托马斯哈代-the man he killed
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托马斯.哈代（诗歌）
[英]哈代著徐志摩译二里头扫校我国现代著名诗人徐志摩，曾在一篇文章中说：“我不讳我的…英雄崇拜‟”。
他的所谓“英雄”，是这样一些人物，近现代的，有印度大诗人泰戈尔，法国作家罗曼·罗兰，意大利诗人邓南遮，还有，英国的托玛斯·哈代……他的理由：“山，我们爱踹高的；人，我们为什么不愿意接近大的？”对于这些英雄，他不仅阅读、翻译他们的作品，而且，“在我有力量爬的时候，总不教放过一个…登高‟的机会。
”他想亲炙他们，“多瞻仰几个英雄。
”这种向往，促成了他与英国大作家托玛斯·哈代的一次会面。
哈代虽然被公认为英国重要的小说家之一，他的长篇小说《还乡》、《无名的裘德》，尤其代表作《苔丝》，为他赢得了巨大的声誉，可在早期，以及后期，他的诗作，却出色地表现出他“真纯的人生哲学”。
正是这些诗作，最早吸引了中国诗人徐志摩，使他终身，都将哈代当作“属于任何时代”的“英雄”崇拜着。
一在徐志摩的翻译诗作过程中，数量最多的，似乎就是哈代了，达到了数十首。
时间，最早发表出的，是在1923年。
当年11月10日的《小说月报》上，刊出了徐志摩翻译的两首哈代的诗作。
1924年，他又先后翻译发表了四首哈代诗作。
1925年3月的《语丝》杂志，又刊出他翻译的哈代诗作《在一家饭店》；1926年5月20日《晨报副刊·诗镌》中，刊出了《厌世的哈提（即哈代）》一文。
为了印证自己的观点，徐志摩一口气翻译出四首哈代诗作。
至此，有关翻译的介绍可以暂时告一段落。
因为随后不久的当年夏天，徐志摩就奔赴欧洲，在英国学者、剑桥大学王家学院教授狄更生的介绍下，见到了他心仪的“英雄”——托玛斯·哈代。
在未见到哈代本人之前，徐志摩曾经根据一些文章的描述和一点想象，为哈代画了一张像：“如其你早几年，也许就是现在，到多切斯特的乡下，你或许碰到…裘德‟的作者，一个和善可亲的老者，穿着短裤便服，精神飒爽的，短短的脸面，短短的下颌，在街道上闲暇的走着，招呼着，答话着，你如其过去问他卫撒克士小说里的名胜，他就欣欣地从详指点讲解；回头他一扬手，已经跳上了他的自行车，按着车铃，向人丛里去了。
HardyandTess托马斯·哈代简介和作品赏析
人物形象塑造
苔丝被塑造成一个纯洁、善良、坚强的女性形象，她的遭遇反映了当时社会对 女性的压迫和束缚；而亚雷和安吉尔则分别代表了社会中的邪恶势力和虚伪道 德，他们的行为对苔丝的命运产生了深远影响。
艺术特色及文学价值
艺术特色
哈代在小说中运用了现实主义的手法，通过细腻的描写和生动的叙述，展现了19 世纪末英国农村的生活面貌和人们的内心世界。同时，他还巧妙地运用了象征、 隐喻等修辞手法，使作品具有深厚的艺术内涵。
06
托马斯·哈代在文学史上的地位 和影响
对当时社会现象反映和批判
揭示社会不公
哈代的作品中经常描写社会的不 公现象，如贫富差距、阶级矛盾 等，通过人物性格和命运的塑造 ，深刻反映了当时社会的弊端。
批判传统观念
哈代在作品中批判了传统的道德 观念、宗教信仰等，提出了对人 性的新的理解和探索，对当时的
社会思想产生了深远的影响。
社会意义与影响
社会意义
《无名的裘德》通过展现主人公裘德的斗争和失败，揭示了当时英国社会的种种弊端和 不公。小说呼吁人们关注社会底层人民的命运，追求自由、平等和真爱，具有深远的社
会意义。
影响
《无名的裘德》在出版后引起了广泛的关注和讨论，对当时的社会观念产生了深远的影 响。同时，小说中的艺术特色和文学价值也使得它成为后世研究和借鉴的重要对象。
影响
自出版以来，《德伯家的苔丝》一直受到读者的喜爱和推崇，被翻译成多种语言并在世界范围内广为 流传。它对后来的文学创作产生了深远的影响，被誉为英国文学史上的里程碑之作。
04
《无名的裘德》赏析
故事情节与人物形象塑造
要点一
故事情节
《无名的裘德》以英国农村为背景，通过主人公裘德的人 生经历以及他与旧秩序、旧道德的斗争，展现了人性的复 杂性和社会的残酷性。故事情节跌宕起伏，引人入胜。
苔丝被塑造成一个纯洁、善良、坚强的女性形象，她的遭遇反映了当时社会对 女性的压迫和束缚；而亚雷和安吉尔则分别代表了社会中的邪恶势力和虚伪道 德，他们的行为对苔丝的命运产生了深远影响。
艺术特色及文学价值
艺术特色
哈代在小说中运用了现实主义的手法，通过细腻的描写和生动的叙述，展现了19 世纪末英国农村的生活面貌和人们的内心世界。同时，他还巧妙地运用了象征、 隐喻等修辞手法，使作品具有深厚的艺术内涵。
06
托马斯·哈代在文学史上的地位 和影响
对当时社会现象反映和批判
揭示社会不公
哈代的作品中经常描写社会的不 公现象，如贫富差距、阶级矛盾 等，通过人物性格和命运的塑造 ，深刻反映了当时社会的弊端。
