国际法专业词汇
常用国际法词汇
常用国际法词汇Jus gentium 万民法Law of nations万国法Public International law国际公法Oppenheim奥本海Hugo Grotius胡果·格劳秀斯Universal// general// special international law普遍/一般/特殊国际法Features of international law 国际法的特征Natures of international law 国际法的性质International comity 国际礼让codification of international law国际法的编纂International Law Commission（the ILC）（联合国）国际法委员会Effects of IL 国际法的效力The basis of international law 国际法的效力根据Naturalists 自然法学派Positivists 实在法学派Gratians 格老秀斯派（Compromise school“折中”学派）social solidarity school社会连带法学派normalism规范法学派theory of power politics权力政治说theory of policy-oriented政策定向说Congress of Westphalia 威斯特伐利亚公会Martin丁韪良sources of international law国际法的渊源International custom国际习惯material element“物质因素”psychological element“心理因素”general practice通例Usage惯例opinio juris“法律确信”resolutions of international organizations国际组织的决议General principles of law一般法律原则judicial decisions 司法判例The teachings//writings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic// municipal law国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论adoption//incorporation采纳//纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则）国际法的基本原则Fundamental principles of international lawjus cogens强行法，亦称强制规律peremptory normSovereignty主权Principle of sovereign equality主权平等原则principle of non-intervention不干内政原则internal affairs内政matters within domestic jurisdiction国内管辖之事件"Humanitarian" intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination民族自决原则The subjects of international law国际法主体International personality国际人格者Permanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states//union of states复合国//国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected//protecting state FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residence领域管辖/属地管辖Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium拉丁语，“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则RECOGNITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原则doctrine of non- recognition不承认主义，如，史汀生主义（the Stimson doctrine ）Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义——墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体Belligerent body 交战团体Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive//non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产State debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务malicious debt“恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任responsibility in international law Internationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes国际罪行subjective responsibility主观责任说objective responsibility客观责任说Imputability//attributability可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignty限制主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terra nullius无主地Effective occupation有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cession割让Conquest征服Plebiscite//referendum全民投票，又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples民族自决condominium 共管lease租借Sphere of influence势力范围International servitude国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The law of the sea 海洋法The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 《联合国海洋法公约》Territorial sea领海Normal baseline正常基线，亦称“低潮线”the low water line Straight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（EEZ ）Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage过境通行International straits国际海峡Transit passage过境通行Archipelagic waters群岛水域Archipelagic baselines群岛基线freedom of the high seas公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy海盗，海盗行为Right of visit登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabed Authority 国际海底管理局International air law国际航空法Air space空气空间Sovereignty of territorial airspace 领空主权State aircraft国家航空器Civil aircraft民用航空器Scheduled flight定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空Spacecraft航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system登记制度The