Idioms
idioms 讲义
•Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。
• A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend.戏谑不能化敌为友，只能使人失去朋友。
•All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。
•Better late than never.不怕慢，单怕站。
•Everything is good when new, but friends when old.东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。
•Heaven never helps the man who will not act.自己不动，叫天何用。
• A man can do no more than he can.凡事都应量力而行。
• A man cannot spin and reel at the same time.一心不能二用。
• A man without money is no man at all.一分钱难倒英雄汉。
•Don't have too many irons in the fire.不要揽事过多。
•Let the cat out of the bag.泄漏天机。
•One cannot put back the clock.时钟不能倒转。
•Health is better than wealth.健康胜过财富。
• A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend.戏谑不能化敌为友，只能使人失去朋友。
•All that ends well is well.结果好，就一切都好。
•Better late than never.不怕慢，单怕站。
•Everything is good when new, but friends when old.东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。
•Heaven never helps the man who will not act.自己不动，叫天何用。
Idioms 英语习语,谚语英汉解释
Unit 11) Burn the midnight oil熬夜读书，开夜车To study or work until late at night.2) Hit the books用功读书，与熬夜无关To study, especially with particular intensity3) Do back-breaking work劳累至极腰酸背痛的工作To do some physically difficult work and makes you very tired.4) Work like a dog拼命工作To work very hard.5) Fall down on the job敷衍了事，没做好工作Be incapable for a work.6) Work one’s fingers to the bone非常努力的工作To work very hard.Unit 21) Be a breeze像一缕清风一样很容易做 A thing that is easy to do.2) Have a green thumb擅长园艺To be good at gardening.3) Be easy as pie小菜一碟，小事一桩To be very easy.4) Have a golden touch点石成金，无所不能It means that you can do anything that you want to do.5) Have two left feet笨手笨脚To be very awkward in your movements, especially when you are dancing or playing a sport.6) Have a nose for something善于发现某物，有洞察力To be perspective and good at discovering.Unit 31) Down to earth脚踏实地，实事求是To do something with no illusions or pretensions, sensible and practical. 2) Think one is god’s gift to mankind自以为了不起，自负To think oneself is really something in some areas; conceited.3) Show off炫耀To show one’s ability with pride to anyone.4) Put someone in someone’s place安分守己To make someone do his own duty and abide by the law.5) Put on airs摆架子，摆谱It means someone is conceited in order to show his identity.6) Blow one’s own horn自吹自擂，自我吹嘘To brag about oneself.Unit 4言归于好，和解，摒弃前嫌To stop being unfriendly and become friends again.2) Button one’s lips一言不发，守口如瓶To refuse to talk and be silenced.3) Flow with the tide跟风，紧随潮流To keep following someone or the trend.4) Hold one’s tongue保持沉默，不开口To say nothing about something and stay silent.5) Let sleeping dogs lie别无事生非，招惹麻烦To avoid mentioning a subject or something that happened in the past, in order to avoid any problems or arguments.6) Mind one’s own business少管闲事，管好自己To concern oneself only with what is of interest to oneself and not interfere in the affairs of others.7) Rock the boat捣乱To do something that upsets a situation and causes problems.8) See eye to eye看法完全一致，完全同意To share the same views as somebody about something.Unit 51) Face up to something勇敢的面对To accept and deal with something that is difficult or unpleasant.2) Point one’s finger at someone指责某人To accuse somebody .3) Leave someone high and dry使某人很无助To leave someone unsupported and unable to maneuver; to leave someone helpless.4) Shoulder the responsibility能够承担责任To take responsibility.5) Pass the buck推卸责任To shirk the responsibility.6) Worm out of something推卸摆脱某事To get rid of somethingUnit 61) All or nothing孤注一掷的，没有商量余地 A situation which will end either in complete success or complete failureHaving no middle position or compromise available2) Meet someone halfway向某人妥协To compromise to somebody3) Give-and-take妥协，互让，互相迁就To have an exchange of views on some topic in order to make mutual concessions 4) Middle-of-the-road折中的办法，折中之计 A compromising solution that can be accepted by most people5) Stick to one’s guns固执己见To maintain one’s position or viewpoint when faced with opposition6) Find middle ground寻求找到一个中间立场 A set of opinions and decisions that two or more groups who oppose each other can agree on1) Go through with经历困难而完成，把事情坚持到底To do something even though it may be very unpleasant or difficult for you2) Hang in there坚持，不气馁，不畏困难To maintain a course of action despite negative outlook; to persist; to subsist while keeping high spirits 3) Give up放弃To stop trying to do something4) Stick with坚持做某事To continue or persist; to stick to5) Sweat out努力的忍耐以达到某个目的To work very hard to achieve somethingUnit 81) Be a copycat模仿别人To imitate or copy others2) Cut the apron strings摆脱依赖，独立生活To be or become impossible to manage or to control3) Be a yes-man唯唯诺诺的人To be a person who always agrees with people in authority in order to gain their approval.4) Have a mind of one’s own自有主见，能够独立思考To have one’s own idea and think independently5) Be on one’s own独立自主，不依靠他人To be independent6) Lead someone by the nose牵着别人的鼻子走，完全控制别人To have a full control of somebody7) Stand on one’s own two feet独立自主，自力更生To be independentUnit 91) Be as cool as a cucumber表示非常冷静，毫不紧张。
