LECTURE_13_Happiness

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(完整word版)研究生英语高级教程第13单元

［1] For most of its history，psychology had concerned itself with all that ails the human mind: anxiety，depression，neurosis, obsessions, paranoia，delusions。

Over the decades，a few psychological researchers had ventured out of the dark realm of mental illness into the sunny land of the mentally hale and hearty。

Martin Seligman，a psychologist at University of Pennsylvania, wanted to look at what actively made people feel fulfilled, engaged and meaningfully happy。

Mental health，he reasoned, should be more than the absence of mental illness。

It should be something akin to a vibrant and muscular fitness of the human mind and spirit.What Makes Us Happy[2］So, what has science learned about what makes the human heart sing？More than one might imagine—along w ith some surprising things about what doesn’t ring our inner chimes. Take wealth, for instance，and all the delightful things that money can buy。

happiness index听力原文问题

happiness index听力原文问题<-NARRATOR:->Listen to part of a lecture in a philosophy class.旁白：听一段哲学课堂的讲座。

<-FEMALE PROFESSOR:->OK. Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle - Aristotle's ethical theory.What Aristotle's ethical theory is all about is this: he's trying to show you how to be happy - what true happiness is.教授：我们需要讨论的另外一个古希腊哲学家是亚里士多德--亚里士多德的伦理学说。

亚里士多德的伦理学说主要讲的是：他试着让你了解如何变得幸福快乐--什么是真正的幸福快乐。

Now, why is he interested in human happiness? It's not just because it's something that all people want or aim for. It's more than that.But to get there we need to first make a very important distinction.Let me introduce a couple of technical terms: extrinsic value and intrinsic value.然而，他为什么对人类的幸福感兴趣？并不只是因为幸福快乐是大家所追求的。

不仅仅是这样。

而且为了能幸福快乐，我们首先得做出一个重要的区分。

我先导入两个专业术语：外在价值和内在价值。

大学英语3 happiness

Warm-up Activities
Compound Dictation Listening Comprehension Quotations and Interpretations
Background Information
Richard Layard Gallup Poll Other Famous Opinion Polls or Companies
Warm-up Activities
Compound Dictation Listening Comprehension Quotations and Interpretations
Background Information
Richard Layard Gallup Poll Other Famous Opinion Polls or Companies
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
Warm-up Activities
Compound Dictation Listening Comprehension Quotations and Interpretations
Background Information
Richard Layard Gallup Poll Other Famous Opinion Polls or Companies
How to Achieve Happiness
Satisfaction With Life Scale
Research in Happiness How to Reclaim Happiness Tips to Achieve Happiness
Seriously, research has already shown that mental stress can restrict blood flow to the heart. But now a study has linked laughter to increased blood flow. Laughter appears to cause the tissue inside blood vessels to expand. As a result, laughing may be important to reduce the risk of heart disease. So says Doctor Michael Miller of the University of Maryland Medical Center. He led a study of twenty men and women, all healthy. To get them to laugh, they watched part of the movie Kingpin, a nineteen ninety-six comedy. To create the opposite emotions, they watched the opening battle in the nineteen ninety-eight war movie Saving Private Ryan. The researchers used ultrasound technology to measure changes in blood flow through an artery in the arm. Blood flow increased in nineteen of the twenty people after they watched Kingpin. The increase was an average of 22%. Doctor Miller says that is similar to the effects of aerobic exercise. Blood flow decreased in fourteen of the twenty people after they watched Saving Private Ryan. The decrease was an average of 35%.

哈佛公开课幸福第一课中英文对照字幕整理

Hi, good morning. It’s wonderful to be back here.各位，早上好。

很高兴能回到这里。

Wonderful to see you here.高兴见到你们。

I am teaching this class because I wish a class like this had been taught when I was sitting in your seat as an undergraduate here.我教授这门课是因为在我读本科阶段时非常希望能学习这样一门课程。

This does not mean it is a class you wish to be taught nor does it mean that it is the right class for you.可能这门课并不是你希望的那样也可能并不适合你。

But I hope to doing the next couple of lectures is giving you an idea what this class is about so that you can decide whether or not it is for you.但希望几堂课后，你能有个大概印象让你决定这门课程是否适合你。