批判传统观念
哈代在作品中批判了传统的道德 观念、宗教信仰等，提出了对人 性的新的理解和探索，对当时的
社会思想产生了深远的影响。
社会意义与影响
社会意义
《无名的裘德》通过展现主人公裘德的斗争和失败，揭示了当时英国社会的种种弊端和 不公。小说呼吁人们关注社会底层人民的命运，追求自由、平等和真爱，具有深远的社
会意义。
影响
《无名的裘德》在出版后引起了广泛的关注和讨论，对当时的社会观念产生了深远的影 响。同时，小说中的艺术特色和文学价值也使得它成为后世研究和借鉴的重要对象。
影响
自出版以来，《德伯家的苔丝》一直受到读者的喜爱和推崇，被翻译成多种语言并在世界范围内广为 流传。它对后来的文学创作产生了深远的影响，被誉为英国文学史上的里程碑之作。
04
《无名的裘德》赏析
故事情节与人物形象塑造
要点一
故事情节
《无名的裘德》以英国农村为背景，通过主人公裘德的人 生经历以及他与旧秩序、旧道德的斗争，展现了人性的复 杂性和社会的残酷性。故事情节跌宕起伏，引人入胜。
Thomas-Hardy人物介绍英语课
Thomas Hardy was a British poet and novelist 托马斯哈代是英国的诗人、小说家。
Yeah, I am good at writis literature 尽管他是以他的文学著名于世的
What?
he started his career as an architect 但他一开始并没有直接步入文坛，而是从搬砖盖房子开始了他的职业
And he succeeded! From the first novel, "The Desperate Remedies" to the fourth novel "Far from the Madding Crowd", he has had become a famous novelist.
Thomas Hardy
Rage-comic Version
Email:
Today I am going to introduce a writer, Thomas Hardy. 大家好，今天我向大家介绍一位文学家——托马斯哈代。 （好像掺进来了什么奇怪的东西）
Hello , I am Hardy
他最有名小说有两部，《德伯家的苔丝》《无名的裘德》。这两部小说是如此 的引起争议，以至于这两部小说也是哈代的最后两部小说。
At that time, someone who wanted to prove his noble, he would buy these novels, and then criticize Hardy immoral after reading. Therefore, somebody said the reason why Hardy no longer writes a novel is that these books gave him enough money.
Yeah, I am good at writis literature 尽管他是以他的文学著名于世的
What?
he started his career as an architect 但他一开始并没有直接步入文坛，而是从搬砖盖房子开始了他的职业
And he succeeded! From the first novel, "The Desperate Remedies" to the fourth novel "Far from the Madding Crowd", he has had become a famous novelist.
Thomas Hardy
Rage-comic Version
Email:
Today I am going to introduce a writer, Thomas Hardy. 大家好，今天我向大家介绍一位文学家——托马斯哈代。 （好像掺进来了什么奇怪的东西）
Hello , I am Hardy
他最有名小说有两部，《德伯家的苔丝》《无名的裘德》。这两部小说是如此 的引起争议，以至于这两部小说也是哈代的最后两部小说。
At that time, someone who wanted to prove his noble, he would buy these novels, and then criticize Hardy immoral after reading. Therefore, somebody said the reason why Hardy no longer writes a novel is that these books gave him enough money.