Idioms英语习语，谚语英汉解释
Unit 11) Burn the midnight oil熬夜读书，开夜车T o study or work until late at night.2) Hit the books用功读书，与熬夜无关T o study, especially with particular intensity3) Do back-breaking work劳累至极腰酸背痛的工作T o do some physically difficult work and makes you very tired.4) Work like a dog拼命工作T o work very hard.5) Fall down on the job敷衍了事，没做好工作Be incapable for a work.6) Work one’s fingers to the bone非常努力的工作T o work very hard.Unit 21) Be a breeze像一缕清风一样很容易做 A thing that is easy to do.2) Have a green thumb擅长园艺T o be good at gardening.3) Be easy as pie小菜一碟，小事一桩T o be very easy.4) Have a golden touch点石成金，无所不能It means that you can do anything that you want to do.5) Have two left feet笨手笨脚T o be very awk ward in your movements, especially when you are dancing or playing a sport.6) Have a nose for something善于发现某物，有洞察力T o be perspective and good at discovering.Unit 31) Down to earth脚踏实地，实事求是T o do something with no illusions or pretensions, sensible and practical. 2) Think one is god’s gift to mankind自以为了不起，自负T o think oneself is really something in some areas; conceited.3) Show off炫耀T o show one’s ability with pride to anyone.4) Put someone in someone’s place安分守己T o make someone do his own duty and abide by the law.5) Put on airs摆架子，摆谱It means someone is conceited in order to show his identity.6) Blow one’s own horn自吹自擂，自我吹嘘T o brag about oneself.Unit 4言归于好，和解，摒弃前嫌T o stop being unfriendly and become friends again.2) Button one’s lips一言不发，守口如瓶T o refuse to talk and be silenced.3) Flow with the tide跟风，紧随潮流T o keep following someone or the trend.4) Hold one’s tongue保持沉默，不开口T o say nothing about something and stay silent.5) Let sleeping dogs lie别无事生非，招惹麻烦To avoid mentioning a subject or something that happened in the past, in order to avoid any problems or arguments.6) Mind one’s own business少管闲事，管好自己To concern oneself only with what is of interest to oneself and not interfere in the affairs of others.7) Rock the boat捣乱T o do something that upsets a situation and causes problems.8) See eye to eye看法完全一致，完全同意T o share the same views as somebody about something.Unit 51) Face up to something勇敢的面对T o accept and deal with something that is difficult or unpleasant.2) Point one’s finger at someone指责某人T o accuse somebody .3) Leave someone high and dry使某人很无助To leave someone unsupported and unable to maneuver; to leave someone helpless.4) Shoulder the responsibility能够承担责任T o take responsibility.5) Pass the buck推卸责任T o shirk the responsibility.6) Worm out of something推卸摆脱某事T o get rid of somethingUnit 61) All or nothing孤注一掷的，没有商量余地 A situation which will end either in complete success or complete failureHaving no middle position or compromise available2) Meet someone halfway向某人妥协T o compromise to somebody3) Give-and-take妥协，互让，互相迁就T o have an exchange of views on some topic in order to make mutual concessions 4) Middle-of-the-road折中的办法，折中之计 A compromising solution that can be accepted by most people5) Stick to one’s guns固执己见T o maintain one’s position or viewpoint when faced with opposition6) Find middle ground寻求找到一个中间立场 A set of opinions and deci s ions that t w o or more groups w ho oppose each other can agree on1) Go through with经历困难而完成，把事情坚持到底To do something even though it may be very unpleasant or difficult for you2) Hang in there坚持，不气馁，不畏困难T o maintain a course of action despite negati v e outlook; to persist; to subsi s t while keeping high spirits 3) Give up放弃T o stop trying to do something4) Stick with坚持做某事T o continue or persist; to stick to5) Sweat out努力的忍耐以达到某个目的T o work very hard to achieve somethingUnit 81) Be a copycat模仿别人T o imitate or copy others2) Cut the apron strings摆脱依赖，独立生活T o be or become impossible to manage or to control3) Be a yes-man唯唯诺诺的人To be a person who always agrees with people in authority in order to gain their approval.4) Have a mind of one’s own自有主见，能够独立思考T o have one’s own idea and think independently5) Be on one’s own独立自主，不依靠他人T o be independent6) Lead someone by the nose牵着别人的鼻子走，完全控制别人To have a full control of somebody7) Stand on one’s own two feet独立自主，自力更生T o be independentUnit 91) Be as cool as a cucumber表示非常冷静，毫不紧张。
词组idioms中英文
