记()。

[单选题] *
A.“利润分配——未分配利润”
B.“利润分配——提取盈余公积”
C.“本年利润”
D.“利润分配——盈余公积补亏”(正确答案)
19、某企业自创一项专利,并经过有关部门审核注册获得其专利权。

该项专利权的研究开发费为15万元,其中开发阶段符合资本化条件的支出8万元;发生的注册登记费2万元,律师费1万元。

该项专利权的入账价值为()。

[单选题] *
A.15万元
B.21万元
C.11万元(正确答案)
D.18万元
20、实收资本的增减与变动超过注册资本的(),应持资金使用证明或者验资证明向原登记机关申请变更登记。

[单选题] *
A.10%
B.15%
C.20%(正确答案)
D.30%
21、企业摊销自用的无形资产时,借记“管理费用”科目,贷记()科目。

[单选题] *
A.“投资收益”
B.“累计摊销”(正确答案)
C.“营业外收入”
D.“无形资产”
22、企业在转销已经确认无法支付的应付账款时,应贷记的会计科目是()。

[单选题] *
A.其他业务收入
B.营业外收入(正确答案)
C.盈余公积
D.资本公积
23、商标权有法定有效期限,一般商标权的有效期限为()。

[单选题] *
A.5年
B.10年(正确答案)
C.15年
D.20年
24、甲公司的注册资本为1 000万元,2019年5月10日接受乙公司专利权进行投资。

该专利权的账面价值为420万元,双方协议约定的价值为440万元(协议约定价值公允),占甲公司注册资本的20%,则甲公司接受乙公司投资的专利权入账价值()万元。

[单选题] *
A.200
B.430
C.420
D.440(正确答案)
25、下列属于成本费用的是()。

[单选题] *
A.管理费用
B.财务费用
C.主营业务成本(正确答案)
D.销售费用
26、.(年宁波二模考)根据权责发生制原则,以下属于本期的收入或费用的是()[单选题] *
A支付明年的房屋租金
B本期已经收款,但商品尚未制造完成
C当期按照税法规定预缴的税费
D商品在本期销售,但货款尚未收到(正确答案)
27、.(年浙江省高职考)下列各项中,属于会计对经济活动进行事中核算的主要形式的是()[单选题] *
A预测
B决策
C计划
D控制(正确答案)
28、下列交易和事项中,不应确认为营业外支出的是()。

[单选题] *
A.对外捐赠支出
B.债务重组损失
C.计提的存货跌价准备(正确答案)
D.处置报废固定资产损失
29、某企业2018年6月期初固定资产原值10 500万元。

6月增加了一项固定资产入账价值为750万元;同时6月减少了固定资产原值150万元;则6月份该企业应提折旧的固定资产原值为( )万元。

[单选题] *
A.1 1100
B.10 650
C.10 500(正确答案)
D.10 350
30、.(年浙江省第一次联考)中国现代会计学之父潘序伦先生倡导“信以立志,信以守身,信以处事,信以待人,毋忘“立信',当必有成”,这句话体现的会计职业道德内容是()[单选题] *
A坚持准则
B客观公正
C诚实守信(正确答案)
D廉洁自律。

相关文档
最新文档