托马斯哈代英文生评
英国作家哈代个人及作品简介1_thomas_hardy__
教育经历
出生地与家庭背景
文学起步
01
哈代在伦敦期间开始尝试诗歌创作，并在一些杂志上发表作品。他的诗歌风格独特，融入了多塞特郡的乡村风情和人物的悲剧色彩。
小说创作
02
哈代的小说作品最为人所熟知，其中包括《远离尘嚣》、《无名的裘德》等。这些作品通常描写了乡村人物的命运与挣扎，反映了工业化和城市化对乡村社会的影响。
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继承与颠覆
他的作品深深扎根于英国乡村，展现了丰富的地方色彩和乡土情怀，与英国文学中的乡村主题紧密相连。
乡土情怀
现实主义风格
哈代的作品以其现实主义风格和深刻的社会洞察力而著称，对后来的作家如D.H.劳伦斯和格雷厄姆·格林等产生了重要影响。
悲剧色彩
他的作品中弥漫的悲剧色彩和宿命论观念，也影响了许多现代主义和后现代主义作家。
戏剧成就
03
除了诗歌和小说，哈代还涉足戏剧领域，创作了一些舞台剧作品。这些作品同样展现了他对乡村生活和人物命运的关注。
晚年生活
哈代在晚年时期依然坚持创作，但他的作品在当时并未受到足够重视。他的个人生活也经历了一些不幸，包括亲人的离世和健康问题。
文学影响
尽管哈代的作品在他去世后才逐渐受到重视，但他的创作对20世纪英国文学产生了深远影响。他的作品风格独特，既具有浓郁的乡村风情，又深刻反映了社会变革对普通人的影响。
细致入微的描绘
他运用客观的叙述方法，让角色和事件自然展现，不加过多主观色彩，使得作品具有更高的真实感。
客观的叙述方式
命运的无情
哈代的作品中常常体现出命运对人的无情摆布，人物无论怎么努力都难以逃脱命运的束缚，展现出一种深深的悲观主义色彩。
托马斯哈代介绍
09英本 马晓萌 82 英本6 英本
Contents
Brief Introduction Major Works Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Born: 2 June 1840 Died: 11 January 1928 Occupation : architect writer (Naturalist, Novelist, Poet, and Short Story writer) a famous critical realistic writer the last important novelist of the Victorian age
His Major Works
Hardy himself divided his novels into three groups:
1)Novels of Character & Environment 2)Novels of Romances & Fantasies 3)Novels of Ingenuity
Hardy’s First Wife
Emma Gifford :
a woman of high social status.
She had a very interesting personality and was always remember by visitors to the Hardy household. She died in 1912. Thomas and Emma Hardy resided at Max Gate from 1884 onward.
◆Because most of Hardy’s novels take place in
哈代
4.著名诗人
哈代创作的前期和后期，均以写 诗著称，只因他小说的光辉遮蔽了 诗歌的华彩，他洋洋大观的8部诗作 才鲜为人知。 哈代的诗达到了“诗与真理”合 一，理性与直觉无二，自然与情感 交融的“大诗”境界，比他的小说 更为精致耐读。
8部诗集
《威塞克斯诗集》 《时光的笑柄》 《幻觉的瞬间》 《人生小景》 《今昔之歌》 《即事讽刺诗》 《中晚期抒情诗》 《晚岁之歌》
二、生平与创作
1840年6月2日，托马斯·哈代出生 在英国西南荒原多塞特郡多切斯特县博 克汉普顿村。 1862-1867年，哈代在伦敦求学，此 外一生基本都在家乡“隐居”。 1928年1月11日，哈代去世，骨灰葬 在伦敦威斯敏斯特教堂“诗人之角”。 按照他的遗愿，心脏被安葬在故乡斯廷 斯福德教堂墓地。
4.抒情色彩
诗人哈代所有的作品都具有浓郁 的抒情特色，比如小说情景交融的环 境，诗意氤氲的人物性格，凄婉动人 的心理描写，悲怆离奇的命运，朴素 从容、散文化的叙事风格„„都具有 一种强烈的情绪感染力。
四、“威塞克斯”小说 （Wessex Novels ）
1912年哈代在编纂自己的作品全 集时，把他的小说分成三类：罗曼 史和幻想小说、机敏和经验小说、 性格和环境小说，命名为 “威塞克 斯系列”。 主要包括14部长篇小说和5部中 短篇小说集。
1.长篇小说
（1）罗曼史和幻想小说
• 《一双蓝眼睛》 • 《号兵长》 • 《塔里的两个人》 • 《心爱的人》
（2）机敏和经验小说
• 《计出无奈》 • 《爱塞尔伯特的婚姻》 • 《冷漠的人》
（3）性格和环境小说
• 这类小说成就最大，包括： • 《绿荫下》 《远离尘嚣》 • 《还乡》 《卡斯特桥市长》 • 《林地居民》《德伯家的苔丝》 • 《无名的裘德》
德伯家的苔丝
•
Hardy was frustrated by the controversy caused by his work, and he finally abandoned novelwriting altogether following Jude the Obscure. He spent the rest of his career writing poetry. Though today he is remembered somewhat more for his novels, he was an acclaimed poet in his time and was buried in the prestigious Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey following his death in 1928
Thomas Hardy 托马斯· 哈代
（1840—1928)
• Thomas Hardy was born on June 2, 1840, in Higher Bockhampton in Dorset, a rural region of southwestern England that was to become the focus of his fiction. Although he gave serious thought to attending university and entering the church, a struggle he would dramatize in his novel Jude the Obscure, declining religious faith and lack of money led Hardy to pursue a career in writing instead. He spent nearly a dozen years toiling in obscurity and producing unsuccessful novels and poetry.
