翻译的基本技巧被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧被动语态的翻译
翻译的基本技巧被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧被动语

态的翻译

Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法

语态转换译法

1 顺译法

1.1 顺译成被动句

1.2 顺译成主动句

2 倒译法

2.1 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

2.2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

2.3 倒译成汉语的无主句

3 分译法

一、顺译法

既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。

1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order)

1. 1 顺译成被动句

A.译成“被”字

所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。

例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated.

【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。

例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate.【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。

例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre)

【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。

B. 译成“挨”字句

“挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。

例1:The boy was criticized yesterday.

【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。

例2:I was caught in the downpour.

【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。

C. 译成“给”字句

“给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者(受事者)不愉快或不愿接受的句子。

例1:Our clothes were soaked with sweat.

【译文】我们的衣服给汗水湿透了。

例2:The crops were washed away by the flood.

【译文】庄稼给大水冲跑了。

例3:Your car was towed away by a towing truck from Lewis Company.

【译文】路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车给拖走了。

D. 译成“叫、让、由、受、遭到、受到、予、予以、加、加以、引以、为……所、经……所”等字句,用以加强说话、表达语气。

例1:You have been wetted in the rain.

【译文】你叫雨淋湿了。

例2:The γ-rays are not affected by an electric field.

【译文】γ射线不受电场影响。

例3:A lot of houses and buildings, roads and bridges were damaged in the seaquake.

【译文】许多房屋建筑、道路桥梁在这次海啸中遭到破坏。

例4:It must be dealt with at the appropriate time with appropriate means.

【译文】这件事必须在适当的时候用适当的手段予以处理。

课堂互动1:翻译下列句子, 顺译成被动句。

1.Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.

【译文】立功的人将受到奖励。

2.A program called a compiler was written by an expert in machine code and is stored in the computer.

【译文】编译程序先由专家用机器代码编码写好,然后储存在计算机中。

3.Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to.【译文】翻译技巧应予以足够的重视。

4.The applicants interviewed are required to hand in some necessary material.

【译文】被谈过话的申请人,要求交上必要的材料。

5.Television keeps us informed about current events at home and abroad.

【译文】电视使我们了解国内外大事。

1. 2 顺译成主动句

A. 顺译成形式是主动,意义上是被动的句子

把英语句子顺译成主动句,其形式是主动,但从意义和逻辑关系上看还是被动句。

例1:Love can not be forced.

【译文】爱情不能强求。

例2:Love and cough cannot be hidden.

【译文】爱情和咳嗽都无法隐藏。

例3:My holidays afternoons were spent in rambling about the surrounding country. (Washington Irving)

【译文】每逢假日的下午,我总要漫步周围的乡村。

例4:Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with medicine.

【译文】疾病必须先确诊,再用药。

B. 改变原文的谓语动词,顺译成主动句

如果把英语的被动句译成汉语的被动句,则不符合汉语的语言习惯,所以常可将英语的被动句顺译成汉语的主动句,原文的谓语动词是被动形式,可转变谓语,顺译成汉语的主动形式。

例1:The teacher was satisfied with the answer.

【译文】老师对回答感到满意。

例2:I am told you are careless.

【译文】听说你很粗心大意。

例3:The long river is originated from that high mountain.【译文】这条大河发源于那座山。

C. 顺译成“是……的”结构

英语句子要着重表示的不是受事者受到了某个行动这样一个事实本身,而是与这个行动有关的一些具体情况,如时间、地点、方式、方法等。也就是说,句子里强调的是行动的静态而不是动态的含义。这样就

可以顺译成汉语的“是……的”的句式。其框架为“受事者—是—动词—的”。

例1:That ridiculous idea was put forward by his brother.

【译文】这个怪念头是他哥哥想出来的。

例2:The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.

【译文】美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。

例3:Poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the lyre.

【译文】诗歌吟唱时是由七弦琴伴奏的。

例4:The left ear is controlled by the right side of the brain.【译文】左耳是由大脑的右侧控制的。

课堂互动2:翻译下列句子, 顺译成主动句

1.This is a question to be answered at once.

【译文】这是一个要立即回答的问题。

2.We are deeply touched by the hero’s loyalty to the cause.【译文】我们深为英雄忠于事业的精神所感动。

3.The novels of Dickens have already been translated into many languages.

