Chapter 14 Comparison and Contrast
Comparison and contrast essay
Ivan/Wang Yifan & Romeo/Yu BingfuENG1300Compare/Contrast EssayTwo Old WomenThere are two old women’s stories, a fake old lady and a death old lady, and do you want to know what’s similarity or what’ s difference between them? When comparing “Old Before Her Time” and “From The Way To Rainy Mountain”, it can be clearly identified that both of them have well-organized structures and brilliant descriptions, but differ greatly in content and emotion.In “Old Before Her Time”, which written by Katherine Barrett, the protagonist Patty, a industrial designer, wanted to find out the needs of the elderly so she made herself up which makes her looked very old. And during May 1979 to September 1981, she learned seven lessons from seven sufferings. First suffering, Columbus, Pat find she was ignored and counted out which she had never experienced when she stood alone in the middle of a crowd of young professionals, then she learned that the old are often ignored; Second suffering, New York City, she couldn’t run away when she was attacked, and she learned the old often couldn’t afford to move and became unsafe; Third suffering, New York City, she risked a terrible fall when she get up and down stairs, or on and off bus, and she learned old people treat with no mercy of every barrier or rude person you encountered; Fourth suffering, Florida, she was impressed when she heard a women saying that she wouldn’t tell her children their father beat her because she didn’t want to disillusion them, and Pat learned even afifty-year-old marriage wa sn’t necessarily a good one; Fifth suffering, Florida, she was rudely hit and laughed by four little boys when she tottering down the side walk, and she learned social class affected every aspect of an older person; Sixth suffering, New York City, Pat felt lack of hugging and men when she was wasting time at benches, and she learned that you never grow old emotionally and you always need to feel love; Seventh suffering, New York City, Pat had her first date with a thin gentleman since her marriage ended and she learned that life does go on as long as you’re flexible and open to change. Finally, after she was back to living the live of a single thirty-year old, she realized that though people’s bodies age, inside they are really no different than when they were young.Likewise, “From The Way To Rainy Mountain”, which written by Scott Momaday, narrated a series of stories about author’s grandmother and their nation the Kiowas when he climbed the Rainy Mountain to visit his grandmother’s grave. First, when he arrived, he remember grandmother born when her nation the Kiowas surrendered to the soldiers at Fort Sill and imprisoned in the old stone corral in order to save themselves after the last great moment of their history, so she was exempted from high gray walls and realized the harm and damage of defeat. What’s more, he mentioned that the ancient Kiowas were hunters in North America and then they entered upon the Southern Plains they had transformed. Then he also review grandmother’s adult ag e at Yellowstone where she lived out her long life. The Kiowas reckoned their stature by the distance they could see, and they were bent and blind in the wilderness. Descending eastward, the Kiowas paused on their way and came tothe plains where they must change their lives. Finally, he remembered her old age. He describes some postures that were peculiar to her which constructed a mercy and unique figure. And it’s end with a peaceful view about the rooms where grandmother once lived and an beautiful scenery.Thus, s tructure is a wonderful similarity between “Old Before Her Time” and “From The Way To Rainy Mountain”. Obviously, both essays followed time logic and developed by different places, “Old Before Her Time” narrated Patty’s seven sufferings from May 1979 to September 1981, just as “From The Way To Rainy Mountain” narrated grandmother’s all live and the Kiowas’s history, very clear, straight-forward and flexible, so their structures both were familiar in general.Besides the excellent well-organized structures, there are some brilliant descriptions existing in the two essays. Firstly, in order to make the descriptions vivid, both of the two essays use figurative language. Like Momaday’s writing, “Her long, black hair, always drawn and braided in the day, lay upon her shoulders and against her breasts like a shawl,” he uses figurative language to draw the image of his grandmother and impress us deeply. Correspondingly, when Barrett