常见词及短语的辨析

常见词及短语的辨析1.besides, except (that), except for, but (for) 和apart from ( P. 132)e. g. Besides Li Ming, there are many other students attending the meeting.They all went except Li Ming.He is a capable man except that he has not enough experience.Your writing is good except for a few grammar mistakes.The road was empty except for a few cars.The room is in good condition except for a few dirty spots on the wall.But for the sun, nothing could live on the earth.Your paper is all right except for a few misprints.A : You finally made it, didn‟t you ?B : Yes, I myself, _____ the grace of some happy chances, might have made the samemistake.A. because ofB. except forC. but forD. by virture ofThere was no one there but Jim.He could do nothing but (except ) tell her the truth.They had no choice but (except ) to delay their trip.Contrast:John did nothing but (except ) wait in the room.Nothing remained for her to do, but (except ) to clean the dishes.They go to school every day but Sunday / except Sunday / save Sunday.The park is never opened to the public except (save) on holidays.2.in case of / in the case of (P. 135)e. g. Take a umbrella in case of rain.Poverty depresses most people; in the case of my father, it was otherwise.3.out of question / out of the question (P. 136)e. g It‟s out of the question to ask him to do it.She is out of question the best student in the class.4.in charge of / in the charge of (P. 136)e. g. Mr. Johnson is in charge of the factory.The boy is in the charge of his uncle.Contrast : in care of / in the care ofin possession of / in the possession ofin command of / under the command of5.familiar to / familiar with (P. 136)e. g. Her handwriting is familiar to me.I am familiar with the project.6.good at / good with / good for (P. 136)e. g. John is good at photograghy.The teacher is good with pupils.The medicine is good for stomache.7.sorry for / sorry about (P. 141)e. g. I felt deeply sorry for her in her great trouble.I am sorry about his misfortune.I am sorry for (about) what I‟ve said.I am sorry for troubling you.I am sorry for coming ( for having come, to have come, that I came) late.8.able / capable (p. 71)parable / comparative (P. 172)e. g. Our college is not comparable with yours.He is an expert on comparative literature.10.practical / practicable (P. 173)e. g. This is a very practical tool.Do you think the plan practicable ?11.regretful / regrettable (P. 173)e. g. I am regretful for what I have said.His decision to marry her is most regrettable.12.respectable / respectful / respective (P. 173)e. g. The respectable old gentleman has contributed a lot to the building of his hometown.A respectable man is respectful toward others.The delegates went back to their respective rooms after the meeting.13.economic / economical (P. 172)e. g. They are discussing economic problems.We should be economical of money and time.14.electric / electrical / electronic (p. 74)e. g. electric power / an electric generatoran electrical engineer / an electrical faultan electronic computer15.healthy / healthful (P. 172 / p. 76)e. g. The children are healthy though they all have slight colds at the moment.The air at seaside is healthful to us.16.imaginative / imaginary / imaginable (P. 172)e. g. She is an imaginative musician.That is an imaginary character in a tale.This is the best means imaginable.17.historic / historical (p. 76)e. g. a historic event / historical events18.interested / interesting (p. 77)19.worth / worthy / worthwhile (P. 173)e. g. It was worth ten dollars.The book is worth reading.They …re expensive, but they are worth it.They bought fifty th ousand dollars‟ worth of equipment.NOTE : The film is worth going to see. (T)The event is not worth looking forward. (F)We should live a worthy life.He is a worthy man.be worthy of + 名词 e. g. The book is worthy of careful study.be worthy of + 动名词不定式e. g. The book is worthy of being studied carefully.be worthy + 不定式被动式 e. g. The book is worthy to be studied carefully.The novel is worthwhile reading. (F)The plan is worthwhile to be considered. (F)It is worthwhile reading the novel. (T) / Reading the novel is worthwhile.It is worthwhile to be considered. (T) / To consider the plan is worthwhile.20.a (large , great , good ) number of / a great many (of) / the majority of21.a bit of / a great (good) deal of / a great (small, large) amount of22.plenty of / a lot of / quantities of / a quantity of (P. 177)23.alive / live / living (P. 182)e. g. Who is the greatest writer alive ?The old man is still very much alive.She is fully alive to the subtlty of the situation.e. g. He caught a live fish bare – handed.That still remains a live queation.Look out ! It‟s a live bomb.It was a live broadcast, not a recording.The concert