写作时重要的学术词汇表
写作备考必备词汇
写作备考必备词汇备考写作考试时，丰富的词汇量是至关重要的。
通过灵活运用多样的词汇，能够提升文章的表达能力，增强语言的魅力。
本文将介绍一些备考写作考试时必备的词汇，以帮助读者提高写作水平。
一、表示因果关系的词汇1. 因果关系的引导词：as a result, consequently, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly2. 表示原因的词汇：due to, because of, owing to, since, as, in view of, on account of3. 表示结果的词汇：result in, lead to, bring about, give rise to, cause, have an effect on二、表示对比和对立的词汇1. 表示对比的词汇：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, whereas, while2. 表示对立的词汇：but, yet, still, though, although, despite, in spite of, regardless of, instead of三、表示举例和解释的词汇1. 表示举例的词汇：for example, for instance, such as, like, including, among others2. 表示解释的词汇：that is, in other words, namely, in particular, specifically speaking, to put it simply四、表示观点和看法的词汇1. 表示观点的词汇：in my opinion, in my view, from my perspective, I believe, I think, I am convinced that2. 表示强调的词汇：indeed, undoubtedly, certainly, without a doubt, absolutely, definitely, clearly五、表示转折和递进的词汇1. 表示转折的词汇：however, yet, nevertheless, on the other hand, whereas, despite, in spite of, however2. 表示递进的词汇：furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, besides, what's more, not only...but also六、表示总结和归纳的词汇1. 表示总结的词汇：in conclusion, in summary, to sum up, all in all, ina word, to conclude, ultimately2. 表示归纳的词汇：in general, generally speaking, on the whole, as a whole, overall七、表示时间和顺序的词汇1. 表示时间的词汇：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, next, then, afterwards, meanwhile, eventually, at last2. 表示顺序的词汇：first, second, third, last, before, after, earlier, later, previously, initially八、表示强调和概括的词汇1. 表示强调的词汇：above all, particularly, especially, notably, significantly, importantly2. 表示概括的词汇：in general, generally speaking, overall, on the whole, as a whole以上所列举的词汇只是备考写作考试时必备的一部分，通过词汇量的充实和训练，可以提高写作的表达能力，使文章更富有说服力和逻辑性。
高中生英语写作词汇积累
【导语】英语词汇积累越多，越有利于我们⾼中的英语作⽂写作。
⽆忧考为⼤家提供《⾼中⽣英语写作词汇积累》，欢迎阅读。
1.⾼中⽣英语写作词汇积累 1. ambiguity 歧义 2. denotation 字⾯意思 3. connotation 暗含意思 4. impractical 不切实际的 5. intellectual development 智⼒发展 6. interaction 交流 7. thinking capacity 思考能⼒ 8. universal language 世界语 9. linguistic studies 语⾔学研究 10. a means of communication ⼀种交流⼯具 11. mechanical translation 机械翻译 12. untranslatable 不宜翻译的 13. develop linguistic skills 培养语⾔技能 14. verbal communication ⼝头交流 15. grammatical rules 语法规则 16. context 语境 17. core 核⼼ 18. translation 笔译 19. interpretation ⼝译 20. a complex progress ⼀个复杂过程 21. cream 精华 22. cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维 23. obscure 晦涩的 24. readability 朗朗上⼝ 25. an unrealistic dream ⼀个不切实际的梦想 26. comprehensive knowledge 全⾯的知识 27. communicate with others directly, and freely 与他⼈直接⾃由交流 28. face-to-face communication ⾯对⾯交流 29. stimulate one’s interest 激发了…的兴趣 30. artificial intelligence ⼈⼯智能 31. help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way 帮助孩⼦更⽣动，互动地学习⼀门外语 32. miraculous 令⼈惊叹的 33. increase efficiency 提⾼效率 34. easy accessibility 易于操作 35. make astounding advances 突飞猛进 36. enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学⼿段 37. expertise 专业知识 38. flourishing 繁荣兴旺的 39. speedy communication 快速的交流 40. read between the lines 读懂暗含的意思 41. language acquisition 语⾔习得 42. term 术语 43. implication 含义 44. be fully aware of… 充分意识到… 45. optimistic 乐观的 46. pessimistic 悲观的 47. drawback 弊端 48. precious gift 宝贵的礼物 49. linguist 语⾔学家 50. mission impossible 不可能的任务2.⾼中⽣英语写作词汇积累 1. 交通堵塞 traffic jam 2. 跟某⼈开玩笑，欺骗某⼈ play a trick on sb. 3. 处于困境(苦恼)中 be in trouble 4. ⼀条裤⼦ a pair of trousers 5. 上⼤学 attend university 6. 拜访某⼈ pay a visit to sb. 7. ⾼声地(喊) at the top of one’s voice 8. 在交战 at war 9. 穿旧;使筋疲⼒尽 wear out 10. 拔草 pull out the weeds 11. 穿着⽩⾊⾐服 be dressed in white 12. 通盘，作为整体 as a whole 13. 总的来说 on the whole 14. 有志者事竟成。
【优质】英语学术词汇表
【优质】英语学术词汇表《英语学术词汇表》第1组《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表，它包含了学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类)，除了第10小类包含30个词目外，其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1（第1类）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第2类）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalysisapproachareaassessmentassumeauthorityavailablebenefitconceptconsistentconstitutionalcontextcontractcreatedatadefinitionderiveddistributioneconomicenvironmentestablishedestimateevidenceexportfactors financial formula function identified income indicate individual interpretation involved issueslabourlegal legislation major method occur percent periodpolicy principle procedure process required research responserolesection sector significant similar source specific structuretheoryvariableSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveacquisitionadministrationaffectappropriateaspectsassistancecategorieschaptercommissioncommunitycomplexcomputerconclusionconduct consequences construction consumer credit cultural design distinction elements equation evaluation featuresfinalfocus impact injury institute investment items journal maintenance normal obtained participation perceived positive potential previous primary purchaserangeregionregulationsrelevantresidentresourcesrestrictedsecuritysoughtselectsitestrategiessurveytexttraditionaltransferSublist 3 of the Academic Word List alternativecircumstancescommentscompensation components consent considerable constant constraints contribution convention coordination core corporate corresponding criteria deduction demonstrate document dominant emphasis ensure excluded framework funds illustrated immigration impliesinitial instance interaction justification layerlinklocation maximum minoritiesnegativeoutcomespartnershipphilosophyphysicalproportionpublishedreactionregisteredrelianceremovedschemesequencesexshiftspecifiedsufficienttasktechnicaltechniquestechnologyvalidityvolumeSublist 4 of the Academic Word List access