I came here in 1992 and studied the computer science and concentrator.我1992年来到哈佛求学，一开始主修计算机科学。

And when I had I mini epiphany half way through my sophomore year.大二期间，突然顿悟了。

I realized that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers.我意识到我身处让人神往大学校园周围都是出色的同学，优秀的导师。

幸福课

And here is the point we underestimate our capacity to affect change, because we underestimate the growth of exponential function.We are influencing people and the world every minute of our lives. Idealists just have the good intentions without the effect3 Internal factors versus external factorsPeople always go back to their base level of wellbeing.Extreme circumstances make very little difference to our wellbeing. Once basic needs are commended, income makes very little difference This is good news and bad newsThe bad news is it seems like whatever we do it doesn’t matter, so why am I working hard in order to get that BCG jobShould we accept the human nature or can we perfect it ?Human nature is fixed, we could not change them what we could do is to have a better understanding of them through research and introspection, and then make the best use of it. How can we channel my natureWe all need a space of unconditional acceptance of ourselvesWhen we try to press them they strengthNature to be commanded must be obeyed. 号令自然必先遵守自然We pay high price for it 为之付出巨大代价We do not give ourselves the permission to be humanActive acceptance5happiness is the highest endAnd we have Constitution save God in our pursuit of happinessThis is a vicious cycle when we go into this narrow and constrict mode. 当我们越走越窄我们就进入了一种恶性循环 a virtual cycle 良性循环Downward spiral to upward spiralVery often manic depressives are highly creative, but that usually during their manic phases. In the depressed phase, our thinking are narrow; we do not think outside the box usually – of course there`s many exceptions, but as a whole. 当然有例外，但总体来看没有There is also a lot of research to back it up 支持The people who management their emotions better and lead to positive emotions. They are able to shift themselves to the positive respectThe grounded optimists 脚踏实地的乐观者not Pollyannaish detached optimism 盲目的乐天派While in my culture, selfishness and immorality have essentially become synonymous 自私和不道德成了同义词It is not means my happiness comes from the decline of others, because happiness in contagious.If you are happy and work on your own happiness, you are contributing indirectly to other people`s happinessBe more generous and benevolent toward others宽容和亲切And it works the other way as well 反之亦然If we do not celebrate or appreciate the positive part of our nature, that part of nature would be depreciate宣扬贬值I want to end this premise idea by talking a little bit about a person for whom, one of the chief purposes in life was to spread happiness --我想以谁的例子来结束这个前提Be the change you want to see in the world 成为你期待的改变The optimal way spreading happiness is to work on your own happiness 最佳方法Ignite my imagination 激发了我的想象Running a mile in 4 minutesDoctors, scientists, and top athletes proved that it was the limit of human ability in various field or measures.Roger Bannister said, “It is possible to run in 4 minutes.On the 6th of may, 1954, he ran the mile in 3 minutes and 59 seconds. Sensation. 轰动一时And the following year 37 runners ran the dream mile in under 4 minuteTheir utmost 极限And yet, their subconscious mind limited them，prevent them from breaking that mental barrier然而他们的潜意识限制了Detach from reality 脱离现实They were more likely to advance in their organization’The power of the situation, obedience to authority情景的力量对权力的服从。