abandon oneself to沉溺于with abandon放任地，放纵地；纵情地to the best of one’s ability尽白己最大努力be about to (do) keep abreast of 刚要，即将与...并进, 跟上, 不落后于in the abstract in abundance 抽象地，在理论上丰富，充裕，(生活)优裕by accident偶然of one’s own accord出于自愿，主动地in accord with与…一致，与…相符合with one accord一致地，一致同意地in accordance with与…一致，依照，根据according to据…所说，按…所载；根据，按照of no account不重要的on account of为了…的缘故，因为，由于on no account绝不，绝对不take account of考虑到，顾及，体谅take …into account见take account ofaccuse sb of sth in the act of 正做…的过程中正在动作时；当场out of action be addicted to 不（再）起作用，不（再）运转嗜好，嗜爱in addition另外，加之in addition to除…之外（还）in advance在前面；预先，事先take advantage of 利用，占…的便宜to advantage有利地，使优点突出地again and again再三地，反复不止地ahead of比…提前，比…更早clear the air 消除误会（或猜疑等）in the air流传中off the air停播on the air广播up in the air悬而未决的on the alert警戒着，随时准备着，密切注意着above all首先，尤其是after all毕竟，终究，究竟all but几乎，差不多；除了…都all in all从各方面说，总的说来all over到处，遍及at all〔用于否定句〕丝毫，一点for all尽管，虽然in allin all/good conscience in all probability 总共，合计〔口语〕真的，当然很可能，大概，多半，十之八九make allowance(s) for考虑到，顾及；体谅，原谅leave alone不打扰，不惊动let alone不打扰，不惊动；更别提all along始终，一直along with by analogy 和…一道，和…一起照此类推one after another一个接一个，相继one another互相in answer to作为对…的回答anything but绝对不anything like〔否定、疑问、条件句中〕完全像for anything〔否定句中〕无论如何apart from 除…之外（别无）；除…之外（尚有）to all appearances就外表看来, 根据观察推断on approval（商品）供试用的, 包退包换的arm in arm臂挽臂as…as像…一样as for/to至于，关于as if/though好像，仿佛as it is实际上as it were可以说，在某种程度上aside from除…之外（别无)；除…之外（尚有）pay attention to注意on (the/an) average按平均值，通常avail oneself of (an opportunity) right awaybe/stand in awe of 利用(时机)，趁(机会)立刻，马上敬畏，怕back and forth来回地，反复地(in) back of在…的后面，在…背后behind sb’s back背着某人，暗中turn one’s back on轻视，不理睬know…backward(s)对…极其熟悉go from bad to worse每况愈下badly off贫困的，境况不好的in the balance（生命等）在危急状态中，（命运等）未定off balance不平衡behind bars在狱中drive a hard bargain杀价，迫使对方接受苛刻条件keep/hold sth at bay使无法近身have a bearing on与…有关，对…有影响beat it跑掉，走开，溜走because of因为，由于become of使遭遇，发生于go to bed就寝to begin with首先，第一on/in behalf of代表，为了bring into being使出现，使存在come into being出现，形成beyond belief难以置信bend over backwards竭尽全力beside oneself 极度兴奋，对自己的感情失去控制at best充其量，至多do/try one’s best尽力，努力get/ have the best of战胜had best应当，最好make the best of充分利用better off境况好起来，生活优裕起来for the better好转，向好的方向发展get/have the better of战胜，在…中占上风had better应该，还是…好in between在中间，介乎两者之间fill the bill符合要求，适合需要a bird in (the) hand 已到手的东西，已定局的事情kill two birds with one stone 一箭双雕，一举两得give birth to生（孩子），产（仔）；产生a bit多少，有点儿，相当bit by bit一点一点地do one’s bit做自己份内的事every bit从头到尾，完全black and blue青一块紫一块in black and white白纸黑字be to blame该受责备的，应承担责任的(at) full blast大力地，全速地turn a blind eye (to) on the blink （对…）视而不见〔俚语〕(机器等)出毛病，需要修理；(人)不舒服in cold blood残忍地come to blows动手打起来，开始互殴out of the blue出乎意外地，突然across the board包括一切地，全面地above board光明正大的，公开的on board在船（车或飞机）上in the same boat处境相同，面临同样的危险a bolt from/out of the blue晴天霹雳，意外事件have a bone to pick with与…争辩make no bones about对…毫不犹豫，对…直言不讳by the book按规则，依照惯例both…and不仅…而且，…和…（两者）都be bound up in热衷于，忙于be bound up with与…有密切关系know no bounds不知限量，无限pick sb’s brains向…请教rack one’s brains绞尽脑汁，苦苦地动脑筋make a clean breast of彻底坦白，把…和盘托出catch one’s breath喘息，气喘；歇口气；屏息hold one’s breath屏息out of breath喘不过气来take sb’s breath away使惊羡不已under one’s breath压着嗓子，低声地in briefon the brink of 简言之，简单地说即将要，濒临，在…的边缘in bulkburst upon/on sth 大量，大批突然出现；袭击beat around/about the bush转弯抹角，旁敲侧击get down to business认真着手办事go out of business歇业have no business无权，没有理由in business经商，经营mind your own business管好你自己的事，少管闲事on business因公，因事mean business是认真的but for倘没有，要不是cannot but不得不；不能不，不禁要on the button准确地，准时地by and by不久，迟早by and large大体上，总的来说by the by顺便提一句a piece of cake容易的事capable of有…能力（或技能）的；能…的，有…可能的take care当心，注意take care of爱护，照料take care overa case in point有关的事例，例证in any case无论如何，不管怎样in case假使，以防（万一）in case of假使，如果发生；防备in no case无论如何不，决不for certain肯定地，确切地by chance偶然，碰巧by any chance万一，也许stand a chance of有…的希望take a chance冒险，投机in character（与自身特性）相符out of character（与自身特性）不相符in charge (of)管理，负责take charge charge sb with sth 开始管理，接管托付，使…负担；使负…的罪名，认为有…的嫌疑；使受…的责备in checkin chorusin collaboration with 受抑制的，受控制的合唱；异口同声地与…合作[合著、合编]；与…勾结under no circumstances无论如何不，决不in/under the circumstances在这种情况下，（情况）既然如此lay claim towith the click of a mouse 声称对…有权利轻点鼠标；轻松地round the clock日夜不停地come/draw to a close渐近结束commit a crime in common 共用的，共有的共通，共同，(与…)同样keep…company陪伴part company (with)（与…）分离，（与…）断绝关系beyond/without compare无与伦比by/in comparison相比之下in comparison with与…比较起来be composed of由…组成as/so far as…be concerned就…而言in concert一齐，一致on condition (that)如果out of condition健康不佳in confidence私下地，秘密地take into one’s confidence把…作为知己in conjunction with与…共同，连同in connection with关于，与…有关in (all/good) conscience凭良心，公平地on one’s conscience引起某人悔恨（或内疚）的by common consent经一致同意in consequence因此，结果in consequence of由于，因为…的缘故in consideration of考虑到，由于；作为对…的酬报take into consideration考虑到，顾及hold in contempt on the contrary 正相反反之，正相反to the contrary相反的（地）by/in contrast对比之下in contrast to/with与…对比起来，与…形成对比in control (of)掌握着，控制着out of control 失去控制under control处于控制之中to the core透顶的，十足的around/round the corner临近，在附近cut corners走捷径，省钱（或人力、时间等）turn the corner出现转机at all costs不惜任何代价，无论如何at the cost of以…为代价keep one’s own counsel将意见（或计划）保密in the course of在…期间，在…过程中in due course到时候，在今后适当时候of coursego to court by courtesy of 当然，自然觐见由于…好意，蒙…特许take cover隐蔽under cover秘密地，暗地里like crazy见like madto sb’s credit在（某人）名下；（某人）值得赞扬a far cry from与…相差很远on cue恰好在这时候take one’s cue from cure sb of sth 学…的样，听…的劝告治愈；改掉…的(毛病, 恶习)out of date过时的，不用的to date迄今为止up to date现代化的，切合目前情况的call it a day今天到此为止day and night见night and dayday in, day out日复一日，每天（不间断地）one day有朝一日，（过去）某一天to a/the day恰好，一天不差turn a deaf ear不愿听，充耳不闻a good/great deal大量；非常，极其put to death杀死，处死to death极，非常in debt欠债，负债in sb’s debt in default of in defiance of 