【译文】狄更斯的小说已经译成了好几种语言。

4.The discovery is highly appreciated in the circle of agricultural science.

【译文】这一发现在农业科学界得到很高的评价。

5.Wells and spring are supplied with underground water.

【译文】井水和泉水都是地下水。

6.I was received by a tall, lithe, vibrant woman in her 70’s, white-haired, and still beautiful.

【译文】接见我的是一位高挑轻盈、满头银发的女人。虽然年逾古稀,却依然神采奕奕、风韵犹存。

2. 倒译法 (Translation in Reverse Order)

倒译法就是将英语被动句的主语汉译成宾语的翻译方法。倒译法又分完全倒译法和部分倒译法。完全倒译法是把原文by或其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语;部分倒译法译出的汉语句子常是无主句。

2. 1 把 by 后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

例1:Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man.

【译文】然而,人类只利用了这种能量的一部分。

例2:Rivers are controlled by dams.

【译文】拦河大坝把河流控制住了。

例3:We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism.

【译文】社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。

例4:Light and heat can be given to us by the sun.

【译文】太阳供给我们光和热。

例5:At least two quarts of water are required daily by a normal individual.

【译文】一个正常的人每天至少需要两夸脱的水。

2. 2 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语

例1:Heat is removed from the body during sweating.

【译文】出汗时人体散发热量。

例2:Abundant exercises and problems are provided in this reference book.

【译文】这本参考书提供了大量的练习和问题。

例3:The same signs and symbols of mathematics are used throughout the world.

【译文】全世界都使用同样的数学记号和符号。

例4:50 laboratories have been built in our school.

【译文】我们学校已建立了50个实验室。

例5:The compass was invented in China 4 000 years ago.

【译文】4000年前中国发明了指南针。

2. 3 倒译成汉语的无主句

将原文主语倒译成汉语的宾语,译出的汉语句子常是无主句。有时也会译成动宾词组作主语的句子,这种译法更符合汉语习惯,通顺自然。对于原文中未提及动作执行者(施事者)的句子常可采取这种翻译方法。

例1:Quality of products must be guaranteed first.

【译文】首先要确保产品的质量。

例2:The goods are urgently needed.

【译文】急需此货。

例3:Smoking is not allowed here.

【译文】此处禁止吸烟。

例4:Children should be taught to speak the truth.

【译文】应该教育儿童讲真话。

例5:You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.

【译文】书到后应立即付款。

课堂互动3:运用倒译法翻译下列句子

1.Tremendous research work is required to bring about such fantastic speeds.

【译文】要达到如此神奇的速度,需要进行大规模的研究工作。2.Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.

【译文】赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口,在图尔库还建成了一所大学。

3.The matter was never mentioned again ever since.

【译文】从那以后再也没有提起过那件事。

4.I am saying that if they are read in a historical order, the effort is rewarded.

【译文】我是说,如果按历史顺序阅读,则不会徒劳无益。

3 分译法 (Splitting Translation)

把原文的主语部分或被动式谓语动词从原文中分出来,单独译成一个带主语或不带主语的分句,放在句首,剩余部分再译成一句或几句,跟在其后。

3. 1 “It + be + V.-ed + that-cl. ”结构

It is asked that …有人会问……

It is asserted that …有人主张……

It is felt that …有人感到……;人们认为……;

It is preferred that…有人建议……

It is recommended that …有人建议……;有人推荐……

It is suggested that …有人建议……

It is stressed that …有人强调说……

It will be said that …有人会说……

It is believed that …有人相信……

It is estimated that …有人估计……

It is announced that …有人通知……; 有人宣称……

It is pointed out that …有人指出……

It is claimed that …有人宣称……

It is declared that …有人提出……

It is described that …有人介绍说……

It has been objected that …有人反驳说……

It is thought that …人们认为……;有人认为……

It is taken that …人们认为……

It is reputed that …人们认为……

It is regarded that …人们认为……

It is noticed that …人们注意到……;有人指出……It is noted that …人们注意到……;有人指出……

It is sometimes asked that …人们有时会问……

It was told that …人们曾说……

It is supposed that …人们猜测……

It is expected that …人们希望……

It is hoped that …人们希望……

It is still to be hoped that …我们仍应希望……

It is generally considered that …大家认为……

It is well known that …众所周知……

例1:It is pointed out that there may be as many as 100 000 different sorts of proteins in a man’s body.