adequateannualapparentapproximatedattitudesattributedcivilcodecommitmentcommunication concentration conference contrastcycledebate despite dimensions domestic emergederrorethnicgoalsgrantedhence hypothesis implementation implications imposed integration internal investigation joblabel mechanism obvious occupational optionoutputoverall parallel parameters phase predictedprincipalpriorprofessionalprojectpromoteregimeresolutionretainedseriesstatisticsstatusstresssubsequentsumsummaryundertakenSublist 5 of the Academic Word List academicadjustmentalteramendmentawarecapacitychallengeclausecompoundsconflictconsultationcontactdeclinediscretiondraftenableenergyenforcement entities equivalent evolution expansion exposure external facilitate fundamental generated generation image liberal licence logic marginal medical mental modified monitoring network notion objective orientation perspective precise prime psychology pursueratio rejected revenue stability stylessubstitutionsustainablesymbolictargettransitiontrendversionwelfarewhereasSublist 6 of the Academic Word List abstractaccurateacknowledgedaggregateallocationassignedattachedauthorbondbriefcapablecitedcooperativediscriminationdisplaydiversitydomaineditionenhancedestateexceedexpertexplicitfederalfeesflexibility furthermore gender ignored incentive incidence incorporated index inhibition initiatives input instructions intelligence interval lecture migration minimum ministry motivation neutral nevertheless overseas preceding presumption rational recovery revealed scope subsidiary tapestrace transformation transportunderlyingutilitySublist 7 of the Academic Word List adaptation adultsadvocateaidchannelchemicalclassicalcomprehensivecompriseconfirmedcontraryconvertedcoupledecadesdefinitedenydifferentiationdisposaldynamiceliminateempiricalequipmentextractfilefinitefoundationglobalgrade guarantee hierarchical identical ideology inferred innovation insert intervention isolated media mode paradigm phenomenon priority prohibited publication quotation release reverse simulation solely somewhat submitted successive survive thesistopic transmission ultimatelyuniquevisiblevoluntarySublist 8 of the Academic Word Listabandonaccompaniedaccumulationambiguous appendix appreciation arbitrary automatically biaschartclarity conformity commodity complement contemporary contradiction crucial currency denote detected deviation displacement dramatic eventually exhibit exploitation fluctuations guidelines highlighted implicit induced inevitably infrastructure inspection intensity manipulation minimised nuclearoffset paragraph plus practitioners predominantly prospect radical random reinforced restore revision schedule tension termination theme thereby uniform vehicleviavirtually widespread visual。
英语写作核心词汇
英语写作核心词汇媒体类1. paparazzi 狗仔队2. mass media 大众媒体3. entertainment 娱乐4. journalism 新闻业5. journal 期刊6. the latest news 最新消息7. exclusive news 独家新闻8. news agency 新闻社9. news blockout 新闻封锁10. news censorship 新闻审查11. freedom of the press 新闻自由12. coverage 新闻报道13. do reportage on …报导…14. hit the headlines 上头条15. issue 出版、发行16. newsstand 报摊17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18. chief editor 总编19. editorial 社论20. newsworthy 值得报道的21. barometer 晴雨表22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表23. live broadcast 直播24. quiz show 智力竞争节目25. game show 游戏节目26. variety show 综合节目27. talk show 脱口秀28. sitcom 情景喜剧29. soap opera 肥皂剧30. movie star 电影明星31. movie king 影帝32. movie queen 影后33. affair 绯闻34. celebrity 名人35. fame 名声36. rise to fame 声名鹊起37. fan 粉丝38. invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39. misleading 误导性的40. cheating 欺骗性的41. popularity 知名度42. scandal 丑闻43. sensational 轰动的44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的45. imperative 重要的、必要的46. audience ratings 收视率47. propaganda 宣传48. be abducted by 受…诱导49. purify one’s soul 净化心灵50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味53. provide somebody with something 给…提供…54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚55. commit crimes 犯罪56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的57. impressive 给人印象深刻的58. right to know 知情权59. in the disguise of …打着…的幌子60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全工作类1. ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的2. adaptability 适应性3. adapt oneself to …使自己适应…4. prosperity 繁荣5. be disadvantageous to …对…不利6. flow of personnel 人才流动7. mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制8. survival of the fittest 适者生存9. a sense of accomplishment 成就感10. potentiality 潜能11. learn to cooperate and compromise 学习合作和妥协12. be deeply impressed with …对…印象很深13. company philosophy 企业文化14. flexibility 灵活性15. competitive 竞争激烈的16. arena 舞台17. team-work spirit 团队合作精神18. treasure opportunity 珍惜机会19. a fat salary 收入颇丰20. a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系21. a sense of responsibility 责任感22. material gains 物质待遇23. promising future 光明的前途24. bright prospect 光明的前景25. a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作26. turning point 转折点27. be closely related to …与…息息相关28. get advanced in the society 出人头地29. a decent job 一份体面的工作30. chance of promotion升迁机会31. stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感32. keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新33. expand one’s horizon 开阔视野34. balance work and life 平衡工作和生活35. from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族36. shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility 承担起自己的责任37. upgrade oneself 提升自我38. a well-paid job 高收入工作39. creative work 创造性工作40. stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战41. realize the value of life 实现人生价值42. enrich one’s social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历43. cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44. seek