principle of strict liability严格责任原则The principle of liability fault过失责任原则Residents of international law国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Original nationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis血统主义Jus soli出生地主义Acquired nationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍，旧称归化Double nationality双重国籍Conflict of nationality国籍的抵触//冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomatic protection外交保护Exhaustion of local remendies用尽当地救济Passport护照Visa签证National treatment国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferential treatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extradition of political offender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Political refuge政治避难Territorial asylum域内庇护，亦称“领土庇护”Extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity难民身份Principle of non-refoulement不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul领事Consular relations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆The head of the mission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister 公使chargé d'affaires （法）代办Persona non grata （拉）“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation代表说Theory of functional necessity职务需要说Diplomatic Corps外交团Special Missions特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities领事特权与豁免THE LAW OF TREATIES国际条约法Bilateral treaties双边条约Multilateral treaties多边条约Law-making treaty造法性条约Contractual treaty契约性条约convention公//专约treaty条约agreement 协定charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约(general//final) act (总//最后)文件(additional//final )protocol(附加//最后)议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding谅解备忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration//statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into force of treaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判initiating草签authentication 认证(full) signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification, acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同full representative全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守（拉丁）application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行invalidity of treaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisional application 暂时适用material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes justiciable//non-justiciable dispute可裁判的//不可裁判的争端amicable//compulsive settlement和谐//强迫解决方法Political methods //legal methods of settlements政治//法律解决方法retortion 反报reprisals 报复pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry//investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International Court of Justice国际法院Independent judges独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官”或“特别法官” （special judge）Contentious jurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings起诉written//oral proceedings书面//口头程序memorial 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations（国际联盟）United Nations（UN ）联合国The purposes and principles of the United Nations联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member创始/纳入成员Decision-making //voting system 决策//表决制度United Nations Charter联合国宪章the General Assembly联合国大会the Security Council安全理事会Veto否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则Economic and Social Council经社理事会Trusteeship Council托管理事会Secretariat秘书处Secretary-General联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies(联合国专门机构）The Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制）The UN Peace-keeping Operations（联合国维和行动）复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）常见名词：⏹属地管辖权国际法不加禁止行为属人管辖权⏹无害通过引渡庇护过境通行⏹全权证书造法性条约草签⏹添附继有国籍人类共同继承财产⏹否决权斡旋安理会国际法院⏹登临权紧追权平行开发制⏹协定管辖任意强制管辖复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）⏹思考题：⏹论国际法与国内法之间的关系。
国际法专用术语