作家托马斯哈代的简介
作家托马斯哈代的简介托马斯·哈代，英国诗人、小说家。
他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统;晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
下面是店铺搜集整理的作家托马斯哈代的简介，希望对你有帮助。
作家托马斯哈代的简介托马斯·哈代，OM(Thomas Hardy，1840年6月2日-1928年1月11日)，英国作家。
他生于农村没落贵族家庭。
1861年去伦敦学建筑工程，并从事文学、哲学和神学的研究。
当过几年建筑师，后致力于文学创作。
哈代1840年6月2日生于英国西南部的多塞特郡，毗邻多塞特郡大荒原，这里的自然环境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景。
他的父亲是石匠，但爱好音乐。
父母都重视对哈代的文化教育。
1856年哈代离开学校，给一名建筑师当学徒。
1862年前往伦敦，任建筑绘图员，并在伦敦大学进修语言，开始文学创作。
1867年因健康问题返回故乡。
最初写作诗歌，后因无缘发表，改事小说创作。
成名作是他的第四部小说《远离尘嚣》(Far from the Madding Crowd)(1874)。
从此，他放弃建筑职业，致力于小说创作。
1867-1868年完成第一部小说《穷人与贵妇》(The Poor Man and the Lady)，但未能出版。
首次发表的小说是《计出无奈》(Desperate Remedies)(1871)。
接着发表《绿林荫下》(Under the Greenwood Tree)(1872)、《一双湛蓝的眼睛》(A Pair of Blue Eyes)(1873)，开始了以威塞克斯(Wessex)为背景的一系列乡土小说的写作。
1878年发表《还乡》(The Return of the Native)，写游苔莎嫁给在巴黎当过钻石店经理的青年姚伯，幻想丈夫能带她离开荒原，后因种种误会和不幸夜间出走，失足落水而亡，最后姚伯因得不到乡亲的谅解和支持而事业难成，当了传教士。
托马斯哈代 the man he killed
IF I had met the "enemy" at an inn, than we would have sat down for a drink and drunk many a glass as friends.
We are both firing at each other and I manage to kill him.graph (1890) (照片) • Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898) （威塞克斯诗集及其他诗篇） • Poems of the Past and Present (1901) （） • The Man He Killed (1902) • Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909) • The Voice (1912) • Satires of Circumstance (1914) • Moments of Vision (1917) • Collected Poems (1919)
But ranged as infantry, And staring face to face, I shot at him as he at me, And killed him in his place.
I shot him dead because— Because he was my foe, Just so: my foe of course he was; That's clear enough; although
I shot him dead because— Because he was my foe,
“我射杀了他，只因——— 只因他是我的仇敌，
Thomas hardy 托马斯哈代
In many of Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the modern is brought to the center of the stage.
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Masterpiece
-Main characters Tess of the 'UDrbervilles
了孩子。孩子病死后，她去一家牛奶场做工，认识了安琪儿·克莱尔，并
与他相爱。新婚之夜，安琪儿了解到苔丝的失贞，便离她而去，远走巴西， 苔丝转到另一个农场做工。父亲死后，房东将她家住的房子收回。为了不
让家人流落街头，苔丝被迫又回到阿列克身边。安琪儿后来悔悟，突然回
来找她，苔丝心情十分痛苦，用刀子将阿列克杀死。小说结束时，苔丝作 为杀人犯被处以绞刑。
a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remember by visitors to the Hardy household. She died in 1912.
His poems
2.Romances and Fantasies
（传奇与幻想小说）
A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 《一双蓝眼睛》
Two on a Tower(1882) 《塔里的两个人》 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published As a serial from 1892) 《心爱的人》
Alec d'Urberville — The son of Mrs. d'Urberville. He either rapes or seduces Tess when she is no more than sixteen or seventeen years old, and later pursues her relentlessly. John Durbeyfield— Tess's father, a pedlar in Marlott village who is a lazy alcoholic.
