Cross-cultural Awareness in Tour Commentary Translation
跨文化交际Chapter 1部分翻译
跨文化Chapter 1P1~2Chapter 1 前三段判断题范围THE ONLY TIME WHEN TRUE SUFFERING OCCURS ISWHEN TWO CULTURES COLLIDE. —— HERMANN HESSE只有苦难发生，当两种文化碰撞时。
anyone who has done business internationally knows that dreadful feeling brought on by the blank stares,任何人做国际业务的都知道，空洞的眼神所带来的可怕感觉，the forced half-smiles, the murmured comments in a language that seems indecipherable—强迫半微笑，用似乎难以辨认的语言低声评论——when what you say doesn't connect, and when something seems missing.当无法和你说什么事情联系上时，有些事情似乎就错过了，The paranoia is inescapable. You had your checklist of cultural do's and don'ts and followed them religiously.偏执是不可避免的。
你有你的该做什么和不该做什么的文化清单，并且虔诚地遵守着。
You broke no taboos, committed no cultural faux pas, insulted no one—yet you failed to break through. Why?你不打破任何禁忌，不犯任何文化失礼，不侮辱任何人——但你却未能突破文化差异。
为什么呢？Distance and time were once the biggest obstacles to doing business internationally.距离和时间，一度成为做国际业务的最大障碍。
跨文化交际unit1~6课后translation中英对照
Unit 1 Page 22The growth of intercultural communication as a field of stud y is based on a view of history that clearly demonstrates pe ople and cultures have been troubled by a persistent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies remove d by space, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own.What is intriguing about many of human civilization's failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-fa ce conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major an d minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolat ionism or even armed conflict.It is obvious that increased contact with other cultures and subcultures makes it imperative for us to make a concerted effort to get along with and to try to understand people who se beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our o wn. The ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily sha re our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in mainta ining world peace.纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
美术的益处英语作文带翻译
美术的益处英语作文带翻译The Benefits of Art。
Art is an essential part of human life. It has been around for centuries and has played a significant role in shaping human culture and society. Art is not just a form of entertainment or decoration; it has numerous benefits that can positively impact our lives. In this essay, I will discuss the benefits of art and why it is important for us to appreciate and engage in it.Firstly, art can be a form of self-expression. It allows us to communicate our thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a creative and unique way. Whether it is through painting, sculpture, music, or dance, art provides a platform for individuals to express themselves and connect with others. This can be therapeutic and help individuals to cope with stress, anxiety, and other mental health issues.Secondly, art can be a source of inspiration and creativity. It encourages us to think outside the box and explore new ideas and concepts. Art can inspire us to see the world from a different perspective, and it can help us to develop our own creativity and imagination. This is particularly important in today's world, where innovation and creativity are highly valued.Thirdly, art can be a means of cultural exchange and understanding. It allows us to explore different cultures and traditions, and to appreciate the diversity of human experience. Art can bring people together and promote cross-cultural dialogue and understanding. This is essential in a world where there is often misunderstanding and conflict between different cultures and societies.Finally, art can be a form of social activism and political commentary. It can be used to raise awareness about social and political issues and to challenge the status quo. Art can be a powerful tool for social change, and it has been used throughout history to bring attention to important issues and to advocate for change.In conclusion, art has numerous benefits that can positively impact our lives. It allows us to express ourselves, develop our creativity and imagination, appreciate different cultures, and advocate for social change. It is important for us to appreciate and engage in art, whether as creators or consumers, in order to fully realize these benefits and enrich our lives.。
跨文化交际unit课后translation中英对照