欠某人的人情因无…，若缺少…时，若没有…时无视，不顾，不管by degrees渐渐地，逐渐地to some degree有点，稍微take (a) delight in以…为乐in demand非常需要的，受欢迎的on demand一经要求in depth深入地，彻底地out of one’s depth非…所能理解，为…所不及go into detail(s)详细叙述，逐一说明in detail详细地leave to one’s own devices听任…自便，让…自行发展on a diet节食make a difference有影响，起（重要）作用in disgrace in disguise 伪装，假扮假装的；伪装的at sb’s disposal任某人处理，供某人使用in dispute在争论中，处于争议中in the distance在远处keep at a distance对…冷淡，同…疏远out of doors在户外beyond (a) doubt无疑地，确实地in doubt不能肯定的，可怀疑的no doubt很可能，无疑地down with打倒，不要due to由于，因为in due course in duplicate 到时候，在适当时候一式两份的(地)off duty下了班（的），不在值班（的）on duty在上班（的），在值班（的）each otherprick up one’s ears 互相竖起耳朵听early on在初期，早先in earnest认真的（地），坚定的（地），诚挚的（地）on earth究竟，到底at ease安适，不拘束take it easy不慌不忙，别紧张，放松on edge紧张不安，烦躁bring/carry/put into effect实行，实现，使生效come/go into effect have an effect on 实施，生效对…有影响[效果]in effect实际上，实质上take effect生效，起作用to the effect that大意是either…or或…或or else否则，要不然in the end最后，结果no end非常，极其on end连续地enjoy oneself in essence 得到乐趣，过得快活本质上；大体上break even不赔不赚even as正当，恰恰在…的时候even if/though即使，虽然get even (with)（向…）报复at all events不管怎样，无论如何in any event不管怎样，无论如何in the event结果，到头来in the event that万一，倘若in the event of万一，倘若for ever永远every now and then时常，不时，间或every other每隔…in evidence可看见的，明显的，显眼的for example例如make an example of惩罚…以警戒他人except for除…外，除去；要不是由于take exception to反对，表示异议in excess of超过to excess过度，过分，过度的exert oneself努力，尽力make an exhibition of oneself出洋相，当众出丑at the expense of由…付费，由…负担费用；以…为代价to a certain extent在一定程度上go to extremes走极端in the extreme非常，极其catch sb’s eye被某人看到，引起某人注意keep an eye on照看，留神，密切注意see eye to eye看法完全一致face to face面对面地in the face of勇敢地对付（或接受）as a matter of fact事实上，其实in fact实际上，其实without fail必定，一定in good faith真诚，善意take a fancy to喜欢上，爱上as far as到…程度，就…by far最，…得多far and wide到处far from远远不，完全不in so far as到…程度，就…so farin fashion out of fashion 迄今为止；到某个程度时新，合乎时尚(人或物)不合时尚hold fast to坚持（思想、原则等）at fault有责任，出毛病find fault with抱怨，找岔子，挑剔in favor of支持，赞同for fear of/that生怕，以免on the fence抱骑墙态度，保持中立a few有些，几个few and far between稀疏的，稀少的quite a few相当多，不少fit as a fiddle on file 神采奕奕存档keep one’s fingers crossed祈求成功catch (on) fire着火，开始燃烧on fire起火，着火play with fire玩火，轻举妄动set fire to使燃烧，点燃under fire遭到攻击，受到严厉批评at first最初，起先，开始时first of allfirst and foremost 首先首先，第一in the flesh本人as follows如下make a fool of愚弄，使出丑on foot步行in force to the fore 有效，生效，在实施中；大量的在前面，在显著地位；在场；立即有用；(钱等)在手边；活着and so forth等等for free免费set free释放be friends with与…友好make friends (with)（与…）交朋友in front of在…前面，在…面前in fullin full blossom 全部地，不省略地盛开for/in fun取乐，闹着玩make fun of poke fun at 拿…开玩笑，取笑嘲弄，取笑make a fuss of/over对…关怀备至，过分注意in future今后，从今以后in the future在将来give the game away不慎泄露秘密，露马脚in general一般说来，总体上at a glance一看就at first glance乍一看，一看就glued to不愿离开，盯住不放on the go很忙to go剩下的，未完成的as good as和…几乎一样do sb good对…有好处for good永久地good and非常，完全with good grace欣然地make the grade达到规定目标，成功take for granted认为…理所当然；（因视做当然而）对…不予理睬come/get to grips（认真）对付（或处理）gain ground进展，占优势get off the ground开始，（使）取得进展on (the) grounds of根据…，以…为理由off (one’s) guard没有提防地on (one’s) guard站岗，值班；警惕，提防in the habit of有…的习惯get in sb’s hair惹恼某人make sb’s hair stand on end使某人毛骨悚然in half成两半go halves均摊费用at hand近在手边，在附近by hand用手，用体力change hands转手，转换所有者hand in hand手拉手；同时并进地，密切关联地one’s hands full忙得腾不出手来in hand（工作等）在进行中, 待办理in sb’s hands在某人掌握中, 在某人控制中join hands联手, 携手lend sb a hand帮助某人, 协助某人on hand在手边, 在附近on (the) one hand一方面on the other hand另一方面out of hand无法控制；马上, 立刻take/have a hand in参与, 介入wash one’s hands of对…不再负责, 洗手不干come to no harm未受到伤害in harmony (with)（与…）协调一致, （与…）和睦相处in haste急忙, 慌忙talk through one’s hat胡说八道, 吹牛have had it受够了, 累极了；完了, 没用了have it in for想伺机惩罚（或伤害）above/over one’s head难以理解come to a head（事情等）达到危急的关头head over heels头朝下；完全地, 深深地keep sb’s head保持镇静lose sb’s head慌乱, 仓皇失措put one’s heads together集思广益, 共同策划at heart内心里, 本质上break sb’s heart使某人很伤心by heart凭记性from (the bottom of) one’s heart从心底in one’s heart of hearts在内心深处lose heart失去气, 丧失信心set one’s heart on下决心做take heart鼓起勇气, 振作起来take…to heart对…想不开, 为…伤心(或烦恼等) to one’s heart’s content尽情地the hell到底, 究竟like hell拼命地, 极猛地to hell with让…见鬼去吧can/could not help禁不住, 忍不住help oneself自用, 自取(食物等)here and now此时此地here and there各处neither here nor there离题的, 不重要的over the hill在走下坡路, 在衰退中make history做出值得载入史册的事情catch/get/take hold of hold sb to ransom 抓住, 得到绑票，勒取赎金at home在家, 在家乡, 在国内；舒适, 无拘束；精通, 熟悉bring…home to使清楚, 使明白do the hono(u)rs尽地主之谊in hono(u)r of为了向…表示敬意, 为纪念on/upon one’s hono(u)r以名誉担保off the hook脱离困境hope against hope抱一线希望on the horizon即将发生的on the hour在整点时刻bring the house down赢得观（听）众的欢呼声（或掌声）keep house管理家务on the house由店家出钱, 免费how about…?（你觉得）…怎么样?how come…? hue and cry 怎么会…的?