写作1
应用文写作(1)

单元一
日用文书
目录
第一节 常用条据
例1
请假条
尊敬的张老师:
我发烧 39 度,到医院检查系重感冒,医生建议我卧床休息,故向您请
假三天(××年 ×× 月 ×× 日至 ×× 年 ×× 月 ×× 日),敬请批准。
此致
敬礼!
附:医生证明
学生:×××
×××× 年 ×× 月 ×× 日
例2 王老师:
正文写完后,另起一行,空两格写“此 据”二字,也可省略不写。
在条据的右下方写明所在单位的名称和 经手人姓名(盖章)及写条据的时间(年、 月、日)。
第二节 专用书信
例文 1
证明信
我委副主任 ×××、办公室主任 ××× 和办事人员××× 三位同志前往云南、广西、贵
州、四川考察和联系旅游开发的有关事宜,希望沿途各有关单位协助解决食宿及交通问
我生病了,不能到校上课,向您请假两天。 望批准。
学生:××× ×××× 年 ×× 月 ×× 日
【评析】 学生对比这几则材料,采用团队合作的形式 讨论并形成总的意见,推选代表作答。
条据的一般格式
在第一行中间写“借条”“欠条”“领 条”“收条”等,表现条据的性质。如果是 代收或代领等,则在“收到”或“领到”等 的前面加上一个“代”字。第二行开头写对 方(个人或单位)的名字或名称。然后写物 件名称、数量或金额。金额后面要写上“整” 字,以防添加或涂改。
感 谢 观 看
系均清楚。该同志对教学工作认真负责,近年来多次被评为市级模范教师。
特此证明。
×× 省 ×× 市 ×× 大学党支部(公章)
×××× 年 ×× 月 ×× 日
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 3. 慰问信的格式 (1)标题。一种是只写“慰问信”三个字; 另一种是加上慰问的对象和慰问信的种类。 (2)称谓。标题下空一行,顶格写慰问对象 的名称或姓名。 (3)正文。第一部分,用简洁的话说明写信 的原因;第二部分,比较全面而具体地叙述对 方的英雄事迹或对方所遭受的困难;第三部分, 结合形势和任务,提出希望或鼓励对方战胜困 难;第四部分,写慰问信的单位或个人的愿望 和决心。 (4)结束语。用一句鼓励或祝愿的话作为结 束语,另起一行空两格写。 (5)落款。署名和日期分两行写在慰问信的 右下方。
自考写作一试题及答案

自考写作一试题及答案试题一:请以“我与书籍的故事”为题,写一篇不少于800字的记叙文。
【写作要求】1. 请结合个人经历,描述你与书籍之间的情感联系。
2. 可以叙述一两个与书籍相关的重要事件或经历。
3. 表达你从书籍中获得的感悟或启示。
【范文示例】我与书籍的故事,就像一条悠长的河流,流淌着知识的甘泉,滋养着我的心灵。
自幼,我便对书籍有着浓厚的兴趣,它们是我最好的朋友,最忠实的伴侣。
记得在我很小的时候,母亲就给我买了第一本图画书。
虽然那时我还不认识几个字,但书中五彩斑斓的插图深深吸引了我。
我常常坐在窗前,翻看着那些图画,想象着它们背后的故事。
随着年龄的增长,我逐渐学会了阅读,书籍成了我探索世界的窗口。
高中时,我遇到了一本影响深远的书——《悲惨世界》。
书中的主人公让·瓦尔让,他的人生经历让我深刻体会到了人性的复杂和伟大。
他从一名囚犯到成为一位受人尊敬的市长,再到最后的救赎之路,让我明白了无论身处何种境遇,人都有选择善良和光明的权利。
这本书让我对生活充满了希望和勇气。
大学时期,我接触到了更多的书籍,它们拓宽了我的视野,丰富了我的思想。
每当我感到迷茫或困惑时,我就会拿起一本书,让自己沉浸在知识的海洋中。
书籍总能给我指引方向,让我找到解决问题的方法。
书籍不仅教会了我知识,更教会了我做人的道理。
它们让我懂得了尊重、理解、同情和爱。
每当我阅读到那些伟大人物的故事时,我都会深受感动,他们的精神和品质激励我成为一个更好的人。
如今,我已经步入社会,但书籍依然是我生活中不可或缺的一部分。
每当夜深人静时,我会拿起一本书,静静地阅读,感受文字的力量。
书籍是我心灵的港湾,是我灵魂的慰藉。
总结来说,我与书籍的故事是一段不断学习和成长的过程。
它们见证了我的成长,陪伴我度过了无数个日夜。
我相信,只要我继续阅读,继续学习,我的人生将会因为书籍而变得更加丰富多彩。
试题二:请以“网络时代的人际交往”为题,写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
最新大学英语写作writing-1-(the-hazards-of-moviegoing)

Find out the point and support in the following paragraph and essay.The Hazards of Movie-goingAlthough I love movies, I’ve found that there are drawbacks to movie-going. One problem is just the inconvenience of it all. To get to the theater, I have to drive for at least thirty minutes or more if traffic is bad. It can take forever to find a parking spot, and then I have to walk across a huge parking lot to the theater. There I encounter long lines, sold-out shows, and ever-increasing prices. And I hate sitting with my feet sticking to the floor because of other people’s spilled snacks. Another problem is my lack of self-control at the theater. I often stuff myself with unhealthy calorie-laden snacks. My choices might include a bucket of popcorn, a box of Milk Duds, a giant soda, or all three. The worst problem is some of the other moviegoers. Kids run up and down the aisle. Teenagers laugh