资源、工程与环境地球物理

Editorial

Applications

Protection

Suping Peng a State Key Laboratory b

School of Earth Sciences,Urbanization is an inevitable trend in the modernization of human society.The Chinese government has put forward a goal for urbanization in China in 2014,which focuses on the three tasks,y each containing 100million people.In the next 10years,China’s urbanization process will occur at the fastest rate in her his-tory.Earth’s near surface,which extends from the ground surface to a depth of nearly 100m,is the most complex,sensitive,and fragile part of the planet.The near surface provides the vast majority of nec-essary materials,along with substantial space for human living.Therefore,China’s urbanization relies on a ‘‘healthy”and sustainable near surface.

With broad applications in environmental and engineering ?elds,geophysical techniques are of great signi?cance in the sus-tainable development of the near surface.Geophysical techniques with high accuracy and high resolution (i.e.,centimeter to meter magnitude)are now available to solve various engineering and environmental problems.However,the increasing demands for resources,near-surface space usage,and environmental protection that come with the next wave of China’s urbanization require advanced noninvasive,nondestructive,and environmentally friendly geophysical techniques that can be used in a noisy urban environment and that possess higher accuracy and higher resolution.

To promote the communication of new technical advances,developments,and applications in environmental and engineering

cessful example of a high-resolution technique using the wide-?eld electromagnetic method and the ?ow ?eld ?tting method in order to assess a complicated old goaf and unknown water distribution.Ground-penetrating radar (GPR)is a popular tool in near-surface geophysics;however,it is limited by its penetrating depth and by uneven ground surfaces in real-world applications.Here,John H.Bradford et al.introduce a reverse-time migration algorithm for GPR data in which the wave?eld extrapolation is computed directly from the acquisition surface without the need for datuming.In case studies,the algorithm shows improvement over a processing sequence in which migration is performed after elevation statics.Active seismic techniques still play an important role in near-surface applications.Edward W.Woolery uses the SH-mode seismic-re?ection imaging of earth-?ll dams at two sites in the central United States to demonstrate the SH-mode seismic-re?ection technique.Imaging the internal structural detail and geological foundation conditions of earth-?ll embankment dams can improve the overall subsurface de?nition needed for remedial engineering in a cost-effective manner.

Passive seismic techniques are receiving increasing attention in the near-surface community,and show great potential for solving environmental and engineering problems in urban environments.In this issue,Feng Cheng et al.demonstrate the feasibility of extending the frequency band of dispersion measurement by simultaneously imposing an active source during continuous pas-sive surface-wave observation.They also show that a short-dura-tion (i.e.,within 10min)passive surface-wave survey is feasible and stable in an urban environment using the multichannel analy-sis of passive surface waves method.

Source location is a key element of such techniques,and its accuracy has a great impact on the performance of the techniques.Guangdong Song et al.present their results on the effects of geo-phone distribution,?rst-arrival time picking,and the velocity

y

These tasks are:①grant urban residency to 100million people who have moved to cities from rural areas;②rebuild rundown areas and ‘‘villages”within cities where 100million people are currently living;and ③guide the process of urbanization for 100million people in the central and western regions.

model on mine microseismic source location,and propose mea-sures to in?uence these factors.

Case studies are presented in this issue that show the impor-tance of near-surface geophysics in infrastructure construction and environmental protection.Jeffrey G.Paine et al.present a case study of spatial discrimination of complex,low-relief Quaternary siliciclastic strata using airborne lidar and near-surface geophysics,and propose an optimal approach to identify lithologic and stratigraphic distribution in low-relief coastal-plain environments.

We would like to thank the authors of each of the papers in this issue for their effort and time in preparing these manuscripts.We also thank the many peer reviewers,who have had a signi?cant impact on the quality of this issue.

S.Peng et al./Engineering4(2018)584–585585

Engineering 2 (2016) xxx–xxx

Editorial

资源、工程与环境地球物理

彭苏萍a ，夏江海b ，程久龙a

a State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China b

School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China

城镇化是人类社会现代化的必然趋势，对此国家提出了“三个一亿人”的城镇化目标。未来十年，我国城镇化进程将以史上最快速度提升。而地球从地面延伸到约100 m 深度的近地表空间，是地球上最复杂、最敏感、最脆弱的部分，为人类生存提供了大量必要资源和巨大空间。因此，中国的城镇化需要一个健康的和可持续的近地表空间。

随着地球物理技术在环境与工程领域的广泛应用，其对近地表可持续发展具有重要的意义。目前，高精度、高分辨率（即厘米到米级）的地球物理技术虽然可以解决各种工程和环境地质问题，然而，随着中国城镇化的下一波浪潮对资源、近地表空间利用以及环境保护的需求日益增长，先进的非接触式、无损和环境友好型地球物理技术必不可少，并要求这些技术能用于城市强噪声环境中，且具有更高的精度和分辨率。

为了促进环境与工程地球物理新技术的进步、发展及应用交流，我们特邀六位作者向本期专题投稿。这六

篇论文主要是作者发表在第七届环境与工程地球物理国际学术会议中的摘要的扩展和完善，且几乎涵盖了最近几年近地表地球物理方法及其应用的主要研究领域，内容介绍如下：

高分辨率电磁技术对近地表勘探至关重要，何继善利用广域电磁法及流场拟合技术，成功地进行了一个复杂老采空区的高分辨率探测并评估了其水量分布规律。

探地雷达（GPR ）是近地表地球物理探测中常用的一种方法，但由于探测深度和地形起伏的影响，限制了它在实际中的应用。John Bradford 等介绍了一种适用于探地雷达数据处理的逆时偏移算法，可直接从地表进行波场延拓而不需要计算基准面。结合实际应用证实该算法优于先进行地面高程静校正再偏移成像的方法。

主动源地震技术在近地表勘查中一直占据重要地位。Edward Woolery 利用地震SH 波反射成像技术，通过对美国中部的两个土石坝探查来研究地震SH 波成像效果。文中对填土堤坝内部精细结构和地质基础条件的成像研究，为修复工程提供了所需的地下信息且经济成本低。

被动地震技术在近地表勘探中正受到越来越多的关注，并在解决城市环境与工程问题方面显示出巨大的潜力。程逢等论证了在连续被动源面波观测中同时施加主动源以拓宽频散测量频带的可行性。并证明利用被动源面波的多通道分析方法，在城市环境中进行短时（<10 min

）被动源面波勘探是一种可行且稳定的

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Engineering

643 Author name et al. / Engineering 2(2016) xxx–xxx

方法。

震源定位是微震技术的关键，其准确性关系到方法的应用效果。程久龙等探讨了检波器排列、初至时间拾取和速度模型在矿山微震震源定位中的影响，并提出了针对这些影响因素的优化处理方法，同时提出了矿山微震精确定位的发展方向，探讨了深度学习等在矿山微震定位中的应用前景。

实际应用研究表明了近地表地球物理在基础设施建设和环境保护方面的重要性，Jeffrey Paine等开展了利用机载激光雷达和近地表地球物理方法对复杂、低幅度第四纪硅质碎屑岩层进行空间识别的研究，并提出了一种识别低幅度海滨平原环境中岩性和地层分布的优化方案。

感谢本专题每位作者在论文撰写中所花费的时间和精力。还要感谢许多同行审稿人提出的中肯论文修改建议以及对提高期刊质量做出的贡献。