国际法专用词汇protectorate （被）保护国asylum 庇护；避难forntier region, border region 边界地区boundary negotiation 边界谈判status quo of the boundary 边界现状never to attach any conditions 不附带任何条件non-aligned countries 不结盟国家patrimonial sea 承袭海consultations 磋商the third world 第三世界imperialism 帝国主义200-nauticalmile maritime rights 二百海里海洋权developing countries 发展中国家dependency 附庸国plebiscite 公民投票generally-accepted principles of international relations 公认的国际关系原则joint action 共同行动normalization of relations 关系正常化an established principle of international law 国际法准则rudimentary code of international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则international waters 国际水域international situation 国际形势merger of states 国家合并national boundary 国界maritime resources 海洋资源mutual understanding and mutual accommodation 互谅互让exchange of needed goods 互通有无détente, 缓和fundamental rights 基本权利reduction or cancellation of debts 减轻债务负担Near East 近东right of residence 居留权arms dealer, merchant of death 军火商territorial sea 领海limits of territorial sea 领海范围breadth of territorial sea 领海宽度territorial air 领空territorial waters 领水inalienability of territory 领土的不可割让性territorial jurisdiction 领土管辖权territorial contiguity 领土毗连territorial integrity 领土完整refugee camp 难民营country of one's residence 侨居国complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons 全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器people-to-people contacts and exchanges 人民之间的联系和交流sacred and inviolable 神圣不可侵犯ecocide 生态灭绝practical, efficient, economical and convenient for use 实用,有效,廉价,方便bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation 双边和多边经济合作bilateral trade 双边贸易dual nationality 双重国籍trusteeship 托管制度outer space 外层空间sole legal government 唯一合法政府loans with no or low interest 无息和低息贷款colonialism and neo-colonialism 新老殖民主义delayed repayment of capital and interest 延期还本付息extradition 引渡Zionism 犹太复国主义friendly exchanges 友好往来disputed areas 有争议的地区fishery resources 渔业资源political offender 政治犯political fugitive 政治逃犯Middle East, Mideast 中东neutral state, neutral country 中立国neutralized state 永久中立国apartheid, racial segregation 种族隔离genocide 种族灭绝sovereign state 主权国家exclusive economic zone 专属经济区suzerain state, metropolitan state 宗主国suzerainty 宗主权to maintain neutrality 保持中立to safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted steps 采取协调行动to undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone 对无核区承担义务to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual benefit, and prolonged stability 发展和平友好、平等互利、长期稳定的关系to develop the national economy 发展民族经济to peddle munitions 贩卖军火All countries, big or small, should be equal. 国家不分大小，应该一律平等to establish normal state relations 建立正常的国家关系to seek a fair and reasonable solution 求得公平合理的解决to make up for each other's deficiencies 取长补短to negotiate through diplomatic channels 通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peace 维护世界和平to solve disputes by peaceful means 用和平手段解决争端in consideration of the actual conditions 照顾现实情况the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 和平共处五项原则mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity互相尊重主权和领土完整mutual non-aggression 互不侵犯non-interference in each other's internal affairs 互不干涉内政equality and mutual benefit 平等互利peaceful coexistence 和平共处。
国际法术语名词解释
国际法术语名词解释一、国际公法名词解释1.Archipelagic sea lane passage群岛海道通过p.3322.straight baseline直线基线p.3073.exclusive economic zone专属经济区p.3194.Martens clause5.jus cogens强行法p.416.condominium共同管辖权7.neutralized states中立国p.77/p.7008.the sector principle扇形原则9.attaches附属国/添附10.natural prolongation principles自然延长原则11.pacta sunt servanda约定必须遵守批p.20912.principle of effectiveness有效原则13.par in parem non habet jurisdictionem平等者之间无管辖权14.accretion添附p.28615.jus sanguinis血统主义p.11716.rebus sic stantibus17.retortion报复18.extra territorial asylum领事庇护、域外庇护19.a delict jure genetium20.treaty-contracts21.international comity国际法院22.Drago Doctrine23.trust