writes, “Life is like a hard closed gate for the elderly, what’s the elderly should do is to come and open it,” We can get a vivid impression about the tough life for the elderly. What’s more, the two essays both reveal the characters through their action. In Barrett’s essay, she records a set of reactions of the major character when she gets the ignorance and discrimination. She successfully reveals the character’s sadness and embarrassment using the action. Similarly, Momaday uses the action to describe his grandmother aswell. In his description, he shows how his grandmother leads the life in the Rainy Mountain. Using describing what his grandmother does, he reveals his grandmother’s personality and life pursuit. Thus, both two essays use figurative language and record of the characters’ action so that to have brilliant descriptions.Rather than the similarities in writing skills of the two essays, obvious differences could be found in content and emotion. Barrett’s essay “Old Before Her Time” records a strange real journey. During this journey, the character named patty makes herself up as an old woman. She travels around the world with the special make-up. In the essay, the author aims to records all the facts and details about people’s reactions when meeting such an old woman. Conversely, Momaday’s essay “From The Way To Rainy Mountain”doesn’t record a set of experience about the strange journey. Instead, his essay presents his personal trip when he returns to Rainy Mountain where his grandmother lived all her life. Unlike Barrett’s essay recording quantities of facts, Momaday adds some his memory and history of Rainy Mountain to the essay. When referring to the emotion, Barratt desires to use her records of the special journey to show the discrimination about the elderly. Furthermore, the deeper emotion is that the author aims to use her essay to evoke or raise people’s awareness that the youth should respect the elderly without any discrimination. Unlike Barrett’s emotion and purpose, Momaday wants to show his personal feelings and emotion in his essay. Using some memory about his grandmother’s life in Rainy Mountain and some history about Rainy Mountain, naturally, Momaday expresses his miss to his grandmother and previous life in Rainy Mountain. Deeply, he reveals his sincere loveto his grandmother and Rainy Mountain.In conclusion, the two excellent essays both use time line to organize the essay and both use figurative language and record of the character’s action to have brilliant descriptions. However, two essays aim to convey different meanings, though they both have outstanding writing skills .In other words, it can be got a lot of similarities when reading as writers to analyze the writing skills. On the contrary, when reading as readers, it can be got different content and emotion from the two essays. Thus, when reading as a reader, Momaday’s essay is better. Comparing with Barrett’s essay, his essay has a stronger emotion, which can lead to a lasting impression to its readers.。
comparison and contrast英语专业。写作PPT
My high school teacher and my college history teacher have different methods of getting important facts across.
Supporting Details
Parallel
eg: Compare
two cities
II. Emphasis in comparison or contrast
A comparison paragraph focuses on similarities, while a contrast paragraph on differences. dissimilar things: focus on the differences. similar things: emphasize the similarities.
外语教育系
逯凌虹
I. Usage of Comparison and Contrast
Comparison or contrast paragraphs are used to show similarities or differences between two things. Comparison: show similarities Contrast: show dissimilarities
IV. Organization of the Paragraph
Topic sentence
The topic sentence introduces the two things to be discussed and the controlling idea.
Supporting sentences
comparison and contrast对比英文写作ppt课件
Activity 2: Look at your topic sentence once again. Does it
generalize the central idea in your writing? Is it a point of
Other suggested topics
Dalian Department Store vs. MACAL (Victory Plaza) Hymall vs. Walmart (or Carrefour) Two big hotels you’ve worked for
.
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Activity 2: Discuss with your classmates on the chart above.
When a writer is comparing, he is pointing out the similarities that exist between subjects or items (such as persons, things, or ideas).
When a writer is contrasting, he is pointing out the differences between subjects or items, even the two different aspects of the same subject (e.g., the advantages vs. the disadvantages of a personal computer).