for personal development 追求个人发展45. display one’s talent 展示才能46. a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感47. promotion opportunity 提升机会48. meet one’s personalized needs 满足某人个性化需求49. define on e’s role 确定自己的角色50. social recognition 社会认可51. accumulate experience 获取经验52. inspiring 鼓舞人心的53. motivation 动机54. workaholic 工作狂55. working environment 工作环境56. work overtime 加班57. improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力58. develop one’s talents 培养才智59. ideal workplace 理想工作场所60. master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能社会类1. urbanization 城市化2. centralization 集中化3. imbalance 不平衡4. in the long run 从长远角度而言5. infrastructure 基础设施6. booming 繁荣发展的7. tertiary industry 第三产业8. tranquility 宁静9. revenue 税收10. commercialization 商业化11. traffic congestion 交通拥挤12. water scarcity 水短缺13. the environmental pollution 环境污染14. over-industrialization 过度工业化15. over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16. unemployment 失业17. wealth distribution 财富分配18. social instability 社会动荡19. urban construction 城市建设20. population explosion 人口激增21. a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22. drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23. offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24. a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25. stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26. high cost of living 高额生活费用27. pastoral life 田园生活28. class polarization 阶级两极分化29. social welfare 社会福利30. give special care to …给予…特殊关照31. urban sprawl 城市扩张32. convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33. better medical services 更好的医疗服务34. pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35. be vulnerable to …易于患上…36. melting pot 熔炉37. on the brink of …处于…边缘38. pollutant 污染性物质39. waste disposal 废物处理40. put the blame on …归咎于…41. be attributable to …归因为…42. ways of consumption 消费方式43. suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44. citizen 居民45. be confronted with…面临着…46. breed crimes 滋生犯罪47. vicious cycle 恶性循环48. a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49. give priority to …优先考虑…50.city planners 城市规划者交通类1. automobile industry 汽车工业2. boost the economic development 促进经济发展3. levy the tax 征税4. modernization 现代化5. be viewed as …被视为是…6. be concerned about …对…担忧/关注…7. pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料8. luxury 奢侈品9. chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒10. fill… with …使…充斥着11. popularization of cars 汽车普及12. lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…13. observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则14. break traffic regulations 违反交通规则15. get struck in traffic 遇上堵车16. rush hour 上下班高峰时间17. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力18. pedestrian 行人19. pavement 人行道20. zebra crossing 斑马线21. overspeed 超速行驶22. bottleneck 交通堵塞地区23. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律24. impose restrictions on …对…实施限制25. short-sighted 目光短浅的26. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源27. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳28. a pillar industry 支柱产业29. make full use of …充分利用30. road networks 公路网31. speed limits 限速32. enhance the quality of life 提高生活质量33. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价34. promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展35. traffic engineering 交通运输工程36. the number of car ownership 汽车拥有量37. call for …需要…38. overcrowded 过度拥挤的39. violator 违规者40. headache 令人头痛的事41. traffic accidents 交通事故42. head-way 进展43. conflict with …与…相冲突44. major cause 主要原因45. be replaced by …被…所取代46. provide convenience for …为…提供便利47. curb…限制…48. dilemma 进退两难49. encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事50.energy-saving 节能的动物保护类1. vivisection 活体解剖2. perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验3. test animals 用于实验的动物4. be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验5. animal rights 动物权利6. clinical research 临床研究7. cruel 残忍的8. extremist 极端主义者9. medical research 医学研究10. origin of species 物种起源11. alternative method 替代的方法12. biological diversity 生物多样性13. natural balance 自然平衡14. equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡15. coexistence 共存16. endangered animals 濒危动物17. diversity of species 物种多样性18. shameless 令人羞愧的19. barbaric 野蛮的20. live and let live 活着就是与万物共存21. meaningless 没有意义的22. dominant species 优势物种23. laboratory 实验室24. vaccine 疫苗25. infringement 践踏26. right to live 生存权27. torture 折磨28. anti-science 反科学的29. life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病30. scientific gains 科学成果31. an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题32. evolution 进化33. computer simulation 电脑模拟34. groundless 没有理由的35. humane 人道的36. medical technology 医疗技术37. anatomy 解剖38. equal 公平的39. unreliable 不可信赖的40.valid 有效的、正当的语言类1. ambiguity 歧义2. denotation 字面意思3. connotation 暗含意思4. impractical 不切实际的5. intellectual development 智力发展6. interaction 交流7. thinking capacity 思考能力8. universal language 世界语9. linguistic studies 语言学研究10. a means of communication 一种交流工具11. mechanical translation 机械翻译12. untranslatable 不宜翻译的13. develop linguistic skills 培养语言技能14. verbal communication 口头交流15. grammatical rules 语法规则16. context 语境17. core 核心18. translation 笔译19. interpretation 口译20. a complex progress 一个复杂过程21. cream 精华22. cultivate logical thinking 培养逻辑思维23. obscure 晦涩的24. readability 朗朗上口25. an unrealistic dream 一个不切实际的梦想26. comprehensive knowledge 全面的知识27. communicate with others directly, and freely 与他人直接自由交流28. face-to-face communication 面对面交流29. stimulate on e’s interest 激发了…的兴趣30. artificial intelligence 人工智能31. help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way 帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语32. miraculous 令人惊叹的33. increase efficiency 提高效率34. easy