人教版初三英语现在完成时的句型用法及例句

现在完成时 一． 构成

助动词 have/has + 过去分词 例:肯定句 I have worked. He has worked. 否定句 I have not (haven't ) worked. He has not (hasn't )worked . 疑问句 Have you worked ? Has he worked ? 回答Yes，I have. / No , I haven't . Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't.

二． 功能及意义 1. 表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰： ever曾经， never从不， already已经， yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中）， just刚刚， recently，lately近来， so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now， before 以前

例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。 We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭 I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。 I haven't found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑） 你做作业了吗？ Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止 还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过

2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用： →for + 一段时间 I have learned English for 8 years →since + 过去的一个时间点 I have learned English since 2001 →since + 一段时间+ ago I have learned English since 8 years ago →since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句 I have learned English since I was 5 years old → in the past/last +时间段 We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

三 延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法 现在完成时中， 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。

我离开这所学校已经八年了。 误 ： I have left this school for eight years（×） 他借用我的词典已经两天了 误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（×）

非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化 因此中例句正确形式分别为 我离开这所学校已经八年了。 正 ： I have been away from this school for eight years（√） 他借用我的词典已经两天了 正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（√）

其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形 buy→have borrow→ keep, fall asleep →be asleep leave →be away begin →be on die →be dead, join→ be in或be a member of return→ be back come/arrive→ be in get up →be up, marry →be married catch a cold→ have a cold

在否定句中短暂性动词可与短时间连用 I haven't gone to see him for several months（ 我已经好几个月没有去看他了） I haven't bought anything for two months

四 区分 have been to +地点; 表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever, never ,几次，等连用

have gone to +地点: 表示到地方去了（还没回来） have been in+地点： 表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与 for + 段时间连用 比较：He has been to China twice(曾经去过,现在不在中国） He has gone to China 他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，现在不在这里） He has been in China for two years(他到中国已经两年了）

五 对完成时的提问用 how long.....? 不能用 when... ? 六 现在完成时常用句型 1 It is the first/second time....that....结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时 It is the first time that I have visited the city 这是我第一次参观这座城市 It is the third time that the boy has been late 这是这个男生第三次迟到了

2 This is the... that.. 结构，that 从句要用现在完成时 This is the best film that I 've (ever) seen 这是我看过的最好的电影 This is the first time that I've heard him sing 这是我第一次听他唱歌

3 It is / It has been + 时间段+ since ... It has been/ It's 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了 It's / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3个月了

4 一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句 Two years has passed since I came here. 七 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1998 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用 I have seen the film 我看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容） I saw the film last week 我上周看了这部电影（只说明上星期）

1._____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we __________(do) that already. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago. 2.______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes，he has. When _____ he _____(see) it? He ______ it last week. 3. How many times _____you______(be) there? 4. I __________ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 5. She _________(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ______ she _______(go) there? She _______(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _______________(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen ______(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen __________(give) up smoking since last year. 选用 for和 since填空: 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time.

用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空。 1 Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year. 2 Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop. 3 ______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never. 4 Where _____ you ______ these days? 5 Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _______ here for several days. 6 Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________. 7 Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei is looking for you.