Unit 1 Page 22The?growth?of?intercultural?communication?as?a?field?of?study?is?based?on? a?view?of?history?that?clearly?demonstrates?people?and?cultures?have?been?tro ubled?by?a?persistent?inability?to?understand?and?get?along?with?groups?and?s ocieties?removed?by?space,?ideology,?appearance,?and?behavior?from?their?own. ?What?is?intriguing?about?many?of?human?civilization's?failure?is?that?they?ap pear?to?be?personal?as?well?as?global.?The?story?of?humankind?is?punctuated? with?instances?of?face-to-face?conflicts?as?well?as?international?misunderstandin g--major?and?minor?quarrels?that?range?from?simple?name-calling?to?isolationi sm?or?even?armed?conflict.?It?is?obvious?that?increased?contact?with?other?cultures?and?subcultures?mak es?it?imperative?for?us?to?make?a?concerted?effort?to?get?along?with?and?to?t ry?to?understand?people?whose?beliefs?and?backgrounds?may?be?vastly?differe nt?from?our?own.?The?ability,?through?increased?awareness?and?understanding ,?to?peacefully?coexist?with?people?who?do?not?necessarily?share?our?lifestyles? or?values?could?benefit?us?not?only?in?our?own?neighborhoods?but?could?be?t he?decisive?factor?in?maintaining?world?peace.?纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为?举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。
跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译研究
跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译研究1. 引言1.1 研究背景随着全球化进程的加快和人们对旅游需求的增加，跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译变得越来越重要。
在现代社会，旅游英语翻译不仅是促进国际旅游交流的桥梁，也是提升旅游体验和服务质量的重要手段。
由于不同文化之间存在语言和习俗的差异，跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译面临着诸多挑战和难题。
有必要对跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译进行深入研究，以更好地促进旅游文化交流，提升旅游服务水平。
在这一背景下，本研究旨在探讨跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译现状及存在的问题，分析旅游体验受到的影响，探讨语言障碍的原因和解决策略，并对旅游英语翻译的应用现状进行全面分析。
通过本研究的开展，将有助于提升跨文化旅游交流的效率和质量，推动旅游业的发展与文化交流。
1.2 研究目的The purpose of this research is to explore the role of tourism English translation in cross-cultural interactions. By examining different factors that influence the translation process and the overall tourist experience, this study aims to identify strategies that can improve communication and understanding between tourists and locals from different cultural backgrounds. Througha thorough analysis of language barriers in a cross-cultural context, this research seeks to shed light on the challenges and opportunities that exist in the field of tourism translation. By investigating the current application and potential problems of tourism English translation, this study aims to provide insights for future research and practical implications for enhancing intercultural communication in the tourism industry. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of how language plays a crucial role in shaping cross-cultural interactions and to offer valuable recommendations for improving the effectiveness of tourism translation practices.1.3 研究意义跟旅游英语翻译相关的研究意义主要体现在以下几个方面：跨文化背景下的旅游英语翻译研究可以帮助人们更好地理解不同文化之间的差异，促进文化交流与交融。
浅谈英文导游词翻译的跨文化意识的论文
浅谈英文导游词翻译的跨文化意识的论文浅谈英文导游词翻译的跨文化意识的论文摘要：涉外导游词翻译是一种跨文化翻译，译者必须具备跨文化意识。
本文分析了英文导游词翻译中存在的问题，并提出了翻译方法和策略，探讨了导游词中的景点名称等内容与跨文化意识之间的关系，注重跨文化意识在导游英文解说的作用。
关键词：导游词;翻译;问题;跨文化意识作为一种比较特殊的文本，导游词是通过导游员引导外国旅游者(以下称旅游者)游览观光的讲解词。
译成外语的导游词，应是自然的、口语化的、一听就懂的。
译者的跨文化意识在翻译中起着举足轻重的作用。
1.跨文化意识和导游词翻译涉外导游翻译，在蓬勃发展的国际旅游业中始终发挥着不可替代的作用(陈刚，1996: IV)。
对于“翻译”这一术语，翻译已不再仅仅被看作是语言符号的转换，而是一种文化转化的模式(郭建中，1998:12)。
Holz - Manttari (1984: 17)用“跨文化合作”来代替“翻译”，Andre Lefevere (1992)则把翻译看作“文化交融”，而R.Daniel Shaw(1988)创造了“transculturation”这个词。
2.导游词翻译存在的问题导游词翻译存在的问题涉及语用失误和信息处理等方面。
如前后不一、语法错误、张冠李戴、中式英文。
还存在生硬对译，信息传递不够准确ra，望文生义等，如：世纪之交的“两江四湖”，重新疏通了这条千年古水道，使之成为融汇古今的“历史之道”，集粹山水的“自然之道”，“天人合一”的“生态之道”。
the Two'River and Four Lakes at the tum of the century has dredged the thousands - years - old Waterway and make it a combination of historical and modem culture and a galaxy of natural landscape and ecological harmony be-tween man and natural.这段导游词具有典型的中式英语的特点，句子冗长，信息传递也不准确，破坏了游客的兴致还可能会导致认知错误，从而降低了景点对游客的吸引力。
旅游景点解说翻译中的跨文化意识
旅游景点解说翻译中的跨文化意识作者：高丰来源：《读与写·教育教学版》2018年第10期摘要：旅游景点解说是旅游信息服务系统中不可分割的一部分。
在全球经济一体化的今天，景点解说不再是单纯的景点信息传播，更是民俗文化的传播。
景点解说翻译也从单纯的语言层面对照和转换上升到文化剖析和对比的层面[1]P28。
本文基于跨文化翻译理论，探讨景点解说翻译中出现的问题，寻求跨文化意识下的景点解说翻译策略。
关键词：景点解说跨文化翻译策略中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-1578（2018）10-0017-01根据国家旅游局发布的统计报告，截至到2017年，来华游客总数达到1.39亿人次。