accessibility 易于操作35. make astounding advances 突飞猛进36. enrich the teaching and learning methods 丰富了教学手段37. expertise 专业知识38. flourishing 繁荣兴旺的39. speedy communication 快速的交流40. read between the lines 读懂暗含的意思41. language acquisition 语言习得42. term 术语43. implication 含义44. be fully aware of…充分意识到…45. optimistic 乐观的46. pessimistic 悲观的47. drawback 弊端48. precious gift 宝贵的礼物49. linguist 语言学家50. mission impossible 不可能的任务文化类一1. cultural insights 文化视角2. learn about the would 了解世界3. a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历4. abstract 抽象的5. concrete 具体的6. move somebody to tears 使…感动落泪7. get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐8. venue 场所9. has its value 有其自己价值10. inspiration 灵感11. scope of knowledge 知识面12. spread knowledge 传播知识13. lasting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品14. abstruse 深奥的15. break with old customs 抛弃传统16. carry down from generation to generation 代代相传17. advocate the new lifestyle. 倡导新的生活方式18. entertainment 娱乐19. be different from …与…不同20. direct experience 直接经验21. echo 共识22. satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求23. attach more importance to …更重视…24. spiritual enhancement 精神升华25. a mirror of …是…的一面镜子26. determinant 决定性因素27. eclipse 使…相形见绌28. contribute to …有助于…29. a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉30. pastimes 消遣方式31. nurture imagination 培养想象力32. meditation 沉思33. an essence of immortality 永恒的精髓34. instructive 有启发性的35. edification 熏陶36. arouse one’s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心37. enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识38. value of knowledge 知识的价值39. cultural differences 文化差异性40. time is fleeting and art is long 时光飞逝，艺术永恒文化类二1. cultural diversity 文化多元化2. cultural treasures 文化宝藏3. cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流4. cultural reconstruction 文化重建5. spiritual civilization 精神文明6. heritage 遗产7. achievements of art 艺术成就8. tear down 拆除9. humane historical sites 人文历史遗址10. preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产11. blueprint 蓝图12. skyscraper 摩天大楼13. high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼14. city construction 城市建设15. well-structured 结构良好的16. crystallization 结晶17. visual enjoyment 视觉享受18. driving force 驱动力19. reconstruct 重建20. destruct 破坏21. architectural industry 建筑工业22. map out 制定出23. city designing 城市设计24. beautify our life 美化我们的生活25. human civilization 人类文明26. cradle of culture 文化摇篮27. mainstream culture 主流文化28. cultural traditions 文化传统29. national pride 民族自豪30. local customs and practices 风土人情31. attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球32. artistic taste 艺术品味33. cornerstone 基石34. be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系35. adhere to the tradition 坚持传统36. architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为37. carry forward …弘扬…38. cultural needs 文化需求39. reputation 声望。
写作常用高级词汇
写作常用高级词汇用“流光一瞬，华表千年”替换“光阴似箭，日月如梭”用“瞻顾遗迹，如在昨日”替换“往事历历在目”用“社会力量”替换“舆论公众”，“政府机关”用“亦”替换“也”用“应”替换“要”用“将”替换“把”用“均”替换“都”用“即”替换“就”用“待”替换“等”用“昂首”替换“抬头”用“天际”替换“天边”用“背负”替换“背着”用“掩饰”替换“遮挡”用“包蕴”替换“包含”用“饱览”替换“观看”用“停滞”替换“停止”用“蓝图”替换“目标”，“计划”用“绘制蓝图”替换“制定目标”，“提出计划”用“旋即”替换“随即”用“夭折”替换“丧失”用“镌刻”替换“记载”，“记录”用“瞬息洪流”替换“潮流”用“静言思之”替换“归根结底”用“唏嘘”替换“惋惜”用“裹挟”替换“卷入”用“解构”替换“深入分析”用“绘事后素”替换“一白遮百丑”用“冲波逆折”替换“挫折”用“交相辉映”，“相映成趣”替换“相互配合”用“黄钟大吕”替换“高雅艺术”用“山歌村笛”替换“通俗艺术”用“象牙塔”替换“校园”用“奉为圭臬”替换“遵守”用“海晏河清”替换“政治清明”用“瑕瑜互见（xian）”替换“事物优点、缺点都有”用“适逢其会”替换“恰巧”用“置身其外”替换“旁观”用“博君一粲”替换“哗众取宠”用“曲突徙薪”替换“未雨绸缪”用“以邻为壑”替换“嫁祸于人”用“寥若晨星”替换“稀少”用“韬光养晦”替换“积淀”用“振聋发聩”，“掷地有声”替换“发人深省”用“筚路蓝缕”替换“艰苦奋斗”用“毁家纾难”替换“舍小家为大家”用“涣然冰释”替换“和解”用“口碑载道”替换“广受好评”用“东隅已逝，桑榆非晚”替换“亡羊补牢，为时未晚”用“矢志不移”替换“下定决心”用“不明就里”，“如坠雾中”替换“迷惑”用“梦阑时，酒醒后”替换“虚假的美梦破碎”，“真相揭露”用“物如此，事犹是，人亦然”替换“xx（事物）尚且能够这样，更何况我们人呢？”用“积羽沉舟，群轻折轴”替换“坏事积累起来就会造成严重的后果”用“众口铄金，积毁销骨”替换“舆论作用极大”用“哀莫大于心死”替换“心灰意冷”用“同声相应，同气相求”替换“唇齿相依”用“冀以尘雾之微补益山海,荧烛末光增辉日月”，“涓涓细流汇成大海，点点星光照亮银河”替换“积少成多”用“腐草为萤，耀采于月”替换“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”用“夜光之珠，不必出于孟津之河；盈握之璧，不必采于昆仑之山”替换“寒门生贵子”用“被置于聚光灯下”替换“被曝光”用“赋予共识”替换“辩证统一”用“唤起文化传承自觉”替换“我们要继承发扬传统文化”用“多元诉求”替换“我们要求越来越堵多样”用“拓展生活光谱”替换“不断发现生活的真善美”用“激活文化基因”替换“取其精华、去其糟粕”用“认知模糊”替换“不清楚、不知道”。
写作必背单词和短语
(1) 全局变量类词汇1. 表明了indicate, reveal, confirm, reflect, demonstrate, convey,imply, illustrate2. 重要vital, crucial, essential, significant, profound, play a keyrole3. 我认为I guess, I suppose, I assume, I maintain, I insist,personally, from the personal perspective, in my eyes, in my view, I’m convinced that4. 事件,现象issue, incident, event, occurrence5. 热门的heated, urgent, burning, pressing, prevail, rampant,prevalent6. 面临,见证confront, encounter, witness7. 争议, 争论controversy, debate, contend, dispute8. 棘手的intractable, involved, troublesome, tough, stubborn9. 解决方案solution, approach, recipe, scheme10. 有效的valid, sound, effectual, efficacious, potent(2) 话题型Issue词汇1. counterproductive adj.产生相反效果（结果）的e.g. It is counterproductive to be too tough: it just makesthe staff resentful.2. seminal adj.萌芽的，潜在的；开创性的；有重大影响的e.g. in the seminal state （在萌芽状态）|| seminal thoughts ||seminal principle（基本原则）3. forgo v.放弃e.g.The choice to forgo his security is always available, although it might carry unpleasant consequence.4. intuition n.直觉e.g.I will trust my strong intuition that free will is an essential part of our being as humans.5. satisfy v.证明是正当的，公证的；为…寻找正当理由e.g. In the final analysis, government cannot philosophicallysatisfy assisting large cities for the purpose of either promoting or preserving the nation's cultural traditions; nor isgovernment assistance necessary toward these ends.6. resort to … 诉诸…e.g.there is no necessity to resort to violent actions such asdemonstration, riot or rebel.7. hinge on … 以…为转移，靠…转动e.g. The claim that society’s destiny hinges on how childrenare socialized, while appealing in some respects, is an over-statement at best.8. lend some credence to … 提供支持e.g. Recent advances in molecular biology and genetics lendsome credence to this position, by suggesting that thesedetermining physical forces include our own individual geneticmakeup.9. dimension n.