and shout at the screen. People of all ages drop soda cups and popcorn tubs, cough and burp (打嗝), and talk to one another. All in all, I would rather stay home and wait to see the latest movie hits on cable TV in the comfort of my own living room.The Hazards of Movie-goingI am a movie fanatic. My friends count on me to know movie trivia and to remember every big Oscar awarded since I was in grade school. My friends, though, have stopped asking me if I want to go out to the movies. While I love movies as much as ever, the inconvenience of going out, the temptations of the theater, and the behavior of some patrons are reasons for me to wait and rent the video.To begin with, I just don’t enjoy the general hassle (trouble) of the evening. Since small local movie theaters are a thing of the past, I have to drive for thirty minutes to get to the nearest multiplex. The parking lot is shared with several restaurants and a supermarket, so it’s always jammed. I have to drive around at a snail’s pace (像蜗牛般爬行) until I spot another driver backing out. Then it’s time to stand in an endless line, with the constant threat that tickets for the show I want will sell out. If we do get tickets, the theater will be so crowded that I won’t be able to sit with my friends, or we’ll have to sit in a front row gaping up at a giant screen. I have to shell out (pay) a ridiculous amount of money ―up to $8 ―for a ticket. That entitles me to sit while my shoes seal themselves to a sticky floor coated with spilled soda, bubble gum, and crushed Raisinets.Second, the theater offers tempting snacks that I really don’t need. Like most of us, I have to battle an expanding waistline. At home I do pretty well by simply not buying stuff that is bad for me. I can make do with (设法/勉强应付) snacks like celery (芹菜) and carrot sticks because there is no ice cream in the freezer. Going to the theater, however, is like spending my evening in a Seven-Eleven that’s been equipped with a movie screen and comfortable seats. As I try to persuade myself to just have a diet Coke, the smell of fresh popcorn dripping with butter soon overcomes me. Chocolate bars, the size of small automobiles, seem to jump into my hands. I risk pulling out my fillings (补牙用填料) as I chew enormous mouthfuls of Milk Duds. By the time I leave the theater, I feel disgusted with myself.Many of the other patrons are even more of a problem than the concession stand (影院里的贩卖处). Little kids race up and down the aisles, usually in giggling packs. Teenagers try to impress their friends by talking back to (反驳/回嘴) the screen, whistling, and making what they consider to be hilarious (欢闹的) noises. Adults act as if they were at home in their own living room. They comment loudly on the ages of the stars and reveal plot twists that are supposed to be a