Comparison and Contrast
Comparison and ContrastIn a comparison/contrast essay, you explain the similarities and the differences between two items. Comparison and contrast is a very common pattern in most academic fields.Just as an athlete trains the body for competitions, a student trains the mind for final exams.An athlete trains the body for competitions; likewise, a student trains the mind for final exams.Just as the pessimist faces rejection and disappointments, the optimist endures those same hardships common to all humans.S imilarly(Likewise/In the same way), a dog run is a small fenced area that is often located within an existing park.Athens and Istanbul are similar in that they are both densely populated.There are some striking similarities between the two cities.Istanbul and Athens are equally noisy.Contrast signal words1.Concession signal words indicate that the information in one clause is not theresult you expect from the information given in the other clause.Although the pessimist and the optimist face many of the same challenges in life, they differ greatly in their actions, words, and thoughts.2.The second group of contrast signal words shows that two things are directopposites. With direct opposites, the signal word can introduce either piece of information.In contrast/On the other hand/However, a human baby needs about 12 months to learn this skill.Contrary to popular belief, large dogs are less aggressive than small dogs.Istanbul and Berlin are different in terms of population and location.Left-brained people think and learn differently from the way right-brained people do. Istanbul and Berlin differ in that the former is a big city while the latter is small. There is a big difference between the applicants in terms of experience.Left-brain and right-brain people differ in the way they think and learn.Paragraph 1 (comparison)My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, both are small rural communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of only about 10,000 people. Similarly, my college town, Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle. Thirdly, these towns are similar in that they contain college campuses. Gridlock, for example, is home to Neutron College, which is famous for its Agricultural Economics program as well as for its annual Corn-Watching Festival. Likewise, the town of Subnormal boasts the beautiful campus of Quark College, which is well known for its Agricultural Engineering department and also for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.Paragraph 2 (comparison)Even though we come from different cultures, my wife and I are alike in several ways. For one thing, we are both thirty-two years old. In fact, our birthdays are in the same month, hers on July 10 and mine on July 20. Another similarity is that we both grew up in large cities. Helene was born and raised in Paris and I come from Yokohama. Third, our hobbies are alike too. My wife devotes a lot of her free time to playing jazz piano. In the same way, I like to spend time after work strumming my guitar. A more important similarity concerns our values. For example, Helene has strong opinions about educating our children and raising them to know right from wrong. I feel similarly. Our children should receive a good education and also have strong moral training.Paragraph 3 (comparison)In my family, personality traits are said to skip generations, so that might explain why my grandfather and I have so much in common. My grandfather arrived in the United States at sixteen, a penniless young man from Italy looking for a new life and ready to earn it. He quickly apprenticed himself to a shoe cobbler and never stopped working until he retired fifty-three years later. Similarly, when I was fourteen, I asked permission to apply for my first job as a bank teller. My parents smiled and said, “She’s just like Grandpa.” Though everyone else i n my family spends money the minute it reaches their hands, my habit of saving every penny does not seem strange to them. My grandfather also was careful with money, building his own shoe repair business out of nothing. He loved to work in his large vegetable garden and brought bags of carrots and tomatoes to our house on Saturday mornings. Like him, I enjoy the feeling of dirt on my fingers and the surprise of seedlings sprouting overnight. Though I raise zinnias instead of zucchinis, I know where I inherited a passion to make things grow. Only in opportunities, we differed. Although my grandfather’s education ended with third grade, I am fortunate to attend college—and hope that education will be my legacy to the generations that come after me.Paragraph 4 (contrast)Peter has changed a great deal in the last ten years. Although Peter had curly red hair ten years ago, he now has almost no hair at all. While he once played basketball, now he just watches sports on TV. He hated to read in school, but now he reads all the time. In high school, he wanted to be an engineer, but today he teaches history at a junior college. Most importantly, in high school, he vowed to stay single forever, yet now he is a married man with two children.Paragraph 5 (contrast)Even though Arizona and Rhode Island are both states of the U.S., they are strikingly different in many ways. For example, the physical size of each state isdifferent. Arizona is