大小；体积；程度；范围e.g. I did not realize the dimensions of the problem.10. amount to … 相当于；等于e.g. What you say amounts to a direct accusation.11. inspire v.激励或鼓舞e.g. To begin with, learning about key historical figuresinspires us to achieve great things ourselves --- far more sothan learning about the conditions of groups of people.12. provide necessary impetus for … 给与…动力e.g. It is almost always a key individual who provide thenecessary imputes for what otherwise might be a groupeffort, as discussed below.13. paradigm n.样式；典范；范例e.g. educational paradigms14. obscure v.使阴暗；使朦胧e.g. Generally speaking, then, undue attention to the effortsand contributions of various groups tends to obscure thecause and effect relationship with which the study of history ischiefly concerned.15. nascent adj.初生的e.g.in a nascent condition/stage/state || a nascent industry/ literature/art16. irrespective of whether … 无论如何e.g. While we must invest in research irrespective ofwhether the results might be controversial.17. draw a distinction between …区分…e.g.One useful approach is to draw a distinction betweenpersonal morality and public morality.18. catalyst n.催化剂；刺激因素e.g. circumstance often serves as a catalyst for heroism.19. proviso n.限制性条款；（附带）条件e.g. Aside from the two forgoing provisos, however, Ifundamentally disagree with the speaker’s claim.20. proceeding n.行动, 进行,会议录, 学报e.g. legal proceeding || governmental proceedings21. thwart v.反对；妨碍；挫败e.g. the government’s strategies for thwarting specific plansof an international terrorist or a drug trafficker.22. unprecedented adj.空前的，史无前例的e.g.the society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented.23. inexorable adj. 不可阻挡的；坚持不懈的；无情的e.g.Facts are inexorable || the inexorable march of science24. take precedence over … 居先于…;优先于…e.g. This interest might take precedence over the historicvalue of an old structure that stands in the way of a parkingstructure.25. serve as a substitute for …取代…be superceded by 代替；取代e.g. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealisticviews tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediateoptions.26. emerge from … 源自于：（in every age and culture someworthwhile art and literature emerges from themediocrity.）27. 名人notable figurescelebrityelitepersonality（television personalities）28. 普遍；普及prevailing adj.普遍的；流行的；占优势的（the prevailing view in Western corporate culture || prevailing principle）29. 灌输；教育instill v.（Courtesy must be instilled in childhood || Morality may be instilled into their minds）inculcate v.（inculcate the young with a sense of duty.）impart v.（A good teacher imparts wisdom to his pupils.）foster v.养育, 抚育, 培养, 鼓励（Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. || detect and foster artistic talent. || to foster an interest in music）nurture v.养育, 给与营养物, 教养（While the speaker might overlook the benefits of nurturing certain emotions and feels, on balance I agree that …）30. 若干重；若干刃a double-edged sword 双刃剑e.g. This type of advertisement can be a doubt-edgedsword, when the product does not make the person “be like”the person in the advertisement, there can be disappointment and disillusionment with the product.a two-edged weapon 双重武器e.g. As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edgedweapon which can be used equally for good or evil.twofold/threefold/manifold adj.双重/三重/多种e.g. We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happenis this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power, continues.e.g. The City Council has a manifold plan to beautify the city.31. 消除；减轻eliminate v. 排除，消除（eliminate the false and retain the true || eliminate the possibility of= preclude the possibility of）diminish v. 使减小，使变少（diminish one’s reputation ||diminish the cost of production）undermine v.破坏，削弱（formal study of the present culture at the expanse of studying past cultures can undermine the function of higher education, and ultimately provide a disservice to students and to society.）32. 恶化；加剧exacerbate v. 恶化, 增剧, 激怒, 使加剧, 使烦恼e.g. The problems would only be exacerbated were thesedecisions left exclusively to federal regulators.33. 过度；过分exorbitant adj.过度的；过高的（exorbitant rents || exorbitantly expensive || exorbitant amount of money）undue adj.过度的；过分的（apply undue pressure to make s.b. change his mind）34. 导致、造成pose 引起某事物，造成，提出e.g. Winter poses particular difficulties for the elderly.render v.致使，造成e.g. Your action has rendered our contract invalid.breed v.导致；造成e.g. The speaker unfairly suggests that large cities serve asthe primary breeding ground and sanctuaries for a nation’s cultural traditions..burgeon v.迅速发展；发芽（burgeoning cities || burgeoning Internet commerce）outgrowth n.长出, 派出, 结果, 副产物e.g. A third uniquely contemporary problem is an outgrowthof the inexorable advancement of scientific knowledge.35. 探求、努力：seek to …探求，寻求e.g. One compelling argument in favor of a global universityhas to do with the fact that its faculty and students would bring diverse cultural and educational perspectives to the problems they seek to solve.strive to …努力e.g. students should strive to excel in the specificrequirements of their major course of studyprobe v./n.探求，探查e.g. probe a matter to the bottom 寻根究底36. 资助、赞助：subsidize v.资助, 津贴（Subsidizing cultural traditions is not a proper role of government.）patron n.资助人；赞助人（cultural patron）on the patronage of …e.g. culture has always depended primarily on thepatronage of private individuals and businesses.under the auspices of …e.g. During this period, significant scientific advances occurredunder the auspices of the government.37. 增强、提高escalate v.增强,提高,升级（the escalating cost of addressing these problems）enhance/promote/augment/elevate v. (elevatenotion about …）(3) 逻辑连接类词汇1. 表示先后次序Previously, anteriorly, simultaneously, coinstaneously, ultimately, eventually, posteriorly2. 表示因果关系Being that, owning to, in virtue of, in view of, in respect that, on account of, consequently, hence, inevitablely, resultingly, thereupon, whereupon,3. 表示转折关系Nevertheless, whereas, howbeit, instead, conversely, not withstanding4. 表示递进关系Furthermore, withal, ultriorly, detailedly, minutely,5. 表示类比关系Similarly, in like manner, likewise, analogous, approximately,6. 表示强调关系Especially, particularly, determinately, authentically, undoubtedly,undeniable, definitely, demonstrably, assuredly,(4) 含有否定意义的肯定词汇Fail, denial, refuse, miss, neglect, in ignorance of, in vain,。