【译文】有人指出人体内不同种类的蛋白质可多达10万种。

例2:It is well known that laughter has a tonic effect on the mind and body, suffusing the body with a feeling of well-being.【译文】人们知道,笑具有健身作用,身心皆宜,它可以使人体充满一种愉快的感觉。

例3:During the enquiry, it was discovered that her death had not been an accident.

【译文】在调查中,人们发现她并非死于意外事故。

例4:It is generally assumed that the ascertainment and recording of facts is the technique of history, and that the phenomena in the province of this technique are the social phenomena of civilization.

【译文】一般人都认为考核和记录事实是历史的方法,在这种方法使用范围以内的现象就是文明的社会现象。

3. 2 “S + be + v.-ed + to-v.”结构

原句的主语是名词或人称代词,翻译时添加“有人,人们,大家,我们”等,译成分句,其余部分分层译出。此结构如下:

S + be known to-V …大家知道,…… /人们(都)知道,……S + be held to-V …人们认为,……

S + be considered to-V …我们认为,……

S + be found to –V …人们发现,……

S + be thought to-V …有人认为,……

例1:All bodies on the earth are known to possess weight.

【译文】人们(都)知道,地球上的一切物质均具有重量。

例2:Little Derick was found at his book in the reading room.【译文】有人看见小德里克在阅览室看书。

例3:The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time.【译文】人们很早就知道油井的存在。

例4:She was much run after in her youth.

【译文】她年轻时,有许多人追求她。

3. 3 译成“据”字句

原句的主语也是名词或人称代词,翻译时常把被动的部分译成“据……”,然后再按主谓顺序译出其余部分。常见于下列句型结构。S + be said to-V …据说……

S + be reported to-V …据报道……

S + be stated to-V …据称……

S + be known to-V …据了解……

例1:She is said to have studied English for three years.

【译文】据说她已经学了三年英语。

例2:The area is known to be rich in natural resources.

【译文】据了解,这个地区有丰富的自然资源。

例3:The coming physics examination is said to be rather difficult, so we get well prepared for it.

【译文】即将举行的物理考试据说相当难,所以我们必须做好充分准备。

例4:The novel is said to be translated into English

【译文】那部小说据说即将译成英语。

3. 4 译成汉语的无主句

原句的主语是名词或人称代词,翻译时常把被动的部分提出来根据时态、语气、语义灵活翻译成汉语的无主句。

S + be now thought to-V …现在认为,……

S + have been found to-V …已经发现,……

S + should be pointed out that …应当指出……

S + may be safely said that …可以有把握地说……

例1:It is now thought to have infoldings and outpouchings.

【译文】现在认为,它有内褶和外鼓。

例2:The so-called precious pearls have been found to be common stones.

【译文】已经发现,那些所谓的宝珠竟然是些普通的石头。

例3:You are cordially invited to a party to be given at the Teachers’ Club at 3 p.m. Nov. 23.

【译文】谨订于11月23日下午3时在教师俱乐部举行晚会,敬请光

临。

课堂互动4:运用分译法翻译下列句子

1.Guilin is known to be one of the most beautiful places in China.

【译文】人们(都)知道,桂林是中国最美的地方之一。

2.It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.

【译文】大家认为这样做是不妥当的。

3.Yet, what we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.

【译文】不过,我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久地记住。我们在这里所做的事却能改变世界。

结论

英汉两种语言都有被动语态,有时可将英语被动句翻译成汉语的被动句,但多数情况下,并不保留被动结构,而译成主动结构。

翻译的基本技巧 被动语态的翻译

翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1 顺译法 顺译成被动句 顺译成主动句 2 倒译法 把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 倒译成汉语的无主句 3 分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1 顺译法 (Translation in Original Order) 1. 1 顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿接受的。 例1:Vitamin C is destroyed when it is overheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Once the flower has been pollinated and fertilized, the plant provides the newly formed seeds with a reserve of food materials, which will be needed when they themselves germinate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。例3:She thought all was fair and legal, and never dreamt she was going to be entrapped into a feigned union with a defrauded wretched, already bound to a bad, mad, and imbruted partner! (Charlotte Bront?: Jane Eyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B. 译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:The boy was criticized yesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:I was caught in the downpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C. 译成“给”字句