这些外籍旅游者是中国文化的“粉丝”，他们走进来领略中华文明的多元文化，欣赏“美丽中国”。
在我国旅游业迅速发展的背景下，优质的旅游景点解说翻译能有效传播中国文化，是一种能带领“中国文化走出去”的模式。
1 景点解说翻译的理论准备目前国内的旅游翻译研究基本以功能论、目的论、文本类型论为理论基础。
近年来，跨文化翻译理论在旅游翻译领域的应用也逐渐受到关注。
跨文化交际意识体现在21世纪的翻译理念中，是一种求真的态度[1]P51。
玛丽·斯内尔·霍恩比（Mary Snell Hornby）融合语言学派、文化翻译学派和释义学派的优点，提出了自己的跨文化翻译理论。
她认为，翻译研究的基础是把文化作为知识、智慧和观念的总和；称职的译者不仅可以十分熟练地使用翻译过程中的两种语言，并且要了解两种语言的文化背景，即不单做到双语（bilingual）翻译，还要具有驾驭原语和目的语的双文化（bicultural）翻译的能力[2]。
2 景点解说翻译中跨文化意识的缺失跨文化交际（cross-cultural communication）是指不同文化背景的人们之间的沟通交流[3]P324。
中国有5000年的文明，历史文化景点众多。
跨文化视域下的旅游景点英语翻译探析
跨文化视域下的旅游景点英语翻译探析1. 引言1.1 研究背景The background of this research lies in the increasing globalization and cultural exchange that characterizes the current era. With the rise of international travel and the interconnectedness of societies around the world, the tourism industry has become a major player in promoting cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.1.2 研究意义Overall, the research on cross-cultural perspectives on tourist attractions is important for both academic and practical reasons. It not only enriches our knowledge of cultural diversity and intercultural dynamics but also provides valuable insights for the development and management of tourist destinations in an increasingly globalized world.2. 正文2.1 跨文化视域下旅游景点的定义探析The definition and exploration of tourist attractions in a cross-cultural perspective are essential in understanding howdifferent cultures perceive and appreciate these destinations. In essence, a tourist attraction can be defined as a place or site that attracts visitors from different parts of the world due to its cultural, historical, natural, or recreational significance. However, when viewed through a cross-cultural lens, the definition of a tourist attraction can vary significantly.2.2 不同文化对旅游景点的认知差异In the context of cross-cultural perspectives on tourist attractions, it is essential to acknowledge the significant differences in how various cultures perceive and interpret these attractions. These differences can be attributed to a range of factors including historical background, socio-cultural values, and personal experiences.2.3 跨文化视域下旅游景点的设计和营销策略In the design and marketing strategy of tourist attractions from a cross-cultural perspective, it is essential to consider the diversity of cultures and preferences among visitors. One key aspect is the adaptation of the physical space and services to cater to various cultural backgrounds. This can include the incorporation of elements from different cultures in the architecture, decor, and activities offered at the attraction.2.4 文化融合与传播在旅游景点中的作用In the context of cross-cultural perspectives on tourist attractions, the role of cultural fusion and communication plays a crucial part in enhancing the overall experience for visitors. At tourist attractions where multiple cultures converge, the blending of different customs, traditions, and beliefs creates a unique and enriching atmosphere that can captivate travelers from around the world.2.5 跨文化视域下旅游景点的发展趋势The development trend of tourism attractions from a cross-cultural perspective is influenced by various factors in today's globalized world. As different cultures interact and merge, new trends emerge in the way tourism attractions are designed, marketed, and experienced.3. 结论3.1 跨文化视域下旅游景点的重要性In the context of cross-cultural perspective, tourism attractions play a vital role in promoting cultural exchange and understanding among different societies. These attractions serve as a bridge that connects people from diverse culturalbackgrounds, offering them a platform to interact, learn and appreciate each other's traditions, customs, and way of life.3.2 未来研究方向1. 通过深入研究不同文化对旅游景点的认知差异，进一步探讨如何在跨文化视域下进行旅游目的地的规划和设计，以实现更好的文化融合和传播效果。
Tour Guide
A Good Tour Guide
Work Independently: Work without supervision. Be able to manage several tasks at the same time. Organize and manage tour activities and events effectively. Be adaptable to the alteration of the itinerary. Good guiding techniques and coordination ability. Be time conscious and business like. Be a good organizer. Budget proper time to a particular activity. And good rule of thumb to keep the group well-organized. Complete required tour paperwork, including expenses and tour reports. Think logically and quickly. Tackle with uncertain situation tactfully.