territories24.cession割让p.28725.jussoli26.signature ad referendum暂签p.19827.continental shelf大陆架p.32128.Westphalia Congress维斯特法利亚国会/立法会29.Diplomatic Corps外交团p.24330.the legation premises使馆（外交人员的经营场所）31.nuncios32.the peaceful co-existence principle和平共处原则p.5033.non-belligerents不交战者、中立者34.Full Power全权证书35.change's daffaires36.exequatur37.letter of Credence国书p.24018.NiZhengyu;LiHaopei;ShiJiuyong;He Qizhi;Zhaolihai39.Caonnally Reservation/doc/1014094164.html,w-making contract造法性条约41.Super-national Law超国法42.the right of collective self-defence集体自卫权43.jus non scriptum44.the nation's penal obligation国家刑事责任p10645.International Usage/ International Custom国际习惯/国际惯例46.Instant International Customary Law47.persona non grata不受欢迎的人p.239/doc/1014094164.html,teran Treaty拉忒兰条约49.consular privileges and immunities领事人员特权与豁免p.263/外交特权与豁免p.24550.effective control有效控制51. aut dedere aut punire 引渡或仲裁52. transit passage 过渡条款53. Sector Principle 扇形原则54. Asylum 庇护55. erga omnes obligations 各国对国际社会承担的责任56. Lauterpacht;Grotius;Austin 劳特派特、格老秀斯、奥斯汀58. opinio juris法律确信59. Optional Compulsory Jurisdiction60. Jus ad Bellum61. Extradition 引渡62. Environment Impact Assessment 环境影响评估63. Double vote 双重否决64. High Seas公海65. Right of visit登临权66. Right of Hot Pursuit67. Transit Passage 通过权68. Parrallel Exploitation System平行开发制69. Prescription 时效70. Special Mission 特别使团解释并比较:1. de jure recognition / de facto recognition 法律承认/事实上的承认2. Good office / mediation / Conciliation斡旋/调停/协商、和解p.6363. Initialling / siganature ad referendum p.1984. Revision / Amendent / Modification修订/修正案/更改p.2135. territorial Asylum / extra-territorial Asylum域内庇护/域外庇护p.1406. Universal Jurisdiction / protective Jurisdiction普遍管辖权/保护性管辖权7. Right of self-preservation自保权p.798. rendition投降9. retorsion / reprisal报复/报复性掳掠10. right of innocent passage / right of transit passage无害通过权/通过权p.31611. exequatur / letter of Credence12. authentication / signature认证/签署p.19813. international delinquency14. indemnity / reparation二、国际私法名词解释1.Fraus Omnia Comunpit2.lex loci re sitae3．.state immunity国家豁免权4.characteristic performance5.remission revoi一级反致6.Bustamante Code布斯塔曼特法典7.lex loci solutionis合同履行地法8.lex volutatis当事人合意选择的法律9.Bartoles巴托鲁斯10.Renvoi au second degre11.Migratory marriage12.Bona vacantia13.Interregional conflicts law区际法律冲突14.act jure gestionis15.putative marriage事实婚姻16.locus regit actum （in arbitration law）场所支配行为17.the proper law of the arbitration agreement仲裁协议所适用的准据法18.ana-national or denationalized approach开除国籍的手段19.jurisdiction concerning the jurisdiction （in arbitration law）20.the collected jurisdiction21.favor validitatis / ut res magis valeat quam pereat （in arbitration law）22.severability of arbitration clause可分离的仲裁条款23.the jurisdiction doctrine under internet circumstance在英特网环境下的管辖权原则24.pro-arbitration专家仲裁25.theory of Party-autonomic意思自治说26. law District 法律管辖权27. Amiable Arbitration28. Ad Hoc Arbitration29. rule of double actionability 双重可诉原则30. Mandatory rules 强制性规定31. domicile of choice 住所地的选择32. preliminary question 先决问题33．lex causae34. lex loci delicti35. formula of attribution 归属的惯例36.Reese;Fuld;Cavers;Cook;Rabel;Dicey;Mancini:Beale;Savigny;Story;Huber;Bartolus里斯、富德、卡弗斯、库克、拉沛尔、戴赛、孟西尼、？、萨维尼、施托里、胡伯、巴托鲁斯37. Severability of Arbitration Agreement 可分离的仲裁条款38. the collected jurisdiction of China middle court39. local law theory本国法学说40. Comitas Gentium41. bilateral conflict rules 双边冲突规范42. depecage43. lex arbitri 仲裁法44. Proper law doctrine 准据法原则45. Inderect Renovi 间接反致三、国际经济法1.passing of Risk2.FCA货交承运人p.1623.review mechanism in WTO4.Cumulative assessment/doc/1014094164.html,ernment Procurement6.Safeguard Measures 保障措施p.547.deductive value （in customs valuation）扣减价格8.the new development of WTO WTO 的新发展9.the protection measure of Intellectual Property under internet circumstance 