生物名词中英文对照
食品微生物菌种名称中英文对照
菌种中英文对照(全部)Abiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defectiva 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aerococcus viridans 绿浅气球菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr. 嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种Bacteroides caccae 粪拟杆菌Bacteroides capillosus 多毛拟杆菌Bacteroides eggerthii 埃氏拟杆菌Bacteroides fragilis 脆弱拟杆菌Bacteroides levii 利氏拟杆菌Bacteroides merdae 屎拟杆菌Bacteroides ovatus 卵形拟杆菌Bacteroides stercoris 粪便拟杆菌Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 多形拟杆菌Bacteroides uniformis 单形拟杆菌Bacteroides ureolyticus 解脲拟杆菌Bacteroides vulgatus 普通拟杆菌Bergeyella zoohelcum 动物溃疡伯格菌Bifidobacterium adolescentis 青春双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium bifidum 双岐双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium breve 短双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium dentium 齿双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium infantis 婴儿双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium spp 双岐杆菌属某些种Bordetella avium 鸟博德特菌Bordetella bronchiseptica 支气管炎博德特菌Bordetella spp 博德特菌属某些种Branhamella catarrhalis 粘膜炎布兰汉球菌Brevendimonas diminuta 缺陷短波单胞菌Brevendimonas vesicularis 泡囊短波单胞菌Brevibacterium casei 乳酪短杆菌Brevibacterium epidermidis 表皮短杆菌Brevibacterium spp 短杆菌属某些种Brucella spp 布鲁菌属某些种Budvicia aquatica 水生布戴约维采菌Burkholderia cepacia 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia diminuta 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Buttiauxella agrestis 乡间布丘菌Campylobacter coli 大肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter fetus fetus 胚胎弯曲杆菌胚胎亚种Campylobacter fetus venerealis 胚胎弯曲杆菌性病亚种Campylobacter hyointestinalis 豚肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter jejuni doylei 空肠弯曲杆菌德莱亚种Campylobacter jejuni jejuni 空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种Campylobacter lari 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌Campylobacter lari UPTC 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌UPTC变种Campylobacter mucosalis 粘膜弯曲杆菌Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus 唾液弯曲杆菌牛生物变种Campylobacter sputorrum fecalis 唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种Campylobacter upsaliensis 乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌Candida albicans 白假丝酵母Candida boidinii 博伊丁假丝酵母Candida catenulata 链状假丝酵母Candida ciferrii 西弗假丝酵母Candida colliculosa 软假丝酵母Candida curvata 弯假丝酵母Candida dattila dattila假丝酵母Candida drusei 克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida dubliniensis 杜氏假丝酵母Candida famata 无名假丝酵母Candida glabrata 光滑假丝酵母Candida globosa 球形假丝酵母Candida guilliermondii 高里假丝酵母Candida hellenical (=C. steatolytica)Candida holmii 霍氏假丝酵母Candida inconspicua 平常假丝酵母Candida intermedia 中间假丝酵母Candida kefyr 乳酒假丝酵母Candida krusei 克柔假丝酵母Candida lambica 郎比可假丝酵母Candida lipolytica 解脂假丝酵母Candida lusitaniae 葡萄牙假丝酵母Candida magnoliae 木兰假丝酵母Candida melibiosica 口津假丝酵母Candida membranaefaciens 璞膜假丝酵母Candida norvegensis 挪威假丝酵母Candida norvegica norvegica假丝酵母Candida parapsilosis 近平滑假丝酵母Candida pelliculosa 菌膜假丝酵母Candida pulcherrima 铁红假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱落假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱褶假丝酵母Candida sake 清酒假丝酵母Candida silvicola 森林假丝酵母Candida sphaerica 园球形假丝酵母Candida tropicalis 热带假丝酵母Candida utilis 产朊假丝酵母Candida valida 粗状假丝酵母Candida zeylanoides 诞沫假丝酵母Capnocytophaga gingivalis 牙龈二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga ochracea 黄褐二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga spp 二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属某些种Capnocytophaga sputigena 生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌CDC gruop IV C-2 CDC菌群IV C-2Cedecea davisae 戴氏西地西菌Cedecea lapagei 拉氏西地西菌Cedecea neteri 奈氏西地西菌Cedecea spp 西地西菌属某些种Cellulomonas spp 纤维单胞菌属某些种Cellulomonas turbata 特氏纤维单胞菌Ceotruchum candidum 假丝地霉Ceotruchum capitatum 头状地霉Ceotruchum fermenfans 发酵地霉Ceotruchum penicillatum 潘氏地霉Ceotruchum spp 地霉菌属某些种Chromobacterium violaceum 紫色色杆菌Chryseobacterium indologenes 产吲哚金黄杆菌Chryseobacterium meningosepticum 脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌Chryseomonas luteola 浅黄金色单胞菌Citrobacter amalonaticua 无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter braakii 布氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter farmeri 法氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii group 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌群Citrobacter koseri 柯氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri 克氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri (= C.diversus) 克氏柠檬酸杆菌（=差异柠檬酸杆菌）Citrobacter koseri/amalonaticus 克氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter youngae 杨氏柠檬酸杆菌Clostridium acetobutylicum 丙酮丁醇梭杆菌Clostridium barati 巴氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii 拜氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii /butyricum 拜氏/丁酸梭菌Clostridium bifermentans 双酶梭菌Clostridium botlinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridium butyricum 丁酸梭菌Clostridium cadaveris 尸毒梭菌Clostridium clostridiiforme 梭状梭菌Clostridium difficile 艰难梭菌Clostridium fallax 谲诈梭菌Clostridium glycolicum 乙二醇梭菌Clostridium hastiforme 矛形梭菌Clostridium histolyticum 溶组织梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害芽胞梭菌Clostridium limosum 泥渣梭菌Clostridium paraputrificum 类腐败梭菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridium ramosum 多枝梭菌Clostridium septicum 败毒梭菌Clostridium sordellii 索氏梭菌Clostridium sporogenes 生孢梭菌Clostridium spp 梭菌属某些种Clostridium subterminale 近端梭菌Clostridium tertium 第三梭菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridium tyrobutyricum 酪丁酸梭菌Comamonas acidovorans 食酸丛毛单胞菌Comamonas spp 丛毛单胞菌属某些种Comonas testosteroni 睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌Corynebacterium accolens 拥挤棒杆菌Corynebacterium afermentans 非发酵棒杆菌Corynebacterium amycolatum 无枝菌酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium aquaticum 水生棒杆菌Corynebacterium argentoratense 银色棒杆菌Corynebacterium auris 耳棒杆菌Corynebacterium bovis 牛棒杆菌Corynebacterium cystitidis 膀胱炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis 重白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis 缓和白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum 解葡萄糖苷Corynebacterium group F- 1 F-1群棒杆菌Corynebacterium group G G群棒杆菌Corynebacterium jeikeium 杰氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium kutscher 库氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium macginleyi 麦氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium minutissimum 极小棒杆菌Corynebacterium pilosum 多毛棒杆菌Corynebacterium propinquum 丙酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 假白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 假结核棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale group 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌群Corynebacterium seminale 生殖棒杆菌Corynebacterium striatum 纹带棒杆菌Corynebacterium ulcerans 溃疡棒杆菌Corynebacterium urealyticum 解脲棒杆菌Cryptococcus albidus 浅白隐球酵母Cryptococcus humicola 土生隐球菌Cryptococcus humicolus 土生隐球酵母Cryptococcus laurentii 罗伦隐球酵母Cryptococcus neoformans 新型隐球酵母Cryptococcus terreus 地生隐球酵母Cryptococcus uniguttulatus 指甲隐球酵母Cryytococcus neoformans 白地霉Debaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种Edwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus hirae 海氏肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌Flavimonas oryzihabitans 栖稻黄色单胞菌Fusobacterium mortiferum 死亡梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrogenes 坏疽梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrophorum 坏死梭杆菌Fusobacterium nucleatum 具核梭杆菌Fusobacterium varium 可变梭杆菌Gardnerella vaginalis 阴道加德纳氏菌Gemella haemolysans 溶血孪生球菌Gemella mobillorum 麻疹孪生球菌Geotrichum candidum 白地霉Geotrichum capitatum 头状地霉Geotrichum