考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)
高考英语翻译汉译英专题训练100题(含参考答案)
高考英语翻译汉译英专题训练100题（含参考答案）学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、汉译英（整句）1．如今，微信等使我们保持联系的社交媒体正在侵蚀友谊的真义。
（eat）（汉译英）2．健康专家担心：在一个以瘦为美的社会，青少年有时会借助极端的方式来快速减肥。
（定语从句）（汉译英）3．尽管缺乏经验，他还是成功通过了面试并得到了那份梦寐以求的工作。
（despite）（汉译英）4．美国总统为他颁发了金牌，并祝贺他赢得了冠军。
（award）（汉译英）5．你越关注细节，你在考试中犯的错就会越少。
（the+比较级）（汉译英）6．在我看来，这类有关时尚的电视节目不值得一看。
（wroth）（汉译英）7．人类有责任把美好的环境世代相传。
（responsible）(汉译英)8．海洋污染不是一件容易解决的事。
（solution）(汉译英)9．学生们应该意识到盯着别人看是不礼貌的。
(aware)(汉译英)10．同一个词在不同的文化背景中可能含义不同。
（context）The same word may _________.11．人们相信当“福”被倒贴时，幸福到了。
（汉译英）12．就是直到我妈妈回来了我才能看电视。
（汉译英）13．众所周知，（任何）运动比不运动好，特别是长跑有很多益处。
（汉译英）14．有一种我可能无法判断这些网上朋友是不是真朋友的危险。
（汉译英）15．常言道：“分秒必争”。
（汉译英）16．她早早起床，以便为孩子们准备早餐。
（so that）（汉译英）17．学生应该经常和家长交流想法。
（exchange）（汉译英）18．是这位中学生把小女孩送到医院的。
（强调句）（汉译英）19．到明天这个时候，我们将去北京。
(用be doing形式)（汉译英）20．反思你的成功与失败对你的未来有益。
（reflect on...）（汉译英）21．我们设法及时赶到，阻止了事故的发生。
考博英语翻译真题汇总(汉译英-英译汉)
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。
她对我说，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。
我朋友说，她可能会学着直面坏结果。
但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。
孟克(Edvard Munch)的名画《呐喊》哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特(Daniel Gilbert)不久前在《纽约时报》(New York Times)的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的感觉更糟。
我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、抽烟发泄，并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌1000点，而是因为我们不知道道指会不会下跌──不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折磨人。
【英文】A close friend of mine recently underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing part of the ordeal, she said, was the week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome she could learn to cope with, my friend said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty, that was so difficult.'People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur,' wrote Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don't know whether it will fall or not ─ and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they're uncertain about.'一艘货轮卸货后在浩瀚的大海上返航时，突然遭遇了可怕的风暴。
医学考博英语翻译习题
医学考博英语翻译习题An AIDS Mystery Solved(1) About 15 years ago， a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1，the virus that causes AIDS. Much later，public-health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions? containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die. But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune?(2) A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science. contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous?. “Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，”marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re-search，“but the prediction is that they never will.”Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant? that protects its carriers against more virulent strains? of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids.(3) If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century’s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far-reaching implications. “What these results suggest，”says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it.”(4) The strain of HIV that popped up? in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene —known as nef，for negative factor —that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells —white blood cells that are critical to the immune system’s ability to ward off infection —it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence. Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells. People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher.(5) At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full-blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease? inhibitors?. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold.(6) What scientists really want is a vaccine that can prevent infection altogether. And that’s what makes the Sydney virus so promising —and so controversial. Could HIV itself，stripped of nef and adjacent sections of genetic material，provide the basis for such a vaccine，as Deacon and his colleagues cautiously suggest? Ongoing work on SIV，the simian? immunodeficiency virus that causes an AIDS-like illness in monkeys，indicates that this might be less far-fetched than it sounds. Ronald Desrosiers at the New England Regional Primate Re-search Center has demonstrated that when the nef gene is removed from SIV，the virus no longer has the power to make monkeys sick. Moreover，monkeys inoculated? with the nef free SIV developed marked resistance to the more virulent strain.(7) But few scientists are enthusiastic about testing the proposition by injecting HIV —however weakened —into millions of people who have never been infected. After all，they note，HIV is a retrovirus?，a class of infectious agents known for their alarming ability to integrate their own genes into the DNA of the cells they infect. Thus once it takes effect，a retrovirus infection —unlike those of viruses that cause measles，smallpox and any number of others diseases —is permanent. While some retroviruses are benign，others can strike without warning. Some remain hidden for years，only to trigger disease late in life when the immune system starts to decrease.