2017 2018译林版必修三unit 2 language grammar学案 学习文档

unit 2 language grammar学案名词性从句

[语法剖析]

语法点一连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句

1.由what, which, who/whom, whose等连接代词和when, where, why, how等连接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语

(1)主语从句

What you need is more practice.

你需要的是更多的练习。

Where we will go hasn't been decided.

我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。

When they will come hasn't been made public.

他们什么时候来还没有公布。

[即时演练1]

(1)单句语法填空

①(2019·江苏高考)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but

some won't accept it.

②(陕西高考)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.

③(北京高考)What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

(2)完成句子

①他为什么要这样做还不知道。

Why_he_did_this is not known.

②我们不能得到的似乎比我们已经拥有的更好。

What_we_can't_get seems better than what we have.

③谁做的这件事还不知道。

Who_did_it is unknown.

(2)宾语从句

I want to know what he has told you.

我想知道他告诉了你什么。

She always thinks of how she can work well.

她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

页 - 1 - 第

Please tell me whose book it is.

请告诉我这是谁的书。

[即时演练2]

(1)用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整

①We don't know who will be sent to solve the problem.

②He didn't tell me what he would do next.

③Can you tell me how I can use the new machine?

④I haven't decided when I will go back, perhaps the day after tomorrow.

(2)单句语法填空

①(2019·浙江高考)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water

surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

②(全国卷Ⅱ)Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.

(3)表语从句

The question is how we should carry out the plan.

问题是我们应该怎样执行这个计划。

This is where our problem lies.

这就是我们的问题所在。

[名师点津]because和why都引导表语从句，why从句后的内容表示的是结果，而because从句

内容表示的是原因。

[即时演练3]

(1)单句语法填空

①(江苏高考)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!

—I'm not to blame, mum. I am what you have made me.

②(北京高考)The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.

(2)完成句子

①今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。

China is no longer what_she_used_to_be.

②那正是他对我生气的原因。

That's why_he_got_angry with me.

③问题是谁能代替他。

The question is who_can_take_the_place_of_him.

④那不是他想要的。

That's not what_he_wants.

(4)同位语从句

I have no idea what he thinks of the plan.

我不知道他怎么看待这个计划。

We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice.

我们不明白这个问题——为什么这是最好的选择。

[即时演练4]

单句语法填空/句型转换

①(重庆高考)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.

②The teacher didn't know the reason why Jack was absent.

→The teacher had no idea why Jack was absent.

③We haven't decided where we are going to spend our holiday.

→We haven't settled the problem where we are going to spend our holiday.

页 - 2 - 第

2．连接代词和连接副词的选择

连接代词和连接副词的选择要把握住两点：

(1)成分：连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中作状语。

(2)意义：无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。

That's where the accident took place.

那就是事故发生的地方。(作状语，意为“……的地方”)

She didn't know who/whom we were talking about.

她不知道我们在谈论谁。(作介词宾语，意为“谁”)

[即时演练5]

(1)选词填空：when, why, how, which, what, who, whom

①Do you know when the train arrives?

②Can you tell me why you chose the topic to write an article?

③How I can make greater progress later is a problem.

④Which team will win is not clear.

⑤What I want to know is who took away my book.

⑥The problem is whom we should have do it.

(2)单句语法填空

(全国卷Ⅰ)We haven't discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.

3．what与that的用法区别

(1)that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义。

(2)what引导从句，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，这时what具有两个含义：①保留疑问的意义，即“什么；什么样的”；②相当于“the thing(s) that/which”，即“先行词＋定语从句”的含义。

另外，what的此种用法还可以表示时间(the time that)、地点(the place that)、人物(the person that)、数目(the amount/number that)等不同概念。

Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.

我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。

The trouble is that she has lost his address.

麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。

After what seemed a long wait, the results were announced.

经过了似乎漫长的等待之后，结果被宣布了。

[即时演练6]

(1)单句语法填空

①(2019·陕西高考)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

②(天津高考)What I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

(2)单句改错

①Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.light前加That

②That the professor said is of great importance.That→What

③The key is that we can get from it.that→what

④He saves that he earns.that→what

⑤I know the fact what he came here two years ago.what→that

4．“疑问词-ever”与“no matter＋疑问词”的用法区别

whoever, whatever, whichever等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，而“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。

页 - 3 - 第

Whoever telephones(＝No matter who telephones), tell them I'm out.

不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。

No matter what you say, I believe you.

无论你说什么，我都相信你。

[即时演练7]

(1)单句语法填空

①(2019·北京高考)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.

②(北京高考)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will

repeat itself in the future.

(2)句型转换

①Anyone who comes here is welcome.

→Whoever comes here is welcome.

②You can do anything you like.

→You can do whatever you like.

语法点二it用作形式主语

当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。

1．代替主语从句

it代替主语从句的常用句式如下：

(1)It be＋名词(a pity, a shame, an honour, a good idea, a miracle, a fact, common knowledge, a surprise ...)＋从句。

It is a pity that I can't go with you because I have to look after my little brother.

我不能和你一起去真是太遗憾了，因为我必须照看我的弟弟。

It's a fact that most deaths from lung cancer are caused by smoking.

大部分肺癌导致的死亡是由吸烟引起的，这是个事实。

(2)It be＋形容词(clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange, uncertain, obvious, important ...)＋从句。

It's clear (that) he has done his best.