在因特网情形下的知识产权的保护措施10.Hard loan（in international financial law）硬贷款p.43311.Principle of Transparency 透明度原则p.4912.Safeguard Measures 保障措施p.5413.EDI 电子数据交换p.11214.Expropriation15.Method of Tax Deduction 扣除法p.60016.Subsidy and Countervailing Measures17.bill of exchange 汇票p.23618.holding company 控股公司19.general average contribution 共同海损分摊费用p.17620.Risk of Renege21.occupational work22.Tax haven 避税港p.61523.confirmed credit 保兑信用证p.17624.passing of risks25.non-recourse loan26.parallel importation 平行进口p.56027.Despatch money28.back to back L/C;revolving L/C;reciprocal L/C 对背信用证/循环信用证/对开信用证p.26029.Anti-circumvention clause30.Restrictive Business practice31.grace period (as in intellectual property)32.Tax sparing四、补充:请指出是哪个国际组织的缩写国际公法1.WMO(World Meteorological Organization),世界气象组织2.WHO( World Health Organization). 世界卫生组织3.ILO(InternationalLabor Organization),国际劳工组织4.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织5.ICAO(International Civil Aeronautics Organization.)国际民航组织6.IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency),国际原子能组织7.ITU(International Telecommunications Union),国际电信同盟8.UPU (Universal Postal Union),万国邮政联盟9.FAO联合国粮食农业组织10.IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织11.IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development). 国际复兴与开发银行12.IFC(International Finance Corporation),国际金融组织13.IDA(International Development association), 国际开发协会14.WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization)，世界知识产权组织15.IFAD(International Fund for Agricultural Development), 国际农业发展基金。
国际经济法专业术语中英文互译
国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1. EXW工厂交货（指定地点）2. FCA:货交承运人（指定地点）3. FAS:船边交货（指定装运港）4. FOB:船上交货（指定装运港）5. CFR:：成本加运费（指定目的港6. CIF:：成本、保险加运费（指定目的港）7. CPT;：运费付至（指定目的地）8. DAF:边境交货（指定地点）9. DES:：目的港船上交货（指定目的港）10. DEQ;目的港码头交货（指定目的港11. DDU:未完税交货（指定目的地）12. DDP:完税交货（指定目的地）13. Offer:：要约14. Offer or;：要约人；报价人；发盘人15. Offeree:受要约人；接盘人，受盘人；被发价人16. Invitation for offer:要约邀请；发盘邀请17. Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18. Cross offer:交叉发盘；交叉报价；交错报价；交叉发价19. Withdrawal:要约的撤回20. Revocability:：发价的撤销21. Counter-offer;还价；还盘；反要约22. Acceptance:接受；接纳；承兑；赞同23. Mail box rule:投递生效原则24. Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则25. Late acceptance:：迟到的承诺; 逾期承诺26. Identified to the contract:将货物特定化；将货物划定在该项合同项下（将货物划作履行某一合同的标的）27. Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据；船运单据28. Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29. Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30. Fundamental breach of contract根本违约；重大违约31. Anticipatory breach先期违约32. Specific performance实际履行33. Breach of condition违反条件条款34. Breach of warranty违反担保条款35. Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36. Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37. To the order of the seller or his agent：以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单；凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38. Sale on approval:：试销；试用买卖39. Floating cargo:：在途货物；水运途中的货物40. Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41. Sales by specification, grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42. Fair average quality符合通常目的；中等品；良好平均品质（国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准）43. Sales by brand of trade mark44. More or less clause溢短装条款；或多或少条款45. Bulk cargo：散装货46. Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货，裸包装47. Gross for net：以毛重作净重,以毛作净48. US $500 Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49. Fixed price定价；标价；固定价格50. Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51. Time of shipment装运时间，装船时间52. Time of delivery交货时间，交付时间53. Advice of shipment：装运通知，装船通知54. Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55. Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56. Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57. After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58. Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书；品质检验证书59. Inspection certificate of weight：重量检验证书60. Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61. Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书；动物检疫证书62. Plant quarantine certification植物( 病虫害)检疫证明63. Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64. Arbitration仲裁,公断65. Bill of lading提单66. Charter-party：租船合同67. Gencon航次租船合同68. Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69. Prima facie evidence：初步证据70. Conclusive evidence绝对证据；最后证据；决定性证据71. Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72. Received for shipment B/L备运提单；收货待运提单73. Clean B/L清洁提单74. Claused B/L, or Foul B/L不清洁提单75. Letter of Indemnity保函；保证书76. Open B/L, Bearer B/L不记名提单；77. Oder b/L指示提单78. Direct B/L：直达提单79. Ocean through B/L：海上联运提单80. Liner B/L：班轮提单81. Charter B/L：租船提单82. Negotiable quality：流通性；可转让性83. Assignor：转让人；出让人84. Assignee：受让人；代理人；受托人85. Endorsement in blank ：空白背书；不记名背书86. Special endorsement：记名背书87. Due diligence：特别背书应有的谨慎；应有的注意88. Seaworthiness 船舶适航89. Cargoworthiness 适货90. Latent defect 潜在缺陷91. From tackle to tackle 钩到钩92. Deviation 绕行93. Voyage Charter 航次租船94. Time charter 定期租船合同95. Charter by demise 光船租船96. Laytime 装卸时间97. Demurrage 滞期费98. Dispatch money 速遣费99. Lien 留置权100. Trading limits 航区限制101. Chartered period 特许期限102. Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿（条款）103. Payment of hire 租金104. Off hire 停租105. Air consignment 航空托运106. Air waybill 航空货运单107. Successive carriers 连续承运人108. Actrual carrier 实际承运人109. International multimodal transport 国际多式联运110. Container 集装箱111. Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则112. Network liability principle网状责任制113. Insurable interest 保险利益114. Disclosure of material facts 重要事实披露115. Material representation116. insurance policy 保险单117. Accidents 意外事故118. Total loss 全损119. Partial loss 部分损失120. General average 共同海损121. Particular average 单独海损122. Actual total loss 实际全损123. Constructive total loss 推定全损124. Sue and labor expenses 施救费用125. Salvage charge 救助费用126. Free from particular average (FPA) 平安险127. With particular average (WPA) 水渍险128. All risks 一切险129. Subrogation 代位130. Abandonment 委付131. Export credits guarantee 出口信贷担保132. Negotiable instruments可转让票据133. Predecessor 前手134. Promissory note 本票135. Draft 汇票136. Drawer 出票人137. Drawee 付款人138. Payee 收款人139. Issue 出票140. Sight bill 即期汇票141. After sight 见票后付款142. Without recourse 无追索权143. Presentment 出示144. Acceptance of draft 承兑汇票145. Dishonour 拒付146. Protest拒绝证书147. Notary public 公证人148. Collection 托收149. Principal 委托方150. Remitting bank 托收行151. Collecting bank 代收行152. Remittance letter 汇款书153. Document against payment (D/P) 付款交单154. Document against payment sight 即期付款交单155. Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156. Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单。
国际法术语
Part one1、Treaty 条约2、Character 宪章3、Protocol 议定书4、Law-making treaties 造法性条约5、monist theory/dualist theory （国际法和国内法关系的）一元论/二元论6、Stimson doctrine 史汀生不承认主义Part two国际法的渊源1、Codification of International Law 国际法的法典化2、International Customary Law 国际习惯法3、Opinio Juris（或全称opinio juris sive necessitatis ）心理确信4、Teachings of the most qualified publicists 最具权威的专家学说Part three条约法1、Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 维也纳条约法公约2、Ratification 批准3、Acceptance 接受4、Approval 赞同5、Accession 加入6、Full Power 全权证书7、Reservation 保留8、Negotiating State 谈判国9、Contracting State 缔约国10、Jus Cogens 强行法Part four联合国1、United Nations 联合国2、The General Assembly 联合国大会3、The Security Council 安全理事会4、The international court of justice 国际法院5、Specialized Agencies 专门机构6、Refugee 难民Part five国家责任与国际争端的和平解决1、force majeure 不可抗力2、Kellogg-Briand Pact 凯洛格-百里安公约（又称《巴黎非战公约》）Part six领土与空间1、res communius 国际公域3、Res nullius 无主地4、Right of