secret until the film’s end. And people of all ages create distractions. They crinkle (弄皱) candy wrappers, stick gum on their seats, and drop popcorn tubs or cups of crushed ice and soda on the floor. They also cough and burp, squirm (蠕动) endlessly in their seats, file out (鱼贯而出) for repeated trips to the rest rooms or concession stands, and elbow me out of the armrest on either side of my seat.After arriving home from the movies one night, I decided that I was not going to be a moviegoer anymore. I was tired of the problems involved in getting to the theater, resisting unhealthy snacks, and dealing with the patrons. The next day, I arranged to have premium (额外花费) movie channels installed as part of my cable TV service, and I also got a membership at my local video store. I may now see movies a bit later than other people, but I’ll be more relaxed watching box office hits in the comfort of my own living room.。
自学考试《写作一》模考试卷和答案

自学考试《写作一》模考试卷和答案一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分。
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分)1.下列属于二次文献的是()A.期刊论文B.书目C.专题综述D.数据手册2.小说虚构艺术的魅力在于()A.虽假犹真B.虚构性的情节C.体验式的人物D.具有生命感的自由时空3.小说作品能够发挥持久生命力的关键点是()A.虚构性情节的构建B.人物形象的塑造C.具体的环境描写D.对生活的意义的揭示4.写作过程中,由素材向文本转化的中介步骤是()A.知B.思C.行D.改5.在所有描写技巧中,最能检验写作者功力的是()A.正面描写B.侧面烘托C.细节刻画D.暗示性描写6.专题报告一般一事一报,注重()A.实用性B.真实性C.规范性D.专一性《写作(一)》模考试卷和答案7.历史上的“贞观之治”、“宦官专权”、“文化大革命”等属于学术写作素材中的()A.事实素材B.现象素材C.实物素材D.文献素材8.诗歌创作中,为了拉长感受的距离,制造独特的意象效果需要作者采取的呈现方式是()A.神与物游B.远譬喻C.跳跃性思维D.声情并茂9.小说运思要最大可能的()A.让人物情感占有优势B.让作家的情感逻辑占有优势C.让故事情节占有优势D.让作家的主观意志占有优势10.按照一般的学术规范,直接引用引文要用()A.括号B.破折号C.引号D.冒号11.孟子说,“颂其诗,读其书,不知其人,可乎?是以论其世也。
”强调的是文学评论要()A.知人论世B.析赏结合C.情理结合D.叙议结合12.写作中使用最早,使用频率最高,应用范围最广的表达方式是()A.叙述B.议论C.描写D.抒情13.在学术写作、实用写作中抽象的直接起点是()A.比较分析B.经验事实C.普遍规律D.因果关系14.学术写作的原初被动动机性质如果不能转换为主动动机,可能会造成的后果是()A.写作过程的虚假性B.“功利性”写作C.职业受命写作D.曲意迎合低级趣味15.提纲是文章的()A.主旨B.蓝图C.核心D.线索16.下列文体中,可以没有主题的是()A.小说B.诗歌C.散文D.文学评论17.主要功能在于告知,用于向不相隶属机关告知相关事项的函是()A.商洽函B.知照函C.请批函D.询复函18.精神分析学理论的奠基人弗洛伊德把文学创作看成是作家的()A.灵感的体现B.语言思维的外化C.精神创造活动D.白日梦19.人类学术活动最本真的动机和目的是()A.好奇B.脱俗C.求真D.务实20.“翻案文章”属于学术论文选题常见的思考向度和切入点中的()A.填补空白《写作(一)》模考试卷和答案B.对前人研究的完善发展C.质疑颠覆D.分歧争议二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分。
写作教程1 答案

Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions:1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e :me, who, I, me/myselff._____j :each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n :one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seemdifferent from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “ blind” is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care ofneedy children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city’s enviromnmentalsurroundings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets.4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother’s