追捕犯人时的叫声；通缉令；大声呼喊；(表示反对的)叫嚷in a hurry匆忙, 急于break the ice打破僵局on the ice如履薄冰, 处境极其危险if onlyon impulse 要是…多好一时冲动；未经考虑或计划地be in for一定会遭到（麻烦等）；参加（竞争等）in that因为, 原因在于every inch完全, 彻底on the increase正在增加, 不断增长inside out里面朝外; 彻底地for instance例如, 比如in the first instance首先, 起初instead of代替, 而不是in the interest(s) of in the interim 为了…(的利益)在间歇的当儿，在过渡期间at intervals每隔一段时间(或距离), 不时by itself自动地, 独自地in itself本质上, 就其本身而言on the job在工作, 上班out of joint脱臼；出了问题, 处于混乱状态get the jump on抢在…前面行动, 较…占优势just about差不多, 几乎bring to justice把…交付审判, 使归案受审do justice to公平地对待, 公正地评判in kind以实物(偿付)；以同样的方法kind of有点儿, 有几分of a kind同类的；徒有其名的bring to one’s knees使屈服know better (than)很懂得, 明事理(而不至于)to one’s knowledge lack of 据…所知缺乏[少]; 没有at large逍遥法外地, 自由地；一般的, 普遍的, 总的；详尽地, 充分地by and large大体上, 总的来说at (long) last终于at the latest最迟of late近来, 最近later on以后, 后来turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页, 改过自新in league (with)(与…) 密谋，(与…) 联合by/in leaps and bounds极其迅速地at least至少least of all最不, 尤其not in the least丝毫不, 一点不to say the least最起码take (one’s) leave of向…告辞not have a leg to stand on pull sb’s leg (论点等)站不住脚〔口语〕愚弄某人，嘲弄某人at leisure有空，闲暇时；从容不迫地，不慌不忙地lend itself to适合于at length详细地；最终，终于go to great lengths竭尽全力no less than不少于，多达to the letter严格地at liberty live a lietell a white lie 自由的，不受囚禁的过欺骗人的生活；做人虚伪说善意的谎言take lying down甘受（挫败等）bring to life使复活，给…以活力come to life苏醒过来，开始有生气for life一生，终生bring to light揭露，将…曝光come to light显露，暴露in (the) light of鉴于，由于throw/cast light on/upon使人了解，阐明in line成一直线，成一排；(with) 与…一致，与…符合on line与计算机连接的，联机的out of line不成一直线；不一致，出格a little一些，一点little by little一点点地，逐渐地on loan暂借的(地)as/so long as只要，如果；既然，由于before long不久以后no longer不再，已不so long再见lose oneself in专心致志干at a loss困惑，不知所措a lot很，非常，很多a lot/lots of大量的，许多的cast/draw lots抽签，抓阄(决定做)fall in love (with sb)爱上(某人)in luck运气好out of luck运气不好like mad疯狂地，拼命地in the main大体上，基本上(be) made up of make believe 由…组成，由…构成假装make it办成，做到，成功；赶上，及时到达all manner of 各种各样的，形形色色的in a manner of speaking不妨说，在某种意义上a good/great many相当多，很多many a may as well 许多的最好…，还是…好wide of the mark远离目标；毫不相关，离谱as a matter of fact事实上，其实for that matter就此而言，而且no matter how (what, when etc.)无论（或不管）怎样（什么, 何时等）by all means当然可以by means of用，依靠by no means决不，并没有beyond measure无可估量，极度，过分for good measure另外in memory of jog sb’s memory 纪念唤起某人的记忆, 使...想起mend one’s ways改过，改正错误not to mention更不必说，除…外还at the mercy of任凭…的摆布，完全受…支配in the middle of in the midst of 正忙于在…当中；在...的中途bear/keep in mind记住change one’s mind改变主意have in mind想到，考虑到in one’s mind’s eye在想象中make up one’s mind下定决心，打定主意never mind不用担心，别管；不要紧，没关系to my mind依我看，我认为up to the minute最新的，最新式的by mistake错误地at the moment此刻，目前for the moment暂时，目前the moment (that) gain/gather momentum 一…（就）动量增大；势头增大more and more越来越more or less差不多, 几乎, 大约what is more更重要的, 更有甚者, 而且at most至多, 不超过make the most of充分利用, 尽量利用get a move on赶快, 加紧on the move在活动, 在行进, 在前进much as虽然，即使in the name of以…的名义of necessity无法避免地, 必定in the neighborhood of在…附近, 大约neither…nor(既)不…也不，(既)非…也非neither here nor there不相干的，无关紧要的get on sb’s nerves on the net 惹得某人心烦在网络上next to紧靠…旁边，贴近；几乎，近于night and day夜以继日none but除…之外没有，只有none too一点也不follow one’s nose笔直往前；凭直觉行事，凭本能行事poke / stick one’s nose into探问，探看，干预compare notes交换意见of note显要的，有名望的take note of注意，留意for nothing不花钱地，不要钱地；徒劳地nothing but只有，只不过at short/a moment’s notice提前很短时间通知(every) now and then/again时而，偶尔just now现在，眼下；刚才，才不久now (that)既然，由于get nowhere使无法进展，使不能成功nowhere near远远不，远不及a number of on/under oath 若干，许多发誓，必定on occasion(s)有时，间或against all (the) odds尽管有极大的困难，尽管极为不利at odds with与…不和，与…争吵，与…不一致odds and ends零星杂物，琐碎物品off and on断断续续地，间歇地, 有时as often as not往往，多半every so often有时，偶尔more often than not往往，多半on and on继续不断地，不停地all at once突然，忽然；同时，一起at once马上，立刻；同时，一起once (and) for all一劳永逸地，永远地once in a while偶尔，间或once more/again再一次once upon a time从前at one (with)（与…）一致one by one一个一个地，依次地not only…but (also)不但…而且only too极，非常in the open在露天，在户外，在野外；（意见，秘密等）公开的（地）bring/put into operation实施，使生效，使运行come/go into operation实施，实行，生效in operation as opposed to 工作中，运转着；起作用，生效，实施与…相对；与…成对比in order按顺序, 按次序；整齐，井然有序，处于良好状态in order to为了（做某事）in short order立即in order that目的在于，为了on order定购中，定制中out of order工作不正常的，出故障的；次序颠倒，不按次序；违反会议规程的out of the ordinary不寻常的，非凡的every other每隔一个的none other than不是别人，正是other than不同于，非out of从…里，从…中；离开，脱离；在（或越出）…之外；由于，出于；由…制成；缺乏，没有at/from the outset开端，开始at the outside最多，充其量outside of在…的外面；除…以外all over again再一次, 重新over and over (again)一再地, 再三地over and above除…之外（还）, 超过owing to由于，因为come into one’s own显示自身的特点（或价值）hold one’s own坚守住，不退让；保持力量，不衰退on one’s own独自；独立地keep pace (with)（与…）起步前进，（与…）并驾齐驱set the pace起带头作用take pains努力，尽力，下苦功on paper在纸上，以书面形式；在理论上for one’s part就个人来说，至于本人in part部分地on the part of在…方面，就…而言，由…所做出的play a part (in)扮演角色，参与，起作用take part (in)参加，参与in particular特别，尤其pat on the back赞扬，鼓励at peace处于和睦（或平静）状态make peace to perfection 言和，和解完全地；好极in person亲自，本人pie in the sky不能保证实现的允诺go to pieces(在身体、精神、道德方面) 崩溃, 垮掉pick/pull to pieces严厉批评at/in a pinch必要时, 在紧要关头feel the pinch感到手头拮据in place在合适的位置in place of代替, 取代, 交换in the first place第一, 首先out of place不在合适的位置; 不适当的, 不相称的, 格格不入的take place发生, 进行, 举行take the place of代替, 取代bring into play使活动, 使运转, 启动come into play play havoc with play second fiddle to 开始活动, 开始运转, 投入使用对...造成严重破坏, 使...陷入大混乱做第二把手，充当副手take the plunge（经过踌躇）决定冒险一试, 采取决定性步骤in sb’s pocket在某人掌握之中，受制于某人out of pocket缺钱的，赔钱的beside the point离题的，不相关的make a point of特别注意（做某事），重视on the point of正要…之际，就要…之时to the point切中要害，切题poles apart大相径庭，完全相反in practice在实践中，实际上out of practice生疏的，荒废的put into practice实施，实行without prejudice (to)（对…）没有不利，无损（于）in sb’s presence当着某人的面，有某人在场presence of mind镇定自若at present目前，现在for the present目前，暂时fall a prey to at any price 成了...