科技论文写作词汇汇编
差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup differenceNo statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变change, alteration,高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,广泛的in an extensive survey进行conducte，perform, carry out,降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found,角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsa common event （that occurs）during apoptosis is……a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathwaysa common event through whicha common event in vivoa rather common event of unknown biological significancea common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancea common event contributing toa rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent,circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,推测presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,相关性related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofno intergroup difference，irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to协同，加强synergize with研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常aberration, abnormality重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反On the contrary,In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expectedContrary to the expectation thatContrary to previous beliefs,Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current popular truismsContrary to current cognitive theories,However, contrary to expectation,…….Contrary to predictions,…in contrast to previous observations…Co ntrary to prediction,……Contrary to most previous claims,与一起in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于In light ofIn view thatCLOSE会员登录丁香园丁香通人才会议临床试验博客文献求助登录注册丁香园搜索首页最新资讯写作投稿期刊快讯基金动态基金申请科研心得职称执考征文大赛我要投稿 RSS订阅长期整理的英文论文写作常用词汇和短语2011-12-26 10:36 来源：丁香园作者：mlluo这几年看文献和写论文的时候整理了一些写作常用词汇和短语，希望大家也能用得上：差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference No statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA.Although MMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage, this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrum did not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变change, alteration,高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,广泛的in an extensive survey进行conducte， perform, carry out,降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous and weaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable or dramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barely detectable, no expression was found,角色，起作用role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role），serve antiapoptotic functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsa common event （that occurs） during apoptosis is……a common event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastic transformation that directly or indirectly involves activation of specific tyrosine kinase signaling pathwaysa common event through whicha common event in vivoa rather common event of unknown biological significancea common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancea common event contributing toa rare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient, initiation, stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory, early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward, upstream, irreversible, very frequent event提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,推测 presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent,相关性related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofno intergroup difference，irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.we did not find any correlation between bax expression and any clinicopathologic parameters (sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade, histological type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the status of FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to协同，加强synergize with研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常aberration, abnormality重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反On the contrary,In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expectedContrary to the expectation thatContrary to previous beliefs,Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current popular truismsContrary to current cognitive theories,However, contrary to expectation,…….Contrary to predictions,…in contrast to previous observations…Contrary to prediction,……Contrary to most previous claims,与一起in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于In light ofIn view that分享到分享到哪里？收藏夹新浪微博腾讯微博开心网豆瓣社区人人网进入论坛讨论2人推荐推荐编辑：国兴查看其他专业心血管频道内分泌频道骨科频道神经频道感染频道肿瘤频道健康互联药品汇丁香六度本文作者 mlluo加关注他们推荐了本文 rnguohack ie排行榜中国科技评奖过多滋生垃圾论文专家呼吁大瘦身从“百具影响”标准看国内学术评价喻海良：大学教授的职责是什么张欣：都是当年“评估”造的孽曹建军：如此的教授，怎能让人尊重！刘进平：教授职称有那么重要吗？中国科协捐赠四百万在南开天大设立奖学金德国纽斯兰渥哈德基金资助优秀女科学家重科学轻技术：中国亟需去除职称歧视科研人生：抓住高尚的感觉丁香园旗下网站丁香园丁香博客用药助手丁香通文献求助丁香文档丁香人才临床试验丁当铺丁香会议手机丁香园丁香导航关于丁香园关于我们友情链接联系我们加盟丁香园版权声明资格证书官方链接丁香志编辑运营团队丁香园新浪微博丁香园腾讯微博 Copyright 2000-2012 DXY All Rights Reserved.浙B2-20070219（含BBS） (浙)-经营性-2007-0003 浙卫网审(2006)12号网上标识信息。