作家托马斯哈代的简介
作家托马斯哈代的简介托马斯·哈代，OMThomas Hardy，1840年6月2日-1928年1月11日，英国作家。
他生于农村没落贵族家庭。
1861年去伦敦学建筑工程，并从事文学、哲学和神学的研究。
当过几年建筑师，后致力于文学创作。
哈代1840年6月2日生于英国西南部的多塞特郡，毗邻多塞特郡大荒原，这里的自然环境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景。
他的父亲是石匠，但爱好音乐。
父母都重视对哈代的文化教育。
1856年哈代离开学校，给一名建筑师当学徒。
1862年前往伦敦，任建筑绘图员，并在伦敦大学进修语言，开始文学创作。
1867年因健康问题返回故乡。
最初写作诗歌，后因无缘发表，改事小说创作。
成名作是他的第四部小说《远离尘嚣》Far from the Madding Crowd1874。
从此，他放弃建筑职业，致力于小说创作。
1867-1868年完成第一部小说《穷人与贵妇》The Poor Man andthe Lady，但未能出版。
首次发表的小说是《计出无奈》DesperateRemedies1871。
接着发表《绿林荫下》Under the Greenwood Tree1872、《一双湛蓝的眼睛》A Pair of Blue Eyes1873，开始了以威塞克斯Wessex为背景的一系列乡土小说的写作。
1878年发表《还乡》The Return of the Native，写游苔莎嫁给在巴黎当过钻石店经理的青年姚伯，幻想丈夫能带她离开荒原，后因种种误会和不幸夜间出走，失足落水而亡，最后姚伯因得不到乡亲的谅解和支持而事业难成，当了传教士。
一些评论家认为《还乡》是他最出色的作品。
另一部重要作品是《卡斯特桥》The Mayor ofCasterbridge1886，这是他唯一不以农村为背景的小说，写失业的打草工亨查德酒醉后卖掉了妻女，醒后悔恨，从此发愤，成了粮商，当了，妻子携女归来，但不久与合伙人吵翻，妻子去世，卖妻丑史被揭发，事业失败，女儿被生父领走，他孑然死于荒原草棚。
Hardy, Thomas 托马斯哈代
Hardy, ThomasHardy, Thomas (1840-1928), was an English novelist and poet. In most of Hardy's books, his characters fight a losing battle against the impersonal force of fate. Hardy summed up his vision of the unfairness of life in the novel Tess of the d'Urbervilles. He wrote that, with the heroine's death, "Justice' was done, and the President of the Immortals, ... had ended his sport with Tess."Hardy's characters can be viewed as people with psychological weaknesses. But Hardy saw human downfall not primarily as personal weakness, but rather as the result of an unwilling conflict with a hostile, meaningless universe.Most of Hardy's stories take place in the fictional county of Wessex, a place of gloomy landscapes well suited to stories of tragedy. Hardy modeled Wessex on the county of Dorset, his birthplace.Hardy's first successful novel, Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), contrasts selfish love with selfless love. The Return of the Native (1878) is a somber story of the tragic results of a man's illicit love for a woman. The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886) traces the spiritual and physical deterioration of a respected man.Hardy's last great novels, Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891) and Jude the Obscure (1895), treat the theme of sexual attraction with a frankness that shocked the people of his time. The public outcry against Jude the Obscure was so great that Hardy stopped writing novels, an occupation he had never really respected, and turned to poetry.Hardy wrote lyric poetry of high quality. His best verse captures a profound sense of human loss and sorrow. Like his novels, many of Hardy's poems convey the bitter ironies inflicted upon humans by "Immanent Will," the blind force that he felt drives the world.Hardy was born in Upper (or Higher) Bockhampton in Dorset on June 2, 1840. He studied architecture and worked as an architect. In the early 1870's, he abandoned architecture for a full-time career as a writer. He died on Jan. 11, 1928.。
Thomas hardy 托马斯哈代
14
Masterpiece
-Main characters Tess of the 'UDrbervilles
了孩子。孩子病死后，她去一家牛奶场做工，认识了安琪儿·克莱尔，并
与他相爱。新婚之夜，安琪儿了解到苔丝的失贞，便离她而去，远走巴西， 苔丝转到另一个农场做工。父亲死后，房东将她家住的房子收回。为了不
让家人流落街头，苔丝被迫又回到阿列克身边。安琪儿后来悔悟，突然回
来找她，苔丝心情十分痛苦，用刀子将阿列克杀死。小说结束时，苔丝作 为杀人犯被处以绞刑。
a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remember by visitors to the Hardy household. She died in 1912.