penicillatum 帚状地霉Gordona spp 戈登菌属某些种Haemophilus aphrophilus 嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae I 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus influenzae II 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus influenzae III 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus influenzae IV 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus influenzae V 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus influenzae VI 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus influenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus influenzae VIII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae 副流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus parainfluenzae I 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae II 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae III 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae IV 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae V 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VI 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VII 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VIII 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus paraphrophilus 副嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus somnus 睡眠嗜血杆菌Hafinia alvei 蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Hansenula polymorpha 多形汉逊酵母Hansenula saturnus 土星汉逊酵母Helicobacter cinaedi 同性恋螺杆菌Helicobacter fennelliae 芬纳尔螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Klebsiella ornithinolytica 解鸟氨酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca 产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella planticola 植生克雷伯菌Klebsiella pneumonia ozaenae 肺炎克雷伯菌臭鼻亚种Klebsiella pneumonia rhinoscleromatis 肺炎克雷伯菌鼻硬结亚种Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种Klebsiella terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kloeckera apiculata 柠檬克勒克酵母Kloeckera apis 蜜蜂克勒克酵母Kloeckera japonica 日本克勒克酵母Kloeckera spp 克勒克酵母某些种Kluyvera ascorbata 抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera cryocrescens 栖冷克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera spp 克吕沃尔菌属某些种Kluyvera terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kocuria kristinae 克氏库克菌Kocuria roseus (=Micrococcus roseus) 玫瑰色库克菌（=玫瑰色微球菌）Kocuria varians (=Micrococcus varians) 变异库克菌（=变异微球菌）Koserella trabulsii 特氏科泽菌Kytococcus sedentaruis 不动盖球菌Lactobacillus acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentium 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus jensenii 詹氏乳杆菌Lactococcus garvieae 格氏乳球菌Lactococcus lactis cremoris 乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种Lactococcus lactis lactis 乳酸乳球菌乳亚种Lactococcus raffinolactis 棉子糖乳球菌Leclercia adcarboxglata 非脱羧勒克菌Leptotrichia buccalis 口腔纤毛菌Leuconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种Listeria grayi 格氏利斯特菌Listeria innocua 无害利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 伊氏利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 依氏利斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes 单核细胞增生利斯特菌Listeria seeligeri 斯氏利斯特菌Listeria spp 利斯特菌属某些种Listeria welshimeri 威氏利斯特菌Listeria welshimeri 魏氏利斯特菌Luconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种Microbacterium spp 微小杆菌属某些种Micrococcus luteus 滕黄微球菌Micrococcus lylae 莱拉微球菌Micrococcus lylae 里拉微球菌Micrococcus spp 微球菌属某些种Mobiluncus curtisii 克氏动弯杆菌Mobiluncus mulieris 羞怯动弯杆菌Mobiluncus spp 动弯杆菌属某些种Moellerella spp 米勒菌属某些种Moellerella wisconsensis 威斯康星米勒菌Moraxella lacunata 腔隙莫拉菌Moraxella nonliquefaciens 非液化莫拉菌Moraxella osloensis 奥斯陆莫拉菌Moraxella spp 莫拉菌属某些种Morganella morganii 摩氏摩根菌Neisseria cinerea 灰色奈瑟球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟球菌Neisseria lactamica 乳糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟球菌Neisseria mucosa 粘液奈瑟球菌Neisseria polysaccharea 多糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria sicca 干燥奈瑟球菌Neisseria spp 奈瑟菌属某些种Neisseria subflava 微黄奈瑟球菌Nocardia spp 奴卡菌属某些种Ochrobactrum anthropi 人苍白杆菌Oerskovia spp 厄氏菌属某些种Oerskovia xanthineolytica 溶黄嘌呤厄菌Oligella ureolytica 解脲寡源杆菌Oligella urethralis 尿道寡源杆菌Pantoea spp 泛菌属某些种Pasteurella aerogenes 产气巴斯德菌Pasteurella gr.EF4 巴斯德菌群EF4Pasteurella haemolytica 溶血巴斯德菌Pasteurella multocida 多杀巴斯德菌Pasteurella pneumotropica 侵肺巴斯德菌Pasteurella spp 巴斯德菌属某些种Peptococcus niger 黑色消化球菌Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 厌氧消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus 不解糖消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 产吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus magnus 大消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus micros 微小消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus prevotii 普氏消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus spp 消化链球菌属某些种Photobacterium damsela 美人鱼发光杆菌Pichia carsonii 卡氏毕赤酵母Pichia etchellsii 埃切毕赤酵母Pichia farinosa 粉状毕赤酵母Pichia ohmeri 奥默毕赤酵母Pichia spartinae 斯巴达克毕赤酵母Plesimonas shigelloides 类志贺邻单胞菌Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 不解糖卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas endodontalis 牙髓卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas gingivalis 牙龈卟啉单胞菌Prevotella bivia 二路普雷沃尔菌Prevotella buccae 颊普雷沃菌Prevotella buccalis 口颊普雷沃菌Prevotella denticola 栖牙普雷沃菌Prevotella disiens 解糖胨普雷沃菌Prevotella intermedia 中间普雷沃菌Prevotella loescheii 洛氏普雷沃菌Prevotella melaninogenica 产黑色普雷沃菌Prevotella oralis 口腔普雷沃菌Prevotella oris(=Bacteroides oris) 口普雷沃菌(=口拟杆菌) Propionibacterium acnes 疮疱丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium avidum 贪婪丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium granulosum 颗粒丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium propionicum 丙酸丙酸杆菌Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus penneri 彭氏变形杆菌Proteus vuigaris 普通变形杆菌Prototheca wickerhamii 魏氏原壁菌Providencia alcalifaciens 产碱普罗威登斯菌Providencia rettgeri 雷氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia rustigianii 拉氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii 斯氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii/ alcalifaciens 司氏/产碱普罗威登斯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes 产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina 门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 假产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas spp 假单胞菌属某些种Pseudomonas sputita 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri 施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonsa aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonsa fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonsa pseudomallei 类鼻疽假单胞菌Pseudomonsa putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonsa spp 假单胞菌属某些种Rahnella aquatilis 水生拉恩菌Rhodococcus spp 红球菌属某些种Rhodotorula glutinis 红酵母Rhodotorula glutinis 粘红酵母Rhodotorula minuta 小红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 粘质红酵母Rothia dentocariosa 龋齿罗菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae 酿酒酵母Saccharomyces kluyverii 克鲁费酵母Salmonella arizonae 亚利桑那沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌Salmonella gallinarum 鸡沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi B 乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella pullorum 鸡白痢沙门菌Salmonella spp 沙门菌属某些种Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门菌Serratia ficaria 无花果沙雷菌Serratia fonticola 居泉沙雷菌Serratia liquefaciens 液化沙雷菌Serratia marcescens 粘质沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 气味沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 1 气味沙雷菌1型Serratia odorifera 2 气味沙雷菌2型Serratia plymuthica 普城沙雷菌Serratia proteamaculans 变形斑沙雷菌Serratia putrefaciens 腐败沙雷菌Serratia rubidaea 深红沙雷菌Shewanella putrefaciens 腐败希瓦菌Shigella bogdii 鲍氏志贺菌Shigella dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌Shigella flexneri 弗氏志贺菌Shigella sonnei 索氏志贺菌Shigella spp 志贺菌属某些种Sphingobacterium multivorum 多食鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium Spiritivovum 嗜神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium spiritovorum 食神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingomonas paucimobilis 少动鞘氨醇单胞菌Sporobolomyces salmonicolor 赭色掷孢酵母Staphylococcus arlettae 阿尔莱特葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus auricularis 耳葡萄球菌Staphylococcus capitis 头状葡萄球菌Staphylococcus caprae 山羊葡萄球菌Staphylococcus carnosus 肉葡萄球菌Staphylococcus chromogenes 产色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii 科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum 科氏葡萄球菌解脲亚种Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Staphylococcus equorum 马胃葡萄球菌Staphylococcus gallinarum 鸡葡萄球菌Staphylococcus haemolyticus 溶血葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hominis 人葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hyicus 猪葡萄球菌Staphylococcus intermedius 中间葡萄球菌Staphylococcus kloosii 克氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lentus 缓慢葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lugdunensis 路邓葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saccharolylicus 解糖葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saprophyticus 腐生葡萄球菌Staphylococcus schleiferi 施氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sciuri 松鼠葡萄球菌Staphylococcus simulans 模仿葡萄球菌Staphylococcus warneri 沃氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus xylosus 木糖葡萄球菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦寡养食单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stomatococcus mucilaginosus 粘滑口腔球菌Streptococcus acidominimus 少酸链球菌Streptococcus agalactiae 无乳链球菌Streptococcus alactolyticus 非解乳糖链球菌Streptococcus anginosus 咽峡炎链球菌Streptococcus bovis I 牛链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus bovis II 牛链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus canis 狗链球菌Streptococcus constellatus 星座链球菌Streptococcus downei 汗毛链球菌Streptococcus dysgalactiae 停乳链球菌停乳亚种Streptococcus dysgalactiae equlsimilis 停乳链球菌似马亚种Streptococcus equi equi 马链球菌马亚种Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus 马链球菌兽瘟亚种Streptococcus equinus 马肠链球菌Streptococcus gordonii 格氏链球菌Streptococcus gr L L群链球菌Streptococcus intermadius 中间链球菌Streptococcus mitis 缓症链球菌Streptococcus mutans 变异链球菌Streptococcus oralis 口腔链球菌Streptococcus parasanguis 副血链球菌Streptococcus penumoniae 肺炎链球菌Streptococcus porcinus 豕链球菌Streptococcus pyogenes 化脓链球菌Streptococcus salivarius salivarius 唾液链球菌唾液亚种Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus 唾液链球菌嗜热亚种Streptococcus sanguis 血链球菌Streptococcus sobrinus 表兄链球菌Streptococcus suis I 猪链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus suis II 猪链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus uberis 乳房链球菌Streptococcus vestibularis 前庭链球菌Tatumella ptyseos 痰塔特姆菌Trichosporon asahii 阿氏丝孢酵母Trichosporon asteroides 星状丝孢酵母Trichosporon inkin 墨汁丝孢酵母Trichosporon mucoides 粘性丝孢酵母Trichosporon ovoides 卵形丝孢酵母Trichosporon spp 丝孢酵母某些种Veillonella parvula 小韦荣球菌Veillonella spp 韦荣氏球菌属某些种Versinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Versinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Vibrio alginolyiicus 解藻朊酸弧菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 弗氏弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 河流孤菌Vibrio hollisae 霍氏弧菌Vibrio metschnikovi 梅氏弧菌Vibrio mimicus 最小弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus 副溶血弧菌Vibrio vulnficus 创伤弧菌Weeksella virosa 有毒威克斯菌Weeksella zoohelcum 动物溃疡威克斯菌Yersinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia frederiksenii 弗氏耶尔森菌Yersinia intermedia 中间耶尔森菌Yersinia kristensenii 克氏耶尔森菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia ruckeri 鲁氏耶尔森菌Zygosaccharomyces spp 接合酵母属某些种。
细胞生物学中英文名词解释
extracellular matrix
分布于细胞外空间、由细胞分泌的蛋白质和多糖所构成的网络结构，如胶原和蛋白聚糖等，在决定细胞形状和活性的过程中起着一种整合作用。
胞质动力蛋白
cytoplasmic dynein
由多条肽链组成的巨型马达蛋白，利用ATP水解释放的能量将膜泡或膜性细胞器等沿微管朝负极转运。
分泌途径
secretory pathway
经内质网、高尔基体到细胞表面、溶酶体或植物细胞液泡等的物质分泌路径。其中涉及分泌物的合成、修饰和分泌物外排等过程。该过程包括组成型分泌和可调控型分泌。
分子伴侣
chaperone，molecular chaperon
一种与其他多肽或蛋白质结合的蛋白质，以防止蛋白质错误折叠、变性或聚集沉淀，对蛋白质的正确折叠、组装以及跨膜转运有意义。
溶酶体酶的寡糖链甘露糖残基被磷酸化形成的一个分选标记。
干细胞
stem cell
分化程度相对较低、具有不断增殖和分化能力的细胞。
高尔基复合体
Golgi complex
一种由管网结构和多个膜囊组成的极性细胞器，主要功能是对ER转运来的脂分子及蛋白质进行加工、修饰以及分选。
共聚焦扫描显微镜
confocal sanning microscope
用聚焦极好的激光束对样品单一景深的层面进行快速扫描，从而获得“光学切片”效果的显微镜。
光反应
light dependent reaction
构成光合作用的两种反应之一。该反应将吸收的太阳光能转化成化学能，储存在ATP和NADPH中。
光面内质网
smooth endoplasmic reticulum，SER
胞质分裂
cytokinesis
(完整版)常见微生物的界、门、纲、目、科、属、种中英文对照
常见微生物界（Domain）、门(Phylum)、纲（Class）、目(Order)、科(Family)、属(Genus)、种(Species)中英文对照界（Domain）Bacteria细菌Archaea古生菌门（Phylum）Proteobacteria 变形菌门Bacteroidetes 拟杆菌门Actinobacteria 放线菌门Gemmatimonadetes 芽单胞菌门Acidobacteria 酸杆菌门Planctomycetes 浮霉菌门Verrucomicrobia 疣微菌门Chloroflexi 绿弯菌门Nitrospirae 硝化螺旋菌门Firmicutes 厚壁菌门Chlorobi 绿菌门Cyanobacteria 蓝藻细菌门Fibrobacteres 纤维杆菌门Elusimicrobia 迷踪菌门Armatimonadetes 装甲菌门Euryarchaeota 广古菌门Chlamydiae 衣原体Crenarchaeota 泉古菌门Tenericutes 无壁菌门Spirochaetes 螺旋体属Alphaproteobacteria 甲型（α）变形杆菌纲Gammaproteobacteria 丙型变形菌纲Betaproteobacteria β-变形菌纲Actinobacteria 放线菌门、纲Cytophagia 纤维粘网菌Gemmatimonadetes 芽单胞菌门、纲Deltaproteobacteria δ-变形菌纲Acidobacteria-6 酸杆菌门Acidimicrobiia 酸微菌纲Verrucomicrobiae 疣微菌纲Opitutae 丰佑菌纲Nitrospira 消化螺菌属Thermomicrobia 热微菌门Bacteroidia 拟杆菌纲Bacilli 杆菌Chloroflexi 绿弯菌门Anaerolineae 厌氧绳菌纲Clostridia 梭状芽胞杆菌Elusimicrobia 迷踪菌门Ktedonobacteria 纤线杆菌纲Thermoplasmata 热原体纲Chlamydiia 衣原体Thaumarchaeota 奇古菌门Mollicutes 柔膜菌纲Methanomicrobia 甲烷微菌纲Holophagae 全噬菌纲Spirochaetes 螺旋体属Xanthomonadales 黄单孢菌目Sphingomonadales 鞘脂单胞菌目Burkholderiales 伯克霍尔德氏菌目Actinomycetales 放线菌目Cytophagales 噬纤维菌目Myxococcales 粘球菌目Acidimicrobiales 酸微菌目Rhizobiales 根瘤菌目Sphingobacteriales 鞘脂杆菌目Flavobacteriales 黄杆菌目Caulobacterales 柄杆菌目Rhodospirillales 红螺菌目Alteromonadales 交替单胞菌目Enterobacteriales 肠杆菌目Verrucomicrobiales 疣微菌目Opitutales 丰佑菌目Gemmatimonadales 芽单胞菌目Nitrospirales 硝化螺旋菌目Pseudomonadales 假单胞菌目Planctomycetales 浮霉菌目Bacteroidales 拟杆菌目Syntrophobacterales 互营杆菌目Bacillales 芽孢杆菌目Thiotrichales 硫发菌目Rhodobacterales 红细菌目，红杆菌目Methylophilales 噬甲基菌目Nitrosomonadales 亚硝化单胞菌目Streptophyta 木霉菌目Clostridiales 梭菌目Legionellales 军团菌目Bdellovibrionales 蛭弧菌目Rubrobacterales 红色杆菌目Caldilineales 暖绳菌目Herpetosiphonales 爬管菌目Chloroflexales 绿弯菌目Rickettsiales 立克次氏体目Acidobacteriales 酸杆菌目Micrococcales 微球菌目Rhodocyclales 红环菌目Stramenopiles 不等鞭毛类Chlamydiales 衣原体目Ktedonobacterales 纤线杆菌目Neisseriales 奈瑟菌目Oceanospirillales 海洋螺菌目Anaeroplasmatales 厌氧原体目Natranaerobiales 盐碱厌氧菌目Halanaerobiales 盐碱厌氧菌目Procabacteriales 普罗卡杆菌目Sphaerobacterales 球杆菌目Methylococcales 甲基球菌目Chlorophyta 绿藻门Holophagales 全噬菌目Methanosarcinales 八叠球菌目，球菌目Bifidobacteriales 双歧杆菌目Methanomicrobiales 甲烷微菌目Aeromonadales 气单胞菌目Spirochaetales 螺旋体目Desulfuromonadales 除硫单胞菌目科（family）Sphingomonadaceae 鞘脂单胞菌科Xanthomonadaceae 黄单胞菌科Cytophagaceae 噬纤维菌科Oxalobacteraceae 草酸杆菌科Nocardioidaceae 类诺卡氏菌科Comamonadaceae 丛毛单胞菌科Caulobacteraceae 柄杆菌科Sphingobacteriaceae 鞘脂杆菌科Flavobacteriaceae 黄杆菌科Sinobacteraceae 华杆菌科Rhodospirillaceae 红螺旋菌科Hyphomicrobiaceae 生丝微菌科Polyangiaceae 多囊粘菌科Erythrobacteraceae 赤杆菌科Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科Verrucomicrobiaceae 疣微菌科Geodermatophilaceae 地嗜皮菌科Opitutaceae 丰佑菌科Streptomycetaceae 链霉菌科Alteromonadaceae 交替单胞菌科Micrococcaceae 微球菌科Actinosynnemataceae 束丝防线菌科Micromonosporaceae 微单胞菌科Pseudomonadaceae 假单胞菌科Planctomycetaceae 浮霉菌科Nannocystaceae 侏囊菌科Syntrophobacteraceae 互营杆菌科Sporichthyaceae 鱼孢菌科Streptosporangiaceae 链孢囊菌科Bradyrhizobiaceae 慢生根瘤菌科Piscirickettsiaceae 鱼立克次体科Rhizobiaceae 根瘤菌科Microbacteriaceae 微杆菌科Pseudonocardiaceae 假诺卡氏科Bacillaceae 芽孢杆菌科Intrasporangiaceae 间孢囊菌科Nitrospiraceae 硝化螺旋菌科Methylophilaceae 噬甲基菌科Phyllobacteriaceae 叶杆菌科，叶瘤菌科Alcaligenaceae 产碱菌科，产碱杆菌科Nitrosomonadaceae 亚硝化单胞菌科Rhodobacteraceae 