large, having an area of 114,000 square miles, whereas Rhode Island is only about a tenth the size, having an area of only 1,214 square miles. Another difference is in the size of the population of each state. Arizona has about four million people living in it, but Rhode Island has less than one million. The two states also differ in the kinds of natural environments that each has. For example, Arizona is a very dry state, consisting of large desert areas that do not receive much rainfall every year. However, Rhode Island is located in a temperate zone and receives an average of 44 inches of rain per year. In addition, while Arizona is a landlocked state and thus has no seashore, Rhode Island lies on the Atlantic Ocean and does have a significant coastline.Paragraph 6 (contrast)Now, of course, I know that it was as difficult being a girl as it was a boy, if not more so. While I stood paralyzed at one end of a dance floor trying to find the courage to ask a girl for a dance, most of the girls waited in terror at the other, afraid that no one, not even I, would ask them. And while I resented having to ask a girl for a date, wasn’t it also horrible to be the one who waited for the phone to ring? And how many of those girls who laughed at me making a fool of myself on the baseball diamond would have gladly given up their places on the sidelines for mine on the field? Paragraph 7 (contrast)Now, of course, I know that it was as difficult being a girl as it was being a boy, if not more so. I stood paralyzed at one end of the dance floor trying to find the courage to ask a girl for a dance. I also resented having to ask a girl for a date. Furthermore, I often felt foolish on the baseball diamond. On the other hand, most of the girls waited in terror at the other end of the dance floor, afraid that no one, not even I, would ask them to dance. In addition, it was a horrible situation for the girls who had to wait for the phone to ring, hoping for a date. And how many of those girls who stood on the sidelines would have gladly traded places with me on the baseball diamond?Paragraph 8 (Contrast)All young children, whatever their culture, are alike in their charm and innocence—in being a clean slate on which the wonders and ways of the world are yet to be written. But during the three years I worked in a school in Milan, I learned that American and Italian children are different in several ways. First, young American children tend to be active, enthusiastic, and inquisitive. Italian children, on the other hand, tend to be passive, quiet, and not particularly inquisitive. Second, American children show their independence while their Italian counterparts are still looking to their parents and grandparents to tell them what to do or not do. Third, and most important to those who question the influence of environment on a child, the American children generally surpass their Italian schoolmates in math, mechanical, and scientific abilities. But American children are overshadowed by their Italiancounterparts in their language, literature, art, and music courses. Perhaps the differences, which those of us at the school confirmed in an informal study, were to be expected. After all, what priority do Americans give to the technological skills? And what value do Italians—with the literature of poets and authors like Boccaccio, the works of Michelangelo, and the music of the world-famous La Scala opera at Milan—place on the cultural arts?Paragraph 9Greenline Bank suits my needs much better than Worldly Bank does. For one thing, there are not any hidden charges at Greenline. For example, customers get free checking even if they keep a low balance in their accounts. Since I do not usually have much in my checking account, this is important for me. In contrast, to get free checking at Worldly Bank, customers must have a minimum balance of $3,000. That would mean that I pay for every check I write, and I do not need that charge. Another way that Greenline Bank is better is that it offers low interest rates on loans. If I need a loan for something like a new car, for example, the bank’s rate of interest on t hat would be 9 percent. Worldly Bank would charge 17.5 percent for the same loan. Over a three-year period, the difference between 9 percent and 17.5 percent is huge. Another difference between the two banks is that Greenline Bank is a small, local bank. People know me when I walk in, and I feel that I can trust them. I also believe that giving Greenline my business helps the local economy in some small way. In contrast, Worldly Bank is huge. The people in the local office are polite in a business like way, but I do not feel as if I know them. Worldly Bank as a whole is the fourth largest bank in the country, so I know that my little account means nothing to it. Because of these differences, I am a loyal Greenline Bank customer.Comparison and Contrast EssaysSample 1My Two BrothersMost people assume that sisters and brothers have many things in common. This is not always true. Both my brothers, Nick and Joe, have the same parents and the same background, but they differ considerably in appearance and lifestyle.Nick, the younger one, has long, curly hair and a beard. He usually dresses casually in blue jeans and a T-shirt. He is a cook in a small restaurant. Because the restaurant is near his home, he rides his