的受害者[牺牲品], 受...的折磨不惜任何代价，无论如何in print以印刷的形式；（书等）已出版的，仍可买到的out of print（书等）已售完的，已绝版的prior to在…之前in private在私下，秘密地in proportion to与…成比例in public公开地，当众on purpose in hot pursuit 故意，有意穷追in quantity大量beyond (all) question毫无疑问call in/into question对…提出疑问，对…提出异议in question正在谈论的out of the question毫无可能的，绝对做不到的without question毫无疑问，毫无异议jump the/a queue不按次序排队，插队on the quiet秘密地，私下地the rank and file普通士兵，普通成员at any rate无论如何，至少at this rate照这种情况，既然这样had/would rather (than)宁愿…（而不愿）rather than与其…倒不如，不是…而是in the raw处在自然状态的；裸体的at the ready准备立即行动for real严肃的，认真的；真正的，确实的in reality实际上，事实上bring up the rear处在最后的位置，殿后by reason of由于within reason理智的，合理的for the record共记录在案，为准确起见off the record不供引用的，不供发表的，非正式的on record正式纪录的，公开发表的in the red负债，亏欠see red大怒refer to…as…把…称作，把…当作with reference to关于，就…而论as regards关于，至于with/in regard to关于，就…而论regardless of不顾，不惜in the region of give free rein to 在…左右，接近放任放松约束；让无拘束地走in relation to有关，关于，涉及relative to有关，关于，涉及with respect to关于，至于in response to作为对…的反应as a result作为结果，因此as a result of作为…的结果，由于in return (for) in reverse 作为（对…的）报答，（或回报，交换）【军】在背面; 反过来; 与...相反get rid of摆脱，除去，处理掉all right令人满意的，不错的；（健康）良好的，安然无恙的；好，行by rights按理说in one’s own right凭本身的权利（或能力、资格等）in the right正确，有理right away立刻，马上run riot胡作非为，撒野give rise to引起，导致，为…的原因at risk处境危险at the risk of冒着…的危险on the road (to)在去…的路途中；在向…的转变中，在…过程中take root建立，确立；生根，扎根go the round(s) (of)传播，流行in a row一个接一个地，连接不断地rub it in反复提及令人不快的事in ruins成废墟，毁坏，毁灭as a rule通常，一般来说in the long run从长远看，终究in the short run在不久的将来on the run忙碌，奔波；奔跑，逃跑in the saddle在职，掌权play (it) safe谨慎行事，不冒险safe and sound安然无恙to be on the safe side为了保险起见set sail启航for the sake of为了…起见，看在…的份上for sale待售，供出售on sale出售，廉价出售take…with a grain/pinch of salt对…有保留，对…半信半疑worth one’s salt胜任的，称职的，名副其实的all the same都一样，无所谓；尽管如此，仍然the same as 与…一致，与…相同的save for除…之外，除去go without saying不用说，不言而喻I dare say（我想）可能，（我想）是这样to say nothing of更不用说，何况to say the least至少可以说on a…scale …规模地，在…规模上make oneself scarce 溜走，躲开scarcely…when一…就，刚…便behind the scenes在幕后，不公开的ahead of schedule提前on schedule按时间表，及时，准时on that score在那一点上，就那一点来说from scratch从零开始，从头做起up to scratch合格，处于良好状态put the screw(s) on对…施加压力，强迫a sea of大量，茫茫一片at sea在海上；茫然，不知所措in search of寻找，寻求in season应时的，当令的，在旺季；及时的，合时宜的out of season不当令的，不在旺季的second to none最好的in secret keep a secret 暗地里，秘密地保守秘密see (to it) that一定注意到，务必使seeing (that)鉴于，由于go/run to seed花谢结籽；衰老，走下坡路come to one’s senses恢复理性，醒悟过来；（昏迷后）苏醒过来in a sense从某种意义上说make sense讲得通，有意义，言之有理talk sense说话有理serve…right给…应得的惩罚in (good) shape处于（良好）状态take shape do your share 成形，形成负担你自己的部分on the shelf被搁置in sb’s shoes处于…的地位（或境地）cut short中断，打断fall short of达不到，不符合for short缩写，简称in short简而言之，总之like a shot立即，飞快地shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力地on the side作为兼职或复业；暗地里side by side肩并肩地，一起at first sight乍一看，初看起来at/on sight一见（就）catch sight of发现，突然看见in sight看得见，被见到；在望，在即lose sight of忘记，忽略out of sight看不见，在视野之外let slide放任自流，听其自然give…the slip避开，甩掉let slip偶然泄露（秘密等）on the slynot to be sneezed at 秘密的；暗暗的不可轻视的，值得重视的be snowed under so and so 忙得不可开交某某，如此这般and so on/forth等等ever so非常，极其not so much…as与其说是…不如说是or so大约，左右so as to为了，以便so…as to如此…以致；结果使，以致so that所以，因此；为使，以便so…that如此…以致or something诸如此类的什么something of在某种程度上，有点儿as soon as一…就，刚…便no sooner…than一…就，刚…便sooner or later迟早，早晚would sooner宁愿，宁可of sorts/of a sort马马虎虎的，较差的out of sorts身体不适的，心情不佳的sort of有几分，有那么点儿to spare过剩，有余so to speak可以说in spite of不顾，不管on the spot在场，到场；立即，马上，当场on the spur of the moment stab in the back 一时冲动之下，当即背后暗害[中伤]at stake在危急关头，在危险中to start with首先，一开始stay put留在原地steer clear of绕开，避开in step齐步，合拍，协调out of step不合拍，不协调step aside/down让位，辞职step by step逐步地in stock有现货的，有库存的out of stock无现货的，脱销的take stock of对…估价，判断in store贮藏着，准备着；必将到来，快要发生set store by重视，尊重straight away/off立即，马上in strength大量地on the strength of基于，依据at a stretchtake in one’s stride 不停地，连续地一跨而过；轻而易举地解决(困难)as such就其本身来说such as例如，诸如all of a sudden suffice it to say that 突然，冷不防说…就够了in sum总而言之in summary总的说来，概括起来for sure确切地，肯定make sure查明，弄确实；务必sure enough果然，毫无疑问take…by surprise使吃惊，使感到意外；奇袭，使措手不及in full swing正在全力进行中on the table提交讨论；留待日后讨论turn the tables take … as take… for 扭转形势把…当作，认为把…认为是，把…看成为。
idioms
• She bowed me to the earth • 她使我羞愧难当，无地自容。 • Don’t poke your nose into other people’s business; then you can well keep your nose clean. • 如果你能少管闲事，就完全可以明哲保身。
• To break the ice, Ted spoke of his interest in mountain climbing, and they soon had a conversation going. • 为了打破沉默，泰德说自己对爬山有兴趣， 这样他们很快就交谈起来。
• She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes.
• • • • • • • •
To be dead drunk 烂醉如泥 Laugh and grow fat 心宽体胖 To fly into a rage 勃然大怒 To look for a needle in a haystack 海底捞针
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A leap in the dark 轻举妄动 To show one’s colours 原形毕露 To make a noise in the world 名噪一时
• I was nervous before crowds. • 我在大庭广众之前感到紧张。 • Anything I said would in all likelihood contradict their version.