(8) This makes vaccine development extremely risky. A weakened strain of SIV that protected adult monkeys，for example，looked safe until researchers at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston showed that newborn monkeys with immature immune systems did not respond as healthy adults do. All the young primates，in fact，developed the very disease the weakened virus was supposed to prevent. For this and a host of other reasons，most AIDS researchers argue that the only prudent strategy is to concoct? a hybrid? vaccine，putting the key features of a disabled AIDS virus into something more benign than a retrovirus. Among the leading candidates：the vaccinia virus that successfully wiped out smallpox.(9) A handful of researchers，however，argue that the more dangerous retroviral vaccine should not be written off prematurely. Desrosiers，for one，believes the situation in parts of the developing world (where the chance of HIV infection may reach 40% among sexually active adults) has become so desperate that a retroviral vaccine may be worth the ______. A live vaccine made from HIV，he maintains，can be made safer by removing not just the nef gene but several others as well. Desrosiers has found that he can cripple HIV by chemically deleting four of its nine known genes and still get a virus that replicates，at least in chimpanzees.(10) At present，concerns about safety are so overwhelming that efforts to develop a live retroviral vaccine are unlikely to win much support. But that could change as studies of long-term survivors —that small，charmed circle of people who have been infected with the AIDS virus but have remained disease-free —provide new insights into the weaknesses of the viral enemy and the untapped strengths of its human targets. “These individuals，”observes Dr. Warner Greene，director of the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology in San Francisco，“are natural experiments，and they hold a great secret that we are still trying to decipher?.”Indeed，it is entirely possible that the eight Australians who have caused such a stir will be cited by medical texts as the first people on the planet to be successfully，if accidentally，vaccinated against the AIDS virus —a virus that until now has seemed all but invincible.艾滋之谜揭晓(1) 大约在15年前，澳大利亚悉尼有一位人士好心向红十字会捐血，不知道自己已感染HIV-1型——这是造成艾滋病的病毒。
考博英语历年汉译英
1997年Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can ch oose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编10(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Hos advertisement is______ to attract much attention.A．assignedB．calculatedC．definedD．contributed正确答案：B解析：calculate vt．计划，打算(多用被动态，后面跟不定式)；计算，核算：估计，推测(如：The speech was calculated to win votes．The remark was calculated to hurt my feelings．)。
assign vt．指派，选派；分配，布置(作业)(句型：assign sb．to+动词原形：assign sb．sth．/sth．to sb．)。
define vt．给……下定义，解释；限定，规定。
contribute(to)vt．捐献，捐助，贡献；(向报刊)投稿。
2．Our company decided to ______ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A．delayB．resistC．violateD．cancel正确答案：D解析：cancel vt.取消，撤销；删去，划掉。
delay vt.推迟；耽搁，延误。
resist vt.抵抗，反抗：抵制，抗拒。
violate vt.违反，违背；侵犯，妨碍。
3．There were five hundred ______ at the college entrance examination.A．applicantsB．participantsC．candidatesD．students正确答案：C解析：candidate(for)n．报考者；申请求职者；候选人。
博士生中期考核第一部分专业英语试题英译汉（请将下列英文翻译成中文
博士生中期考核第一部分专业英语试题一．英译汉（请将下列英文翻译成中文，时间为30min）As far as the major communicable diseases are concerned, efforts are being made to mobilize financial support to combat tuberculosis, which recently has shown a worrying resurgence. Control programmes were reorganized in several countries, and operational and other studies were supported. The research has produced some important results which may have major implications for policy. A study of rifapentine suggests that it is a promising new drug. A large trial is being organized on the efficacy of sparfloxacin, another new drug, against multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. A study in Uganda on the feasibility of tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis for HIV-infected persons suggests that this intervention is not easily applicable on a large scale in a developing country setting. WHO's global task force on cholera control continues to support activities to strengthen national capacity to prepare for and respond to epidemics. Several cholera vaccines are at different stages of development. All 45 countries where malaria is endemic received WHO financial support for control activities. National plans of work, based on a revised regional control strategy, were drawn up in a number of African countries. WHO, together with other age ncies and NGOs, responded promptly to requests for assistance in combating malaria epidemics in seven countries, including outbreaks among the 500 000 or so Rwandan refugees. In view of the rapid spread of chloroquine-resistant and multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria, a multicentre research programme has been initiated to study ways of retarding development of drug resistance. The synthetic Colombian malaria vaccine Spf66 has been shown to be safe, to induce antibodies and to reduce the risk of clinical malaria by around 30% among children aged under 5 in the United Republic of Tanzania.二．汉译英（请将下列中文翻译成英文，时间为30min）面对繁多治疗方法，病人常会询问哪一个最为有效？以及他们自己对某种治疗的选择是否会影响成功率？很多病人都是本着完全信任医院提供的专业化关怀的心态去看病的，然而，一些病人却不能得到满意的结果，如开给他的药物造成不良反应。