bicycle to work. In his free time, Nick goes to movies and plays football. He lives alone in the city in a studio apartment.My brother Joe, on the other hand, looks more conservative than Nick. He has shorter, straighter hair. He has a mustache but no beard. His clothes are also more conservative than Nick’s are. Because he is a businessman, he wears a suit and tie to work. He drives his car to his downtown office every day. In his spare time, he goes dancing and plays soccer. Joe lives in a large house in the suburbs with his wife, their children, and a cat.My friends cannot believe that Nick and Joe are brothers because they seem so different.Sample 2Two CitiesIt is difficult to imagine that a large, old city and a new, small one could be similar at all. However, anyone who has seen Paris and Washington knows that this is possible. The two cities differ in age and population, but they share many similarities.Of course, Paris is the older city. It is over 2,000 years old. Washington, in contrast, is very young. It is about 200 years old. The population of Paris (2,000,000) is also much larger than Washington’s population (638,000).Although these important differences exist, the cities are strikingly similar. First, both cities are the political centers of their countries. The president of France lives in the heart of Paris, in the Elysee Palace. Likewise, the president of the United States lives in the heart of Washington, in the White House. The French National Assembly meets in Paris, in the Palais Bourbon. The Congress of the United States has its meeting place in Washington, in the Capitol Building. Second, the two cities look similar. L’Enfant, the French engineer who designed Washington, was greatly influenced by the layout of Paris. For this reason, many of the buildings and monuments in Washington are symmetrically located in view of one another, just as they are in Paris. Both cities are also the sites of magnificent monuments; important historical landmarks; fine museums; beautiful parks; and broad, tree-lined avenues. Finally, tourism is as important for Washington as it is for Paris. Every year, millions of tourists from all over the world flock to these cities.In conclusion, Paris and Washington share numerous similarities. Besides being political and tourist centers, the cities have a similar look.E-notes From an Online LearnerThis year I attended my first U.S. history class at midnight, clad in my dancing cow pajamas and fluffy slippers. No, I was not taking part in some bizarre campus ritual. I am enrolled in two courses in the University of Houston’s Distance Education Program. Although I took classes on campus at the same college last year, my experiences in the traditional classroom and in the virtual classroom have been vastly different.Attending online courses has proved more convenient for me than traveling to regular classes each day. Because I live over an hour away from campus, I was often stalled in traffic when my 8:00 A.M. psychology lecture was beginning. Then I spent the last half hour of my afternoon English class praying that the discussion—however lively and interesting—would not go past 4:00 P.M. and make me late to pick up my son at day care. In contrast, my online classes are always convenient to attend because I set my own schedule. Lectures for my history survey course are posted to the class website, so I can log on whenever I want to read new material or review. My writing seminar is “asynchronous.” This means that students and instructors communicate at their convenience on an electronic bulletin board. I can e-mail my questions, fi lehomework, and respond to other students’ work at night or on weekends without ever leaving my apartment.Though some students miss the human energy of a real classroom, the online format actually encourages me to participate more in discussions. As a shy woman who is older than many of my peers, I used to hide in the back row to avoid having to speak. I only answered questions when called upon. On the other hand, writing online, I am more confi dent. I have time to think about what I want to say, and I know people are not judging me by anything except my ideas. Even though bulletin board discussions can be painfully slow and disjointed compared to the back-and-forth of a great classroom discussion, I like the equality in a virtual classroom. Surprisingly, there I feel freer to be the real me.The biggest difference in moving from a regular classroom to a virtual one, in my view, is learning to be self-motivated. Attending classes on campus, I was motivated by the personal involvement of my instructors. I also caught that group adrenaline rush, seeing other students hunched over their notebooks in a lecture hall or coffeehouse. While my online courses still require papers to be written each week and tests to be completed within a certain time, now no instructor is prodding me to get busy. Instead, only the soft bubbling noise of my computer’s aquarium screensaver reminds me to tap the keyboard and dive into my coursework. Fortunately, I am self-motivated and focused. As a returning student with a job and a child, I have to be. Honestly, however, I have already seen some of my online classmates post homework assignments later and later until they drop off the screen entirely.Overall, my experience with online classes