• 无论我说什么话，十有八九和他们的说法 发生矛盾。
Idioms
A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush——所拥有的才是最好的（最值得珍惜的）A Blessing In Disguise——即使是坏事情也有好的一面/Every cloud has a silver lining.（塞翁失马，因祸得福）A Chip On Your Shoulder这个人有毛病，通常用于第三方的描述，而不能直接对某人这么说。
A Dime A Dozen——指没有价值，多得很，不稀罕A Drop In The Bucket——作的事情无济于事，相当于冰山一角，不起到任何作用，九牛一毛A Fool And His Money Are Easily Parted——有多少花多少，存不住钱A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned——存钱就等于挣钱A Shot In The Dark——得到了一个机会，猜对了或者是蒙对了A Slap On The Wrist——犯了错/罪，但被轻易放过或轻判（略予申诉）A Slip Of The Tongue——走漏风声，说漏嘴A Taste Of Your Own Medicine——报应，自食其果Arm In Arm——臂挽臂Around The Block——积累经验As Blind As a Bat——someone has bad eye sight（有眼无珠）。
As High As A Kite——太高了，以至于够不着As Light As A Feather——太轻了（不是中国人所说的轻如鸿毛，重入泰山的意思）At The Drop Of A Hat——太容易了，轻而易举（随时，马上，很乐意）At Wit’s End——黔驴技穷，绞尽脑汁Back To The Drawing Board——重新来过，回到问题起点（Star Over）Barking Up The Wrong Tree——攻击错了目标，找错对象（Go the wrong way）Beat A Dead Horse——白费口舌，浪费精力，既成事实（Was done is done, can’t change the situation）Beating Around The Bush——拐弯抹角，并非直奔主题（Tell something indirectly）Bend Over Backwards——拼命，工作非常努力完成很难的任务（Work very hard for something）At sixes and sevens （乱七八糟；迷惑/困惑；没有秩序）At the eleventh hour （在最后可能的时间）Babe in the woods （没有经验；单纯）B.Y.O. （informal）Bring Your Own.（自己带着）Back down or back off （informal）（放弃；对威胁不予理睬）Backseat driver （不开车但总不停的指挥，不停唠叨的人）Bad egg （坏孩子；惯犯）Banana oil （油嘴滑舌；阿谀奉承）Be a fly on the wall （偷听）A little knowledge is a dangerous thing （知识少是一件危险的事情）A pretty pass （不幸的环境；危险/ 临界状态）Achilles’ heel （弱点）Acquire a taste for （由于习惯某事而变得喜欢）Act of God （自然灾害/ 非人为控制发生的事件）Add the finishing touches （完成/ 加上最后一笔）Ahead of the game （1、优点、利益、优先有利因素；2、提前、太早、太快）Alive and kicking （活蹦乱跳的）All at once （1、同时、一起；2、突然）All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. （只是工作没有娱乐对任何人都不好）And how! {interj.}（非常正确，表示完全同意）As luck would have it {adv. clause} （偶然、意外的；幸运或不幸）At all hazards （冒一切危险）At great length （1、具体细节；2、很长时间）Ball of fire（具有很强能力的人；做事情非常棒的人）Baloney （胡扯；没有意义的）Battle of nerves （间接战争；近似于冷战）Basket case {also informal}（没出息的人；废物）Bawl out （informal）（痛骂；训斥；喊叫）Be an item （成为一对）Be even-Steven （扯平；比分相等）Bear a grudge （记仇）Beat one’s brains out or beat one’s brains （努力明白或思考某件事情，试图解决）Back the wrong horse（支持失败者；下错赌注）Back to the salt mines {informal}（重操旧业；又要辛苦一番了）Back to the wall or back against the wall （无路可逃；陷入困境）Backhanded compliment（间接称赞但实际是挖苦）Backfire {v.} （事与愿违）Backward and forward or backwards and forwards （完全的；全部细节；来龙去脉）Bad mouth (someone) （侮辱别人；故意诋毁别人名誉）Bag and baggage （所有的财产；连同全部行李）Let the cat out of the Bag (泄露秘密tell the secret)For the Birds (沉闷无聊/无稽之谈very boring)Straight From the Horse’s Mouth (由本人亲自说出/值得确信的话)Horse Around (胡闹/玩闹通常指孩子或年轻人)Cat Got Your Tongue? (哑巴了？)Get in Someone’s hair (烦死某人了)Shoot Off One’s Mouth (吹牛)Jump Down Someone’s Throat (批评别人/很凶的指责、谩骂/突然打断某人)Pay Through the Nose (被勒索/花很多钱)Tongue-in-Cheek (半开玩笑的/不当真的)Get Off Someone’s Back (别烦某人stop bothering someone)Drive Someone Up a Wall (迫使某人非常生气)String Someone Along (一直欺骗某人cheat someone)Leave Someone High and Dry (给某人留下难做的事情)Spill the Beans (说漏嘴)Bite the Dust (大败lose to someone)Pull Someone’s Leg (愚弄某人)Play It by Ear (看着办)Stick Out one’s Neck (冒险)All Thumbs (笨手笨脚)Not Have a Leg to Stand On (没有证据)Smell a Rat (感觉不妙feel something wrong)Go to the Dogs (堕落、破旧something old and shabby)Fishy (可疑的)Take the Bull by the Horns (不畏艰险face the challenge) Bend Over Backwards (拼命)Cough Up (勉强说出/勉强做某事difficult to do but have to do) Jump the Gun (行动过早did it too quickly)Scratch Someone’s Back (你帮我，我帮你return a favor) Turn Someone Off (厌烦、恶心)Kick the Bucket (死掉只能用于不认识的人或历史人物)Wet Blanket (泼冷水扫兴的人或事can’t enjoy)Up One’s Sleeve (秘密计划)Knock Someone’s Socks Off (是某人非常激动、兴奋)Lose One’s Shirt (丧失全部财产)Lemon (有问题)Out of the Woods (脱离危险)Eating Someone (使某人不高兴)On the line (处于危险之中)Feel Like a Million Dollars (感觉精神很好)Hang On (坚持、不挂断、有赖于、渴望、靠着)Make Ends Meet (收支相抵)Money talks (金钱万能)The early Bird Catches the Worm (早起的鸟儿有虫吃)。
English idioms
By motivation
Motivated idioms Demotivated idioms
LOGO
By rhetorical device
Simile metaphor
LOGO
By origin
From Bible From Greek and Rome myth and legends From the famous writers From the grass-root
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Characteristics of idioms
Idioms are usu. Semantically opaque, more metaphorical than literal. Sometimes, you may know every word of the idiom, but maybe you don’t know the whole meaning. That is why you must learn it as a unity.
LOGO
English Idioms
外语学院 徐红新
Contents
1 2 3 4 5
Introductory remarks
Definition of idioms
Characteristics of idioms
Classification of idioms
Translation of idioms
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Characteristics of idioms
Structural stability
The words in idiomatic expressions cannot , as a rule, be deleted, added to, replaced by synonymous words, or put in s different order, without affecting or destroying the meaning.