被动语态的翻译

被动语态翻译 英语中被动语态使用范围很广,凡是在不必或不愿说出或无从说出施动者以及为了便于连贯上下文或者为了强调动作的承受者等场合,往往都用被动语态。英语被动句的翻译主要有以下几种情况: 一、译成汉语主动句。 1.原句中的主语、谓语不变,译文中没有表示被动的标志,如“被、把”字等,形式上是主动句,表达被动意义。例如:Eg. On Practice has been translated into many foreign languages. 《实践论》已译成许多国家的文字。Eg. The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内,全国就武装起来了。 2.原句中的主语移到谓语之后,译作宾语。Eg. Another middle school has been set up in our district.我们区又办了一所中学。Eg. 1,200 people had been saved soldiers in the earthquake. 在地震中,战士们已救出1200人。 3.译成带表语的主动句。Eg. The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。Eg. In the old society,women were looked down upon. 在旧社会,妇女们是受歧视的。 4.含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句。以it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常要转为主动形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。例如:Eg. It is reported that the enemy has been breeding new strains of killer viruses.据报道敌人正在培育新的杀人病毒。Eg. It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday.有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。Eg. It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colours.众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。 这类句型还有:it is said that... /It is supposed that.../It must be pointed out that.../It is asserted that.../It is generally considered that... 二、译成汉语被动句 为了强调被动动作或突出施动者时,可以将英语被动句译为汉语被动句。 1.汉语句中有“被”、“遭受”等词。Eg. North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain,which caused severe flooding.华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击,引起了严重的水灾。Eg. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2.译成“为……所”的结构。Eg. Granny Wang was forced by familv circumstances to enter a knitting mill in Shanghai as a child labourer at the age of twelve. 王大妈为家境所迫,十二岁就到上海一家针织厂作童工。Eg. I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card. 我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞卡上了。三、译成“招”、“使”和“由”字句 Eg. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。Eg. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。Eg. By evening the occupation was complete,and the people were chased off the streets by an eight o'clock curfew. 至傍晚,占领已告完成八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街上赶回家。四、译成无主语句 Eg. Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。Eg. Methods are found to take these materials out of the rubbish and use them again. 现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。 综上所述,英语被动句多数情况下译成汉语的主动句,只有在特别强调被动动作或特别突出被动句才译成汉语被动句。我们要选一种既符合汉语习惯,又保持上下文连贯的译法。同时,既要注意语态转换的一般规则,也要注意其例外情况,有的被动语态形式已习语化了,更是不可忽视的。

翻译技巧2

第二节词类转译(Conversion) 在英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词对译,有些则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同而无法“一个萝卜一个坑”,原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类,汉语译文才通顺、自然。有4种情况: 一、转译成动词 英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得多,可以几个动词或动词性结构连用,而英语句子中往往只有一个谓语动词。如:He admires the President stated decision to fight for the job.谓语动词只有一个admire,其它的是过去分词stated、派生名词decision、不定式to fight和介词for. 汉语没有词形变化,但可以几个动词连用译成。汉语应该是:“他对总统声明为保住其职位而决心奋斗表示钦佩。” 英语中有不少词类,尤其是名词、介词、形容词、副词,在汉译时常转译成动词 (一)名词转动词 英语中大量由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词往往转译成动词: 1.动词派生的名词转译成动词,在政论文体中使用较多。 1)Abraham Lincoln fought for the abolition of slavery. 林肯为废除奴隶制而奋斗。 2.含有动作意思的名词转译成动词,在记叙文和描述性文体中使用较多。1)He had a plan to study abroad. 他曾打算去国外留学。 3. 英语中有些加后缀的名词,有时并不总是指其身份和职业,而是含有较强的动作意味。在汉语中没有对应的名词时,往往译成动词。 1)He is a very good story-teller. 他善于讲故事。 2)He is a lover of Chinese painting.他喜爱中国画。 3)Some of you in your class are good singers.你们班上有些人歌唱得很好。 但如确指职业,不再转译:She’s a well-known singer.她是位著名的歌唱家。 4.作为习语主体的名词往往可以转译成动词。 1)Shall we have a res t? 我们休息一下,好吗? 2)Let me have a try. 我来试一下。 (二) 介词转动词 英语中含有动作意味的介词汉译时可以译成动词。 1)Jiao Yulu worked long hours, on meager food, in cold hut, by dim lamp. 焦裕禄吃着简单的饭食,住在寒冷的草棚,靠着昏暗的灯光,长时间地工作着。 (三)形容词转译成动词 英语中表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词,在联系动词后做表语时,往往转译成动词。诸如,able, afraid, angry , anxious, ashamed, aware, careful, cautious, certain, concerned, confident, delighted, doubtful , ignorant, glad, grateful, sorry, sure ,thankful,… 1) The doctors said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生们说他们不敢肯定能否挽救他的生命。