has been more positive than my experience on campus, but online learning is not for everyone. So far I find online classes convenient, welcoming for self-expression, and well-suited to my particular personality, which is organized, shy, and prone to bouts of midnight energy. In fact, it’s 12:14 A.M. now as I input the final draft of this essay assignment. My son is asleep in the next room and my cat, Miss Fleason, is nuzzling my hot pink fluffy slippers.London is the financial heart of Great Britain. Similarly (Likewise/In the same way), Istanbul is the center of banking and finance in Turkey.A dog park has a fence where people and their dogs can play together.S imilarly(Likewise/In the same way), a dog run is a small fenced area that is often located within an existing park.The streets in Istanbul are similar to the ones in Athens.New York and Tokyo are similar to each other in several aspects.Athens and Istanbul are similar in that they are both densely populated.There are some striking similarities between the two cities.Istanbul and Athens are equally noisy.Not only Tokyoites but also New Yorkers dress fashionably.Both New York and Tokyo have many international restaurants.The two cities have both positive and negative features.Both PCs and Apple Macs can use Microsoft office.London is the financial heart of Great Britain. Istanbul is an important center of banking and finance, too.Tokyo is a center of fashion, and New York is, too.Laser printers and inkjet printers require good quality paper to work well.London is the financial heart of Great Britain. Istanbul is also an important center of banking and finance.The subway system in New York is the same as the one in Tokyo.Hand soap and liquid soap both work in the same way.Olive oil works in the same way as some anti-inflammatory drugs.The streets in Istanbul and Athens are alike.Like Tokyo, New York is an important center of fashion.Like a PC, a Mac is easy to use.An LCD TV is like an LCD monitor.My sister, like my cousin, wears glasses.Like my cousin, my sister wears glasses.My sister, just like my cousin, wears glasses.Just like my cousin, my sister wears glasses.Tokyo is densely populated and noisy just like New York.Athens is densely populated and noisy just as Istanbul is.Istanbul has traffic problems just a s Athens does.The new $1000 Canon 5D is comparable to $9000 professional video equipment in performance.Dogs eat a mix of raw and cooked food, but cats mostly eat raw food.Tahiti is a common destination for “extreme” sport enthusiasts. Yet Laos is actually a more suitable location.Rock music is often very fast; however, folk music is usually very slow.Although men are often considered better at “hard” science subj ects like physics andmathematics, women often graduate with higher grade point averages.Although Havana is a city which is popular with tourists, Rio is much more popular. Even though men in China smoke a higher number of cigarettes, they have lower levels of cancer than European males.Though the Pc and the Mac can both perform the same functions, the Mac is much faster.Flash discs have no moving parts, unlike hard drives.Unlike cats, dogs are social or group animals.Facilities provided in prison hospitals are not like those provided in regular hospitals. Facilities provided in state universities are not the same as those provided in private universities.Eastern and Western students are dissimilar in their expectations of university. Istanbul is completely different from Berlin.A laptop computer is different from a desktop computer because it is smaller and more compact.Istanbul and Berlin are different in terms of population and location.Left-brained people think and learn differently from the way right-brained people do. Istanbul and Berlin differ in that the former is a big city while the latter is small. There is a big difference between the applicants in terms of experience.Left-brain and right-brain people differ in the way they think and learn.In contrast to John, who is a liberal, Bill is a conservative.Microsoft Office costs about £100 in contrast to Open Office which is free.Most baby animals can walk within a few hours of birth. In contrast/On the other hand/However, a human baby needs about 12 months to learn this skill.Contrary to popular belief, large dogs are less aggressive than small dogs.London Heathrow airport is very busy compared to / with Berlin International.A laser printer is cheap to run compared to / with an inkjet.Some people like to exercise indoors, while / whereas others prefer to exercise outdoors.While / Whereas going on holiday to a beach resort offers many opportunities forrelaxation and sport, a city break offers many cultural activities.In Rugby most injuries are related to the neck; on the other hand, football injuries are most often related to the feet and legs.On the one hand, the lemon is high in fiber. O n the other hand, it is too bitter to eat.。
ComparisonandContrastWriting
Auguste Rodin, The Kiss (Sculpture)
Robert Indiana, LOVE (Sculpture)
What general statement could you make about these two sculptures? Do the points you listed on your venn diagram provide enough support for this general statement?
Using Transitions
transitions especially useful for comparison and contrasts Longer essays may have transitional paragraphs that connect one part of the essay to another.