红杆菌科Thermomonosporaceae 高温单胞菌科Glycomycetaceae 糖霉菌科Acetobacteraceae 醋杆菌科Mycobacteriaceae 分支杆菌科Hyphomonadaceae 生丝单胞菌科Rubrobacteraceae 红色杆菌科Cystobacteraceae 孢囊杆菌科Caldilineaceae 暖绳菌科Rhodobiaceae 红菌科，红游动菌科Burkholderiaceae 伯克氏菌科Coxiellaceae 柯克斯体科Bdellovibrionaceae 蛭弧菌科Acidobacteriaceae 酸杆菌科Clostridiaceae 梭菌科Paenibacillaceae 类芽孢杆菌科Bacteriovoracaceae 噬菌弧菌科Myxococcaceae 粘液球菌科Cellulomonadaceae 纤维素单胞菌科Beijerinckiaceae 拜叶林克氏菌科Frankiaceae 弗兰克氏菌科Rhodocyclaceae 红环菌科Planococcaceae 动球菌科Methylocystaceae 甲基孢囊菌科Nocardiaceae 诺卡式菌科Chloroflexaceae 绿屈挠菌科Thermoactinomycetaceae 高温放线菌科Staphylococcaceae 葡萄球菌科Alicyclobacillaceae 环脂酸芽孢杆菌科Nocardiopsaceae 拟诺卡式菌科Legionellaceae 军团菌科Ktedonobacteraceae 纤线杆菌科Gemmatimonadaceae 芽单胞菌科Moraxellaceae 莫拉氏菌科Corynebacteriaceae 棒状杆菌科Parachlamydiaceae 副衣原体科Cystobacterineae 孢囊杆菌亚目Aurantimonadaceae 橙单胞菌科Bogoriellaceae 博格利亚湖菌科Methylobacteriaceae 甲基杆菌科Rickettsiaceae 立克次氏体Brucellaceae 布鲁氏菌科Lachnospiraceae 毛螺菌科Neisseriaceae 奈瑟氏菌科Halomonadaceae 盐单胞菌科Anaeroplasmataceae 厌氧原体科Peptococcaceae 消化球菌科，冻球菌科Halanaerobiaceae 盐厌氧菌科Peptostreptococcaceae 消化链球菌科Dermabacteraceae 皮杆菌科Procabacteriaceae 普洛卡杆菌科Kineosporiaceae 动孢囊菌科Methylococcaceae 甲基球菌科Syntrophomonadaceae 单胞菌科，互营单胞菌科Oscillochloridaceae 颤绿菌科Chlamydomonadaceae 【植物】衣藻科Holosporaceae 全胞菌科Gordoniaceae 戈登氏菌科Shewanellaceae 希万氏菌科Aeromonadaceae 气单胞菌科Geobacteraceae 地杆菌科Brevibacteriaceae 短杆菌科Porphyromonadaceae 紫单胞菌科Xanthobacteraceae 黄色杆菌科Spirochaetaceae 螺旋体科Propionibacteriaceae 丙酸杆菌科属（Genus）Janthinobacterium 紫色杆菌属Flavobacterium 黄杆菌属Thermomonas 热单胞菌属Mycoplana 枝动杆菌属Sorangium 堆囊菌属Opitutus 丰佑菌属Sphingomonas 鞘脂单胞菌属Streptomyces 链霉菌属Lysobacter 溶杆菌属Cellvibrio 纤维弧菌属Pedobacter 地杆菌属Aeromicrobium 气微菌属Rhodoplanes 红游动菌属Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Planctomyces 浮霉状菌属Phenylobacterium 苯基杆菌属Pseudoxanthomonas 假黄色单胞菌属Sphingobium 鞘脂菌属Nannocystis 侏囊菌属Variovorax 贪噬菌属Luteimonas 单胞菌属Gemmata 出芽菌属Saccharothrix 糖丝菌属Prosthecobacter 突柄杆菌属Pirellula 小梨型菌属Acidovorax 食酸菌属Lentzea 伦茨氏菌属Streptosporangium 链孢子囊菌属Caulobacter 茎菌属Nocardioides 类诺卡氏菌属Stenotrophomonas 寡养单胞菌Nitrosovibrio 弧菌属Actinoplanes 游动放线菌属Rubrivivax 红肠命菌属Glycomyces 糖霉菌属Agrobacterium 土壤杆菌属Mesorhizobium 中慢生根瘤菌属Agromyces 壤霉菌属Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌属Chondromyces 粒杆粘细菌属Novosphingobium 新鞘氨醇菌属Actinomadura 马杜拉放线菌属Nonomuraea 野野村菌属Catellatospora 链孢菌属Geodermatophilus 地嗜皮菌属Nitrospira 硝化螺菌属Pseudonocardia 假诺卡氏菌属Sporocytophaga 生孢噬胞菌属Bdellovibrio 蛭弧菌属Asticcacaulis 不粘杆菌属Sinorhizobium 中华根瘤菌Hydrogenophaga 噬氢菌属Rubrobacter 红色杆菌属Dactylosporangium 指孢囊菌属Sphingobacterium 鞘氨醇杆菌属Brevundimonas 短波单胞菌属Burkholderia 伯克霍尔德菌Achromobacter 无色杆菌属Hyphomicrobium 生丝微菌属Pedomicrobium 土微菌属Paenibacillus 类芽孢杆菌Phyllobacterium 叶杆菌属Cellulomonas 纤维菌属Pilimelia 水生角质菌属Arthrobacter 节细菌属Saccharopolyspora 糖多孢菌属Myxococcus 粘球菌Amycolatopsis 拟无枝酸菌Phaeospirillum 褐螺菌属Promicromonospora 原小单孢菌属Cellulosimicrobium 纤维菌属Sporichthya 游鱼孢菌属Chloronema 绿线菌属Nocardia 诺卡氏菌属Pimelobacter 脂肪杆菌属Paracoccus 副球菌属Bosea 氏菌属Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Planomicrobium 动性微菌属Rhodoferax 红育菌属Rhodobacter 红杆菌属Hymenobacter 薄层菌属Saccharomonospora 糖单胞菌属Cytophaga 噬细胞菌属Ralstonia 罗尔斯通菌属Rathayibacter 拉氏杆菌属Gemmatimonas 芽单胞菌属Alicyclobacillus 杆菌属Clostridium 梭菌属Corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属Cupriavidus 贪铜菌属Caldilinea 暖绳菌属Azorhizophilus 嗜氮根瘤菌属Rhodococcus 红球菌属Legionella 军团杆菌Brevibacillus 短芽孢杆菌属Polaromonas 单胞菌属Acinetobacter 不动杆菌属Georgenia 乔治菌属Actinocorallia 珊瑚状防线菌属Cryptosporangium 隐孢菌属Comamonas 丛毛单胞菌属CandidatusProtochlamydia Asteroleplasma 无甾醇原体属Sporosarcina 芽孢八叠球菌属Azospirillum 固氮螺菌属Magnetospirillum 磁螺菌属Roseomonas 玫瑰单胞菌属Prauserella 氏菌属Coprococcus 粪球菌属Prauseria 布劳氏菌属Thermoactinomyces 高温防线菌属Methylobacterium 甲基杆菌属Brachybacterium 短状杆菌属Azoarcus 固氮弧菌属Beijerinckia 拜叶林克氏菌属Virgibacillus 枝芽孢菌属Syntrophomonas 互营单胞菌属Geobacillus 土芽孢杆菌属Parachlamydia 副衣原体属Anaeromyxobacter 厌氧粘细菌属Oscillochloris 颤绿菌属Procabacter 普罗卡杆菌属Methanosarcina 甲烷八叠球菌属Microbacterium 微杆菌属Methylophaga 噬甲基菌属Methanoculleus 甲烷囊菌属Methylocaldum 甲基暖菌属Rickettsia 立克次氏体Alkaliphilus 嗜碱菌属Cryobacterium 冷杆菌属Shewanella 希瓦氏菌属Gordonia 戈登氏菌属Psychrobacter 嗜冷杆菌属Serratia 沙雷氏菌属Spirochaeta 螺旋体属Leptolyngbya 鞘丝藻属Caloramator 喜热菌属Dietzia 迪茨氏属Hyphomonas 生丝单胞菌属Yersinia 耶尔森氏鼠疫杆菌属Microlunatus 小月菌属Anaerolinea 厌氧绳菌属Brevibacterium 短杆菌属。
生物材料专业词汇中英文对照
管中管结构pipe-in-pipe structure神经生长因子缓释微球recombinant human nerve growth factor sustained release microsphere非取向支架non-oriented scaffold孔道结构pore-channel structure纳米复合材料nanocomposites生物安全性biological safety人工合成材料artificial synthetic material药物缓释材料drug delivery material载体材料carrier material透析膜材料dialysis membrane material纳米材料nanomaterial扫描隧道显微镜scanning tunneling microscope (STM) 化学气相沉积chemical vapor deposition (CVD)碳纳米管carbon nano-tube抗折强度flexural strength气体冷凝法gas-condensatin method抗拉强度tensile strength抗压强度compressive strength液相法liquid-phase method固相法solid-phase method支架scaffold细胞外基质材料extracellular matrix material生物衍生支架bio-derived scaffold胶原纤维collagen fiber去细胞化支架decellularized scaffold血管内支架intravascular stents糖铁络合物涂层glucose-Fe complex coating表面修饰改性surface modification层层自组装layer-by-layer self-assembly编织型神经导管braided nerve conduit支架stentTiNi合金Ti-Ni alloy超弹性hyperelastic有限元Finite element计算流体动力学computational fluid dynamic analysis 反复铸造recasting镍铬烤瓷合金nickel-chromium ceramic alloy结合力bonding strength义齿性口炎denture stomatitis活动义齿removable dentures基托denture base抗菌性sterilization开放性骨折open fracture硫酸钙calcium sulfate抗生素antibiotic心血管支架cardiovascular stent再狭窄restenosis生物相容性biocompatibility 输血blood transfusion不良反应adverse effect支架scaffold载体vector丝素蛋白silk fibroin牛骨形态发生蛋白bovine bone morphogenetic protein 组织工程骨tissue engineering bone构建construct脊柱融合spinal fusion扩增amplify细胞外基质材料extracellular matrix material生物力学biomechanics生物衍生支架bio-derived scaffold细胞外基质extracellular matrix制备preparation鉴定identification原代肝细胞primary hepatocyte培养基medium胎牛血清fetal bovine serum胰岛素insulin地塞米松dexamethasone表皮生长因子epidermal growth factor等离子喷涂涂层plasma spraying coating去细胞化支架decellularized scaffold糖铁络合物涂层glucose-Fe complex coating表面修饰改性surface modification层层自组装layer-by-layer self-assembly编织型神经导管braided nerve conduit载体材料carrier material血管内支架intravascular stents透析膜材料dialysis membrane material钙磷/壳聚糖涂层calcium phosphate∕chitosan coatings 药物缓释材料drug delivery material生物膜biomembrane封阻剂，阻断剂blocker螯合剂chelating agent克隆载体cloning vector皮质颗粒cortical granule肾上腺皮质素corticoid促肾上腺皮质素释放素corticoliberin皮质类固醇corticosteroid细胞骨架结构cytoskeletal structure宏观量子隧道效应macroscopic quantum tunneling effect (MQT)惰性气体沉积法inert gas deposition高能球磨法high energy ball mill冷冻干燥法freeze drying水热合成法hydrothermal synthesis辐射化学合成法radiation chemical synthesis快速凝固法rapidly quenching强烈塑性变形法severe (intense) plastic deformation非晶晶化法amorphous solid crystallization原位复合法in-situ composite插层复合法intercalation hybrids微乳液法micro emulsion模板合成法template synthesis自组装法self-assembly石墨电弧放电法graphite arc discharge快速凝固法rapidly quenching稳定化处理passivating treatmentX 射线衍射法X-ray diffractometry (XRD)扫描探针显微镜scanning probe microscopy (SPM)红外吸收光谱法infrared absorption spectroscopyX 射线衍射线宽化法X-ray diffractometry line broadening (XRD-LB)X 射线小角度散射法small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 拉曼光谱法raman spectrometry穆斯堡尔谱法mossbauer spectrometry光子相关谱法photon correlation spectroscopy压汞仪法mercury porosimetry纳米压痕仪nano impress (NI4.6.16)扫描隧道电子显微法scanning tunneling electron microscopy (STM)扫描近场光学显微法scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM)原子力显微法atomic force microscopy (AFM)扫描电容显微法scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) 扫描热显微法scanning thermal microscopy (STHM)场离子显微法field ion microscopy (FIM)磁力显微法magnetic force microscopy (MFM)激光干涉仪laser interferometer激光衍射/散射法laser diffraction and scattering离心沉降法centrifugal sedimentation绝对偏差absolute deviation绝对误差absolute error可及启动子accessible promoter消色差透镜achromatic lens插入重组，加插重组additive