14
Masterpiece
-Main characters Tess of the 'UDrbervilles
了孩子。孩子病死后，她去一家牛奶场做工，认识了安琪儿·克莱尔，并
与他相爱。新婚之夜，安琪儿了解到苔丝的失贞，便离她而去，远走巴西， 苔丝转到另一个农场做工。父亲死后，房东将她家住的房子收回。为了不
让家人流落街头，苔丝被迫又回到阿列克身边。安琪儿后来悔悟，突然回
来找她，苔丝心情十分痛苦，用刀子将阿列克杀死。小说结束时，苔丝作 为杀人犯被处以绞刑。
a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remember by visitors to the Hardy household. She died in 1912.
His poems
2.Romances and Fantasies
（传奇与幻想小说）
A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 《一双蓝眼睛》
Two on a Tower(1882) 《塔里的两个人》 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published As a serial from 1892) 《心爱的人》
Alec d'Urberville — The son of Mrs. d'Urberville. He either rapes or seduces Tess when she is no more than sixteen or seventeen years old, and later pursues her relentlessly. John Durbeyfield— Tess's father, a pedlar in Marlott village who is a lazy alcoholic.
英美文学汤姆斯·哈代Thomas Hardy
• He witnessed several hangings. • His first wife died in 1912. (“Thomas
Hardy” Authors and Artists)
How His Historical Time Period Affected His Writing
(“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers)
How His Writing Changed Over Time
• Although his style of writing really didn’t change much his type of writing did. (“Thomas Hardy” Authors and Artists)
“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers of the English Language: Two English Masters New York: Marshall Cavendish 1999 ed.
“Thomas Hardy” The Literature Network 10 Oct. 2008
(“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers)
Events in His Life that
Affected His Writing
• His father was a stone mason and had a very big influence on his writings. (“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers)
• He learned to read at the age of 3. He was home schooled until he was 8. He studied Greek drama and learned to play the fiddle.
Hardy” Authors and Artists)
How His Historical Time Period Affected His Writing
(“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers)
How His Writing Changed Over Time
• Although his style of writing really didn’t change much his type of writing did. (“Thomas Hardy” Authors and Artists)
“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers of the English Language: Two English Masters New York: Marshall Cavendish 1999 ed.
“Thomas Hardy” The Literature Network 10 Oct. 2008
(“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers)
Events in His Life that
Affected His Writing
• His father was a stone mason and had a very big influence on his writings. (“Thomas Hardy” Great Writers)
• He learned to read at the age of 3. He was home schooled until he was 8. He studied Greek drama and learned to play the fiddle.
托马斯·哈代
（二）诗歌 世上的事物， 世上的事物，倒像一个浑浑噩噩的主宰 用手指不熟练地、漫不经心地、 用手指不熟练地、漫不经心地、玩耍似地在 编织， 编织， 自有生命以来， 自有生命以来，内在意志就心不在焉地编织 万物，今后亦将如此。 万物，今后亦将如此。 ——《列王》 《列王》
三、哈代悲剧小说中的现代性 （一）主题内容的现代性 表现了工业文明与宗法制农村的冲突。 1、表现了工业文明与宗法制农村的冲突。 对世界荒诞、人生痛苦的体悟。 2、对世界荒诞、人生痛苦的体悟。 情节设置突破传统。 3、情节设置突破传统。 艺术方面的现代性: （二）艺术方面的现代性: 隐喻象征手法
（四）苔丝——诗化的形象 苔丝 诗化的形象 善良纯朴，感情真挚，是美的化身。 1、善良纯朴，感情真挚，是美的化身。 2、坚韧顽强，嫉恶如仇。 坚韧顽强，嫉恶如仇。 性格软弱，逆来顺受， 3、性格软弱，逆来顺受，的苔丝》
（一）对社会传统道德的否定 “可怜你这受了伤的名 我的胸膛就是一张床， 字！我的胸膛就是一张床， 要给你息养！ 要给你息养！” ——莎士比亚 莎士比亚
（二）人性与文明的冲突
（三）命运观 “天神掌握着我们的命运，正像顽童捉到 天神掌握着我们的命运， 飞虫一样，为了戏弄而把我们杀死。 飞虫一样，为了戏弄而把我们杀死。” 典刑明正了， “典刑明正了，埃斯库罗斯所说的那个众 神的主宰对于苔丝的戏弄完结了。 神的主宰对于苔丝的戏弄完结了。”
爱敦荒原 : 传达作者对自然与人关系的哲理思 从而展开悲剧性主题。 考，从而展开悲剧性主题。
卡斯特桥市长》 《卡斯特桥市长》 (The mayor of Casterbridge,1886) 小说的重心从人与自然 转向了人与性格的关 系，进一步揭示作者 的命运观念。 的命运观念。
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Shakespeare of English Novel Tess of the D‘urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝 Jude the Obscure 无名的裘德
Hardy’Leabharlann Poetry• • • • • • • • • • • • The Photograph (1890) Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898) Poems of the Past and Present (1901) The Man He Killed (1902) Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909) The Voice (1912) Satires of Circumstance (1914) Moments of Vision (1917) Collected Poems (1919) Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses (1922) Human Shows, Far Phantasies, Songs and Trifles (1925) Winter Words in Various Moods and Metres (1928)
The poem The Man He Killed by Thomas Hardy was written during the Boer War.