request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as hisfather has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could not resist t he temptation to whisper in her friend’s ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We must contimue measuring and assessing children’s performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old lady was yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and downanother corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing’s room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several other six-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted out of office. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died.h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn’t like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday presente.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom’s kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog” that Garfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don’t like”is a quotation that Garfield usesmost often.3.Reference version:But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish which had been described as fine didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I think I will go back to my lovely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady’s five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilp them, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybodyg.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference in BarcelonaExcerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinning and grining his teeth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mo uth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insectsThe weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when the temperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn’t find it .e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook year after year doesn’t mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam.e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn’t stop crying unless his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master’s degree is hard to decide.e. I’ll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn’t in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. ThenRick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day’s hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student’s paper. Another all-time favorite methos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen” (or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writing up cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater’sstyle is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver’s last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all.Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,” was first introduced in the carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey was established as the cinema’s most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children’s health, but also teaches our children agood attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the child gr ows up, he still can’t do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents and granparents wouldn’t let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find that things are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles.Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests’ arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man; however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least ,they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an artcritic?d. Charm, the women’s fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She, another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee— had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw’s main purpose is not to show the tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character of St.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together.b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and found himself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Again he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”。
自考写作一试题及答案

自考写作一试题及答案自考写作试题一、选择题(每题1分,共10分)1. 写作中,以下哪个选项不是文章结构的基本组成部分?A. 引言B. 正文C. 结论D. 插图2. 以下哪项不是写作中常见的修辞手法?A. 比喻B. 排比C. 引用D. 反问3. 在写作中,为了增强文章的说服力,以下哪种方式是不恰当的?A. 使用事实和数据支持观点B. 引用权威人士的观点C. 过度使用个人情感色彩D. 逻辑清晰地展开论点4. 以下哪个选项不是写作中常见的文章类型?A. 议论文B. 记叙文C. 说明文D. 小说5. 文章的开头部分,通常被称为什么?A. 结尾B. 正文C. 引言D. 总结6. 在写作中,使用第一人称可以增加文章的什么?A. 客观性B. 权威性C. 可信度D. 主观性7. 以下哪个选项不是写作中常见的段落结构?A. 主题句+支持句B. 问题+回答C. 描述+总结D. 引言+正文8. 写作中,段落的结尾部分通常用来做什么?A. 引入新的观点B. 总结本段内容C. 提出问题D. 描述背景9. 在写作中,以下哪个选项不是文章的结尾方式?A. 总结全文B. 强调观点C. 提出建议D. 引入新问题10. 写作中,以下哪个选项不是文章的修改和校对的内容?A. 语法错误B. 拼写错误C. 逻辑结构D. 文章主题二、简答题(每题5分,共10分)1. 请简述写作中如何有效地使用过渡词来增强文章的连贯性。
2. 请简述在写作中如何避免使用陈词滥调。
三、论述题(每题15分,共30分)1. 论述在写作中如何平衡文章的客观性与主观性。
2. 论述在写作中如何通过举例来支持论点。
四、写作题(40分)请以“网络时代的信息筛选”为题,写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
要求观点明确,论据充分,结构清晰,语言流畅。
答案一、选择题1. D2. C3. C4. D5. C6. D7. D8. B9. D10. D二、简答题1. 在写作中,过渡词是连接句子和段落的重要工具。
《写作(一)》第三章考点手册

《写作(一)》第三章文学写作训练考点10 文学创作综论(★三级考点)1.文学创作,即写作主体运用写作载体、实现写作客体、沟通写作受体的一个不断物化的过程。
在这一创作行为过程中,文学创作的意义才得以完成。
割裂任何一种因素都将导致文学创作上的偏颇。
如过于强调客体的意义,容易导致文学创作上的主题决定论、题材决定论,也容易导致受政治或社会宣传意识对文学创作自由度的干涉,而过于强调文学载体则容易陷入文学史上经常批评的形式主义文风,导致文学作品的内容空疏、形式华丽。
2.其突出表现为以下几个方面的特征:一、文学创作的个人性二、文学创作的非功利性辨析【1510·文学创作具有很强的功利性】即文学创作是一种无目的性的精神创造活动,它不解决任何社会问题,也不承担任何社会职责。
即使文学在社会时代中发挥较大的作用和功能,也不像公文、法律文书等那样直接产生作用。
尽管作者内心有受某种社会责任感的触动而进行文学创作,但创作本身是一种高度审美化的活动。
三、文学创作的情感性四、文学创作的个体无意识性五、文学语言的独特性考点11 小说(★★二级考点)1.小说文体的类型(一)古典小说类型从形式上分:笔记体小说文人创作,如《世说新语》、《聊斋志异》等;章回体小说民间集体创作,文人整理如冯梦龙、凌蒙初的“三言二拍”,明清古典长篇小说等。