学术formal用词
学术formal用词
学术formal用词主要是指在学术研究、论文写作和学术交流中使用的正式、专业的词汇和表达方式。
以下是一些常见的学术formal用词：
1. Hypothesis（假设）
2. Methodology（方法学）
3. Data analysis（数据分析）
4. Conclusion（结论）
5. Literature review（文献综述）
6. Abstract（摘要）
7. Experiment（实验）
8. Theory（理论）
9. Empirical（经验的）
10. Quantitative（定量的）
11. Qualitative（定性的）
12. Validity（有效性）
13. Reliability（可靠性）
14. Significance（意义）
15. Interpretation（解释）
16. Limitation（限制）
17. Citation（引用）
18. Peer-reviewed（同行评审）
19. Academic journal（学术期刊）
20. Research methodology（研究方法）
以上仅为一些常见的学术formal用词，实际上学术领域的专
业术语非常丰富多样，根据具体的学科领域和研究主题会有更多的专业术语和表达方式。
在使用这些词汇和表达方式时，需要注意使用准确、精练的语言，避免语法错误和模糊不清的表达。
同时，在学术写作中也要注意避免使用过于口语化或者主观判断的词汇和表达方式，保持客观、中立的立场。
考研最常见80个写作词汇
考研最常见80个写作词汇1对……重要：(1)be indispensable/important/vital toplay an(important/active/great)role/part2重视：(1)place/put much emphasis/stress/value on(2)assign/attach much importance/significance to如果各行各业的人们足够关注这个问题，我们的生活将一定更加美好。
If folks from all walks of life pay enough attention to this problem,our life will certainly be more enjoyable.3越来越：+adj.=be increasingly+n=an increasing number(amount)of4人们认为it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that5意识到：there is a growing awareness/realization of/that6引起人们注意：call/attract general/public/world attention to sth.7适应新的形势/变化：adapt/adjust sb.to new environment/change9接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences10接触社会：come into frequent contact with the world/societystep into the society11获得成功：achieve great success12提出观点/建议：advance/put forward/come up with the arguments/ideas/suggestions13作出努力：make tremendous/persistent/sustained effort to do sth.,take great pains to do(with work/study)14影响学习/工作：interfere with studies/work15产生影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality16剥夺机会/权力：deprive sb of the opportunity to do17取代旧的方式：substitute for/take the place of the old way18采取措施：take/adopt effective steps/measures to19控制…：take/gain control over…20满足要求meet/satisfy the demand(换成requirement)of21补偿损失compensate for/make up for the loss/damage22解释某现象account for/explain the phenomenon23对……很好的了解：have a better understanding/appreciation of,a new perspective on.provide/gain an insight into24把某因素考虑进去：take sth.into account(consideration),much thought to26培养对……的信心：develop/foster one's confidence in27经历变化/困难/艰险：undergo/experience great changes/hardships/experience28追求学习/职业：pursue one's study/professional career29学习知识/技术：pursue/acquire knowledge/technology/skill30被看作学习的……榜样：be held up as a good example31交流经验/知识：share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge32逃学/缺课：skip school/a class/a meeting/a lecture33知识/经验丰富：be rich in knowledge/experience34确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard35到达目标：achieve/accomplish/attain the goal/aim/objective36克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty37面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty 38阻碍了成功：be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth39持传统的看法：hold the conventional wisdom40发表看法：voice/express one's opinion41持相反的观点：take the opposite view42缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf(between city and country) 43把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/owe the success/failure to44有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/greatly to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of45把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon46提供机会/信息：provide/offer an opportunity/information for sb.47抓住机会：grab/seize the opportunity48有可能：there is(little/much)possibility/likelihood that49展开竞争：compete with sb.for the prize/position/control/the mastery of50开展运动conduct(carryon/undertake/initiate/launch/wage)a(vigorous/nation-wide/advertising)campaign to do51带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint52献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career53进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment54辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one's job/work/school55参加考试/竞赛等：enter the examination/contest,race56参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion57影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude58大学/社会/家庭/劳力市场/职业：enter the school/college/society/the work force/professionals59实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream(hops/wish/desire)60减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension61提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position62提高技术/能力：sharpen(increase/improve/enhance/boost)one's skill/ability63加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhanc e/boost the development of64随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society65开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one's horizons66迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune67把时间花/浪费在spend/waste time doing sth.68把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience…to practice/daily life/good use 69利用机会/技术：make(full/better)use of/take advantage of/tap/harness opportunity/time,70取得进步：make much progress in71充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full,give full play to one's ability72在当代in contemporary society,in present-day society,in this day and age 73大量的a host of,a multitude of,a vast number of(后面跟可数名词复数)a great deal of,a vast amount of(后面跟不可数名词单数)74解决tackle,address,resolve,combat75破坏undermine,jeopardize,devastate(最后一个语气最强)76明显的manifest,apparent,evident,obvious77从事carry out,conduct,perform,go about78积极的，好的beneficial,advantageous79好处－坏处pros—cons,advantages—disadvantages,merit—demerit80无处不在的prevalent,pervasive。
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总课件
例如，…
e.g., i.e.