recombination亲和层析affinity chromatography亲和共电泳affinity coelectrophoresis双相接种技术biphasic seeding technique碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮carbon fibers reinforced polyetheretherketone还原胺化反应reductive amination reaction金纳米粒子gold nanoparticles电化学沉积electrochemicaly deposition髌骨软化症chondromalacia patellae锥虫蓝trypan blue 壳聚糖-胶原支架Chitosan-Collagen scaffold水胶体敷料hydrocolloid dressing仿生双相陶瓷生物骨bionic biphasic ceramic-like biologic bonePDS 可吸收缝线poly (p-dioxanone) absorbable suture 真空抽干lyophilized processing透明质酸苄基酯hyaluric acid phenmethyl ester异种移植xenotransplantation颈前路手术cervical anterior approach药物洗脱支架drug-eluting stent瞬心instantaneous center辅助性T 淋巴细胞T helper lymphocytes缓释片controlled release tablets累积释放度cumulative release percent腔内隔绝术endovascular graft exclusion球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术Balloon kyphoplasty低强度脉冲式超声波Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 封阻剂，阻断剂Blocker封闭剂，封阻剂blocking agent封闭抗体，阻断抗体blocking antibody血细胞计数器blood cell counter血液循环blood circulation血块blood clot血块收缩blood clot retraction血液凝固，凝血blood clotting血液凝固，凝血blood coagulation凝血级联系统blood coagulation cascade凝血因子blood coagulation factor螯合聚合物chelate polymer细胞毒性T 淋巴细胞cytotoxic T lymphocyte细胞毒性cytotoxicity细胞毒性T 淋巴细胞cytotoxic T lymphocyte细胞毒素cytotoxin细胞向性cytotropism配离子coordination ion配位异构coordination isomerism配位数coordination number二尖瓣bicuspidal valve双极电解bielectrolysis双焦点眼镜bifocal spectacles双节肋骨咬骨钳bi-joints rib rongeur两侧的bilateral胆道扩张器bile duct dilator胆红素比色计bilirubin colorimeter双层金属真空计bimetallic vacuum gauge双峰起搏器bimodal pacemaker双重X 射线源binary X-ray source牙龈形态学gingival morphology牙槽嵴形态学alveolar ridge morphology模型分析model analysis侧貌分析profile analysis美学诊断蜡型aesthetic diagnostic wax-up绘图模拟paint simulation蜡模拟wax simulation切平面incisal plane凸出切平面convex incisal plane鸥翼切平面gull wing incisal plane腰椎管狭窄lumbar stenosis超声波ultrasound脊柱侧凸scoliosis软组织损伤soft tissue injury脊髓造影myelography前列腺素E2 prostaglandin E2影像分析imaging analysispH 值pH value生物医学工程biomedical engineeringβ-内啡肽β-endorphin激光解析\离子化-飞行laser desorption/ionizationtime-of-flight时间质谱mass spectrometry technique股骨头缺血性坏死ischemic necrosis of the femoral head 地龙pheretimaasiatica冲击波shock wave肽peptide矫形器orthosis蛋白质组proteome下肢矫形器lower limb orthosis医学工程学medical engineering马蹄内翻足talipesequinovarus直流电疗机galvanic current apparatus电烙绞勒器galvanic ecraser伽伐尼电，流电，化电galvanic electricity原电池galvanic element皮肤电反应galvanic skin response (abbr.GSR)直流电刺激galvanic stimulation①电镀②流电疗法galvanization直流电疗机galvanization apparatus流电，电针术galvanogalvanoacupuncture电针麻醉galvanoacupuncture anesthesia电针麻仪galvanoadcupuncture anesthesia unit电烙勒除器galvanocaustic snare电烙器galvanocautery电烙刀galvanocautery knife电流记录图galvanograph电流计，检电流计galvanometer检流计放大器galvanometer amplifier检流计示波器galvanometer oscillograph电流记录仪galvo-recorder 活体移植living donor transplantation可摘除式假牙removable partial dentures假牙支撑support牙冠crown生物相容性biocompatibility生物反应器bioreactor酸性磷酸酶acid phosphatase促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone丙胺酸转氨酶alanine amino transferase白蛋白albumin醛缩酶aldolase醛甾酮aldosterone碱性磷酸酶alkaline phosphatase同功酶isoenzymesδ－氨基乙酰丙酸delta-aminolevulinic acid雄（甾）烯二酮androstenedione雄甾酮androsterone血管紧缩素I 和肾素angiotensin I and rennin血管紧缩素转化酶（A.C.E.）angiotensin converting enzyme [A.C.E.]抗坏血酸维生素Cascorbic acid人造臂artificial arms半功能手semi-functional hands吸收震动脚shock absorbing feet充分活动full mobility人造假体artificial prosthesis义眼artificial eye微型数字照相机miniature digital camera远程单向电子接口remote unidirectional electronic interface视网膜retina视神经optic nerve人造电子眼artificial electronic eye人造心脏artificial hearts人造耳朵artificial ear勃起障碍erectile dysfunction海绵体corpora cavernosa食管癌esophageal cancer失弛缓症achalasia胃食管返流疾病gastroesophageal reflux disease人造贲门artificial cardia胃stomach板层骨lamellar bone编织骨woven bone不动关节synarthrosis成骨细胞osteoblast初级骨化中心primary osseous center次级骨化中心secondary ossification center穿通管Volkmann’s canal粗面内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum蛋白多糖类protein polysaccharides低磷性佝偻病hypophosphatemicricket动力固定dynamic fixation动力加压dynamic compression动力加压接骨板dynamic compressing plate DCP 二磷酸盐diphosphonate非自攻钉nonself tapping肥大性假关节hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis负荷load干骺端metaphysis干骺端metaphyses骨囊肿bone cyst骨髓bone marrow骨皮质螺钉cortical screws骨松质螺钉cancellous screws冠状动脉支架coronary artery stent implantation 血小板活化platelet activation生物相容性biocompatibility金属裸支架bare stent药物洗脱支架drug-eluting stent再狭窄restenosis肩锁关节acromioclavicular喙突coracoid process脱位dislocation颈椎前路anterior cervical plating内固定器internal fixation device伸膝迟滞Knee extension lag膝骨关节炎knee osteoarthritis全膝人工关节置换total knee arthroplasty股骨骨折intertrochanteric fracture虚拟手术virtual surgery穿透penetration事件相关电位event related potential听觉Oddball auditory Odd-ball task。
常见的微生物的界、门、纲、目、科、属、种中英文对照.docx
常见微生物界（ Domain ）、门(Phylum) 、纲（ Class）、目 (Order) 、科 (Family) 、属(Genus) 、种 (Species)中英文对照Bacteria 细菌Archaea古生菌Proteobacteria变形菌门Bacteroidetes拟杆菌门Actinobacteria放线菌门Gemmatimonadetes芽单胞菌门Acidobacteria酸杆菌门Planctomycetes浮霉菌门Verrucomicrobia疣微菌门Chloroflexi绿弯菌门Nitrospirae硝化螺旋菌门Firmicutes厚壁菌门Chlorobi绿菌门Cyanobacteria蓝藻细菌门Fibrobacteres纤维杆菌门Elusimicrobia迷踪菌门Armatimonadetes装甲菌门Euryarchaeota广古菌门Chlamydiae衣原体Crenarchaeota泉古菌门Tenericutes无壁菌门Spirochaetes螺旋体属纲（Class）Alphaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Betaproteobacteria Actinobacteria Cytophagia Gemmatimonadetes Deltaproteobacteria Acidobacteria-6 Acidimicrobiia Verrucomicrobiae OpitutaeNitrospira Thermomicrobia BacteroidiaBacilliChloroflexi Anaerolineae Clostridia Elusimicrobia Ktedonobacteria Thermoplasmata Chlamydiia Thaumarchaeota Mollicutes Methanomicrobia Holophagae Spirochaetes甲型（α）变形杆菌纲丙型变形菌纲β-变形菌纲放线菌门、纲纤维粘网菌芽单胞菌门、纲δ -变形菌纲酸杆菌门酸微菌纲疣微菌纲丰佑菌纲消化螺菌属热微菌门拟杆菌纲杆菌绿弯菌门厌氧绳菌纲梭状芽胞杆菌迷踪菌门纤线杆菌纲热原体纲衣原体奇古菌门柔膜菌纲甲烷微菌纲全噬菌纲螺旋体属目（ Order ）Xanthomonadales黄单孢菌目Sphingomonadales鞘脂单胞菌目Burkholderiales伯克霍尔德氏菌目Actinomycetales放线菌目Cytophagales噬纤维菌目Myxococcales粘球菌目Acidimicrobiales酸微菌目Rhizobiales根瘤菌目Sphingobacteriales 鞘脂杆菌目Flavobacteriales黄杆菌目Caulobacterales 柄杆菌目Rhodospirillales红螺菌目Alteromonadales交替单胞菌目Enterobacteriales肠杆菌目Verrucomicrobiales疣微菌目Opitutales丰佑菌目Gemmatimonadales芽单胞菌目Nitrospirales硝化螺旋菌目Pseudomonadales假单胞菌目Planctomycetales浮霉菌目Bacteroidales拟杆菌目Syntrophobacterales互营杆菌目Bacillales芽孢杆菌目Thiotrichales硫发菌目Rhodobacterales红细菌目，红杆菌目Methylophilales噬甲基菌目Nitrosomonadales亚硝化单胞菌目Streptophyta木霉菌目Clostridiales梭菌目Legionellales军团菌目Bdellovibrionales蛭弧菌目Rubrobacterales红色杆菌目Caldilineales暖绳菌目Herpetosiphonales爬管菌目Chloroflexales绿弯菌目Rickettsiales立克次氏体目Acidobacteriales酸杆菌目Micrococcales微球菌目Rhodocyclales红环菌目Stramenopiles不等鞭毛类Chlamydiales衣原体目Ktedonobacterales纤线杆菌目Neisseriales奈瑟菌目Oceanospirillales海洋螺菌目Anaeroplasmatales厌氧原体目Natranaerobiales盐碱厌氧菌目Halanaerobiales盐碱厌氧菌目Procabacteriales普罗卡杆菌目Sphaerobacterales球杆菌目Methylococcales甲基球菌目Chlorophyta绿藻门Holophagales全噬菌目Methanosarcinales八叠球菌目，球菌目Bifidobacteriales双歧杆菌目Methanomicrobiales甲烷微菌目Aeromonadales气单胞菌目Spirochaetales螺旋体目Desulfuromonadales除硫单胞菌目科（ family ）Sphingomonadaceae鞘脂单胞菌科Xanthomonadaceae黄单胞菌科Cytophagaceae噬纤维菌科Oxalobacteraceae草酸杆菌科Nocardioidaceae类诺卡氏菌科Comamonadaceae丛毛单胞菌科Caulobacteraceae柄杆菌科Sphingobacteriaceae鞘脂杆菌科Flavobacteriaceae黄杆菌科Sinobacteraceae华杆菌科Rhodospirillaceae红螺旋菌科Hyphomicrobiaceae生丝微菌科Polyangiaceae多囊粘菌科Erythrobacteraceae赤杆菌科Enterobacteriaceae肠杆菌科Verrucomicrobiaceae疣微菌科Geodermatophilaceae地嗜皮菌科Opitutaceae丰佑菌科Streptomycetaceae链霉菌科Alteromonadaceae交替单胞菌科Micrococcaceae微球菌科Actinosynnemataceae束丝防线菌科Micromonosporaceae微单胞菌科Pseudomonadaceae假单胞菌科Planctomycetaceae浮霉菌科Nannocystaceae侏囊菌科Syntrophobacteraceae互营杆菌科Sporichthyaceae鱼孢菌科Streptosporangiaceae链孢囊菌科Bradyrhizobiaceae慢生根瘤菌科Piscirickettsiaceae鱼立克次体科Rhizobiaceae根瘤菌科Microbacteriaceae微杆菌科Pseudonocardiaceae假诺卡氏科Bacillaceae芽孢杆菌科Intrasporangiaceae间孢囊菌科Nitrospiraceae硝化螺旋菌科Methylophilaceae噬甲基菌科Phyllobacteriaceae叶杆菌科，叶瘤菌科Alcaligenaceae产碱菌科，产碱杆菌科Nitrosomonadaceae亚硝化单胞菌科Rhodobacteraceae红杆菌科Thermomonosporaceae高温单胞菌科Glycomycetaceae糖霉菌科Acetobacteraceae醋杆菌科Mycobacteriaceae分支杆菌科Hyphomonadaceae生丝单胞菌科Rubrobacteraceae红色杆菌科Cystobacteraceae孢囊杆菌科Caldilineaceae暖绳菌科Rhodobiaceae红菌科，红游动菌科Burkholderiaceae伯克氏菌科Coxiellaceae柯克斯体科Bdellovibrionaceae蛭弧菌科Acidobacteriaceae酸杆菌科Clostridiaceae梭菌科Paenibacillaceae类芽孢杆菌科Bacteriovoracaceae噬菌弧菌科Myxococcaceae粘液球菌科Cellulomonadaceae纤维素单胞菌科Beijerinckiaceae拜叶林克氏菌科Frankiaceae弗兰克氏菌科Rhodocyclaceae红环菌科Planococcaceae动球菌科Methylocystaceae甲基孢囊菌科Nocardiaceae诺卡式菌科Chloroflexaceae绿屈挠菌科Thermoactinomycetaceae高温放线菌科Staphylococcaceae葡萄球菌科Alicyclobacillaceae环脂酸芽孢杆菌科Nocardiopsaceae拟诺卡式菌科Legionellaceae军团菌科Ktedonobacteraceae纤线杆菌科Gemmatimonadaceae芽单胞菌科Moraxellaceae莫拉氏菌科Corynebacteriaceae棒状杆菌科Parachlamydiaceae副衣原体科Cystobacterineae孢囊杆菌亚目Aurantimonadaceae橙单胞菌科Bogoriellaceae博格利亚湖菌科Methylobacteriaceae甲基杆菌科Rickettsiaceae立克次氏体Brucellaceae布鲁氏菌科Lachnospiraceae毛螺菌科Neisseriaceae奈瑟氏菌科Halomonadaceae盐单胞菌科Anaeroplasmataceae厌氧原体科Peptococcaceae消化球菌科，冻球菌科Halanaerobiaceae盐厌氧菌科Peptostreptococcaceae消化链球菌科Dermabacteraceae皮杆菌科Procabacteriaceae普洛卡杆菌科Kineosporiaceae动孢囊菌科Methylococcaceae甲基球菌科Syntrophomonadaceae单胞菌科，互营单胞菌科Oscillochloridaceae颤绿菌科Chlamydomonadaceae【植物】衣藻科Holosporaceae全胞菌科Gordoniaceae戈登氏菌科Shewanellaceae希万氏菌科Aeromonadaceae气单胞菌科Geobacteraceae地杆菌科Brevibacteriaceae短杆菌科Porphyromonadaceae紫单胞菌科Xanthobacteraceae黄色杆菌科Spirochaetaceae螺旋体科Propionibacteriaceae丙酸杆菌科属（ Genus ）Janthinobacterium紫色杆菌属Flavobacterium黄杆菌属Thermomonas热单胞菌属Mycoplana枝动杆菌属Sorangium堆囊菌属Opitutus丰佑菌属Sphingomonas鞘脂单胞菌属Streptomyces链霉菌属Lysobacter溶杆菌属Cellvibrio纤维弧菌属Pedobacter地杆菌属Aeromicrobium气微菌属Rhodoplanes红游动菌属Pseudomonas假单胞菌属Planctomyces浮霉状菌属Phenylobacterium苯基杆菌属Pseudoxanthomonas假黄色单胞菌属Sphingobium鞘脂菌属Nannocystis侏囊菌属Variovorax贪噬菌属Luteimonas单胞菌属Gemmata出芽菌属Saccharothrix糖丝菌属Prosthecobacter突柄杆菌属Pirellula小梨型菌属Acidovorax食酸菌属Lentzea伦茨氏菌属Streptosporangium链孢子囊菌属Bacillus芽孢杆菌属Caulobacter茎菌属Nocardioides类诺卡氏菌属Stenotrophomonas寡养单胞菌Nitrosovibrio弧菌属Actinoplanes游动放线菌属Rubrivivax红肠命菌属Glycomyces糖霉菌属Agrobacterium土壤杆菌属Mesorhizobium中慢生根瘤菌属Agromyces壤霉菌属Mycobacterium分枝杆菌属Chondromyces粒杆粘细菌属Novosphingobium新鞘氨醇菌属Actinomadura马杜拉放线菌属Nonomuraea野野村菌属Catellatospora链孢菌属Geodermatophilus地嗜皮菌属Nitrospira硝化螺菌属Pseudonocardia假诺卡氏菌属Sporocytophaga生孢噬胞菌属Bdellovibrio蛭弧菌属Asticcacaulis不粘杆菌属Sinorhizobium中华根瘤菌Hydrogenophaga噬氢菌属Rubrobacter红色杆菌属Dactylosporangium指孢囊菌属Sphingobacterium鞘氨醇杆菌属Brevundimonas短波单胞菌属Jiangella姜氏菌属Burkholderia伯克霍尔德菌Achromobacter无色杆菌属Hyphomicrobium生丝微菌属Pedomicrobium土微菌属Paenibacillus类芽孢杆菌Phyllobacterium叶杆菌属Cellulomonas纤维菌属Pilimelia水生角质菌属Arthrobacter节细菌属Saccharopolyspora糖多孢菌属Myxococcus粘球菌Amycolatopsis拟无枝酸菌Phaeospirillum褐螺菌属Promicromonospora原小单孢菌属Cellulosimicrobium纤维菌属Sporichthya游鱼孢菌属Chloronema绿线菌属Nocardia诺卡氏菌属Pimelobacter脂肪杆菌属Paracoccus副球菌属Bosea氏菌属Staphylococcus葡萄球菌属Planomicrobium动性微菌属Rhodoferax红育菌属Rhodobacter红杆菌属Hymenobacter薄层菌属Saccharomonospora糖单胞菌属Cytophaga噬细胞菌属Ralstonia罗尔斯通菌属Rathayibacter拉氏杆菌属Gemmatimonas芽单胞菌属Alicyclobacillus杆菌属Clostridium梭菌属Corynebacterium棒状杆菌属Cupriavidus贪铜菌属Caldilinea暖绳菌属Azorhizophilus嗜氮根瘤菌属Rhodococcus红球菌属Legionella军团杆菌Brevibacillus短芽孢杆菌属Polaromonas单胞菌属Acinetobacter不动杆菌属Georgenia乔治菌属Actinocorallia珊瑚状防线菌属Cryptosporangium隐孢菌属Comamonas丛毛单胞菌属CandidatusProtochlamydia Asteroleplasma无甾醇原体属Sporosarcina芽孢八叠球菌属Azospirillum固氮螺菌属Magnetospirillum磁螺菌属Roseomonas玫瑰单胞菌属Prauserella氏菌属Coprococcus粪球菌属Prauseria布劳氏菌属Thermoactinomyces高温防线菌属Methylobacterium甲基杆菌属Brachybacterium短状杆菌属Azoarcus固氮弧菌属Beijerinckia拜叶林克氏菌属Virgibacillus枝芽孢菌属Syntrophomonas互营单胞菌属Geobacillus土芽孢杆菌属Parachlamydia副衣原体属Anaeromyxobacter厌氧粘细菌属Oscillochloris颤绿菌属Procabacter普罗卡杆菌属Methanosarcina甲烷八叠球菌属Microbacterium微杆菌属Methylophaga噬甲基菌属Methanoculleus甲烷囊菌属Methylocaldum甲基暖菌属Rickettsia立克次氏体Alkaliphilus嗜碱菌属Cryobacterium冷杆菌属Shewanella希瓦氏菌属Gordonia戈登氏菌属Psychrobacter嗜冷杆菌属Serratia沙雷氏菌属Spirochaeta螺旋体属Leptolyngbya鞘丝藻属Caloramator喜热菌属Dietzia迪茨氏属Hyphomonas生丝单胞菌属Yersinia耶尔森氏鼠疫杆菌属Microlunatus小月菌属Anaerolinea厌氧绳菌属Brevibacterium短杆菌属。
生物类常见名词
生物类常见名词chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用botany植物学botanist 植物学家lichen 地衣,苔藓fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类algae(pl. alga) 海藻bacterium(pl.bacteria) 细菌organism 有机物rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物mammal 哺乳类动物reptile 爬行类动物predator 捕食者prey 被捕食者acquatic 水生的artery 动脉vein 静脉fingernail 指甲scale 鳞片claw 爪子horn 角nourish 滋养,供给....营养clam 蚌crab 虾beaver 狸pond 池塘puddle 水坑snail 蜗牛shrimp 虾hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠corn 谷物squash 南瓜bean 豆类植物nectar花蜜pollen花粉hive 蜂巢moss 苔藓hibernate 冬眠penguin 企鹅reef 礁coral 珊瑚beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母larvae 幼虫tadpole 蝌蚪caterpillar 毛虫grasshopper 蚱蜢toad 蟾蜍herbicide 除草剂secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺roe 鱼卵caviar 鱼子酱raccoon 浣熊gland 腺体cricket 蟋蟀odor 气味还有aroma fragrance scent smell 大概意思相同,都有"气味"的意思)。
大学生物学单词大全(含中文翻译)
大学生物学单词大全(含中文翻译)1. 细胞 (cell) - 生物体中最基本的结构和功能单位，包括原核细胞和真核细胞。
2. 细胞膜 (cell membrane) - 细胞外部的薄膜，控制物质进出细胞。
3. 染色体 (chromosome) - 包含遗传信息的线状结构，位于细胞核内。
4. 基因 (gene) - 决定生物遗传特征的DNA片段。
5. 核糖体 (ribosome) - 位于细胞质内，合成蛋白质的工厂。
6. 细胞核 (nucleus) - 包含细胞的遗传物质，控制细胞的活动。
7. 细胞质 (cytoplasm) - 细胞核和细胞膜之间的区域，包含细胞内的各种结构。
8. 线粒体 (mitochondria) - 产生能量的细胞器。
9. 叶绿体 (chloroplast) - 可进行光合作用的细胞器。
10. 脊椎动物 (vertebrate) - 拥有脊柱的动物，如哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物。
11. 無脊椎動物 (invertebrate) - 没有脊柱的动物，如昆虫、软体动物和节肢动物。
12. 进化 (evolution) - 物种随时间逐渐改变和适应环境的过程。
13. 遗传 (heredity) - 生物通过基因将特征传递给后代的过程。
14. 生态系统 (ecosystem) - 生物体和其生活环境的整体系统。
15. 物种 (species) - 在进化中独立发展的生物群体。
16. 分子 (molecule) - 由两个或更多原子组成的化学结构。
17. 细胞分裂 (cell division) - 细胞复制和分裂为两个新细胞的过程。
18. 光合作用 (photosynthesis) - 植物利用光能将二氧化碳和水转化为能量和氧气的过程。
19. 呼吸作用 (respiration) - 生物将氧气和有机物转化为能量、二氧化碳和水的过程。
20. 培养基(culture medium) - 提供细菌或细胞生长的营养物质。
海洋生物中英文专业名词汇总(必看)
Glossary of Biological Terms Abiotic 非生物Abnormalities 畸形Accessibility 易接近Accumulate 积累Act myosin contractile 肌动蛋白Actin 肌动蛋白Activate 启用Adaptation 适应Adhere 黏附Adipose 含动物脂肪的Adjacent邻近的Aerobic好痒的Aerobic有氧Agar 琼脂Alarm警报Albatrosses信天翁Algae藻类Align排成一条线Allele 等位基因Allocation分配Allolactose 异乳糖Allopatric不同域的Allosteric site 变构位点Alternation of generation一代交替Aveoli 肺泡Altitude 高度Ambush埋伏American alligator 美洲短嘴鳄Amino氨基的/氨基Ammonification加氨作用Amoeba 变形虫Amphibian 两栖动物Amphipathic 两性，亲水脂性Amplification 增强；放大Amplification扩大Amplify 放大Anabolic pathway 合成代谢途径Anaphase后期Anchor 锚Anemia贫血Angiosperm被子植物Animalia动物界Antagonistic对抗性的Antelop 羚羊Antibiotic 抗生素Aortic 大动脉的Apoptosis细胞凋亡Aposematic coloration警戒色Appearance外表Apportioned分配Aquaporin 水通道蛋白Aquatic system水生系统Archaea 古生菌Archaeological 考古学Aristotle亚里士多德Armor护甲Asexual reproduction无性繁殖Asexual无性Assemblage 分配，装配Assimilation同化Assort相配Astral microtubules星状微管Atrium 心房Autecology自主Autoradiography射线自显迹法Autotrophs自养Avascular 无血管的Bacteria 细菌Bacteriophage 噬菌体Barnacle 藤壳Barnacle藤壶Beak喙Beaver 海狸Beaver dams海狸坝Beetle甲壳虫Behavioral动作的Binomial二项式Bioaccumulation 生物积累Biochemical生化Biodiversity 生物多样性Biogeochemical 生地化Biomagnification 生物放大作用Biomass 生物量，生物质Biomes 生物群落Biome-Terrestrial life zone陸地生物相Biosynthetic生物合成的Biotic factors生物因子Biotic potential生物潜力Biotic生物Birch桦树Bladder 膀胱Blend with混合Bloodstream血流Bloodworm红虫Blot斑点/污渍Bottom-dwelling底栖的Bromeliads凤梨科植物Bronchi 支气管Brood孵蛋Brown algae 褐藻Brown-headed cowbird棕头牛鹂Bumblebee大黄蜂Bundle 捆Cactus 仙人掌Caddis fly石蛾Cadherin钙黏蛋白Camouflage拟态/伪装Capture捕获Carbohydrate糖类Cardiac 心脏的Carnivores食肉动物Carnivorous 肉食性的Carrying capacity承载能力（K）Cartilage 软骨Catabolic reaction 分解代谢反应Catastrophism劫數難逃論Caterpillar 毛虫Cellular Respiration呼吸作用Cellulose纤维素Centriole中心粒（纺锤体）Centromere着丝粒Centrosome 中心体Chaparral 灌木丛Characteristics特点Chemosynthesis化学合成Chetah 印度豹Chipmunks 花栗鼠Chloroplasts叶绿体Cholesterol 胆固醇Chromatids染色单体Chromatin 染色质Chromosome compaction紧密的染色体Chromosome 染色体Cilia 纤毛Circulatory 循环Clade分支Cladogram分支图Class纲Claw爪Cleavage