翻译技巧2

1.重复法 有时,为了强调或使行文生动, 往往需要对一些关键词加以重复,以便给读者留下深刻的印象。 Gentlemen may cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 1.1 英译汉 英语和汉语中都有省略现象。英语多按语法形式省略以避免重复,多省略所有格、形容词和介词后面的名词,助动词、不定式后面的动词,系动词后面的表语,主谓一致时的主语或谓语等。译成汉语时,这些省略掉的词语往往要补上,这就构成了汉语的重复。 1.1.1 原文为省略表达 They seek to attract, retain and develop other people to their full abilities. 他们设法吸引大家,留住他们,并使他们充分发挥才能。 Let’s make joint efforts to build a peaceful, beautiful and prosperous new world. 让我们共同努力,建立一个和平的新世界、美丽的新世界和繁荣富强的新世界。 1)重复英语名词 The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients. 医生从我身上得到的实践,会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。 I don’t like chocolate icecream, I prefer vanilla. 我不喜欢巧克力冰淇淋,我更喜欢香草冰淇琳。 2)重复英语动词 Our goal is to improve the productivity as well as the income of the farmers. 我们的目的是提高生产力,同时,还要提高农民的收入。 They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定,他是否履行了受雇条件,是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。 1.1. 2.原文为替代结构 英语中的替代结构主要有代词、替代词so、替代动词do等。英语往往用代词来替代上文刚出现过的名词,而汉语则更习惯于重复名词。英语中的代动词及代动词词组,如do、do so、do it 等,在译成汉语时往往用重复法译成动词。另外,英语中的替代句型,如if so、“so do +主语”等,也常用重复法译成汉语。 1)重复句中被代词替代的名词 Happy families also had their own trouble. 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。 All bodies consist of molecules and these of atoms. 一切物体都有分子组成,分子又是由原子组成。 He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败,他一生中曾战胜失败、超越失败、并且藐视别人的失败。 If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子,这个原子必然有三个电子,使之不带电荷。 2)重复英语中做先行词的名词 英语中的定语从句常用关系词引导,关系词 有两个语法功能:(1)它代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(名词或代词);(2)它在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有先行词,因此,在英译汉时,往往需要重复这个作先行词的名

被动语态翻译题

被动语态练习题 1.我们希望你尽快完成那项工作。 2我们已在会议上讨论了那个重大的问题。 3.学生们经常在课上做那样的练习题。 4.明年他们将在这条河上建一座新大桥。 5.你的家庭作业做完了吗? 6.这家工厂制作这种自行车。 7.上课之前我们必须交上数学练习本。

8.我们把这个房间当作会议室使用。 9.明天他们会完成植树吗? 10.你可以早一点做完它。 11.我看见她从学校出来了。 12.她给了我一件生日礼物。 13.我们还没有担完水。 14.你能在两小时之内干完活吗? 15.我从没听他说过关于这件事.

16.即使问题的确出现了,也可以轻易地得到改正或解决。 17.在全体工作人员的共同努力下,这项生产计划得以顺利实施。 18.人们重新发现了古代文明。 19.教授们因此得到了报酬。 20.人们预计直到2000年那个国家的失业率都会保持稳定。 21.必须立刻处理他频繁的逃课问题。

22.人脑与电脑的区别可以用一个词形容:复杂性。 23.从那以后人们通常认为它是一把双刃剑,就像人的克隆一样,在增加我们的财富以及给我们带来舒适的同时,其潜在的危险又让人们感到恐慌。 24.人们相信核能是我们这个时代最伟大的革新之一,然而人们又担心它会毁灭世界。 25.一种在世界范围内迅速传播的计算机病毒已

经感染了50000多台电脑。 26.大体上来说,人可以分为三种:一种是劳累至死的,一种是忧心至死的,还有一种无聊至死的。 27.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定把握的, 然而,必须具备两个条件:能够假定这个孩子与他的竞争能力对手对考试已经有着相同的态度;他也不会因为缺乏对手们已掌握的有关知识而被处罚。