从语言上分:文言文小说和白话文小说;从题材上分:世情小说、公案小说、武侠小说、神魔小说、历史演义、谴责小说等。
(二)现代小说类型现代小说最有影响的分类是根据篇幅长短不同,分为长篇、中篇、短篇、微型小说。
长篇小说篇幅长,容量大,结构复杂,适合反映开阔的社会生活和复杂的时代内容,揭示深刻的生活意藴和社会发展规律。
中篇小说的篇幅介于长篇与短篇之间,具有中等叙事规模,一般在2至10万字的容量。
短篇小说则篇幅较短,结构独特,多截取社会生活中有意义的片断和侧面加以反映,小说内涵富有凝聚力,一般在两千至两万字的容量之间。
“一”写作提纲30例

“一”写作提纲30例一、一的概念和基本含义:1. “一”字在汉字中是最简单的字形,表示最少、最小的数量。
2. “一”也可以表示独一无二,独特。
3. “一”有时用来表示代表整体,统一。
二、数学中的“一”:1. “一”是自然数中最小的正整数。
2. “一”是最基本的单位,可以用来计数。
3. “一”也表示一个整体的概念,例如“一本书”、“一支笔”。
三、“一”的象征:1. “一”表示唯一、独一无二的含义。
2. “一”也可以表示团结和合作,例如“众志成城,万众一心”。
3. “一”可以表示坚定和不变,例如“一往无前”,“一诺千金”。
四、“一”的引申含义:1. “一”可以用来表示同类之中最好、最高的,例如“世界第一”、“冠军”。
2. “一”有时用来表示迅速,例如“一瞬间”。
3. “一”可以表示固定的时间或顺序,例如“七点一刻”、“一年一度”。
五、“一”的习语和成语:1. “一无所有”表示一无所有或毫无收获。
2. “一马当先”表示领导先导。
3. “一丝不苟”表示做事认真细致,不漏一点瑕疵。
4. “一心一意”表示专心致志,全力以赴。
六、“一”的相关故事:1. 道家思想中的一:道家认为“道”是宇宙万物的根源,也代表着绝对的真理,一即为全。
2. 佛教思想中的一:佛教中有“一念清净”之说,表示心无杂念,达到纯净的境界。
3. 《三字经》中的一:三字经中有“天地玄黄”,表示天地之间的神秘而又无比纯净。
七、“一”的艺术表现:1. 书法中的“一”字,以其简洁的笔画和端庄的形态,被广泛运用于书法作品中。
2. 绘画中的“一”字,可以表示画面中的主角或突出的元素。
3. 诗歌中的“一”字,可以用来表达一种情感或思想,例如“山一程,水一程”。
八、“一”的道德观念:1. “一”与道德事业密切相关,道德的核心是“一”。
一个人只有独立自主、热诚奉献,才能成为伟大的人物。
2. “一”代表尊严和自尊,一个人只有坚守原则、不犯错误,才能获得他人的尊重。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
鲁 迅 故 居 江苏 许 梅 鲁迅先生于1912 1912年 月随当时的教育部由南京迁到北京来。 鲁迅先生于1912年5月随当时的教育部由南京迁到北京来。 住所几经迁移,最后于1924 1924年 月迁入阜成门内宫门口西三条21 住所几经迁移,最后于1924年5月迁入阜成门内宫门口西三条21 在此住了近三年。后由于反动政府的不断迫害, 1926年 号,在此住了近三年。后由于反动政府的不断迫害,于1926年8 月离京南下。鲁迅先生的母亲仍住在这里。 月离京南下。鲁迅先生的母亲仍住在这里。 鲁迅故居是一座极其普通的小四合院。有前后两个小院, 鲁迅故居是一座极其普通的小四合院。有前后两个小院,南房 三间,北房四间,东西厢房各一间。房屋都很矮小, 三间,北房四间,东西厢房各一间。房屋都很矮小,进深也很 狭窄,全宅总面积不过500平方米。然而, 500平方米 狭窄,全宅总面积不过500平方米。然而,想不到这里曾是一代 文豪的住所。 文豪的住所。 故居门口是一个黑漆小门。门内西侧有一折扇屏门。 故居门口是一个黑漆小门。门内西侧有一折扇屏门。入门 即是前院。院内北房前有两株高大的丁香树, 即是前院。院内北房前有两株高大的丁香树,是鲁迅先生亲手 植的,使这小院显得很幽静又有生气。南房是书房和会客室。 植的,使这小院显得很幽静又有生气。南房是书房和会客室。 里面摆着几架书柜、一张方桌、几把藤椅等简单家具。 里面摆着几架书柜、一张方桌、几把藤椅等简单家具。当年许 多青年学生到这里受到鲁迅的热情接待。 多青年学生到这里受到鲁迅的热情接待。南房的西间有一张招 待客人留宿的床铺,当年有的青年被反动政府逼得无家可归, 待客人留宿的床铺,当年有的青年被反动政府逼得无家可归, 鲁迅便留他们住在这里。 鲁迅便留他们住在这里。
例文及简评· 例文及简评
引人注目的是北面的正屋。 引人注目的是北面的正屋。北房的档间是鲁迅母 亲的住室。 亲的住室。中间向后扩建的一小间是鲁迅先生的工作 室兼卧室。鲁迅称之为“绿林书屋” 室兼卧室。鲁迅称之为“绿林书屋”,人们都叫它 老虎尾巴” 室内陈设简单,北边窗下有一床铺, “老虎尾巴”。室内陈设简单,北边窗下有一床铺, 上铺着单薄的被褥。 上铺着单薄的被褥。靠东墙放着一张三屉桌和一把藤 桌上放着毛笔、笔架、砚台、马蹄表、 椅,桌上放着毛笔、笔架、砚台、马蹄表、喝茶的盖 碗等,还放着一盏煤油灯。屋内西墙上挂着写有《 碗等,还放着一盏煤油灯。屋内西墙上挂着写有《离 诗句的题字,上书: 望崦嵫而勿迫, 骚》诗句的题字,上书:“望崦嵫而勿迫,恐鹈鹕之 先鸣” 鲁迅先生正是如此珍惜时间,在这间小屋里, 先鸣”。鲁迅先生正是如此珍惜时间,在这间小屋里, 在这张书桌上,在这盏煤油灯下,忘我地工作, 在这张书桌上,在这盏煤油灯下,忘我地工作,辛勤 地写作。鲁迅先生在这间斗室里写下了《华盖集》 地写作。鲁迅先生在这间斗室里写下了《华盖集》 华盖集续编》 以及《野草》《彷徨》《 》《彷徨》《坟 《华盖集续编》,以及《野草》《彷徨》《坟》等不 朽作品。 朽作品。
2、什么是观察点?观察点的选择 什么是观察点? 有哪几种方法? 有哪几种方法?
观察点就是作者观察事物的立足点。 观察点就是作者观察事物的立足点。 A.定点观察法 定点观察法。 A.定点观察法。指观察者在固定的位置上对 观察对象进行观察。 观察对象进行观察。 B.定点变换观察法 观察者的立足点不变, 定点变换观察法。 B.定点变换观察法。观察者的立足点不变, 而不时变换观察的方位。 而不时变换观察的方位。 C 移步换景法 一般适合于游记 参观记, 游记或 一般适合于游记或参观记,描写或说明景 物时,人走景移,随着观察点的变换, 物时,人走景移,随着观察点的变换,不断展 现新画面。 现新画面。
1、如何观察事物的特点? 如何观察事物的特点?