A Good Tour Gui
Be Adaptable, capable of and receptive to change. Be able to quickly make decisions; Proven decision making ability. Respond quickly to uncertainties or emergencies. Be Healthy: work long hours Demanding job. a lot of talking, walking and other physical things.
如何让世界了解中国京剧英语作文
如何让世界了解中国京剧英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1How to Make the World Understand Peking OperaPeking Opera, known as the quintessence of Chinese culture, is a unique art form that has been passed down for centuries. Its vibrant costumes, intricate makeup, and mesmerizing performances have captivated audiences for generations. However, as a student of this ancient art, I often find myself grappling with the challenge of making the world understand and appreciate the depth and complexity of Peking Opera.At its core, Peking Opera is more than just a performance; it is a living embodiment of Chinese history, philosophy, and tradition. Each movement, each gesture, and each melodic line carries a profound symbolism that has been carefully crafted over centuries. Yet, for those unfamiliar with this art form, these nuances can often be lost in translation, leaving them with a mere surface-level understanding.So, how can we bridge this gap and make the world truly comprehend the essence of Peking Opera? The answer lies in amultifaceted approach that combines education, cultural exchange, and innovative storytelling.Firstly, we must acknowledge the importance of education in preserving and promoting this art form. As students, it is our responsibility to delve deep into the rich history and cultural significance of Peking Opera. We must study the intricate symbolism behind each character, the metaphors woven into the lyrics, and the philosophical underpinnings that give depth to the performances. Only by truly understanding the art ourselves can we hope to convey its essence to others.Furthermore, we should actively seek opportunities to share our knowledge and passion with the world. Whether it is through lectures, workshops, or interactive demonstrations, we must make an effort to demystify Peking Opera and make it accessible to a global audience. By breaking down the complex elements into digestible components, we can help others appreciate the nuances that make this art form so captivating.Secondly, cultural exchange plays a crucial role in fostering understanding and appreciation. We should actively seek collaborations and partnerships with artists, institutions, and organizations from around the world. By inviting them to experience Peking Opera firsthand, we can create a dialogue thattranscends cultural boundaries. Through these exchanges, we can shed light on the universal themes and emotions that underlie Peking Opera, allowing it to resonate with audiences from diverse backgrounds.Moreover, we should explore innovative ways to present Peking Opera to the modern world. While preserving the integrity of the art form, we can experiment with new mediums and platforms to make it more relatable and engaging. For instance, we could collaborate with filmmakers to create visually stunning documentaries that take viewers on a journey through the intricacies of Peking Opera. Or we could leverage the power of social media to share bite-sized snippets of performances, accompanied by insightful commentary, to pique the interest of a younger generation.Lastly, we must not forget the power of storytelling in bridging cultural divides. Peking Opera, at its core, is a storytelling medium, weaving tales of love, loss, heroism, and tragedy. By highlighting the universal themes and emotions that resonate across cultures, we can create a shared understanding and appreciation for this art form. We could adapt classic Peking Opera stories into accessible formats, such as graphic novels oranimated films, allowing audiences to connect with the narratives on a deeper level.In conclusion, making the world understand and appreciate Peking Opera is a significant challenge, but one that is worth pursuing with unwavering dedication. By combining education, cultural exchange, innovative storytelling, and a genuine passion for preserving this ancient art, we can create a global appreciation for the beauty, depth, and cultural significance of Peking Opera. As students and ambassadors of this art form, it is our responsibility to ensure that this rich cultural heritage is not only preserved but also celebrated and understood by generations to come.