有关“龙”的idioms
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• • • • • • • • •
流水游龙：the horses and carriages streaming along the street. 神龙失埶：lose power. 事火咒龙：ridiculous events. 土龙刍狗：the dragon made of mud,the dog made of straw.be unworthy of the name. 一龙一蛇：invisible or visible changing with the situation. 一龙一猪：one is very caple,while the other is extremely incompetent. 鱼龙变化：the very fundamental change of things. 鱼质龙文：the substance of fise,he appearance of dragon.An inferior thing with an impressive appearance. 云起龙襄：the rise of great heros during the changing time of current situation 掷杖成龙：coming home 祖龙之虐：祖龙：First Emperor of Qin.He burns books and bury alove Confucian scholars. 黄龙痛饮：defeat enemy totally and celebrate victory happily
三.总结（summary）
在翻译动物习语时,翻译者要一方面考虑到动物的形象,另一 方面要考虑到两种文化。
• • • (一)在英汉文化中含有相似的意义,相同的动物的习语———直译 因为生活经历,生活方式以及地理环境的相同,世界上生活的人们对一些动物习语有相同 的联想意义。有些动物习语在另一种文化中甚至可以找到相应的动物习语。 例如:“kill two birdswith one stone”(一石二鸟);“donkey’syears”(驴年马 月);“fish in the troubled water”(浑水摸鱼);对牛弹琴(playing the flute to a water buffalo);热锅上的蚂蚁(asfrantic as an ant on a hot pan);嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗 (marry scock and follow the cock, marry a dog and follow the dog)等等。 (二)在英汉文化中含有相似的意义,但采用不同的动物的习语,———套译，改变动物的 形象 习语中的形象通常决定了习语的内涵，因为文化的不同,英语和汉语有时会采取不同的 动物形象来表达相似的意义。 比如:“get goose pimples”(鸡皮疙瘩),“kill the goose thatlays the golden eggs”(杀鸡取卵),“cast pearls before swine”(对牛弹琴),“like a cat on the hot bricks”(热锅上的蚂蚁),“blacksheep”(害群之马),“horse of a different color”(风马牛不相及),“love me love my dog”(爱屋及乌),“birds of a feather”(一丘之貉),“neither fish nor fowl”(非驴非马),“lock the stabledoor after the horse has bolted”(亡羊补牢),等等。还有一些例子比如:狐假虎威(like a donkey in a lion’shide);一丘之貉(all writers birds of a feather)
idioms
1．against the grain adv.格格不入, 违反意愿Bad luck goes against the grain. 厄运总是令人讨厌的。
His coarse and rude ways went against the grain with me.他那粗鲁无礼的态度不合乎我的性情。
against the stream adj. 逆流The man who tries to succeed today without an education is swimming against the stream. 在今天，一个未受过教育的人想获得成功，不艰苦奋斗一番是不行的。
Teenagers often go against the stream. 青少年经常反潮流而动。
2•beat one's brain over对…冥思苦想beat your brains out (informal, especially AmE) to think very hard about sth for a long time: I've been beating my brains out all weekend to get this script written. 3．crocodile tears if sb SHEDS (= cries) crocodile tears, they pretend to be sad about sth, but they are not really sad at all: Let's have no more politicians shedding crocodile tears for the unemployed.4．cost / pay an arm and a leg (informal) to cost/pay a lot of money•A cruise that cost an arm and a leg.要花去好多钱的航行•My wife bought a mink coat that cost an arm and a leg.内人买了一件昂贵的貂皮大衣,似乎不值得。
IDIOMS的相关知识
1) Be a breeze像一缕清风一样很容易做 A thing that is easy to do.The last couple of steps will be a breeze. 最后两步将是微不足道的。
拓展：理应该是轻而易举的事；?? 轻松简单的工作；小事儿桩. Achieving those targets will be a breeze.实现这些目标易如反掌.2) Have a green thumb擅长园艺 To be good at gardening.Mr Wilson's neighbors say his flowers grow because he has a green thumb.威尔逊的邻居们说他的花长得好，因为他是园艺高手。
With a beautiful garden, she must have a green thumb.她有这麽漂亮的花园，她一定是位种花的专家。
Mr.White has a green thumb and can work wonders with plants.怀特先生的园艺技术很不错，摆弄花草很在行。
3) Be easy as pie小菜一碟，小事一桩 To be very easy.The job was easy as pie, and we finished up an hour early.这项活对我们来说是小菜一碟,我们早在一小时前就完成Even though the homework looked hard, it was easy as pie.那个功课看起来虽然很难，其实是很简单的。
You let me do it my way,and it will be all as easy as pie.这桩事如果你让我按自己的方法去做，那么就会不费吹灰之力。
My house is as easy as pie to find.我的家很容易被找到。
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但是，根据He found fault with them , 我们组能转换出：
*We didn’t find it with me *What did he find with you.
Worth one’s while
能插入的所有格代名词只能 是那些跟人称代名词相对应的词， 而绝不可以是名词：
The child is the father of the man.(从 小看大。）
Shortening of idioms
The last straw:
It is the last straw that breaks the camel’s back
Velvet paws （口蜜腹剑）
Velvet paws hide deep claws.
Every cloud has a silver lining.
为了表达的特定效果，改变成语: Shakespeare曾经将a horse of another colour （完全是另一回事）该为： A horse of the same colour （完全是一回事）
英国作家Galsworthy 把to be born with a silver spoon in one’s mouth （生在富贵人家）改成：
*There was plenty of drink.
3．词项和范围的固定搭配
( 某个词项跟某个特定的语法范畴相配， 而不是跟某个特定的词或某些词相配。 此例说明的是一个动词，它必须跟一个 状态副词连用。) I regarded them with curiosity.
*I regarded them.
3. Idioms verbal in nature
1. Phrasal verbs, which are composed of a verb plus a particle: 1) Put down to
This can be put down to the advances of motor engineering.
By true idioms we mean the meaning of the idiom cannot be deduced from those of the individual constituents such as “in the raw”, which means “naked”
这一短语可以进行被动转换： Fault was found with them.
但是，跟He sought help from them.不 一样， “He found fault with them”中 的名词是不可以变换为代名词的。以 He sought help from them.为基础，我 们可以转换出 “He didn’t seek it from me,和 “What did he seek from you?;
His head was lost in the tool-box, but his voice was heard saying: “Too many cooks, better let me.” Two many cooks spoil the broth.
Silver lining（一线希望）
在评语中，教授以sleep around这一 成 语 为 依 据 翻 新 出 read around 。 Sleep around意思是to sleep with a lot of partners with no emotional commitment,在此基础上继而产生to read around的翻新语义: to consult a lot of books with no intellectual discipline,字里行间暗示和讥讽了该 学生语言学知识肤浅和不求甚解’ 的研究态度。
The fixity of idioms depends on the idiomaticity. The more idiomatic the idioms, the more fixed the structure. Look at the following three examples:
to take fright,
A rolling stone
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
In my life, I am a bit of a rolling stone.
Well, it’s the old story of the stitch in time.
A stitch in time saves nine.
4. Idioms adverbial in nature:
Heart and soul
Day and night Bag and bags
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. As a man sows, so he shall reap
Jack of all trades
Jack of all trades and master of none.
Mountains of molehills (小题大做）
Make a mountain out of a molehill.
A straw in the wind (事态发展的苗头）
A straw shows which way the wind blows.
We are common enemies.
?We are mutual enemies.
We are mutual friends. *We are common friends.
Classification of idioms
1. Idioms nominal in nature
1) brain trust: a group of people with special knowledge who give advice.
By regular combinations we speak of the regular collocations such as “make friends with” , the meaning of which can be understood from the literal meanings of the constituents.
*It is worth John’s while.
也不可以是不定代词：
？It is not worth anybody’s while.
允许插入的所有格代名词，在可接 受程度上也有差异：your 可接受性 程度最大，my大概最小： ？It is worth my while.
没有疑问式：
*Whose while is it worth?
（他睡得很死） 可以对这一成语在人称和时间 上作些变动： She is dead to the world.
They were dead to the world.
*He was dead to the universe.
有些成语可以进行某些转换，而不允 许其他转换：
He found fault with them.
Wear one’s heart on one’s sleeve:
He was criticized for wearing his religion on his sleeve. 他整天把宗教教义挂在口上受到 了指责。
使文章尖锐、泼辣、起到讽刺的效 The candidates seem to read around in linguistics. 这一例句取自一位教授对学生论文 所作的评语。
to take courage, to take heart
The fright that he took was indicative of his timidity. ?The courage that he took was indicative of his inner resources. *The heart that he took was indicative of his optimism.
In between we have idioms like “ turn over a new leaf”, whose meaning is in a way related to the meanings of the constituents, but is not itself explicit.
I am accustomed to cold weather. I am used to cold weather. Accustomed as I am to cold weather, I still prefer Florida. *Used as I am to cold weather, I still prefer Florida.
2. Verb phrases: Follow one’s nose: go straight ahead; go in the same direction
Swim against the stream: do the opposite of what most people want to do
He regarded me strangely.
*He regarded me for ten minutes.
4．形容词和名词的固定搭配 She was there the livelong day. *She was there the livelong morning ( week, year). They slept till broad daylight. *They slept till daylight was broad.