The Boer War
• The Boer Wars was the name given to the South African Wars of 1880-1881 and 1899-1902, that were fought between the British and the descendants of the Dutch settlers (Boers) in Africa. After the first Boer War William Gladstone (British Prime Minister during Victorian Age) granted the Boers self-government in the Transvaal. • The Second War Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902 was one of the most significant events in the history of South Africa. It happened between United Kingdom and the two Boer Republics.
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Hardy as a poet
showed a sharp observation of his surrounding and nature and wrote poems that displayed his affection for natural world. Although like his novels, his poems also carry strain of irony of life, cruel fate and regrets.
He thought he'd 'list, perhaps, I wonder if he enlists in a casual Off-hand like—just as I— manner for the same reason as mine, Was out of work—had sold his traps— that is he was unemployed and joined No other reason why.
Traps-n. The tools or trappings of a particular trade.
Crown-克朗(英国25便士的货币）
IF I had met the "enemy" at an inn, than we would Had he and I but met have sat down for a drink By some old ancient inn, We should have set us down to and drunk many a glass as wet friends.
Wang Wei & Lv Xiangping Class4 Y2008 2010-10-22(Fri)
1840- Thomas Hardy was born on 2 June 1840.
1862- He moved to London to study architecture at King's College, London. 1867- His first novel, The Poor Man and the Lady(unpublished) was 1874- Hardy and Emma married ; Far from the Madding written in 1867 Crowd was published in Thomas Hardy met his first wife 1870- 1874. 1886- He wrote The Mayor of Casterbridge, published in Emma Lavinia 1886. 1891- Tess of the D‘urbervilles was published 1895- Jude the Obscure was published 1898- Hardy's first volume of poetry, Wessex Poems was published in 1898. 1912- His first wife Emma died.
The Second War (1899–1902), by contrast to the former
one, was a lengthy war—involving large numbers of troops from many British possessions. It started a result of cultural resentment between the Boers (Dutch settlers in south Africa) and immigrating British. It began as an uprising of British immigrants against the Boer government. The British Empire, seeing their subjects mistreated, decided to get involved. At first the war was fought with the honor typically associated with the British, but, in the end, it turned nasty(卑鄙).
他认为他的服现役，或许 同我一样，由于游手好闲， 丢了工作，卖光了家当， 没有其它什么道理可讲。 不错，战争古怪又离奇！ 你把一个同类射倒在地， 若相遇在酒吧定会盛情相邀 说不定还借他半克朗钱币。
This poem seems sad and confused because
the man in the singing the poem must not like killing people. He feels like he had to do it. He saw no joy in it. It was for self defense. He also thinks to himself on how the man he shot would have done the same thing. The man singing the poem is being realistic. These things have to happen and they all happen for a reason.
might have bought him a drink or lent him some money.
他杀死的人
托马斯 哈代 倘若我与他相遇 在一家老字号的酒馆里 我们就会坐下来 喝上几杯再分离。 可是身在枪林弹雨中 大家面对面,目光交逼、 同时都把扳机相扣， 要把对方当场击毙。 我要杀死他是因为一一 因为他是我的敌人。 就是这样，我的仇敌当然是他 这是明显不过的事，虽说
I shot him dead because— Because he was my foe, Just so: my foe of course he was; That's clear enough; although
I falter while try to justify my actions. I tell myself that I have to kill him as he was my "enemy".
The Man He Killed
Had he and I but met By some old ancient inn, We should have set us down to wet Right many a nipperkin!
But ranged as infantry, And staring face to face, I shot at him as he at me, And killed him in his place. I shot him dead because— Because he was my foe, Just so: my foe of course he was; That's clear enough; although