快乐作文辅导

快乐作文辅导英文回答：The Path to Happiness: A Journey to Fulfillment。

Happiness is a multifaceted concept that has been the subject of countless philosophical and psychological inquiries throughout history. While there is no universally accepted definition, happiness is generally understood as a state of well-being, contentment, and joy. The pursuit of happiness is a fundamental human endeavor, and there are countless ways to achieve it.1. Cultivate Gratitude:Expressing gratitude for the positive aspects of life can significantly enhance happiness. By focusing on what we have rather than what we lack, we develop a more appreciative mindset and foster a sense of contentment.Strong and meaningful relationships are essential for happiness. Surrounding ourselves with loved ones who support and care for us provides a sense of belonging and purpose.3. Engage in Meaningful Activities:Engaging in activities that align with our values, passions, and interests brings a sense of fulfillment and purpose to our lives. When we engage in activities that we genuinely enjoy, we experience a flow state, which is characterized by intense concentration and enjoyment.4. Practice Mindfulness:Mindfulness meditation and other mindfulness practices can help us cultivate a present-moment awareness. By focusing on the here and now, we reduce distractions and appreciate the simple pleasures of life.Setting realistic and achievable goals provides a sense of accomplishment and motivation. By breaking down large goals into smaller, manageable steps, we can make progress towards our aspirations without feeling overwhelmed.6. Accept Imperfection:Striving for perfection can lead to disappointment and frustration. Happiness is not about achieving a perfectlife but rather embracing the imperfections and learning from our experiences.7. Seek Support When Needed:It is okay to ask for help when we are struggling. Therapy or counseling can provide a safe and supportive space to address our challenges and develop coping mechanisms.8. Practice Self-Care:Prioritizing our physical, mental, and emotional well-being is essential for happiness. Regular exercise, healthy eating, and sufficient sleep contribute to our overall health and happiness.9. Find Meaning in Adversity:Challenges and setbacks are an inevitable part of life. Instead of dwelling on negative experiences, we can strive to find meaning and growth opportunities within them.10. Live in the Present:Ruminating about the past or worrying about the future can rob us of happiness. By focusing on the present moment, we can appreciate the experiences and opportunities that life offers us.中文回答：快乐之路，通往幸福的旅程。