Auguste Rodin, The Kiss (Sculp (Sculpture)
Write a short comparison-contrast essay in your journal on the following: How does each sculpture convey the idea of love? Which one do you believe conveys this idea more effectively? Why?
Searching points for discussion
Determine your emphasis on similarities, differences, or both. Determine the major focus of your paper. Make sure you treat the same or similar elements for each subject you will discuss:
英语写作方法比较对比
英语写作方法（比较与对比）（1）2010-11-09 21:14Comparison and Contrast比较和对照的写作方法一．目标、重点和难点目标：掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；重点：熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）；难点：训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。
二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:1. 块状比较方式（block method），先A后B，即A1, A2, A3...；B1，B2，B3...。
2. 逐点比较方式（point-by-point method），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。
范文一：Country Life and City LifeIt is really hard to say which is better than the other, city life or rural life. Both have their merits and shortcomings.Living in the city has a great many advantages. First, you can enjoy various kinds of foods, both foreign and domestic. Second, there are more cultural activities in thecity –you can go to the concert, the theatre, the movies or the disco club after a day’shard work. But city life has many problems, too. The overcrowded population, trafficjam, industrial pollution, and the lack of understanding between people may result indisease and unhappiness. Living in the country, however, you can watch themagnificent sunrise and sunset and listen to the bird singing in the tree. If you want,you can certainly have a huge garden when a small green space seems a luxury in thecity. In the country, you don’t have so mucn worries. You can enjoy the pleasure ofwork by planting seeds in the earth and watching them grow into flowers and finallyinto fruits or food. But rural life may not be that perfect. Things are going so slowly that sometimes you may feel that you are absolute left behind in some remote corners ofthe world. You may again miss the parties, friends and movies in the city.Like anything else, country life and city life have their advantages and disadvantages. The best solution may be that you enjoy pleasures of both lives and get rid of their inconveniences.范文二：Middle School Life and College LifeThere are many differences between middle school and the college. First，in middle school，we have to listen to what the teacher says in class, to understand thecontent of the text. But in college，we must study by ourselves before class. If not，we couldn't follow the teacher. Second，there are lots of rules in middle school. Forexample，we should wear the uniform，the girls must have their hair cut short，and we are not allowed to make boy- or girlfriends. However，in college，we have morefreedom. We can wear the clothes we like. And the girls could have long beautiful hair.We are also free to make boy or girlfriends. The third，in the middle school，we must study first. That means we could do nothing but study. In contrast，we have to doeverything by ourselves in college. That means we must plan our time carefully. There are also other differences between our school life and our college life. We have to learn to adapt ourselves to college life.三．写作步骤1. 写前阶段：写作提纲1) 对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。
comparison and contrast对比与对照——商务英语课程
I. John has contempt for money; Mark has respect for money.
II. John buys without hesitation; Mark hesitates and compares prices.
III.John buys what he wants; Mark buys what he can afford.
For the same example, John and Mark, Point-by-point (Horizontal) organization requires that you first write point A about John and Mark, followed with point B about John and Mark and lastly point C about John and Mark.
Block (Vertical) organization requires that you first write about John on points a, b, and c, and then contrast Mark with John on these same points
Decide on the Organization of Comparison/Contin a book is often very different from seeing it as a film. When you read a story, you need to use your imagination. A book usually gives a lot of description about the people, places, and things in the story, so you can create pictures in your mind. In addition, the conversations between people are always written with details that describe how the people look or feel while they are talking. When you read, you use a lot of imagination to help ‘see’ the characters in the story. However, when you see a film, it is a different experience. When you watch a film, you don’t need to use your imagination. The pictures on the screen give all the details about the people, places, and things in the story. The conversations are spoken out loud, so you just listen and watch. The feelings of the people come through their faces, body movements, and voices. Although a book and a film might tell the same story, reading a book and watching a film are very different experiences.
comparison and contrast比较与对比写作讲解
How to write the details?