篇2How to Help the World Understand Chinese Peking OperaAs a student passionate about Chinese culture, I often find myself wishing more people around the world could appreciate the beauty and richness of traditional art forms like Peking Opera. This ancient theatrical tradition, with its colorful costumes, expressive makeup, acrobatic movements, and melodic singing, is a true gem of Chinese heritage. However, to many outsiders, Peking Opera can seem inaccessible and hard to understand. Inthis essay, I will explore ways we can bridge this cultural divide and help global audiences connect with this iconic performing art.First, we must acknowledge the inherent challenges in making Peking Opera resonate internationally. The art form is inextricably linked to Chinese language, history, and philosophy in ways that can be difficult for non-Chinese audiences to grasp. The stylized movements, symbolic gestures, and unique vocal techniques are deeply rooted in centuries of cultural evolution. Simply put, there is a lot of cultural context and nuance that gets lost in translation. Additionally, many younger Chinese people today feel disconnected from these traditional arts, favoring more modern and westernized forms of entertainment. If Chinese youth are struggling to relate to Peking Opera, how can we expect the rest of the world to embrace it?However, I firmly believe that with the right approach and open minds on both sides, we can transcend these barriers and cultivate a sincere appreciation for Peking Opera globally. One avenue is to create more high-quality resources that educate and provide cultural context to international viewers. We need compelling documentaries, lectures, and written materials that delve into the historical roots, artistic principles, and deepersymbolic meanings behind the movements and narratives portrayed on stage. By arming audiences with this vital background information, the performances will become richer and more multidimensional experiences.At the same time, efforts should be made to adapt and repackage Peking Opera in more accessible formats for contemporary global viewers. While preserving the authenticity of the art form, we could explore avenues like presenting shortened excerpts from the classic operas with English subtitles or synopses. Multimedia exhibits that blend live performances with immersive visuals and easily digestible explanations could go a long way in demystifying the experience. Technology could be leveraged to create interactive apps or virtual reality experiences that let audiences explore the intricate costumes, makeup, and stage designs more intimately. The key is finding innovative ways to engage modern viewers while still honoring the essence of the tradition.From a young age, I was fortunate to have parents who instilled in me a deep appreciation for Peking Opera by regularly taking me to see acclaimed troupes perform. With each show, I became more enamored with the vibrant characters, the dramatic conflicts, and the sheer athleticism and artistry of theperformers. My mother would patiently explain the symbolic meanings behind certain movements or vocal embellishments, helping me see beyond the surface spectacle. It is these kinds of opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and guided learning experiences that could really help tear down misconceptions and foster a deeper connection between global audiences and Peking Opera.Ultimately, the survival and dissemination of this ancient art form hinges on the ability to cultivate interest and understanding in younger generations across cultures. We must find compelling ways to make the narratives, aesthetics, and themes of Peking Opera resonate with youth who have vastly different cultural backgrounds and viewing habits compared to previous generations. Outreach programs that bring abridged, modern interpretations of classic Operas into schools could spark curiosity and appreciation at an early age. Collaborations between opera troupes and contemporary artists, musicians or filmmakers could repackage the stories in innovative,genre-blending ways that feel fresh and relevant to younger viewers.In an era of globalization and transcultural influence, I believe Peking Opera deserves its place on the world stage as avital part of the cultural tapestry of humanity. Behind the dazzling colors and captivating spectacle is a rich tradition shaped by ancient philosophies, literary legacies, and artistic disciplines that have valuable insights to offer a modern international audience. With patience, open-mindedness, and thoughtful curation, we can tear down perceived barriers and ensure this unique art form continues to thrive and inspire on a global scale for generations to come.