英汉翻译方法1——被动语态译法

被动语态的翻译 教学内容 ?1、英语中常用被动语态的情况 ?Why passive voice is used in English? ?2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式 ?How the sense of “passiveness” is conveyed in Chinese ?3、英语被动语态的翻译 Memo ?Suppose a little boy broke someone’s window. ?1. Your son broke my window. ?2. The window was broken by your son. ?Notes: If the owner of the house wants to complain to the boy’s parent, he would say “1”; ?But if he just talks about the window and does not want to trace the responsibility of the incident he would simply say “2”. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel. ?一、被动语态在英语中的运用 被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩,结构更简单,还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。 ?1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如: Such books are written for children. We haven’t been told about it. The English evening has been put off till Saturday. ?2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如: You are requested to give a performance. It is said that you were late for class this morning. Why were your late? ?3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如: You’re wanted on the phone. The problem is being studied. Rice is chiefly grown in the south. ?4、为了便于上下衔接。例如: He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.

翻译的基本技巧--被动语态的翻译

精心整理 翻译的基本技巧——语态转换译法 语态转换译法 1顺译法 1.1顺译成被动句 1.2顺译成主动句 2倒译法 2.1把by后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.2把其他介词后的宾语倒译成汉语的主语 2.3倒译成汉语的无主句 3分译法 一、顺译法 既保留原文的主语,又要使译文主要成分的顺序和原文大体一致的翻译方法就叫顺译法。 1顺译法(TranslationinOriginalOrder) 1.1顺译成被动句 A.译成“被”字 所谓“被”字句,就是在汉语的动词前面加上一个“被”字来表示被动的句子。主要表示这个动作不利于受事者或这个情况有点特殊,或者出乎意料。加上“被”字以引起读者的注意并表示“被”这一动作动作接受者(受事者)是不乐意或不情愿

接受的。 例1:VitaminCisdestroyedwhenitisoverheated. 【译文】维生素C受热过度就会被破坏。 例2:Oncetheflowerhasbeenpollinatedandfertilized,theplantprovidesthenewlyformedseedswithar eserveoffoodmaterials,whichwillbeneededwhentheythemselvesgerminate. 【译文】花一旦被授了粉并受了精,植株就会对新生种子提供养料贮藏,以备种子未来发芽之需。 例3:Shethoughtallwasfairandlegal,andneverdreamtshewasgoingtobeentrappedintoafeignedunio nwithadefraudedwretched,alreadyboundtoabad,mad,andimbrutedpartner!(CharlotteBront?: JaneEyre) 【译文】她以为一切都是公正合法的,做梦也没想到过自己竟会被诱入欺诈婚姻的圈套,跟一个骗子、疯子、十足的坏蛋缔结姻缘。 B.译成“挨”字句 “挨”仅用于翻译该动作是对动作接受者(受事者)不利或不好的句子。 例1:Theboywascriticizedyesterday. 【译文】这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评。 例2:Iwascaughtinthedownpour. 【译文】我在大雨中挨浇了。 C.译成“给”字句 “给”也是用于翻译该动作对动作接受者(受事者)不愉快或不愿接受的句子。 例1:Ourclothesweresoakedwithsweat.

第三章 翻译的基本技巧2

第三章翻译的基本技巧 Translation Techniques 第二部分 Part Two Procedures of today: * Amplification vs. Omission * Affirmation vs. negation * Repetition * Exercises in class * Assignments of today 增译法 Amplification p.p.41—43 * 英译汉的增词主要是出于汉语表达的需要,用增词法译出原文所省略的词语,增添必要的连接词、量词或复数概念,表现不同的时态或先后顺序,或从修辞连贯等方面考虑,使译文的遣词造句符合汉语的表达习惯。 * 汉译英的增词旨在使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯,常用于代词、冠词、连接词以及介词的增添。 Some more examples: * Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. * 物质可以转化为能量,能量也可以转化为物质。 * Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. * 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训好。 * Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. * 因为空气具有重量,所以处在空气中的任何物体都会受到空气的作用力。 * The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. * 群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。 * We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. * 我们不会后退,我们从来没有后退过,我们将来也决不会后退。

被动语态翻译练习

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