will be broadcast live.Don‟t touch the live wires.e. g. Is your father still living ? ( You cannot say: Is your father still alive?)She is the living image of her mother.No man living can write better poetry than he did.It is the greatest event within living memory.24.pleasing / pleased / pleasant (P. 183)e. g. The lotus flowers in the lake are very pleasing .The girl has pleasing manners.pleased 的常见结构：be pleased + 不定式，be pleased with, be pleased at (about), be pleased + 从句e. g. I‟m very pleased to cooperate with you.I‟m very pleased with the performance.We‟re pleased about (at) your success.I‟m quite pleased that she has got such a good opportunity.e. g. They spent a very pleasant afternoon in the hills.Spring weather is pleasant.He talked in a pleasant way.25.ill / sick (P. 183)e. g. He was almost ill with anxiety.Ill weeds grow apace.It was an ill wind that blows nobody any good.e. g. The sick man had gone on a sick leave.Be sick of = be very tired of / be fed up withe.g. I am sick of that kind of man.st week / the last week (P. 184)e. g. I was quite busy last week.I have been quite busy the last week.Last year saw great changes in the world.The last year has been one of great changes.27.be afraid / be afraid to / be afraid of (P. 185)e. g. I am very much afraid I can‟t afford so much money.He is afraid to swim in that river after that accident.She was afraid of being found out.28.alone / lonely / lonesome (P. 197)e. g. Mother was sitting alone when I came in.He is too young to travel alone at present.He alone foresaw the danger.They could hardly get along upon his wages alone.e. g. I am anxious about leaving Jim alone in the house.She was really alone in the world except for an invalid aunt.We were alone, so we could talk freely.They were not alone in supporting the measure.e. g. At heart, he is a lonely man.He felt extremely lonely in those lonely years.That is a lonely mountain village.The ship sailed by a lonely island.e. g. She is lonesome without the children.This is the most lonesome part of the island.29.especially / specially (P. 228)e. g. She is especially interested in reading detective novels.A committee has been specially appointed to look into the matter.30.anything but / nothing but (P. 231)e. g. That‟s anything but true.What he speaks is nothing but Chinglish.31.anyhow / anyway /at any rate (P. 231)e. g. It‟s a pity you failed this time. Anyhow, it‟s also a good thing. Failure is the mother ofsuccess.A : This seems to be a poem by Shelley.B : No, it‟s by Keats.A : All right, by one of the romantic poets, anyway.You must get over the hill before sunrise, at any rate.32.choice / alternative (P. 267)e. g. Her first choice is to become a musician.These are the choice silk goods from Suzhou.He had the alternative of working hard and being successful or not working hard and being unsuccessful.She had no other alternative but to resign.The phrase had alternative explanations.33.attitude / manner (p. 100)attitude to / towards sb. / sth.e. g. She shows a very positive attitude to her work.mannere. g. I don‟t like her manner --- she‟s very hostile.It‟s bad manners to stare at people.34.class / lesson / course (p.101)e. g. We have four classes in the morning.Lesson Oneto take a writing course35.family / home / house (p. 104)y / lie (P. 316)e. g. The university lies in the east of the city.It‟s Sunday. Many people are _____ on the grass in t he garden enjoying the sun while some workers are busy _____ bricks across the river.A. laid…lyingB. lying…lyingC. lain…layingD. lying…laying37.arise / rise / raise / arouse (p. 58 / P. 316)e. g. The sun having set down, a mist arose.The old man _____ from his seat and embraced the young man _____ by him twenty years before.A. arose…raisedB. raised…arisenC. arisen…risenD. rose…raisedWhat they did aroused our anger.38.affect / effect (P. 319)e. g. She was deeply affected by her mother‟s death.The reform has effected great changes in China.No one can prevent him from _____ his purpose.A. affectingB. being effectingC. effectingD. having effected39. agree 的用法(P. 319)agree + 带to 的动词不定式e. g. They agreed to take him along.agree + 介词（1）agree aboute. g. They never agreed about politics.Teachers agree about the value of praise.People of all walks of life agree about the importance of giving superiority to the development of national education.(2) agree one. .g They have agreed on the date for the next meeting.We agree on the basic policies.(3)agree toe. g. Will he agree to your proposal ?