篇3How to Help the World Understand Chinese Peking OperaAs a student, I have always been fascinated by the rich cultural heritage of my country, China. One art form that has particularly captured my imagination is Peking Opera, a traditional form of Chinese opera that dates back to the 18th century. Despite its long history and cultural significance, Peking Opera remains relatively unknown outside of China, and even within my country, it struggles to attract younger audiences. In this essay, I will explore ways to promote and raise awareness about this remarkable art form, helping the world to understand and appreciate its beauty and significance.Firstly, it is essential to understand what makes Peking Opera so unique and special. Unlike Western operas, which rely heavily on musical scores and vocals, Peking Opera is a highly stylized and multidisciplinary art form that combines singing, dancing, acrobatics, and acting. The performers, known as "dan" (female roles) and "sheng" (male roles), undergo rigorous training from a young age, mastering intricate movements, vocal techniques, and facial expressions that are integral to the art form.One of the most striking aspects of Peking Opera is the elaborate costumes and makeup worn by the performers. Each character is represented by a specific color scheme and makeup design, which not only enhances their stage presence but also conveys their personality and role within the performance. For instance, the iconic "lian pu" (facial makeup) of the female characters, with its exaggerated features and vibrant colors, is both visually striking and deeply symbolic.To help the world understand and appreciate Peking Opera, we must first address the language barrier. While the performances are highly visual and physical, the dialogue and singing are entirely in Mandarin Chinese, which can be a challenge for non-Chinese audiences. One solution could be toprovide subtitles or simultaneous translations during live performances or recorded videos. This would not only make the art form more accessible but also provide valuable cultural context and explanations for the symbolism and traditions that are deeply rooted in Chinese history and literature.Another effective way to promote Peking Opera globally is through educational programs and workshops. These could be organized in collaboration with universities, cultural centers, or even local communities around the world. Experienced performers and scholars could lead these programs, introducing participants to the history, techniques, and cultural significance of Peking Opera. Hands-on workshops could allow participants to try on costumes, practice makeup application, or even learn basic movements and vocal techniques. Such interactive experiences would not only be engaging and fun but also foster a deeper understanding and appreciation for this art form.In addition to educational programs, we should also explore the potential of digital platforms and social media to reach a wider audience. Creating high-quality video content, such as documentary films or behind-the-scenes glimpses into the lives of Peking Opera performers, could be an effective way to pique interest and curiosity. These videos could be shared on popularplatforms like YouTube, TikTok, or Instagram, allowing people from all over the world to discover and engage with this art form in a modern and accessible way.Furthermore, collaborations between Peking Opera performers and contemporary artists or musicians could help bridge the gap between tradition and modernity. By fusing elements of Peking Opera with modern dance, music, or visual arts, we can create innovative and captivating performances that appeal to younger audiences while still preserving the essence of this centuries-old art form.Finally, it is crucial to involve the younger generation in the preservation and promotion of Peking Opera. Many traditional art forms struggle to attract younger audiences, who may perceive them as outdated or irrelevant. By incorporating Peking Opera into school curricula, organizing student exchanges or trips to see live performances, and encouraging young people to learn and participate in this art form, we can ensure its continuity and relevance for future generations.In conclusion, helping the world understand and appreciate Peking Opera is not just about preserving a cultural tradition; it is about fostering cross-cultural understanding, celebrating diversity, and recognizing the beauty and complexity of humanartistic expression. By providing language accessibility, offering educational programs, leveraging digital platforms, exploring innovative collaborations, and engaging the younger generation, we can breathe new life into this ancient art form and ensure that its legacy endures for centuries to come.。
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２０１０年第１７期 ＳＣＩＥＮＣＥ＆ＴＥＣＨＮＯＬＯＧＹ ＩＮＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮ Ｏｅｙｌ，语论坛。科技信｜ｌＩ Ｃｒｏｓｓ－ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ Ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ ｉｎ Ｔｏｕｒ Ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ 李梅１． （１．西北师范大学外语学院甘肃兰州 ７３００００；２．兰州职业技术学院甘肃 兰州 ７３００００）
【Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ］Ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ａｔｔｅｍｐｔｓ ｔｏ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔ ａ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｔｏｕｒ ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ ｆｒｏｍ ａｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅ．Ｗｅ ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ ｃｈｏｏｓｅ ａ ｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ ｗｈｉｃｈ Ｃａｌｌ ｂｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅ ｉｎ ｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｒｉｎｇ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ ｐｒｏｍｏｔｉｎｇ ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｓ． 【Ｋｅｙ ｗｏｒｄｓ］Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ；Ｔｏｕｒ ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ；Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ；Ｃｒｏｓｓ—ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ａｗａｒｅｎｅｓｓ 【摘要】本文旨在从跨文化交际的角度论述导游词的翻译，试图选择一种能够有效传递中国文化、促进文化交流的翻译策略。 【关键词】跨文化交际；导游词；翻译；跨文化意识
０ Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｉｎ ｔｏｄａｙ’ｓ Ｃｈｉｎａ，ｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ ｉｓ ａｎ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙ ｂｏｏｍｉｎｇ ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ ｏｗｉｎｇ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｌｉｃｙ ｏｆ ｒｅｆｏｒｍ ａｎｄ ｏｐｅｎｉｎｇ ｕｐ，ｔｈｅ ｒｉｓｅ ｏｆ ｍｕｌｔｉｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｗ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ．Ｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ ｃｒｅａｔｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｎｅｅｄ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ ｗｈｏ ｓｐｅａｋ ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ．Ｉｔ ｉｓ ｕｎｄｅｒ ｓｕｃｈ ｃｉｒｃｕｍｓｔａｎｃｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｔｏｕｒ ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ ｈａｓ ｇｒｏｗｎ ｕｐ ａｎｄ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅｄ ａｓ ａ ｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｉｏｎａｌ ｗｏｒｋ． Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｔｉｌｌ ｔｏｄａｙ，ｍａｎｙ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒｓ ｊｕｓｔ ｆｏｃｕｓ ｏｎ ｅｍｐｉｒｉｃａｌ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ａｎｄ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｅｎｈａｎｃｅｍｅｎｔ ｉｔｓｅｌｆ ｗｈｅｎ ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅ ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｎｇ ｓｏｍｅ ｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｔｏｕｒ ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｔｈｅｙ ａｒｅ ｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙ
ｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄ ａｓ ａｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｅｘｐｅｒｔ，ａ ｂｉｌｉｎｇｕａｌ（ｏｆ ｅｖｅｎｍｕｈｉｌｉｎｇｕａ１）ｗｈｏ ｅｍｌ ｓｍｏｏｔｈ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｓｐｅａｋｉｎｇ ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｗｈｅｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｈｏ ｓｐｅａｋ ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ ｗａｎｔ ｔｏ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｅ ｗｉｔｌ１ ｅａｃｈ ｏｔｈｅｒ，ｔｈｅ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｔｈｉｎｇ ｔｈｅｙ ｈａｖｅ ｔｏ ｄｏ ｉｓ ｔｏ ｏｖｅｒｃｏｍｅ ｔｈｅ ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ｂａｒｒｉｅｒ ｏｂｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ．Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｂｒｅａｋｄｏｗｎｓ ｏｆｔｅｎ ｈａｐｐｅｎ．Ｔｈｅｒｅ ａｒｅ ｍａｎｙ ｒｅａｓｏｎｓ ｂｕｔ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｏｎｅ．ｉｓ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｖｅ ｂａｒｒｉｅｒｓ．Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｖｅ ｂａｒｒｉｅｒｓ，ｂｙ ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎ，ｒｅｆｅｒ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ａｎｄ ｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｉｅｓ ｗｈｉｃｈ ｍｉｇｈｔ ｃａｕｓｅ
ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇ Ｋｅｅｓｉｎｇ，ｉｓ ａ ｕｎｉｖｅｍａｌ ｔｅｎｄｅｎｃｙ ｆｏｒ ａｎｙ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｔｏ ｔｅｎｄ ｔｏ ｐｕｔ ｉｔｓ ｏｗｎ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ ｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ ｉｎ ａ ｃｅｎｔｒａｌ ｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ 耐ｔｙ ａｎｄ ｗｏｒｔｈ．（庄 恩平，２Ｏｏ４：２Ｏ）Ｗｈｅｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｊｕｄｇｅ ａ ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｓｕｃｈ ａｌｌ ａｎｇｌｅ，ｔｈｅｙ ｍａｙ ｎｏｔ ｂｅ ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅ ａｎｄ ｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｙ ｔｈｉｎｋ ｔｈａｔ ｏｎｌｙ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｏｗｎ ｗａｙ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｒｉｇｈｔ ｗａｙ．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｎｏ ｏｎｅ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ｉｎ ｉｎｈｅｒｅｎｔｌｙ ｂｅｔｔｅｒ ｏｒ ｗｏｒｓｅ ｔｈａｎ ａｎｙ ｏｔｈｅｒ： “Ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ”ｄｏｅｓ ｎｏｔ ｍｅａｎ ｂａｄ ｏｒ ｉｎｆｅｒｉｏｒ－ｉｔ ｉｕｓｔ ｍｅａｎｓ“ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ”． ： ２．２ Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ Ｔｈｅ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｉｓ ｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙ ｓｈｏｒｔ ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｗｏｒｌｄ，ｗｈｉｃｈ ｂｅｇａｎ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｅａｒｌｙ １９８０ｓ．Ｂｅｆｏｒｅ ｔｈａｔ ｐｅｒｉｏｄ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｗａｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｒｉｏｄ ｏｆ Ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ Ｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ｗｈｅｎ ａｎｙ ｃｏｎｔａｃｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ｗｏｒｌｄ ｉｓ ｃｕｔ．