furrow卵裂沟Climax community顶级群落Clone 克隆Clotting 凝固Clusters 串；群Cluster丛生Cluster群（丛、簇）Coevolution协同进化Coevolve共同进化Coexist共存Cohesions姐妹染色体粘连素Cohesions黏附Colonizers殖民者Commensalism共栖Commensalism偏利共生Communities群落Community of organisms生物群落Competition竞争Complement 补充Complementary 互补Compound化合物Condense凝结Connexin连接蛋白Coniferous forest（Taiga）針葉樹森林Consortium联合Constitutive genes 组成型基因Consumer消费者Consume消耗Continents 大洲Contrasting对比Controversy争论Convergent會聚性的Coping mechanisms应对机制Cortex 皮质Cosmid [生化] 粘粒Counterclockwise逆时针Countermeasures对策Covalently 公价的Crab螃蟹Crash崩溃，骤降Crittercam动物摄像机Crustacean 甲壳类Cryptic Coloration隐蔽色Cuckcoo杜鹃Cuckoo bee寄生蜂Curvature曲率Cyclin-dependent kinases酶Cycling循环Cystic囊的Cytokinesis胞质分裂Cytoplasm 细胞质Cytosine nucleotides 胞嘧啶核苷酸Cytosol =cytoplasm 细胞质Cytosol细胞液Cytosol细胞质Decay 腐烂Deciduous 落叶树Decomposers 分解者Decomposer分解者Decomposition 分解Decomposition分解Decondensed 染色质去浓缩Decoys 圈套；诱捕Deductive reasoning 演绎法Deer鹿Defective细胞周期蛋白依赖性激Defoliate清除植物Deforestation毁灭森林Degradable可降解的Degradation降解Degrading proteins降解蛋白质Demographics人口统计学Denaturing 改变性质Denitrify脱氮Depleted of glucose 耗尽葡萄糖Deposit沉积Derive得到Dermis 真皮Descendants后代Desert 沙漠Desmosomes胞桥体Detected检测Detergents去污剂Detritivore腐食者Detritus腐质；碎屑Diagnoses 诊断Dideoxynucleotide双脱氧核苷酸Diffusion 擴散Digest lactose 消化乳糖Digestion消化Dihybrid cross二元杂种杂交Dihybrid双因子杂种的Dilution稀释Dimethyl二甲基的Diploid and haploid cell二倍体和单倍体细胞Disaccharides二糖Discriminates区别对待Disease 疾病Disease-causing Bacteria病菌Disorders 失调Dispersal mechanisms分散机制Display展现Dissociate分裂Distinct明显Distribution of organisms生物分布Distribution of species物种分布Disturbance干扰Divergent发散，不同，歧Diverse多样化Diversity多样性Dolphin 海豚Domain 域Dominant显性性状Dornase链道酶Droplet液滴Drought干旱；缺乏Dung beetles 蜣螂Duplicated chromosomes重复染色体Duplicated复制Duplication副本Dynamic动力Dynamic biological processes动态生物过程Dynamic动态的Echinodermata 棘皮动物Ecological Niches生态位Ecological role生态作用Ecological生态的Ecology 生态Ecosphere生态圈Ecosystems 生态系统Ectoparasite体外寄生虫Electrophoresis 电泳Eliminate淘汰Elimination （热量）散失Elongated 变长Embryonic胚胎的Embryo胚胎Emissions发射Encode proteins 编码蛋白质Encode 编码Endemic特有的Endocardium 心内膜Endocytosis胞吞Endomembrane内膜Endoparasite体内寄生虫Endoplasmic Reticulum内质网Ensue接踵而至Environmental resistance环境抵抗力Enzyme酶Epicardium 心外膜Epigenetic 后生Epigenetics 实验胚胎学Epiphytes 附生植物Epiphytes附生植物Epithelial 上皮的Erythrocyte红细胞Esophagus 食管Estradiol 雌二醇Euchromatin 常染色质Eukarya真核生物Eukaryotic真核的Eutrophication富营养化Evaporate 使蒸发Evolutionary Divergence进化分歧Evolution演化，进化Evolve进化Exclude排除Exclusion排除Excreted排出Excretion排泄Excretory 排泄器官Exert 发挥Exhale呼气Exhibit呈现Exocytosis胞吐Expense消耗Exploitative competition剥削性竞争External外部的Extinction灭绝Extinct绝种Extreme极端的Facilitation 促进Facultative兼性Family科Fang叮咬Feature特征Fecundity繁殖力Ferns蕨類植物Fertilization受精Fertilize使受孕Fertilized已受精的Fetal 胎儿的Fibers纤维Fibrocartilage 纤维软骨Fibrosis纤维化Filament单纤维Filament长丝Filtration 过滤Finch雀Fitness健康Flagella 鞭毛Flagship 旗舰Flee逃离Flower fly食蚜蝇Fluorescent 发亮的Food chains 食物链Food consumption食物消费Food web 食物网Foothold 据点Forensic辩论的Fragmentation 分裂Fragments of nuclear envelope核膜的碎片Fragments 碎片Fundamental niche基础利基Fungal真菌Fungi 真菌Gametes配子Gametophyte配子體Genetic Diversity遗传多样性Genetic storehouse 遗传基因库Genetics遗传学Genome 基因组Genotype基因型Genus (genera)属Geologic地质学上的Glaciers 冰川Glandular 腺的Glucose葡萄糖Glycoprotein 糖蛋白Graft移植Granules颗粒剂Grasshopper蚂蚱Grasslands 草原Grazers 食草动物Gymnosperm裸子植物Habitat 栖息地Haploid spores单倍体孢子Haploid单倍体，仅有一组染色体的细胞; 单一的Hawks 鹰Hazardous 有危险的Helix螺旋Hemisphere半球Hemophilia血友病Hepatitis肝炎Herbicides除草剂Herbivore草食动物Herbivores 食草动物Herbs 草本植物Herd兽群Heredity遗传Herring gull鲱鱼鸥Heterochromatin 异染色质Heterotroph异养生物Hide躲藏Hierarchical分级Histone 组蛋白History traits历史特征Homeostasis动态平衡Homeostatic稳态Homologous chromosomes同源染色体Homologous同源的Homozygous同型结合的，纯合子的Honeycreepers枸杞子hormonal 激素的host寄主Host宿主Hyaline 透明的Hybridization杂交Hybrid混合的Hydrophilic亲水性Hydration水化Hydrocarbons碳氢化合物Hydrophobic 恐水性Hypertonic高渗压Hypothesis假设Hypotonic低渗压Impose施加Imprinting 印记Inactivate灭活Inactivating使不活动Incapable不会的Inclusions包裹体Incorporates 合并Incorporate吸收Incorporation参入Indicator 指示者Individual个体Inducible operon 可诱导操纵子Inducible 诱导Inductive reasoning 归纳法Infectious diseases传染性疾病Ingested摄入Inherited 遗传Inherit继承Inhibit synthesis抑制合成Inhibit抑制Insecticidal杀虫的Insulin胰岛素Interaction相互作用Interdependent相互依存Interference competition干扰竞争Interference干扰Interphase分裂间期Interspecific competition种间竞争Interspecific种间Intestine 肠Intracellular细胞内Intraspecific种内Intrinsic rate of increase内在增长率Introns 内含子Invade入侵Invasive 侵略性的Invertebrates无脊椎动物Involuntary 无意识的Isotonic等渗的Isotopes同位素Karyotype核型Kelp Forests海带森林Keratins 角蛋白类Keystone重点Keystone species 阶梯物种Kidney 肾脏Kinases 激酶；致活酶Kinetochore microtubule (chromosome spindle fiber) 动粒微管Kinetochore着丝粒Kingdom界Kite 鸢Krill磷虾Kudzu 野葛Lactose repressor protein 乳糖阻遏蛋白Lag phase滞后期Lake trout湖鳟鱼Lamprey七鳃鳗Larvae幼虫Latitude 纬度Lay egg产卵Leach溶解出Leeches水蛭Lichens 地衣Lichen青苔Life span寿命Ligase. [生化] 连接酶Limited有限的Linnaeus林奈Loci轨迹Locus核心; Longhorn beetle天牛Longitude 经度Lysosome溶酶体Machinery 机器Mackerel鲭鱼Macromolecules大分子Malicious恶意的Mammalian哺乳动物Manipulate调整Marine Ecology海洋生态学Maternal母系Mating交配Matrix基质Mayfly 蜉蝣类Mechanisms机制Meiosis减数分裂Mercury contamination 汞污染Metabolic新陈代谢Metabolism新陈代谢Metabolite, 代谢物Metabolized 代谢Metaphase plate赤道板Metaphase中期Methylation 甲基化Microarrays微数列Microscopic微观的Microtubule 微管Microtubule-organizing center微管组织中心Microvilli 微绒毛Mimicry模仿Misconception 错觉Mitochondrial 线粒体的Mitochondria线粒体Mitosis 有丝分裂Mitotic spindle有丝分裂纺锤体Mitotic 有丝分裂的Modification修改Modified 修改Moisten 使变得湿润Moisture湿度Molecules分子Mollusca贝类Monarch君主Monera原核动物Monohybrid单因子杂种Morphological capabilities形态能力Morphological形态的Morphology形态Mortality死亡Mosses苔藓Moth蛾Mutant 基因突变Mutations变异/突变Mutualism互利共生Mutually Exclusive Events互斥事件Myocardium 心肌层Myosin 肌凝蛋白Native当地的Neurofilaments 神经丝Neurons神经元Niche生态位Niche Population Ecology利基人口生态学Nomenclature命名法Nonbiodegradable 非生物可降解的Nonliving factors非生物因素Nonnative (invasive or alien) 外来的Nonpoisonous无毒性的Nourishment营养Nuclear envelope核膜Nuclei原子核Nucleoid类核，病毒核心Nucleosome核小体Nucleotide 核甘酸Nutrient营养成分Oak橡木Obligate专性Ocean communities海洋社区Octopus章鱼Offspring子孙Oogenesis卵子发生Optimal condition真核Order目Organelles细胞器Organisms个体Organism生物Organs & Organ Sy stems器官Orthologous直系同源Osmosis渗透Osseous 骨的Overlaps重叠Overuse过度使用Owls猫头鹰P. bursaria茯苓Paleontology古生物學Palindromic 复发Paramecium caudatum草履虫Parasite寄生生物Parasitic Mistletoe槲寄生Parasitic寄生Parasitoid寄生蜂Partially部分Particularly特别，尤其Partitioning分配Partition划分Paternal父亲的Paternity 父亲身份Pathogens病原体Patterns模式Peat泥炭Pedigree血统Penguins企鹅Peptide肽Pericardium 心包膜Periodic周期的；定期的Peripheral外围的，次要的Periphyton algae附着藻类Permafrost 永久冻土Permeability 渗透性Permeable透水的Permease 透性酶Peroxisome 过氧物酶Pest 害虫Pesticides农药Petrels 海燕Phagocytosis胞噬作用Pharmaceutical 制药的Pharming药物生产Phenotype表现型/显型Phenotypic 表现型Phloem （植物）韌皮部Phosphatases 磷酸酶Phospholipids磷脂Phosphorylating磷酸化Photosynthesis光合作用Photosynthetic prokaryotes 光合原核生物Phylum门Physical interactions物理交互physiological tolerance limits生理耐受极限Physiological生理Phytoplankton浮游生物Pigments色素Pine 松树Pinocytosis胞饮作用Plantae植物界Plasm血浆Plasma membrane原生质膜（浆膜）Plasma血浆Plasmid 质粒Plasminogen血纤维蛋白溶酶原Plasmolysis质壁分离Plastids质体Pliable 容易弯的Polio/poliomyelitis 小儿麻痹症Pollen 花粉Pollinate 给…传授花粉Pollination 授粉Pollinators传粉者Polyadenylated 聚腺苷酸化Polymerase 聚合酶Polymorphism 多态性Polypeptide 多肽Polyploidy多倍体Polysaccharide多糖Population dieback or crash人口倒退或崩溃Population dispersion人口分散Population dynamics人口动态Population ecology人口生态学Populations种群Pose提出…讨论Posttranscriptional Regulation 转录后调节Posttranscriptional 转录后Potential潜在的Prairies （尤指北美的）大草原Precipitation 沉淀/降水量Precursors 前体细胞Predation捕食Predator捕食者Predatory 捕食的Predator捕食者Predominate 占支配地位Prey猎物Producers生产者Projection投影作用Prokaryotes原核生物Proliferate迅速繁殖Prolonged drought 持续干旱Prometaphase中前期Prophase前期Proteases 蛋白酶proteasome 蛋白酶体Proteins蛋白质Proteolytic 水解蛋白的Protista原生动物界Protists原生生物Protozoans原生动物Pseudopodia 假足Pseudostratified 