0909技巧7语态转换法

第七讲语态变换法语态转换的常见方法一、英语被动句译成汉语主动句(最常见的方法)（一）原文主语在译文中仍作主语(直接改译)1.T h e s t r e e t w a s c o n g e s t e d.街上很挤。

2.T h a t m a n c a n n o t b e r e l i e d u p o n.那人不可信。

3.T h e o i l o f t h e w o r l d w i l l h a v e b e e n u s e d u p,a n d m a n w i l l b e u s i n g t h e m o r e c o n v e n i e n tp o w e r o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e s p l i t t i n g o f t h e a t o m.全世界的石油将会用尽，人们将使用从原子分裂获得的这种更为方便的动力。

4.T h e d i s c o v e r y i s h i g h l y a p p r e c i a t e d i n t h e c i r c l e o f s c i e n c e.这一发现在科学界得到了很高的评价。

（二）原文主语在译文中作宾语1.If bad weather is expected , the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within therange of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing.如果预计天气恶劣，天气预报人员必须能够在该飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。

2. A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information will besupplied to anyone who uses the system.把全国的电脑连接起来意味着可以向任何使用该系统的人提供大量信息。

3.The rocket was invented by Chinese in the 12th century.中国人于12世纪发明了火箭。

4.220V was read from the voltmeter.电压表的读数是220V。

5.He was seen to push a bike out of the house.有人看见他推了一辆自行车从那幢房子里走出来。

P92(6) The newly-found electrical material is widely used home and abroad .国内外广泛采用这种新型电工材料。

（三）译成无主句(z e r o-s u b j e c t)1.C h i l d r e n s h o u l d b e t a u g h t t o s p e a k t h e t r u t h.应该教孩子们讲真话。

2.A n a g r e e m e n t w a s a r r i v e d a t a f t e r t w o d a y s’n e g o t i a t i o n.经过三天谈判之后达成了一项协议。

二、英语被动句译成汉语被动句1.H o w l o n g w i l l i t b e b e f o r e b l a c k a n d w h i t e t e l e v i s i o n s e t s a r e f o u n d o n l y i n m u s e u m s?还要过多久黑白电视才会被送进博物馆呢？2.I f y o u s u b j e c t t h i s p r e c i o u s i n s t r u m e n t t o a h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e,i t w i l l b e s e r i o u s l y d a m a g e d.如果你把这台精密仪器置于高温之下，仪器将会受到严重损坏。

3.T h e e a r t h i s h i t f r o m t i m e t o t i m e b y s t r e a m s o f e l e c t r i c a l l y c h a r g e d p a r t i c l e s p o u r e d o u t b yt h e s u n.地球不时为太阳发出的带电粒子流所袭击。

4. The optimists believe defeat is not their fault: circumstances, bad luck, or other people brought it about. Such people are not bothered by defeat.乐观主义者相信失败并不是他们的过错，环境、运气不佳或其他人都可能造成自己的失败。

这些人从不为失败所困扰。

三、译成汉语使动结构(C a u s a t i v e s t r u c t u r e---u s i n g w o r d s l i k e使，让，加以o r把)1.P r i n c i p l e s m e a n v e r y l i t t l e u n l e s s t h e y a r e a c t e d u p o n.如果不加以实践，原则也就没有什么意思了。

2.R a d i c a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l i s t s a r e a l r e a d y d e m a n d i n g t h a t l e g a l a n d e t h i c a l p r o t e c t i o n b ee x t e n d e d t o a l l n a t u r e.激进的环境保护主义者已经要求把法律方面和道德方面的保护扩大到整个自然界。

3.T h e t i m e w i l l c o m e w h e n h o m e s w i l l b e h e a t e d f r o m a s m a l l r e a c t o r i n t h e b a s e m e n t.有朝一日家庭将由安装在地下室里的小反应堆供热。

四、译成汉语的判断句（……的是……或……是……的句式)1.Connected with it is a control rod.与之相连的是一个操纵杆。

2.But real influence is not built up by striking attitudes or throwing insults.要想真正影响别人，摆出盛气凌人的态度或谩骂是无济于事的。

3.Early cars were very strange of which the tyres on the wheels were made of iron or solidrubber.早期的汽车很奇特，它的轮胎是用铁或实心橡胶制成的。

五、英语常用句型的汉语习惯译法1. It should be noted that increasing the length of the wire will increase its resistance.应当注意，增加导线长度会增加其电阻。

2. It is stated that thermocrete has virtually the same strength as normal concrete.据说，保温混凝土的强度与普通混凝土相当。

六、某些表示被动含义的句型的翻译1. This problem deserves discussing. 这个问题值得讨论。

2. The paper can stand criticizing. 这篇论文经得起推敲。

3. The noodles are still cooking. 面条还在煮着。

II、汉译英中的被动语态的翻译1)带有如“被、受、遭、给、挨”等被动标记词的汉语句子应该译成英语被动句例1. 我们挨了半天挤，什么热闹也没看到。

We were pushed and elbowed in the crowd and did not even have a glimpse of the fun.例2. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。

The problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time2) 含有被动意义的汉语句子应当译成英语的被动句例1. 故事讲得娓娓动听。

The story was told in a pleasant and interesting way.例2.基本建设速度加快，投资环境不断完善。

The capital construction has been accelerated and the environment for investment has been continuously improved.3) 无主句例1. 说话时，已摆了茶点上来。

Meanwhile refreshments had been served.例2. 到目前为止还未得出结论。

So far, no conclusion has been reached.例3. 必须把教育改革进行到底。

The educational reform must be carried through to the end.4) 泛指主语句例1. 人们推测他们总有一天会结婚的。

It is assumed that they will get married one day.例2. 大家认为,他对做这项工作很满足。

He was considered quite satisfied with the job.A s s i g n m e n t知识复习P929) 他们去年遭灾了。

They were hit by a natural calamity last year.10) 决不能把个人利益置于国家利益之上。

Personal interest must not be placed over national interest.11) 抓住了这个主要矛盾，一切问题就迎刃而解了。

Once this principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be readily solved.。