Ｔｈｅ ｆｉｒｓｔ ｆｅｗ ｙｅａｒｓ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ １９８０ｓ ｗｉｔｎｅｓｓｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｉｔｉａｌ ｏｐｅｎｉｎｇ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎａ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｌａｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅ ｔｅａｃｈｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｓｔａｒｔｅｄ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｉｅｓ．Ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ ｉｔｓ ｓｈｏｒｔ ｈｉｓｔｏｒｙ，ｔｈｅｒｅ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｗｉｄｅｓｐｒｅａｄ ｊｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ ｉｎ ｉｔ．Ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ ｈｕｎｄｒｅｄ ａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ ａｐｐｅａｒｅｄ ｉｎ ａｃａｄｅｍｉｃ ｉｏｕｍａｌｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐａｓｔ ｔｗｏ ｄｅｃａｄｅｓ ａｎｄ ｍｏｒｅ ｔｈａｎ ａ ｄｏｚｅｎ ｂｏｏｋｓ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ．Ａ ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ ｈａｓ ｂｅｅｎ ｆｏｕｎｄｅｄ ａｎｄ ｓｅｖｅｒａｌ ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ ｃｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ ｈｅｌｄ．
ｆａｉｌｕｒｅｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ（Ｊｉａ，３ Ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ，Ｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ ａｎｄ Ｔｏｕｒ Ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ ２００４）．
１ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ Ｔｏｕｒ Ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ Ａｓ ａ ｂｒａｎｃｈ ｏｆ ｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ．ｔｏｕｒ ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｙ ｉｓ ａ ｔｙｐｉｃａｌ ｔｅｘｔ ｔｙｐｅ ｉｎ ｉｔ．Ｉｎ ｒｅｃｅｎｔ ｙｅａｒｓ，ｂｏｔｈ ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎ ａｎｄ ｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃ ｓｃｈｏｌａｒｓ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｏｎ ｔｏｕｒｉｓｍ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ ｏｎ ｔｏｕｒ ｃｏｍｍｅｎｔａｒｉｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｙ ｈａｖｅ ｐｒｏｖｉｄｅｄ ｕｓ ｗｉｔｈ ａ ｗｅａｌｔｈ ｏｆ ｖａｌｕａｂｌｅ ｉｎｓｉｇｈｔｓ． Ｍｏｎｏｇｒａｐｈｓ ａｓ ｗｅｌｌ ａｓ ａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ ｏｒ ｔｈｅｓｅｓ ｗｏｒｔｈ ｏｆ ａ ｂｒｉｅｆ ｖｉｅｗ ｈａｖｅ ｂｅｅｎ ｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｌａｓｔ ｆｅｗ ｙｅａｒｓ．
２ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓ ｏｎ Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ Ｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ
２．１ Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ Ｗｈｅｎ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｆｒｏｍ ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓ．ｗｅ ｎｅｅｄ ｔｏ ｐａｙ ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ ｔｏ ｂａｃｋｇｒｏｕｎｄｓ ｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｆｒｏｍ ｏｕｒ ｏｗｎ．Ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｉｎ ｇｅｎｅｒａｌ ｓｅｎｓｅ，ｈａｐｐｅｎｓ ｗｈｅｎ ａ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｏｎｅ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓ ａ ｍｅｓｓａｇｅ ｆｏｒ ｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ ｂｙ ａ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ ｏｆ ａｎｏｔｈｅｒ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ．Ｍｏｒｅ ｐｒｅｃｉｓｅｌｙ，ｉｔ ｉｓ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｈｏｓｅ ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｐｅｒｃｅｐｔｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｓｙｍｂｏｌ ｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ ａｒｅ ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔ ｅｎｏｕｇｈ ｔｏ ａｌｔｅｒ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｅｖｅｎｔ． （Ｓａｍｏｖａｒ，Ｐｏｒｔｅｒ ａｎｄ Ｓｔｅｆａｎｉ， ２０００：４８） Ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ｈａｖｅ ｃｌｏｓｅ ｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐ．Ｖａｌｕｅｓ ａｎｄ ｂｅｌｉｅｆｓ ｉｎ ｏｎｅ ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅ ｈｏｗ ｗｅ ｂｅｈａｖｅ ａｎｄ ｒｅｌａｔｅ ｔｏ ｏｕｒ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ． Ｂｅｌｉｅｆｓ ａｒｅ￣ｕｒ ｃｏｎｖｉｃｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｒｕｔｈ ｏｆ ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ ａｎｄ ｖａｌｕｅ ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｓ ｏｕｒ ｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｏｖｅｒ ｔｈｉｎｇｓ．Ｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙ，ｔｈｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｆａｃｔｏｒｓ ａｒｅ ａｄｄｅｄ， ｔｈｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｂｅｃｏｍｅｓ．‘‘Ｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅ’ｓ ｑｕｉｃｋ ｔｏ ｂｌａｍｅ ｔｈｅ Ｍｉｅｎ．” （Ｓａｍｏｖａｒ，Ｐｏｒｔｅｒ ａｎｄ Ｓｔｅｆａｎｉ，２０００：２】Ｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅｓ ａｎｄ ｅｔｈｎｏｅｅｎｔｒｉｓｍ ａｒｅ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ｂａｒｒｉｅｒｓ ｉｎ ｉｎｔｅｒｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌ ｃｏｎｔａｃｔｓ． Ｓｔｅｒｅｏｔｙｐｅ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ ｏｆ ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ，ｌａｚｙ ａｎｄ ｍｉｓｇｕｉｄｅｄ ｐｅｒｃｅｐｔｉｏｎｓ ａｎｄ ｉｔｓ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ ｏｎ ｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ｉｓ ｖｅｒｙ ｎｅｇａｔｉｖｅ．ＷｌＩｉｌｅ ｔｈｅ ｅｔｈｎｏｃｅｎｔｒｉｓｍ．