(4)agree withe. g. I agree with your views on the matter.I don‟t always agree with him.NOTE : e.g. The clothes of this colour don‟t agree with her.What you have said does not quite agree with the fact.40.receive / accept (P. 320)e. g. I have received his invitation card but I will not accept it.41.cost / spend / take (P. 321)e. g. The dictionary cost her twenty dollars.It will take us two weeks to finish the work.He is a man who _____ money like water and will buy anything he likes whatever it may _____.A. costs … spendB. takes … costC. spends … takeD. spends … cost42.clash / crash / crush / smash (P. 321)e. g. The car crashed into a wall.This machine is used to crush wheat grain to make flour.Our troops _____ with the enemy soldiers for several days and finally _____ them.A. crushed … clashedB. smashed … crashedC. clashed … crashedD. clashed … crushed43.assure / ensure (P. 321)e. g. I can assure you of his honesty.I can assure you that he is safe now.e. g. (1) We can ensure his safety.I ensure doing the work well.I ensure that the work shall be finished on time.(2) He ensured the old man from being killed by the enemy.I can‟t ensure to (for) him everything he asks for.Alt hough he couldn‟t _____ my success, he _____ me that he would give whatever help I needed.A. be ensured … assuredB. assured … ensuredC. assure … ensuredD. ensure … assurede. g. She has insured her life.She has insured the house for 3000 dollars.He has insured the building against fire and theft.44.beat / defeat / win (P. 322)e. g. Team A won Team B in the football match. (F)Team A defeated (beat) Team B in the football match. (T)Team A won the football match. (T)I beat John at chess yesterday. (T)45.adapt / adopt (P. 323)e. g. The committee has _____ your suggestion and will have the novel _____ for a film.A. adapted … adoptB. adopted … adaptC. adopted … to be adaptedD. adopted … ad apted46.prefer 的用法(P.328)(1) prefer + 动名词表示“更喜欢某种”活动e. g. “Do you like ball games?” “No, I prefer swimming.”(2) prefer + 动词不定式表示在某个特定场合“宁愿，更喜欢”e. g. I prefer to go out for an outing this afternoon.(3) prefer + 动名词+ to + 动名词表示在两者之间更喜欢哪一种e. g. He prefers sailing to swimming.(4)prefer to + 动词不定式+ rather than + 不带to的动词不定式意为“宁愿…而不”e. g. He would prefer to stay at home rather than _____ in such bad weather.A. to go outB. went outC. go outD. be going out50. avenge / revenge (P.330)e. g. He avenged his father on the murderer.He revenged himself on his enemy by burning down his house.51.call on / call at (P. 333)e. g. I called on an old friend last week.I called at his house yesterday morning.The ship will call at Nanjing Harbour at midnight.I called on him to keep the secret.Who called me up just now ?The boy was called up from sleep.52.consist in / consist of / consist with (P. 333)e. g. Her charm does not consist only in her beauty.The committee consists of nine members.Health does not consist with intemperance.53.apply for /apply to (P. 334)e. g. He is applying for a passport.He will apply to the president for admission to the university.pare sth. to / compare sth. with (P. 335)e. g. The teacher compared the poet to a bird.The teacher compared Shelley with Keats.55.escape prison / escape from prison (P. 343)e. g. He has escaped from prison.Some gas is escaping from the pipe.e. g. He escaped prison.He narrowly escaped being caught.Her unusual behaviour escaped their attention.The children all escaped measles.The secret escaped her lips.56.live on / live by / live off (P. 344)e. g. The lady lives chiefly on rice.She lives on 100 dollars a month. (on what he earns)The old man lived on credit.He lived by running a small shop.He lives by the sweat of his brow, not by cheating.e. g. The farmers live off the land there generation after generation.He told them to live off the mountain. (things grown in the mountain)57.make up / make up of (P. 346)e. g. Nine players make up a team.The workers make up 40 percent of the population.e. g. A team is made up of nine players.Society is made up of different kinds of people.This is made up of three parts.58.bring / take / fetch / carry / get (p. 51)59.beat / hit / strike (p. 51)e. g. to beat a drum / to hit the target60.answer to / answer for (P. 337)e. g. The bike exactly answers to the description of the stolen one.The horse answers to the slight pull on the rein.e. g. I can answer for her honesty in money matters.One day you will have to answer for what you have done.The faxmachine isn‟t a go od one, but it will answer for the purpose.61.take one‟s place / take one‟s place of (P. 334)e. g. Please take your place at the table.The novel will take its place among the best works in world literature.George has taken the place of Jack as captain of the ship.62.think about / think of (P. 335)e. g. Jane is thinking about quitting the job.Whenever he thinks of the sad experience, his heart sinks.63.remember / remind / recall (P. 330)e. g. The picture reminds her of the village where she once spent her holidays.That suddenly reminded her