考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷9(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English Translation 7. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．And the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and ______ of youth.A．vagueB．vigorC．vogueD．vulgar正确答案：B解析：vigor精神；trim整齐，整洁；vague含糊的，不清楚的；vogue时髦，流行；vulgar庸俗的，普通的。
2．All specialists agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully ______ the risks and benefits.A．valuingB．evaluatingC．estimatingD．weighing正确答案：D解析：value的意思是estimate the money value of something，即给某物估价，而value sth/sb是“重视某物或某人”的意思；evaluate评估，估价，evaluate sth 一般只是单独的评估某物，不含比较的意思；estimate(粗略)估计成本、大小、价值等；weigh仔细考虑某事物的相当价值或重要性，权衡，斟酌，如weigh the pros and cons权衡正反两方面的意见；此句是说要仔细权衡减肥药物的危险和好处，所以选D最恰当。
考博英语英译汉100句解析
1.The American economic system is. organized around a basically pr ivate-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers large ly determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how re sources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity re sults in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price an d permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
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人大考博英语英译汉专项练习（1-6，含详解）专项练习1Top colleges and universities are rushing into online education, but the big news is the proliferation of a new breed of for-profit online institutions bringing Internet education to the masses. “The Internet will probably be the single most democratizing force in education,”says Columbia Business School Dean Meyer Feldberg, who envisions educational programs being routed through the Net to hundreds of millions of people. The largest online institution is the University of Phoenix (/), with some 6, 000 students today and hopes of reaching 200, 000 students in 10 years. The University offers bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in business management, technology, education and nursing. The institution boasts that if you’re a student “you can earn your degree via the Internet whenever and wherever you want.”The University notes that its degree programs cost far less and may take some students far less time to complete. On the other hand, a Business Week survey of 247 companies found that only a handful would consider hiring applicants who earned their MBA degrees online. Whether that will change as for-profit online universities improve their offerings—and graduates prove their worth —is anyone’s guess.【参考译文】目前一些顶尖高等院校正仓促进行在线教育，但是传出的一条重要消息却是一种新的旨在盈利的在线机构的激增，这些机构正在把因特网网上教育带给广大民众。
“因特网或许会是进入教育领域的惟一的最民主化的力量，”哥伦比亚商业学校教务长Meyer Feldberg说。
他设想通过教育节目的网络来连接亿万民众。
最大的在线的教育机构是凤凰大学( / ), 它目前拥有大约6000名学生，并且10年内学生总数有望达到200000人。
该大学向学生授予商务管理、技术、教育及护理学等专业的学士、硕士和博士学位。
学校夸口说，如果你是一个学生，“无论何时何地只要你需要，都可以通过因特网来获取学位”。
学校特别提到，它的学位课程费用要比一般大学少得多，而且可以让一些学生花较少的时间就完成大学学业。
另一方面，一份《商务周刊》的调查发现在247家公司中，只有少数几家会考虑雇佣获得网上商务管理硕士学位的求职者。
这种情况是否会随着盈利性在线大学教学条件的改善而改变——毕业生是否能证明他们自身的价值——这一切都还是一个未知数。
专项练习2What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? There are several crucial factors. First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would be geniuses which the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the V alley would be a different place. Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk-taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a flesh concept might lead to eventual success. Of equal importance, many bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurshipand job satisfaction than the established companies.【参考译文】美国硅谷与众不同，究竟秘诀何在呢?这里面有若干至关重要的因素。
首先，硅谷有着世界最大、最密集的优秀电脑专才群体、最佳的后援服务体系，并紧密联系着斯坦福大学等世界一流的研究机构，而后者正源源不断地培育出电脑业赖以发展的明日天才。
若缺少这些有利条件，硅谷的面貌便会大不一样。
其次，硅谷大力提倡、甚至鼓吹颂扬冒险精神。
因此失败并不可怕，尝试失败者也无人耻笑。
失败者反而会重整旗鼓、倍加努力。
第三，创业投资家也起了重大作用，他们乐于支持前途看好的新创企业，投入其急需的创业资本以助其起步。
甚至对失败的企业，只要认定其概念新颖，最终有可能成功，有的投资家也会给予第二次机会。
同样重要的是，许多有为青年和中层专才并不热衷任职于老字号公司，他们不计薪酬多寡，宁愿为新创的企业效力，因为新生企业有更广阔的开拓前景，从工作中所获得的满足感也更大。
专项练习3Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these cliches are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. “If we could teach people to think more positively,”says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University in Houston, “it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills.”“Your abilities count.” explains psychologist Michael F Scheier of Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, “ but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will.” In part, that’s because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.【参考译文】你看到的杯子是半满而不是半空的吧?你看炸面圈时，眼睛是盯着面圈，而不是中间的孔吧?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然之间都成了科学问题。
迅速增长的大量研究工作(迄今为止已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15000人)证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。