Thomas Hardy托马斯哈代
Thomas-Hardy人物介绍英语课
Yeah, I am good at writis literature 尽管他是以他的文学著名于世的
What?
he started his career as an architect 但他一开始并没有直接步入文坛，而是从搬砖盖房子开始了他的职业
And he succeeded! From the first novel, "The Desperate Remedies" to the fourth novel "Far from the Madding Crowd", he has had become a famous novelist.
Thomas Hardy
Rage-comic Version
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Today I am going to introduce a writer, Thomas Hardy. 大家好，今天我向大家介绍一位文学家——托马斯哈代。 （好像掺进来了什么奇怪的东西）
Hello , I am Hardy
他最有名小说有两部，《德伯家的苔丝》《无名的裘德》。这两部小说是如此 的引起争议，以至于这两部小说也是哈代的最后两部小说。
At that time, someone who wanted to prove his noble, he would buy these novels, and then criticize Hardy immoral after reading. Therefore, somebody said the reason why Hardy no longer writes a novel is that these books gave him enough money.
thomas hardy the darkling thrush 赏析
thomas hardy the darkling thrush 赏析
托马斯·哈代（Thomas Hardy）是19世纪末至20世纪初英国最杰出的文学家之一，他的作品主题深邃，笔触细腻，深受读者喜爱。
其中，《The Darkling Thrush》是他众多诗歌中的一首，通过对一只在冬日暮色中鸣叫的暗淡的知更鸟的描绘，传达了深沉而独特的情感。
《The Darkling Thrush》这首诗的情感基调是哀伤与希望并存。
在寒冷的冬日，知更鸟在暮色中唱出凄凉的歌声，象征着生命的脆弱和世界的冷酷。
然而，这只鸟儿“不顾九月的苍穹已不再看顾它的歌”，坚持歌唱，仿佛在冷酷的世界中找寻着希望。
哈代的诗歌常常通过自然和人类的困境来映射社会的冷漠和人生的苦难。
在这首诗中，他运用象征手法，将知更鸟的歌唱与人类的困境和挣扎紧密相连。
知更鸟的歌声不仅仅是自然的声响，更是对生活的热爱、对未来的渴望和对苦难的抗争。
此外，哈代的诗歌语言优美、节奏感强，通过细致入微的观察和描绘，将读者带入一个既真实又充满诗意的世界。
他的诗歌往往富有哲理，引人深思。
《The Darkling Thrush》这首诗以其独特的情感和哲理，让读者在欣赏其美的同时，思考人生的意义和价值。
哈代的诗歌不仅表达了他对人生的独特见解，也展现了他作为一位伟大文学家的艺术才华。
这首诗以其深刻的主题和独特的艺术手法，成为了英国文学中的经典之作。
Thomas Hardy托马斯哈迪
2010级12班王之宜201005421227Thomas HardyThomas Hardy (1840-1928) is in the last of the great Victorian novelist. Hardy was born in Dorset, southern England. Son of a builder, he became a builder himself. At the age of 22, he began to write poetry. He insisted in studying literature and philosophy by himself. Then in 1867, he began to write novels. While, for the last three decades of his life, he turned back to poetry and became one of the major Victorian poets. Hardy was the most pessimistic novelist of the Victorian Age. Life after 1870s became drastically different with drastic changes in mood and tenor. The age of Emile Zola’s naturalism had arrived. Hardy was apparently affected: the spirit of determinism characteristic of the naturalistic works of the period permeated his later novels as well. But Hardy is not a naturalistic writer. Hardy was a prolific writer. His Victorian novels were divided into 3 groups, novels of character and environment, romances and fantasies and novels of ingenuity. He also wrote short stories and post-Victorian poetry.In his early life, Hardy tried to write some poems but all of them were not published, so he began to write novels. Hardy's first novel, The Poor Man and The Lady, finished by 1867, but he failed to find a publisher. With the advices of his friend, he gave up trying to publish and destroy the manuscript. In 1871, he published his first novel Desperate Remedies, and then publishes Under the Greenwood Tree in 1872, A Pair of Blue Eyes in 1873. Hardy’s greatest nove ls are T ess of the D’Urbervilles,Jude the Obscure. And the former attracted criticism for its sympathetic portrayal of a "fallen woman" and was initially refused publication. Its subtitle, A Pure Woman: Faithfully Presented was intended to raise the eyebrows of the Victorian middle-classes. Unlike the novels of Charles Dickens and George Eliot, Hardy's novels do not beg to be filmed or to be adapted for the stage. Some scholars have suggested that this is due to the absence of flair in Hardy for the overtly dramatic.Naturalism and fatalism can be sensed everywhere by readers in his novels. His works capture the ethos of England, and contain symbolism, allusions as well ascombination of naturalism, realism and symbolism. Hardy is skillful in using