很明显他已经尽力而为了。

(3)It＋be＋过去分词(found, believed, reported, thought, noted, proved, known, decided, suggested, required ...)＋从句。

It is not yet decided who will do that job.

还没决定谁做这项工作。

(4)某些动词(短语)常用it作形式主语。

it常用作动词(短语)seem, appear, happen, turn out, chance等的主语。

It happened that I was in the countryside at the time.

那时我恰巧在乡下。

[名师点津]“It＋be＋said/believed/reported/ ...that ...”句型一般可转换成“Sb./Sth.＋be

said/believed/reported/ ...＋不定式”句型。

It is said that he has got a doctor's degree.

＝He is said to have got a doctor's degree.

据说他获得了博士学位。

2．代替不定式短语

It is hard to persuade him to go with me.

说服他跟我一块儿去很难。

页 - 4 - 第

．代替动词-ing形式短语3 in dim light. readingIt is no good

在昏暗的灯光下读书没有好处。8] [即时演练(1)单句语法填空)Before a problem can be solved, it

must be obvious what the problem itself is. (湖南高考①)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. (②山东高考作形式主语改写句子用it(2)To remember this rule is important. ①It's_important_to_remember_this_rule. →

Lying in the sun in winter is pleasant.

②It_is_pleasant_lying_in_the_sun_in_winter. →

That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.

③It_worried_her_a_bit_that_her_hair_was_turning_grey.→

调查报告

[技法指导]

调查报告的特点是简洁、易懂、准确、逻辑性强、描述性强、针对性强。用于说明、阐述某个事物、某种观点，以说服读者。写好报告最重要的一步就是合理地组织你所获得的信息。主要分为以下四部分：第一部分应阐述报告的目的，即介绍报告的主题；第二部分要罗列已经完成的以及怎样完成的工作，即简述获得信息的途径或方法；第三部分要说明主要的发现；第四部分应说明主要结论，同时概括主要的建议和意见，也就是发表自己的观点。

写作时，可以根据题目中所给的现象和问题做一些客观的介绍，通常使用一般现在时。常见的写作方法有：①按调查的先后顺序逐点写；②按事物发展的阶段来写；③将两种事物进行对比，以显示其是非优劣，找出其差异来写；④按调查对象的特点分门别类来写。

调查报告往往围绕一个主题，利用所给的调查结果展开。一般按如下步骤进行写作。

(1)调查报告的开头

为说明该调查的真实性和可靠性，在调查报告的开头往往交代调查结果的来源、方式和调查目的。

(2)图表说明

图表说明是调查报告的重点，交代图表信息时，应选用有针对性的数据来说明问题，切忌面面俱到，一一罗列全部数据。相反，考生应该对图表信息加以分析、归纳，选取有代表性的，如最大值、最小值，以及同类信息加以表述，做到主次分明、准确生动。

注意：调查报告所提供的图表形式多样，表格一般多为数据表，而图一般为柱状图(bar graph)、曲线图(line graph)、圆形图(circular graph)、饼形图(pie graph) 或百分比图(percentage graph)等。

(3)分析问题，解决问题

有些调查报告还需要对图表信息所反映出的问题和趋势进行分析，说明问题产生的原因或所造成的后果。

(4)最后，通常在文章的最后一段阐述作者个人的看法和建议。

黄金表达

一、常用的开头句型

页 - 5 - 第

1．According to a survey ...

2．I've made a survey and find that ...

3．A recent study shows that ...

二、图表说明常用句型

1．There was a great increase in ...

2．There has been a slow fall in ...

3．It is 20% lower/higher than ...

4．The number/rate has nearly doubled, as against that of last year.

三、分析问题常用句型

1．The reason for ... is that ...

2．One may think of the change as a result of ...

3．The change in ... largely results from that ...

4．There are several causes for this significant growth in ... First ... Second ...

5．This brings out the important fact that ...

四、阐述个人看法常用句型

1．I hope ...

2．I advise that ...

3．In my opinion ...

[写作规范]

[题目要求]

假设你是某英文报社记者，你对中国人参加体育活动的现状进行了调查(调查结果见下表)。请用英语写一篇100词左右的报告，阐明调查结果，并谈谈你的看法。

提示：1.应充分认识体育锻炼的重要性；

2．应对措施：提供锻炼的场地和器材(facilities)等。

[三步作文法]

第一步：搜索词汇

1．参加体育活动take_part_in_physical_activities

2．期望，盼望look_forward_to

3．远离……far_away_from

4．给某人提供某物provide_sth._for_sb.

5．总之in_conclusion

第二步：由词造句

1．超过一半的人说他们没有足够的时间锻炼。

①Over half of the people say they want to take_exercise but they haven't got enough time.

②Over half of the people say they haven't got enough time to_take_exercise.

2．34.9%的人期盼场地和足够的设施。

①34.9 percent of the people look_forward_to places to relax themselves.They look forward to

enough training facilities.

②34.9 percent of the people look_forward_to places, where they can relax themselves, and

enough training facilities.

3．为了增进健康，人们应当认识到体育锻炼的重要性，并采取措施提供锻炼器材。

①People should realize the importance of physical training to improve health. They should

take_measures_to_provide training facilities for people.

②In order to improve health, people should realize the importance of physical training,

and_measures_should_be_taken_to_provide training facilities for people.