that she had promised to come.I reminded the driver that we hadn‟t got any petrol left.In case I forget, please remind me about it.It is Jim who reminded me to post the letter.I can‟t remember what happened then.I can still recall her face.NOTE : I remember seeing her.I remember having seen her.I remember to have seen her.I remember that I have seen her.64.identify / realize / recognize / specify (P. 323)e. g. He identified the criminal among the crowd.The contrast specified the bricks made in that area for the building.He soon _____ that people would not _____ him as a lawful king.A. specified … recognizedB. realized … identifiedC. recogniz ed … realizedD. realized … recognize65.dress / wear / put on (P. 323)e. g. He wears quickly. (F)He dresses quickly. (T)The man ______ a black jacket is _____ the boy.A. dressing … wearingB. is wearing …dressingC. worn … dressingD. wearing … dressing66.fit / suit (P. 320)e. g. This pair of shoes does not fit me.Red and black are colours that suit him very well.CONTRAST : Your clothes fit you. / Your clothes suit you.67.result in / result from (P. 340)e. g. The fire resulted in thirty deaths.The talk has resulted in better understanding between the two countries.The damage resulted from negligence.Nothing has resulted from their meditation.68.owe 的用法e. g. (1) I owed him 100 yuan.He owed a lot of money to the neighbour.I owe a great deal to my mother.(2) He owed his success to her help.I owe you my best thanks.She owed it to him that she tided over the difficulties.NOTE : I owe him my success. (F)I owe my success to him. (T)69.deal with / deal in (P. 335)e. g. This sort of man is hard to deal with.This shop deals in daily necessities.70.account for 的多层含义(1)解释，说明e. g. There‟s no accounting for tastes.How do you account for the lost ring ?(2)是…的原因e. g. His carelessness accounts for the failure.(3)占e. g. The province accounts for about 1 / 15 of the country‟s total area and population.(4)考虑到，顾及e. g. It is urgent to take new measures to account for the safety of the workers.(5)击落（解决，捕获）e. g. They accounted for five enemy aircraft in one day.(6)交待出（说明用途）e. g. You‟ll have to account for every penny of the money entrusted to you.71. no one / none (P. 76)e. g. _____ the girls came on the trip.A. NoB. Nobody ofC. None ofD. No one ofYou said the books were on the desk but _____ there.A. there are no oneB. there were noneC. there were no onesD. was noneHe was left alone, with _____ to look after him.A. someoneB. anyoneC. not oneD. no one72. industrial / industrious (394)(1)industriale. g. In modern industrial areas, socio-cultural change is occurring at an accelerated rate.(2)industrious (about sth.)e. g. I knew he was an industrious man.He is industrious about his studies.73. valuable / invaluablee. g. Her grandmother left her a valuable ring.The jawbone was our most valuable discover.He has an invaluable collection of painting.Your help has been invaluable to us.74. base / basis / bottom / foundation (343 / P. 266)e. g. a military baseShe used her family‟s history as a base for her novel.Rates of work are calculated on a weekly basis.Don‟t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.The ship went to the bottom of the sea.The telephone is at the bottom of the stairs.The manufacturer‟s name is on the bottom of the plate.a solid foundation75. conscience / conscious / consciousness (P. 267)e. g. My conscience wouldn‟t allow me to do that.A conscious man may be knocked unconscious.An unconscious man is one who has lost consciousness.76. scene / scenery (P. 269)e. g. The first scene in the second act contains a lengthy soliloquy.The scene represents the king‟s palace.The scene of the story is Victorian England.This is the scene of the accident which happened last night.The sunset made a beautiful scene.There were distressing scenes when the earthquake occurred.Did you make a scene with her ?e. g. The scenery up at the lake is just breathtaking.The scenery pictures a garden in the moonlight.77. appear / emerge / break out / show up / turn up (P. 322)occur / happen / take place (P. 339)e. g. Two car accidents _____ on the highway this morning.A. appearedB. was happenedC. occurredD. emergedThe war _____ in 1964.A. had taken placeB. was turned upC. was broken outD. broke out78. belong in / belong to (P. 324)e. g. The desk _____ the corner near the south window.A. belongs toB. is belonging inC. has been belonging toD. belongs in79. prohibit / forbid (P. 331)e. g. They prohibited children from swimming in the river.They forbade children to swim in the river.80. insist on / persist in (P. 339)e. g. The teacher insisted on the importance of mastering a foreign language.He persisted in carrying on the experiment in spite of all kinds of setbacks.。