Happiness英语演讲

HappinessHappiness is a thing that everyone is eager to own it. Some people say happiness is life. Others say it is freedom. Some people think it is money. Even though different people have different opinions, everyone is longing for it. So, what it is happiness actually?Aristotle says that happiness belongs to the satisfied. However, most of people are not satisfied about present condition, and they want to earn more to become wealthy superficially. To be honest, they’re not as happy as we look. Daniel Gilbert, a psychologist at Harvard university, said, they have come to the general conclusion that when a person rises from poverty to a middle class, the increase in wealth makes people happier. However, the subsequent increase in wealth will not add much to happiness. Therefore, the statement that money can make people happy is wrong. For example, since the World War Ⅱ, GDP has tripled in the United States every year. According to the survey about relationship between money and happiness, sense of happiness has not increased much. The commonly-held opinion is countered totally.Lincoln said that for most people, they are as happy as they think they are. Just like Max, a famous Politian. He doesn’t have money in his life, but he fight for human’s happiness. He is happy. And Madam Curie, an important scientist, she doesn’t like fame and statues. She just workshard to conduct studies to find Radium. Both of them put themselves into the society and work for human being, which is happiness for them. When you realize the value of life truly, you can know what called happiness. If you do something helpful to the whole society, you can get sense of honor. And it’s origin of happiness. Well, some people will confused and ask that we don’t have ability to do something great. You don’t be worry, just do something you can. Everyone has different assignment, as long as you do things beneficial to the society, it’s enough.Happiness is that to value what you have. All of us have yearning, but more importantly, they are about achieving contentment. For example, you have a happy family, cute child, pleased job and so on. You will find that you have so many things that you should value and be happy. Some children who live in the countryside are not richer than children who live in the city. But they can form good characters, have sense of responsibility and become more mature. Some thinks that the rural and urban has very big disparity, education and living conditions in rural aren’t as good as urban. However, happiness shouldn’t be compared. With the development of the economics, the rural infrastructure gets improved gradually. So, don’t compare with other, think things you have more. Happiness is thing you have.Happiness is the simplest thing in the world. Beggar said: happinessis bread eat, orphans said: happiness is accompanied by parents, children said: happiness is a lot of fun toys. Now that happiness is so ordinary that we can touch and feel it everywhere, but so many people can’t find it at all. So how we can gain happiness in the life?I have a friend who likes dancing, and I was lucky to see her performance. When she sat in the stage and the light in her face gently, she was like a star that sparkles in the sky. Because of love, she always does it not caring about the difficulties she faced. I strongly believe that love can make us happy. Cao xueqin spent more ten years in writing the book called Dream of the Red Chamber. Even though he was so poor that he couldn’t eat, he still focused on writing. The reason he persisted was that he liked it and want to finish it. We don’t know the feeling he had when he finally finished it, but I think he was happy enough to get rid of hardship.So, if you want to be happy, you ought to do something you love and immerse yourself in it.And we should learn how to be tolerant and ignore some slight things in the daily life. Many things will occur to our life, something important, something inconsequential, so we should be clever about how to control our feelings and know how to give up something. If you stick to many small matters, you will be surrounded by annoyance. In 2013, Jiangsu Province published "celebrating 100 years old-Jiangsu longevity elderly style", released a "Jiangsu Province centenarian surveyreport", the report that many centenarians longevity reasons and lifestyle were explored. We all know that there are many reasons for short life, but old people who live longer are all the same. The most important reason is that they all are not easy to be annoyed，which means they are lenient and have good mindset in many aspects. When they keep this feeling, they’re so happy and thoughtless that their life can be prolonged. Therefore, to give up and bear something unimportant can give us sense of happiness.We should set more and more goals to own happiness. Happiness is a feeling that our longings can be meted totally. And happiness is temporary, just like misfortune, as time goes by, happiness and misfortune will fade away. According to this statement, if we continue to own happiness all the time and have a happy life, we must satisfy more longings constantly. For example, when I was ten years old, my father promised me that if I could get great grades in the final exam, he would buy a beautiful dress I dreamed of. Well, I got it and smiled, to be honest, I was full of happiness. The simple dress just let me immerse in happiness. By finishing this goal, I knew the lesson that when you achieve a wish or a goal, love a person or be loved, and so on, they all belong to happiness. Just like climb the mountains, when we arrive on the top of it, we succeed in challenging ourselves. Therefore, a successful thing can give you confident and make you affirm yourself. As a result, ifwe achieve more and more aims, our sense of happiness will be larger. Set a goal, and complete it, then be happy.And then, we should study new things constantly. For example, Gorky, the great Soviet writer, and Lenin called him “the most outstanding representation of proletarian art”. He was longing for reading, in every occasions, he would take all opportunities to read the book with hunger. Gorky said that I throw myself in a book like a hungry man on bread, which means he was attracted by books and books can bring sense of happiness. In terms of books, he thought them as food that can give people gratification, so books have the same functions. Read more books, learn more knowledge, and let more things fill into your brain. Following this way, we can have happiness all the time.Well, we also learn how to share happy things with other people, especially person you love. When you share something with your friends, your happiness will be double. “Roses given, fragrance left in hand”, it’s a proverb that all of us know it. And we can travel to other places. For instance, in the modern society, people have many pressures in different aspects, so we can have a choice to travel to relax ourselves. In the process of travelling, we will find ourselves truly and release in physical. And I think we can get some suggestions from failures, and then put them into the next things. We will make great progress from learning a lesson and acquire happiness when we get more and more successful. So,we can know that even though we can’t be a success, we still can be happy from getting ahead.For many ordinary people, they don’t know the true happiness, and they seek for happiness they think blindly. Everyone intends to own happiness, and they find it all the while. However, they always want to make money and raise their status to prove that they’re happy and famous. In common concepts, fame, position and money all are symbols to attest happiness. But, when we become more and more mature, we will know what happiness is. Happiness is not how big your house is, but how sweet the laughter is; happiness is not how much luxury you drive, but how you drive home safely; happiness is not you have how much money, but how happy things you do; happiness is not how good you eat and dress, but how healthy you are. Happiness can be seen everywhere, so don’t look for it in distance, and we can experience it from our hearts. Many people feel that their lives are not happy, in fact, may be because you ignore the small happiness around. In fact, happiness is a safe and healthy family, there are people you love, small life although flat, but happy.。