nature and landscape to express human feelings. Hardy’s writing features lie in his determinist stance on the nature of life and the cosmos, his sharp sense of the humorous and absurd and his love and observation of the natural world with strong symbolic effect. H ardy’s stories are always moving and bewitching. He deviates consciously from traditional Victorian realism that emphasizes plot more than characterization. It is definitely to his credit that he manages to bring back to fiction a high sense of tragedy, th e Greek sense of fatality. What’s more, Hardy places emphasis on the deeper psychology of his characters. Hardy’s language possesses a silent power and charm. His prose is studded with rhetorical devices and poetic imagery, and is richly connotative. He is also famous for his uneven style. While there are some minor flaws in Hardy’s works-his ideas are not always clear, and his plots may occasionally jump and dislocate.The features in his novels cannot separate from his experience．Firstly，the source of his thoughts of destiny came from the great influence from his mother and grandmother in his childhood and the child memories greatly affected his future writing．Secondly，ancient Greek tragedies played a key role in the literary education he had got．The characters in his novel are quite different from those in ancient Greek tragedies，but they both have strong tragic flavor，no escape from destiny and strong sense of fatalism．The readers can taste the bitterness，pain，helplessness and unreasonable fate．Finally，the social causes of the thoughts of tragic destiny in Hardy s novels are explored as followed：the dark society，the gap between the poor and then rich and the invasion of capitalism into countryside driving many poor peasants into bankrupt and plights．So the unchangeable social reality and the social vicious power forced him into believing in fate and made him a tragic fatalist．Tess of the D’Urbervilles is Thomas Hardy’s great work which possesses a very important position in literary history of the world. Since it was born 100 years ago, it has attracted people’s attention and argument, in part because it challenged the sexual mores of Hardy's day. The story is about the tragic fate of Tess. Tess is a beautiful and pure girl at first, but her innocence and ignorance of sex caused her seduced by Alecand therefore she has no chastity. When Tess experiences physical, material and spiritual sufferings, Angel comes to Tess, caring her and loving her. He gives Tess great condors like an angel sending good news of God. However, when he knows Tess has been seduced by Alec, his attitude changes very drastically. He cannot forgive Tess and asks to stop the marriage. Then he leaves Tess. The pain he has brought to Tess is much more serious than that brought by Alec, and it is even fatal in some sense. Under the torment of the hate for Alec and the love for Angel, Tess falls into great despair and she stabs Alec and runs away with Angel. But she is finally arrested and hanged.The story reveals the spirit of determinist defeatism and enforces its shibboleth of predestination, and no amount of human effort can alter its design of darkness. Tess is a paragon of innocence. What she asks for life is simple enough: to be loved and happy. But she is not got it because she is at the mercies of the odds against her. (Two men must appear in her life to confuse and distract her. One is totally evil; the other apparently good. The two both serve as the instruments of Chance. So many coinc idences occur in Tess’ life that the hand of Chance is in evidence wherever she goes.) This novel is a mirror for the spirit of the time. Hardy describes his critical attitude towards the unjust treatment of women and his denunciation of the hypocrisy of the social structures a moral code of Victorian England.