His poems
2.Romances and Fantasies
（传奇与幻想小说）
A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 《一双蓝眼睛》
Two on a Tower(1882) 《塔里的两个人》 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published As a serial from 1892) 《心爱的人》
Alec d'Urberville — The son of Mrs. d'Urberville. He either rapes or seduces Tess when she is no more than sixteen or seventeen years old, and later pursues her relentlessly. John Durbeyfield— Tess's father, a pedlar in Marlott village who is a lazy alcoholic.
托马斯 哈代
着得爱站温自来，上着知，
的冷我到柔己到你一的的你
时淡，我的能我却句时歌却
分无没身情够跟披。候曲对
？情有边感复前着 ，，我
，争，！活；月 你 歌
吴 笛
论 ，
光却唱 不
译
愿
——
遗言争执
哈代留下的遗言是死 后葬在故乡的家墓里。可 是政府为了表示对当代有 名作家的重视和敬意，坚 持要举行国葬，把遗体安 葬在威斯敏斯特大教堂的 诗人角。
（二）苔丝的形象
• 1、苔丝是一个纯洁、善良、美丽、坚强并具有牺牲精神和 反抗精神的英国农村女性形象。
• 环境
历程
多重因素
• 布蕾谷
纯洁女孩
绝对贫穷
•↓
↓
• 纯瑞脊
失节女
金钱、暴力、宗教
•↓
↓
• 塔布篱
被弃妇
虚伪的道德
•↓
↓
• 棱窟槐
雇工
残酷的剥削
•↓
↓
• 群鹤公寓
杀人犯Leabharlann 不平等的法律（二）苔丝的形象
多塞特郡的建筑师
• 在当建筑学徒的时候，哈代就开 始写诗歌。总是退稿。后来又改 写小说。1874年，他的小说《远 离尘嚣》出版获得成功，从此哈 代放弃了建筑师的工作，专事写 作。
责备
如你象当来啊心现或但我现
同是现你赢，情在者是们在
我否在死得我沉我不，曾我
俩会这了这真重死想我经死
活变般，份盼地了唱活熟了
19世纪现实主义文学
托马斯·哈代
多塞特的悲剧作家——哈代
哈代的故居
一、复活了威塞克斯的哈代
哈代（Thomas Hardy 1840—1928） 英国19世纪末和20世纪
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Hardy met Florence Dugdale in 1907. After Emma’s death in 1912, Florence and Hardy married and continued to live at Max Gate
Hardy died on January 11, 1928.
Thomas and Emma Hardy resided at Max Gate from 1884 onward. She died in 1912.
Emma Gifford was a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remembered by visitors to the Hardy household.
Thomas Hardy
one of the most important novelists in the Victorian Era
the first important poet in the 20th century.
Life
Works
Features of his novels
His Life
The Return of the Native (1878)
The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)
Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891) Jude the Obscure (1895)
Features of his Novels
1. Sympathy for the peasants in an age of decline and decay of peasantry; 2. Man’s life controlled by hostile, cruel, mysterious fate; 3. A pessimistic vein runs throughout his novels. 4. Nostalgia for the pastoral and patriarchal mode of life;
A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873) (1880)
The Trumpet Major
Desperate Remedies (1871)
The Hand of Ethelberta(1876)
Under the Greenwood Tree (1872)
Far Form the Madding Crowd (1874)
Hardy spent his early life singing in the church choir with his father. He was a sickly child and was not able to attend school at a young age. At the age of 22, Hardy moved to London to become an architect.
Thomas Hardy was born on June 2, 1840 in Higher Bockhampton in this cottage. This cottage is now in the care of The National Trust.
Throughout his life, he fondly remembered this house and frequently visited it. This little village had even become the focus of his fiction, the Wessex of his novels and poems
His Major Works
Hardy himself divided his novels into three groups:
1)Novels of Romances & Fantasies
2)Novels of Ingenuity
3)Novels of Character & Environment
Hardy first met his future wife, Emma Gifford, at St. Juliot’s rectory in 1872. They married in 1874 This chance meeting would shape the next 40 years of Hardy’s life.
5. A naturalistic tendency in his works
6. Architectural structure by accumulating each