观察应做到全面细致。 观察应做到全面细致。要努力从不同角 各个方面发现它的特点。 度,各个方面发现它的特点。即要求我们 抓住事物的全貌、全过程、 抓住事物的全貌、全过程、既要进行纵向 观察,了解事物的昨天、今天、, 、,来龙去 观察,了解事物的昨天、今天、,来龙去 又要横向观察,了解事物本身, 脉,又要横向观察,了解事物本身,了解 这一事物与其他事物的联系; 这一事物与其他事物的联系;既要观察事 物外部,又要观察事物内部; 物外部,又要观察事物内部;既要有宏观 观察,又要有微观观察。如果做到这样, 观察,又要有微观观察。如果做到这样, 就会发现这一事物区别与其他事物的特点。 就会发现这一事物区别与其他事物的特点。
“老虎尾巴”后面是鲁迅先生经常散步的后小院。 老虎尾巴”后面是鲁迅先生经常散步的后小院。 老虎尾巴 院中央有一眼井,周围种了许多小草和树木。 院中央有一眼井,周围种了许多小草和树木。 这座普普通通的小四合院给人的印象是极深的。 这座普普通通的小四合院给人的印象是极深的。 鲁迅先生不仅以他战斗的一生, 鲁迅先生不仅以他战斗的一生,以他的作品教育着 我们,也以他简朴的生活教育着我们。 我们,也以他简朴的生活教育着我们。 简评 作者对这座“小四合院”的全貌、 作者对这座“小四合院”的全貌、布局和方位 都能清楚地加以说明。在说明中能突出重点, 都能清楚地加以说明。在说明中能突出重点,对院 内的“老虎尾巴”进行详细具体地介绍, 内的“老虎尾巴”进行详细具体地介绍,说明室内 陈设、用物也是忠实于原貌的。故居的特点是普通、 陈设、用物也是忠实于原貌的。故居的特点是普通、 简朴的美德。 朴的美德。
3、观察的顺序有哪些? 观察的顺序有哪些?
A、时间顺序:历史顺序、年代顺序、四季 时间顺序:历史顺序、年代顺序、 交替顺序、早晚(先后)顺序、 交替顺序、早晚(先后)顺序、程序顺序 空间顺序:注意表方位的名词, B、空间顺序:注意表方位的名词,或者从 前到后,或者从上而上,或者由外到内, 前到后,或者从上而上,或者由外到内,或 者从点到面,注意事物的表里、大小、前后、 者从点到面,注意事物的表里、大小、前后、 左右、东南西北等位置和方向。 左右、东南西北等位置和方向。 逻辑顺序:先总后分、由主到次、 C、逻辑顺序:先总后分、由主到次、由表 及里、由简到繁、由此及彼、从特殊到一般、 及里、由简到繁、由此及彼、从特殊到一般、 由现象到本质等。 由现象到本质等。
写作训练
观察和描写事物特点
学习目标
(1)学会抓住特点,从多方面、 学会抓住特点,从多方面、 多角度观察和描写事物。 多角度观察和描写事物。 (2)写作训练 (3)在小组活动中培养协作精神, 在小组活动中培养协作精神, 提高人与人沟通能力。 提高人与人沟通能力。
学生自学,质疑问难(10分钟左右) 学生自学,质疑问难(10分钟左右) 分钟左右 自学提纲: 自学提纲: 1、自学短文“观察和描写事物特点”, 自学短文“观察和描写事物特点” 思考:如何观察事物的特点? 思考:如何观察事物的特点? 2、什么是观察点?观察点的选择有哪 什么是观察点? 几种方法? 几种方法? 3、观察的顺序有哪些? 观察的顺序有哪些?
巩固新知,当堂训练(20分钟) 巩固新知,当堂训练(20分钟) 分钟
请同学们仔细观察漫画看图编故 事。根据画面内容,每个学习小组合 根据画面内容, 作编写一个故事,说明寓意, 作编写一个故事,说明寓意,题目自 拟。
第一题:写一篇介绍建筑物的说明文, 第一题:写一篇介绍建筑物的说明文,仔细观 察并准确写出该建筑物的特点。题目自拟。 察并准确写出该建筑物的特点。题目自拟。 建筑物的特点大体表现在两个方面: 1、 建筑物的特点大体表现在两个方面:一是 外在的形态,二是内部的布局。观察一座建筑物不仅 外在的形态,二是内部的布局。 要注意它的外观,还要深入了解该建筑物的内部情况。 要注意它的外观,还要深入了解该建筑物的内部情况。 里里外外的特点都抓住了, 里里外外的特点都抓住了,才能完整地显示它的全部 特点。所以, 特点。所以,写作之前一定要对该建筑物进行全面细 致的观察。 致的观察。 2、写作时注意事项 顺序的合理安排; 顺序的合理安排; 说明方法的使用; 说明方法的使用; 词语的准确运用。 词语的准确运用。