Innocent Passage 无害通过权5、uti possidetis 占领者取得领土原则Part seven海洋法1、territorial sea 领海2、Continental shelf 大陆架3、Exclusive Economic Zone 专属经济区4、Baseline 基线5、Right of Transit Passage 过境通过权6、Right of visit 登临权7、Right of hot pursuit 紧追权8、International strait 国际海峡9、High seas 公海Part eight国际航空法1、Aviation Law 国际航空法Part nine外层空间法1、Outer-space law外层空间法Part ten外交关系法1、diplomatic representatives 外交人员2、Privileges and immunities of the Embassy 使馆的特权与豁免Part eleven领事关系法1、consular relation 领事关系XII armed conflict law/humanitarian law/ law of war 武装冲突法/人道主义法/战争法Martens Claus 马顿斯条款XII international criminal law国际刑法Genocide 种族灭绝War crime 战争罪Crimes against humanity 反人类罪（或反人道罪）Crime of Aggression 侵略罪XV International human right law 国际人权法R2P Responsibility to protect 保护责任（主权国家保护其国民免遭大范围人权危害的义务）。
常见国际法名词
国际公法1.jus gentium 万民法w of nations 万民法3.paca sunt servanda 约定必须遵守4.opinio juris 法律确信5.codification 国际法的编纂6.par in parent non habet imperium 平等者之间无管辖权7.international liability 国际责任8.jus sanguinis 血统主义9.jus soli 出生地主义10.national treatment 国民待遇11.most favored nation treatment 最惠国待遇原则12.asylum 庇护13.extradition 引渡14.principle of speciality 罪行特定原则15.sector principle 扇形原则16.transit passage 过境通行17.person non grata 不受欢迎的人18.justifiable dispute 可裁判的争端19.negotiation and conciliation 谈判和协商20.good offices and mediation 斡旋和调停国际私法1，substantive rules 实体规范2，conflict rules 冲突规范3，theory of statutes 法则区别说4，jus gentium 万民法5，period of racial laws 种族法时代6，period of personal law 属人法时代7，autonorny of will 意思自治原则8，Comitas Gentium 国际礼让说9，Local Law Theory 本地法说10，Principle of Preference Theory 优先选择原则11，Government Interests Analysis 政府利益分析说12，Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship 最密切联系原则13，unilateral conflict of rules 单边冲突规范14，bilateral conflict of rules 双边冲突规范15，double rules for regulating the conflict of laws 重叠适用的冲突规范16，connecting factor 连接点17，classification or characterization 识别18，remission 反致 transmission 转致 indirect 间接反致 foreign court theory 外国法院地法说19，preliminary question 先决问题20，evasion of law 法律规避21，principal question 主要问题22，proof of foreign law 外国法的查明23，reservation of public order 公共秩序保留24，lex loci rei sitae ，lex rei sitae 物之所在地法25，party automony 当事人意思自治26，arbitration clause 仲裁条款27，fundamental breach of comtract 根本违约国际经济法1，law merchant 商人习惯法2，uniform rules on collection 托收统一规则3，letter of credit 信用证4，EDI 电子单证5，offer and acceptance 要约和承诺6，Force majeure不可抗力7，anticipatory repudiation 先期违约8，fudmental breach of contract 根本违约9，bill of lading 提单 clean B/L 清洁提单10，know how 专有技术11，geographical indication 地理标志 GATS 服务贸易总协定12，TRIMS 与贸易有关的投资措施协议13，TRIPS 与贸易有关的知识产权协议14，BOT 建设——经营——转让15，project company 项目公司16，The insurance of overseas investment 海外投资保险制度17，MIGA 多边投资担保机构18，Method of Tax Credit 抵免法19，International Tax Evasion 国际逃税20，International Tax Avoidance 国际避税21，doctrine of arbitration clause autonomy 跟单托收。
国际法名词
1. 外交保护：国家对于本国国民在外国的合法权益遭到所在国的侵害时通过外交途径所采取的保护措施。
2. 领海：沿海国陆地领土和内水意外邻接的，处于其主权之下的一带海域；对于群岛国而言是指群岛水域以外邻接的、处于群岛国主权之下的一带海域。
3. 国际河流：流经两个或两个以上国家并通过海岸，依据国际条约在平时允许各国商船自由航行的河流。
4. 庇护：国家对于因政治或科学研究原因被追诉或者受迫害而请求避难的外国人，准其入境、居留，给予保护的行为。
5. 引渡：国家根据条约或者基于其他理由把在其境内而被别国指控或者判定犯罪的人，应该国的请求，移交该国审判或者处罚的行为。
6. 国家承认：既存国家表示对新国家产生的事实给与确认、接受由此产生的法律后果和愿意与新国家建立外交关系的政治和法律行为。
7. 国家豁免权：非经一国同意，该国的行为不受所在国法院的管辖，其财产不受所在国法院的扣押和强制执行。
8. 永久中立国：国家通过国际条约，承担永久保持中立的义务，除其本身的自卫外，不参加任何对外战争或者武装冲突，也不参加任何可以使自己卷入战争或者武装冲突的国际协定或者活动，而其他当事国则承认它的中立并保障它的独立和领土不受侵犯。
9. 叛乱团体：一国内反抗政府或进行起义的团体。
10. 无害通过权：所有国家包括沿海国和内陆国，其船舶均享有依法无害通过领海的权利。
无害通过是指不损害沿海国的和平、良好秩序和安全。
11. 传统国际法中领取取得的方式：先占、时效、添附、割让、征服。
12. 国际法的渊源：国际条约、国际习惯、一般法律原则、司法判例、权威国际法学家的学说、“公允及善良”原则、国际组织和国际会议的决议、“准条约”“软法”。
13. 国家的基本权利：独立权、平等权、自卫权、管辖权。
14. 外交保护的条件：受害人持续具有保护国的实际国籍、本国国民的合法权益遭到所在国的非法侵害、用尽当地救济。
15. 领土主权的特殊限制：共管、租借地、国际地役。
【国际法名词&常识】
1.【国际法】jus gentium（international law OR law of nations）是在国际交往中形成的，主要用以调整国家间关系的，具有法律约束力的各种原则、规则和制度的总称。