There are some distinct similarities between fast food and home cooked meals. The first similarity is that they both provide a variety of choices. There are a number of selections available in restaurants; salads, burgers, sandwiches and more. Similarly, if the ingredients are available, anything can be cooked in your own kitchen. Another similarity is that each can be relatively inexpensive. Fast food can be very cheap since many meals are under five dollars. In the same way, home cooked meals also can be reasonable especially if ingredients are carefully considered for the cost. Thirdly, both fast food and home cooked meals can be delicious. We know that many people enjoy the taste of fast food because it is popular around the world. Likewise, home cooked meals can certainly be yummy if they are prepared just as you like them.
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similarities or differences or both.
Patterns of Organization
A
comparison / contrast essay usually follows one of the two patterns: the subject-by-subject pattern and /or the point-by-point pattern. block vs. alternating comparison
Evaluation of Student Samples
P.
202
Chinese-English Differences in Writing Style
Why is it that the English writings of Chinese students read so much like translations of Chinese? Why is it that one can fairly easily tell whether an article was written by a Chinese or by a native speaker of English? Is it because most Chinese students have not yet mastered the language? Is it because Chinese and Westerners think differently? Is it because of differences in Chinese and English writing styles?
Patterns of Organization
Ⅰ. Doctor’s Function Subject 1 A. Teaching patients Aspect 1 B. Assessing patients A2 C. Dispensing medication A3
Ⅱ. Nurses' Function Subject 2 A. Teaching patients A1 B. Assessing patients A2 C. Dispensing medication A3
Writing a Thesis Statement
State
the topic of your comparison / contrast; the points of comparison / contrast
Mention
you will discuss;
Explain
whether you will focus on
Writing a Comparison/ Contrast Essay
Introduction: Choosing a Topic
To
limit your essay to subjects that have obvious similarities and differences;
Limit
Model: Chinese and Western Styles of Education
People often ask me whether I find students in China very different from those I have taught for the past 25 years in Australia and what the differences are. While there are exceptions to any generalization, 1 would say that on the whole, Western students aspire to excellence in individuality, whereas Chinese students aspire to excellence in conformity. While education in the West encourages learners from an early age to exercise critical and analytical skills, to show creativity and originality and to develop a spirit of enquiry, Chinese teaching appears to emphasize accuracy of factual recall, correctness of expression and respectful compliance with interpretations given by texts and teachers.
Patterns of Organization
Ⅰ. Note-taking Aspect 1 A. Then S1 B. Now S2 Ⅱ. Studying Aspect 2 A. Then S1 B. Now S2 Ⅲ. Test-taking skills Aspect 3 A. Then S1 B. Now S2
your comparison and contrast to important points.
Please keep in mind the following points:
Only subjects of the same general class can be compared/contrasted. The comparison/contrast should be supported by concrete and relevant facts. Don’t pay equal attention to comparison and contrast.
What are the purposes of comparison and contrast?
To
observe two or more things in a better way. To show the superiority of one thing over another. To explain something which is unfamiliar to the reader.
Assignments
Assignment
1 & 2, p. 205
English Writing
Instructor: WANG, YANG (SY15-16)
Chapter Fourteen Comparison and Contrast
Warming-up Activity
Read the sample essay: Two ways of responding to racism, then answer the questions. What two items does the writer compare and contrast? Is this a comparison or contrast essay? What is the purpose of the comparison/ contrast?
Байду номын сангаас
Typical Features of Cause-and Effect
Comparing
parallel features Analogy, metaphor, and simile Using transition to link points of comparison/ contrast
Advantages and disadvantages
If
you follow this pattern, all aspects of each subject or item being compared will be discussed together as a whole so readers can get an overall picture of it, but the danger is that the writer can end up with with two or more separate essays instead of one unified comparison and contrast essay. Therefore, to ensure unity, we should follow the following guidelines.
Western students, therefore, are more at ease with debate and discussion, original experimentation and research than their Chinese counterparts, while Chinese students often show more excellence in pattern drill than their Western peers . Learners who are able to combine the strengths of both approaches are the ones who truly excel in either system. Social, historical and political factors combined have influenced the Chinese approach to foreign language learning, while a different combination of parallel factors has shaped Western scholarship. Now that a spirit of openness and co-operation prevails, we can hopefully all share our expertise as "citizens of the world," and benefit from each other's academic strengths.