证明
illustrate, demonstrate, exhibit
04 图表类词汇
数据表达词汇
上升
Increase, Rise, Go up, Ascend
波动
Fluctuate, Vary, Stabilize, Consistency
下降
Decrease, Fall, Go down, Decline
学术写作词汇
01
研究 aim
02
结果 result
03
结论 conclusion
学术写作词汇
01 02 03
分析 analyze 影响 impact 因素 factor
学术写作词汇
方法 method
表明 indicate
02 描述类词汇
人物描述词汇
勇敢的
courageous, brave, fearless
不同点
difference, diversity, dissimilarity
对比
in comparison, versus, in contrast
举例论证词汇
例如
for example, for instance, such as
特别是
in particular, specifically, particularly
雅思写作高频词汇分 类汇总
目录
CONTENTS
• 学术类词汇 • 描述类词汇 • 论证类词汇 • 图表类词汇
01 学术类词汇
学科专业词汇
01
人类学 Anthropology
02
生物学 Biology
化学 Chemistry
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THE ACADEMIC WORD LIST The following list consists of the head-words in AWL and is re-ordered by frequency groups, from "group 1" (most frequent) to "group 10" (least frequent).
For detail on the development and evaluation of the AWL, see Coxhead, Averil (2000) A New Academic Word List. TESOL Quarterly, 34(2): 213-238.
group 1 analyse approach area assess assume authority available benefit concept consist constitute context contract create data define derive distribute economy environment establish estimate evident export factor finance formula function identify income indicate individual interpret involve issue labour legal legislate major method occur percent period policy principle proceed process require research respond role section sector significant similar source specific structure theory vary
group 2 achieve acquire administrate affect appropriate aspect assist category chapter commission community complex compute conclude conduct consequent construct consume credit culture design distinct element equate evaluate feature final focus impact injure institute invest item journal maintain normal obtain participate perceive positive potential previous primary purchase range region regulate relevant reside resource restrict secure seek select site strategy survey text tradition transfer group 3 alternative circumstance comment compensate component consent considerable constant constrain contribute convene coordinate core corporate correspond criteria deduce demonstrate document dominate emphasis ensure exclude framework fund illustrate immigrate imply initial instance interact justify layer link locate maximise minor negate outcome partner philosophy physical proportion publish react register rely remove scheme sequence sex shift specify sufficient task technical technique technology valid volume
group 4 access adequate annual apparent approximate attitude attribute civil code commit communicate concentrate confer contrast cycle debate despite dimension domestic emerge error ethnic goal grant hence hypothesis implement implicate impose integrate internal investigate job label mechanism obvious occupy option output overall parallel parameter phase predict principal prior professional project promote regime resolve retain series statistic status stress subsequent sum summary undertake
group 5 academy adjust alter amend aware capacity challenge clause compound conflict consult contact decline discrete draft enable energy enforce entity equivalent evolve expand expose external facilitate fundamental generate generation image liberal license logic margin medical mental modify monitor network notion objective orient perspective precise prime psychology pursue ratio reject revenue stable style substitute sustain symbol target transit trend version welfare whereas
group 6 abstract accurate acknowledge aggregate allocate assign attach author bond brief capable cite cooperate discriminate display diverse domain edit enhance estate exceed expert explicit federal fee flexible furthermore gender ignorant incentive incidence incorporate index inhibit initiate input instruct intelligence interval lecture migrate minimum ministry motive neutral nevertheless overseas precede presume rational recover reveal scope subsidy tape trace transform transport underlie utilise
group 7 adapt adult advocate aid channel chemical classic comprehensive comprise confirm contrary convert couple decade definite deny differentiate dispose dynamic eliminate empirical equip extract file finite foundation globe grade guarantee hierarchy identical ideology infer innovate insert intervene isolate media mode paradigm phenomenon priority prohibit publication quote release reverse simulate sole somewhat submit successor survive thesis topic transmit ultimate unique visible voluntary group 8 abandon accompany accumulate ambiguous append appreciate arbitrary automate bias chart clarify commodity complement conform contemporary contradict crucial currency denote detect deviate displace drama eventual exhibit exploit fluctuate guideline highlight implicit induce inevitable infrastructure inspect intense manipulate minimise nuclear offset paragraph plus practitioner predominant prospect radical random reinforce restore revise schedule tense terminate theme thereby uniform vehicle via virtual visual widespread
group 9 accommodate analogy anticipate assure attain behalf bulk cease coherent coincide commence compatible concurrent confine controversy converse device devote diminish distort duration erode ethic format founded inherent insight integral intermediate manual mature mediate medium military minimal mutual norm overlap passive portion preliminary protocol qualitative refine relax restrain revolution rigid route scenario sphere subordinate supplement suspend team temporary trigger unify violate vision