2.【国际法的渊源】是国际法律工作者在确定对特定情况的所使用规则，所依据的实际资料。
3.【国际条约】是具有缔约能力的国际法主体间以国际法为准而缔结的确立其相互权利、义务的国际书面协议。
4.【国际习惯】（international custom）基于国家间的交往，是各国在其实践中通过重复类似的行为而形成的具有法律约束力的行为规则。
5.【国际法的主体】即国际法律关系的主体，一般是指独立参加国际关系并依国际法直接享受权利和承担义务的行为者。
6.【条约必须遵守原则】pacta sunt servanda该项国际法原则的必然要求是条约的当事国不得援引其国内法作为不履行条约的理由。
7.【国际法基本原则】是指国际社会公认，具有普遍意义，适用于国际法各个领域并构成国际法基础的法律原则。
8.【强行法】jus cogens针对已超越了国家主权范围，必须在全球进行强行约束的行为而制定，包括战争罪、反和平和反人类罪、种族灭绝or隔离罪、非法劫持航空器罪等。
9.【和平共处五项原则】是指互相尊重主权和领土完整、互不侵犯、互不干涉内政、平等互利、和平共处等五项原则组成的国际法基本原则体系，是现代国际法的基本原则。
10.【国籍】是自然人与一个国家稳定的法律联系；它表示该自然人对该国家的法律上的从属关系，表示由于这一关系而使该自然人享有权利并对国家负有责任，国家也因此保护他无论在本国境内还是境外的权利和利益。
11.【外交保护】是指一国对于另一国国际不法行为给属于本国国民的自然人或法人造成损害，通过外交行动或其他和平解决手段援引另一国的责任，以期使该国责任得到履行。
（主权国家根据其属人优越权，具有对本国在外国的侨民进行保护的权利）12.【引渡】（extradition）是指一国把在该国境内而被他国追捕、通缉或判刑的人，根据有关国家的请求移交给请求国审判或处罚。
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International law国际法
State Law国家法
the Statute of the International Court of Justice国际法院规约
International treaty国际条约
Customary International Law国际习惯
General principles of law一般法律原则
Judicial decisions司法判决
Monism一元论
Dualism二元论
Basic principles of international law国际法的基本原则Jus Congens强行法
the principle of sovereign equality of the states国家主权平等原则
the principle of non-interference不干涉原则
Mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 互相尊重主权和领土完整
Mutual non-aggression互不侵犯
Non-interference in each other's internal affairs互不干涉内政
Equality and mutual benefit平等互利
Peaceful coexistence和平共处
the subjects of international law国际法的主体International personality国际人格
Territory领土
Residents居民
Sovereignty主权
Supreme authority最高权威
Permanent neutralized state永久中立国
Basic right and liability基本权利和义务
Right of self-defense自卫权
Jurisdiction管辖
Immunities from jurisdiction管辖豁免
International organization国际组织
The nations struggling for their independence争取独立的民族
the principles of self-determination of nations民族自决原则
Individuals under international law国际法上的个人Recognition under international law国际法上的承认
The constitutive theory构成说
The declaratory theory宣告说
The Succession继承
Consent同意
Counter-measure and self-defense反措施和自卫
Force majeure and an accident不可抗力和偶然事故
Severe distress, state of necessity危难和紧急情况Compensation赔偿
Territorial sovereignty领土主权
Condominium共管
Leases租借
Spheres of influence势力范围
International servitudes国际地役
Territorial waters领水
Boundary river界河
International river国际河流
Occupation of terra nullius先占
Accretion添付
Prescription时效
Cession 割让
Conquest and annexation征服和吞并
Self-determination of peoples人民自决
The Antarctic南极
The Arctic北极
Nationality国籍
Blood rule血统原则
Right of the territory出生地原则
Dual nationality双重国籍
National treatment国民待遇
Most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇
Differential treatment差别待遇
Diplomatic protection外交保护
Effective and continuous nationality有效和持续国籍
Exhaustion of local remedies用尽当地救济
Extradition引渡
Asylum庇护
Double criminality principle双重归罪原则
Principle of non-extradition of political offenders政治犯不引渡原则
Normal baseline正常基线
Straight baseline直线基线
Internal waters内水
Territorial Sea领海
Right of innocent passage无害通过权
Right of hot pursuit紧追权
The Contiguous Zone毗连区
the continental shelf大陆架
Exclusive Economic Zone专属经济区
High Sea公海
Freedom of navigation航行自由
Freedom of fishing捕鱼自由
Freedom of flying飞越自由
Archipelagos群岛水域
The Area of the International Seabed国际海底区域
Space Law空间法
Airspace Law空气空间法
Hijacking劫持飞机
Either extradite or punish或引渡或起诉
Outer space law外层空间法
Diplomatic relations外交关系
Consular relations领事关系
Diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免
The immunity of diplomatic mission使馆豁免
The consular privileges and immunities领事特权与豁免the Law of Treaties条约法
Reservations保留
Invalidity无效
Termination, And Suspension of Treaties条约的终止和暂停施行
the United Nations联合国
The General Assembly大会
The Security Council安理会
Negotiation谈判
Consultation协商
Good offices斡旋
Mediation调停
Inquiry调查
Conciliation和解
Arbitration仲裁
Judicial Methods司法解决。