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• •
Issues & Etiology Feeling Disorders
Anxiety & Fear Depression & Mania NEGATIVE POSITIVE
Afraid Happy
III. Thought Disorders
• Schizophrenia
Sad Content
IV. Assessment and Therapy V. Pursuit of Happiness
躁狂(MANIA)
• ANXIETY DISORDER • PANIC DISORDER • PHOBIA • OCD OC • PTSD
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
抑郁 (DEPRESSION)
LOW AROUSAL
6
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
LOW AROUSAL
Feeling Disorders
Feeling Disorders
PROBLEM FOR SELF
HIGH AROUSAL
Terrified Afraid
HIGH AROUSAL
What's the difference between stress, Happy tension and panic? Stress is when your POSITIVE wife is pregnant, Tension is when your Content girlfriend is pregnant pregnant, and Panic is when Blissful both are pregnant.
3
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY
The Genetic and The Environmental Diathesis Stress
43%
17%
Boston Globe, July 18, 2003
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY Yes
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY
Anxiety & Fear Depression & Mania
I. II.
• •
Issues & Etiology Feeling Disorders
Anxiety & Fear Depression & Mania
III. Thought Disorders
• Schizophrenia
III. Thought Disorders
• Schizophrenia
IV. Assessment and Therapy V. Pursuit of Happiness
IV. Assessment and Therapy V. Pursuit of Happiness
1
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
• ANXIETY DISORDER • PANIC DISORDER • PHOBIA • OCD OC • PTSD
• ANXIETY DISORDER • PANIC DISORDER • PHOBIA • OCD OC • OBSESSIONS •Contamination. • PTSD
BELIEFS ANXIETY
7
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
• ANXIETY DISORDER • PANIC DISORDER • PHOBIA • OCD OC • PTSD
• ANXIETY DISORDER • PANIC DISORDER • PHOBIA • OCD OC • PTSD
Everything looks fuzzy to me.
I’m feeling clammy and dizzy.
Stress
No Vulnerability Damn lucky
4
LECTURE 13: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Feeling Disorders
HIGH AROUSAL
I. II.
•Doubts about actions. •Need for order. •Violent and disturbing images. •Intrusive pornographic thoughts and fantasies. • COMPULSIONS •Repeated hand washing. •Putting things in order. •Checking •Very frequent praying that interferes with life. •Counting. •Repeating words silently.
Diathesis
Medical Student Syndrome
No
“As you can see, gentlemen, Ms. Smith is suffering from glaucoma and diabetes ” diabetes.
+
Yes Mental Illness Stress
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
Sad
Content
抑郁 (DEPRESSION)
Blissful
Depressed
LOW AROUSAL
LOW AROUSAL
Feeling Disorders
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
HIGH AROUSAL
焦虑障碍 (Anxiety) 恐惧障碍(PANIC) 恐怖症(PHOBIA) 强迫症(OCD) 创伤后压力障碍(PTSD)
LECTURE 13: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
Lecture 13 Pursuit of Happiness
LECTURE 13: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
LECTURE 16: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
I. II.
• •
Issues & Etiology Feeling Disorders
The Mental and The Physical
“Schizophrenia involves not just psychological changes, but actual physical changes in the brain that we can see.”
But all psychological changes are based on physical changes…
PROBLEM FOR OTHERS
HIGH AROUSAL
Terrified Afraid Happy Elated
HIGH AROUSAL
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
焦虑障碍 (Anxiety) 恐惧障碍(PANIC) 恐怖症(PHOBIA) 强迫症(OCD) 创伤后压力障碍(PTSD)
躁狂(MANIA)
8
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
Feeling Disorders: Fear and Anxiety
• ANXIETY DISORDER • PANIC DISORDER • PHOBIA • OCD OC • PTSD
1. 学生的家庭经济条件各自存在差异，使有的学生产生消极情绪； 2. 当前社会上对大学生的评价体系及其待遇、地位都较以前下降，加上市场经济带来的竞争压力，让学生们对找工作深感焦虑，并产生自卑感；夏学銮北京大学社会学系 3. 现在的大学生多为独生子女，心理承受能力比较弱，缺乏社会责任和对人生的价值观的认识。
But all psychological changes are based on physical changes…
…and not all physical changes lead to psychological changes
“Schizophrenia involves not just physical changes in the brain, but actual psychological changes that we can see.”
LOW AROUSAL
Elated
Terrified Afraid Happy
Elated
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
Sad
Sad
Content
Depressed
Depressed
Blissful
LOW AROUSAL
5
Feeling Disorders
Feeling Disorders
From Demons to Disease
From Demons to Disease
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY
ISSUES AND ETIOLOGY
From Demons to Disease
The Mental and The Physical
Phillipe Pinel
19th Century
…and not all physical changes lead to psychological changes