假复层Puffer fish河豚鱼Pulmonary 肺部的Pursuit追赶Radioactively 放射性Rainforest 雨林區Rat鼠Recapture收回Receptormediated受体Recessive 隐性的Recombinant 重组体Recombinant重组Recovery zone 回收区域Reductionism简化论Reenter重返Refuge藏身处Regulate调节Regulatory 监管的Replicated复制Repressor 终止子Reproductive time lag生殖时滞Requirements for moisture水分要求Resemble类似于Reservoirs贮藏所Resource partitioning资源分区Resource资源Respiration呼吸（作用）Respiratory 呼吸的Restriction限制Retreat 撤退Retroviruses逆转录酶病毒Rhinoceros 犀牛Ribosome 核糖体RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶Roundworm蛔虫ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) Runoff径流Salamanders蝾螈Saliva 唾液Sandbar 沙洲Saturated饱和Savanna 熱帶稀树草原Scaffolds 支架Scattered分散的Scavengers食腐动物Sea otter海獭Sea urchins海胆Seaweed （大型）海藻Seal海豹Secondary succession 次生演替Secrete分泌Secretion 分泌Sediments沉淀物Segment 部分Segregate隔离; 分离; 分开; 隔离并区别对待Segregation种族隔离; 分离，隔离; 分离，偏析; 熔析Selective选择的Sense感官Sensory 感官的Septic zone 脓毒性区域Sequencing排序Sequester螯合剂Sexual有性Shark fins 鱼翅Shrews 鼩Shrub灌木Shrublands 灌丛Shuffled洗牌Sickle镰刀Simplify简化Simultaneous同时发生Skeleton 骨架Skunks 臭鼬Slightly略微Snail蜗牛Somatic体壁（躯体）的Space utilization空间利用Specialization专门化Speciation物種形成Species种Spermatogenesis精子发生Sperm精子Spinal 脊柱的Spindle 纺锤体Spliced 拼接Spontaneous自发的Sporophyte孢子体Spotted owl斑点猫头鹰Spot认出Sprays喷雾Squamous 有鳞片的Squid 乌贼Starches (plants) glycogen (animal) 糖原Stem茎Stimulates transcription 刺激转录Stimulate激发Stimuli刺激Stinging刺伤Strain张力Strategies策略Submersible潜水Substrate基质/底层Substrate 基质Subtropica 亚热带Subunit 子单元Succession演替，消长Succulents 多肉植物Suppressor 抑制器Survivorship curve存活曲线Symbiosis合作关系，共生Sympatric lizard同源蜥蜴Sympatric同域的Synapsed homologues复发同系物Synapse突触Synapsis联会Synecology对症治疗Synecology细菌学Synthesis 合成Synthesize 合成Synthesized综合.v Tadpole蝌蚪Taiga 针叶树林地带Tail 尾巴Tainted感染的Tandemly 串联Tandem串联Taxonomic分类法Telophase末期Termination 终止Terminology 术语Terrestrial Plants 陆生植物Terrestrial陆生的Terrestrial陆地的Territory领土Test Cross测交The Biosphere生物圈Theoretical理论Therapeutic治疗的Thylakoid内囊体Ticks蜱Tissues组织Titmouse山雀Tolerance容忍Toxic有毒的Trachea 气管、导管Tracheophyte导管植物Traits性状Transacetylase转乙酰酶Transcriptase 转录酶Transcription转录Translating翻译Transmitted传输（送）Trash fish杂鱼Trophic structure 营养结构Trophic营养的Tropical 热带Troponin 肌钙蛋白Trout鳟鱼Trunk树干Tryptophan operon 色氨酸操纵子Tumefaciens 遗传转化Tumor 肿块Tuna金枪鱼Tundra 冻原带Turgor肿胀Twigs树枝Ubiquitin 泛激素Uncoil解开Uncultivated未经耕作的Unpalatable难吃的Upheaval动荡Ureter 输尿管Urethra 尿道Vaccine疫苗；牛痘苗Vacuole液泡Vegetational 植被的Venom毒液Ventricle 心室Vent通风孔Vertebrate 脊椎动物Vesicle囊泡Vestigial 尚留有痕跡的Viral 病毒性的Vitellogenin 卵黄蛋白原Vulnerable弱势的Weasel 黄鼠狼Whales 鲸鱼Whiplik 鞭形Wildebeests 角马Worm虫Xylem（植物）木質部Yellow jacket wasp小黄蜂Zebra mussel斑马贝Zebrafish斑马鱼Zooplankton浮游动物Zygote受精卵。
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crab：螃蟹land crab：地蟹urchin：海胆jelly：水母；海蜇fish：鱼giant clam：砗磲herring：鲱鱼bird：鸟gull：海鸥；鸥turnstone：翻石鹬sandpiper：矶鹬 wader：涉禽mantis：螳螂frog：青蛙；蛙tadpole：蝌蚪tree 1。
8：树蛙rain 1。
8：雨蛙owl butterfly：猫头鹰蝶山6"：昆虫wasp：蜂；胡蜂 caterpillar：毛虫cabbage white：菜粉蝶 mosquito：feMidas cichlid：双冠丽鱼 sawfly：叶蜂 assassin bug：猎蝽 snow goose：雪雁Arctic fox：北极狐salt water crocodile：湾鳄crocodile：鳄鱼crested hawk：凤头鹃隼peripatus：栉蚕worm：虫；蠕虫；蚯蚓 centipede：蜈蚣tsetse fly：舌蝇；采采蝇 gnat：蚋mushroom：蘑菇 sea louse：鱼虱pipefish：海龙stickleback：刺鱼sea lion：海狮antelope：羚羊；牛羚；角马chinchilla：毛丝鼠；粟鼠；绒鼠hyena：鬣狗；土狼bat：蝙蝠mammal：哺乳动物Christmas Island crab：圣诞地蟹ant：蚂蚁 ep02：elephant seal：象海豹tern：燕鸥fish：鱼gull：海鸥；鸥lacebug：网蝽lacewing：草蛉；草蜻蛉jumping spider：跳蛛snow goose：雪雁duck：鸭goose：雁ground-living 匕1那：走禽Arctic fox：北极狐mammal：哺乳动物opossum：负鼠bee：蜜蜂kangaroo：袋鼠wallaby：沙袋鼠；小袋鼠antelope：羚羊；牛羚；角马saiga：高鼻羚羊；赛加羚羊steppe eagle：草原雕；大花雕；角雕scorpion：蝎子shrew：鼩鼱山6"：昆虫eider duck：绒鸭mara：兔豚鼠；马拉豚鼠；长耳豚鼠guinea pig：豚鼠bat：蝙蝠free-tailed bat：犬吻蝠pine：松树Florida scrub jay：佛罗里达灌丛鸦 indigo snake：森王蛇；靛青蛇 wren：鹪鹩woodpecker：啄木鸟moorhen：黑水鸡elephant：象 chimpanzee：黑猩猩albatross：信天翁tiger shark：虎鲨 ep03：spectacled bear：眼镜熊woolly spider monkey：绒毛蛛猴small red panda：小熊猫bamboo：竹golden bamboo lemur：金竹狐猴；金竹驯狐猴山6"：昆虫caterpillar：毛虫plague beetle：天牛beetle：甲虫milkweed：马利筋marmoset ：狨猴poppy：罂粟bumblebee：熊蜂bee：蜜蜂combretum：风车子monkey：猴squirrel monkey：松鼠猴tamarin：小绢猴capuchin：卷尾猴；僧帽猴bird：鸟lizard：蜥蜴heliconia：蝎尾蕉；赫蕉；海里康hummingbird：蜂鸟violet sabre-wing：紫刀翅蜂鸟 sabre-wing：刀翅蜂鸟columnea：金鱼花；鲸鱼花；可伦花；串金鱼mountain gem hummer：宝石蜂鸟Indian langur monkey：长尾叶猴 flame of the forest：凤凰木ant：蚂蚁mulga tree：金合欢树mangabey：白眉猴chimp：黑猩猩agouti ：驼鼠。
2仁橡树lemur：狐猴aye-aye：指猴spiny pocket mouse：异鼠；刺囊鼠macaw：金刚鹦鹉parrot：鹦鹉eagle：雕；鹰knot：漂鹬；红腹滨鹬dunlin：滨鹬；黑腹滨鹬mollusc：软体动物redshank：红脚鹬shrimp：虾crustacean：甲壳动物stork：鹳heron：苍鹭；鹭egret：鹭；白鹭openbill：钳嘴鹳spoonbill：琵鹭fish：鱼barracuda：梭鱼pelican：鹈鹕gull：海鸥；鸥long-eared tenrec：穴居稻田猬 termite：白蚁gecko：壁虎orb spider：圆蛛；金蛛nephila：络新妇fly：苍蝇；蝇；蚊；虻 argyrodes：寄居姬蛛tropic bird：鹲；热带鸟 frigate：军舰鸟great skua：大贼鸥skua：贼鸥seabird：海鸟kittiwake：m趾鸥puffin：角嘴海雀；海鹦greater black-backed gull：大黑背鸥lesser black-back：小黑背鸥；灰林银鸥seal：海豹sea lion：海狮South American sea lion：南美海狮whale：鲸dolphin：海豚killer whale：虎鲸；逆戟鲸；杀手鲸fishing。
2松渔猫domestic。
2松家猫山。
口$6：鼠现6匕五：野兔；兔frog：青蛙；蛙bird：鸟fish：鱼$山8：蛞蝓thirst snake：食螺蛇American opossum：北美负鼠dingo：澳洲野犬frilled lizard：伞蜥viper：蝰蛇tomato frog：安东暴蛙spotted skunk：斑臭鼬striped skunk：条纹臭鼬；加拿大臭鼬salamander：蝾螈bug：蝽；昆虫wasp：蜂；胡蜂snake：蛇caterpilla：毛虫ant：蚂蚁plant hopper：蜡蝉spider：蜘蛛fruit fly：果蝇山6"：昆虫moss：苔藓bush cricket：丛蟋thorn bug：角蝉orchid：兰 mantis：螳螂 butterfly：蝴蝶termite：白蚁 assassin bug：猎蝽 death adder：棘蛇 skink：石龙子 worm：虫；蠕虫；蚯蚓 blue tit：青山雀；蓝山雀 hawk山。
地：天蛾bromeliad：凤梨 army ant：行军蚁；军蚁 $。
05109：蝎子 millipede：马陆 hawk：鹰 eagle：雕；鹰Harris's hawk：栗翅鹰 saguaro cactus：弁庆柱；萨瓜罗掌 prickly pear：仙人掌 pack 现t 林鼠 cottontail rabbit：林兔；棉尾兔chimpanzee：黑猩猩 monkey：猴Diana monkey：黛安娜长尾猴 spot-nosed monkey：白鼻长尾猴 red colobus：红疣猴 ep05：baboon：狒狒bird：鸟spotted hyena：斑鬣狗hyena：鬣狗；土狼bushbaby：婴猴galago：婴猴tent caterpillar：天幕毛虫swiftlet：金丝燕mammal：哺乳动物bat：蝙蝠山6"：昆虫river dolphin：江豚fish：鱼catfish：鲶鱼rufous elephant shrew：赤象鼩elephant shrew：象鼩black-shouldered kite：黑肩鸢。
2仁橡树jay：松鸦ant：蚂蚁cataglyphis：箭蚁death's-head hawk moth：鬼面天蛾；骷髅天蛾honey bee：蜜蜂potato：马铃薯spiny lobster：真龙虾lobster：龙虾triggerfish：鳞鲀green turtle：绿海龟turtle：海龟Arctic tern：北极燕鸥tern：燕鸥rufous hummingbird：棕煌蜂鸟hummingbird：蜂鸟royal albatross：皇家信天翁albatross：信天翁elver：鳗苗 eel：鳗 ep06： bear：熊wolf：狼bat：蝙蝠mollusc：软体动物hermit crab：寄居蟹 rosy bee-eater：粉红蜂虎匕66-62=6=：蜂虎prairie dog：草原犬鼠 ferret：鼬spide：蜘蛛山6"：昆虫 web-spinner：足丝蚁。
2=651112=：毛虫 moth：蛾tent caterpillar：天幕毛虫 hermit hummingbird：隐蜂鸟 hummingbird：蜂鸟Indian tailorbird：长尾缝叶莺 tent-making bat：尾皮蝠 weaver bird：织雀；织布鸟 shag：鸬鹚 bird：鸟 tern：燕鸥现6匕五：野兔；兔beaver：海狸 wasp：蜂；胡蜂European wasp：德国黄胡蜂Malaysian hover wasp：洁平狭腹胡蜂 ant：蚂蚁giant hornet：虎头蜂；胡蜂 bee：蜜蜂 tropical stingless 匕66：麦蜂 potter wasp：蜾蠃 cliff swallow：美洲燕；崖燕 termite：白蚁 fungus ：真菌 ep07：sambar deer：水鹿 egret：鹭；白鹭 langur monkey ：叶猴 spotted deer：花鹿；斑鹿 deer：鹿monkey：猴 goby：虾虎 shrimp：虾 fish：鱼alga：藻类；海藻 anemone ：海葵hermit crab：寄居蟹「28亚0皿沙蚕 octopus：章鱼 ant：蚂蚁。
2=651112=：毛虫 tree ant：织叶蚁grasshopper：螽斯；蝗虫；蚱蜢 dairy。
亚：奶牛 butterfly：蝴蝶山6"：昆虫 flea：跳蚤；蚤bird：鸟 starling：S^ louse：虱子 bumble bee：熊蜂 mite：螨spider：蜘蛛feather louse：羽虱 bee mite：蜂螨 milkweed：马利筋 moth：蛾bat：蝙蝠 mouse：鼠 beetle：甲虫 tick：蜱；扁虱 finch：雀；地雀 giant tortoise：象龟fish：鱼manta ray：蝠鲼 sea louse：鱼虱 barnacle：藤壶 grouper：石斑鱼 wrasse：濑鱼；裂唇鱼cleaner fish：濑鱼 coral：珊瑚moray eel：海鳝；鱼享 suckerfish：蒯鱼remora：蒯鱼 giraffe：长颈鹿 oxpecker：牛椋鸟worm：虫；蠕虫；蚯蚓 tapeworm：绦虫roundworm：线虫；蛔虫 backboned animal：脊椎动物amphibian：两栖动物 reptile：爬行动物mammal：哺乳动物 threadworm：丝虫；蛲虫mosquito：feprotozoan：原生动物 snail：蜗牛；螺fluke：吸虫flycatcher：鹟flatworm：扁形动物；扁虫 microscopic organism：微生物 buffalo：非洲水牛；非洲野牛leech：水蛭；蚂蟥 ep08：anemone ：海葵strawberry frog：火红箭毒蛙 hummingbird：蜂鸟egret：鹭；白鹭bird：鸟rove beetle：隐翅虫fly：苍蝇；蝇；蚊；虻monkey：猴山6"：昆虫damselfly：豆娘；蟾Midas cichlid：双冠丽鱼 frog：青蛙；蛙pistol shrimp：鼓虾fish：鱼crustacean：甲壳动物mantis shrimp：虾蛄wasp：蜂；胡蜂 caterpillar：毛虫rattlesnake：响尾蛇wolf：狼deer：鹿dog：狗cat：猫zebra：斑马giraffe：长颈鹿lion：狮gorilla：大猩猩bamboo：竹langur ：叶猴hippo：河马Malaysian fly：突眼蝇；炳眼蝇 field cricket：蟋蟀mud。