“Ache of modernism" is one theme of this novel, and this theme is notable in Tess, which, as one critic noted, portrays "the energy of traditional ways and the strength of the forces that are destroying them". His works focuses on the representation of the psychic ache that modern civilization brings on to man. They have a grave sense of crisis and bear strong affinity with the modernist literature. Angel's middle-class fastidiousness makes him reject Tess. When he parts from her and goes to Brazil, the handsome young man gets so ill that he is reduced to a "mere yellow skeleton". All these instances are typically interpreted as indications of the negative consequences of man's separation from nature, both in the creation of destructive machinery and in the inability to rejoice in pure nature. However, Marxist critic Raymond Williams in The English Novel from Dickens to Lawrence questions the identification of Tess with apeasantry destroyed by industrialism. Tess is not a peasant, she is a school educated member of the rural working class: she suffers a tragedy through being thwarted, in her aspirations to rise and her desire for a good life (among which is love and sex), not by "industrialism" but by the landed bourgeoisie (Alec), liberal idealism (Angel) and Christian moralism in her family's village.You can also find sexual double standard in this novel. Hardy criticizes certain social constraints that hindered the lives of those living in the 19th century. It was also moral conflict at that time when women were not allowed to have the same rights as men. Alec’s seduction of Tess destroys her happiness and brings her shame. But n o one thought that Alec was guilty but blamed Tess. Besides, Tess tried to be honest about her unfortunate past before the marriage, but following the order of fate, her husband didn’t read her letter. At the weeding day Angel confess he had done something bad at the past and gain forgive from his wife, while Tess told him her tragedy and gain discard from him. The body hurt from Alec and the physical hurt from Angel make the final tragedy to Tess.References:蔡健，《从女性主义批评解读苔丝的悲剧》，《南京航空航天大学学报》（社会科学版）2009/4。
英国作家哈代个人及作品简介1_thomas_hardy__
教育经历
出生地与家庭背景
文学起步
01
哈代在伦敦期间开始尝试诗歌创作，并在一些杂志上发表作品。他的诗歌风格独特，融入了多塞特郡的乡村风情和人物的悲剧色彩。
小说创作
02
哈代的小说作品最为人所熟知，其中包括《远离尘嚣》、《无名的裘德》等。这些作品通常描写了乡村人物的命运与挣扎，反映了工业化和城市化对乡村社会的影响。
THANKS
感谢您的观看。
继承与颠覆
他的作品深深扎根于英国乡村，展现了丰富的地方色彩和乡土情怀，与英国文学中的乡村主题紧密相连。
乡土情怀
现实主义风格
哈代的作品以其现实主义风格和深刻的社会洞察力而著称，对后来的作家如D.H.劳伦斯和格雷厄姆·格林等产生了重要影响。
悲剧色彩
他的作品中弥漫的悲剧色彩和宿命论观念，也影响了许多现代主义和后现代主义作家。
戏剧成就
03
除了诗歌和小说，哈代还涉足戏剧领域，创作了一些舞台剧作品。这些作品同样展现了他对乡村生活和人物命运的关注。
晚年生活
哈代在晚年时期依然坚持创作，但他的作品在当时并未受到足够重视。他的个人生活也经历了一些不幸，包括亲人的离世和健康问题。
文学影响
尽管哈代的作品在他去世后才逐渐受到重视，但他的创作对20世纪英国文学产生了深远影响。他的作品风格独特，既具有浓郁的乡村风情，又深刻反映了社会变革对普通人的影响。
细致入微的描绘
他运用客观的叙述方法，让角色和事件自然展现，不加过多主观色彩，使得作品具有更高的真实感。
客观的叙述方式
命运的无情
哈代的作品中常常体现出命运对人的无情摆布，人物无论怎么努力都难以逃脱命运的束缚，展现出一种深深的悲观主义色彩。
Thomas hardy 托马斯哈代
14
Masterpiece
-Main characters Tess of the 'UDrbervilles
了孩子。孩子病死后，她去一家牛奶场做工，认识了安琪儿·克莱尔，并
与他相爱。新婚之夜，安琪儿了解到苔丝的失贞，便离她而去，远走巴西， 苔丝转到另一个农场做工。父亲死后，房东将她家住的房子收回。为了不
让家人流落街头，苔丝被迫又回到阿列克身边。安琪儿后来悔悟，突然回
来找她，苔丝心情十分痛苦，用刀子将阿列克杀死。小说结束时，苔丝作 为杀人犯被处以绞刑。
a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remember by visitors to the Hardy household. She died in 1912.
His poems
2.Romances and Fantasies
（传奇与幻想小说）
A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 《一双蓝眼睛》
Two on a Tower(1882) 《塔里的两个人》 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published As a serial from 1892) 《心爱的人》
Alec d'Urberville — The son of Mrs. d'Urberville. He either rapes or seduces Tess when she is no more than sixteen or seventeen years old, and later pursues her relentlessly. John Durbeyfield— Tess's father, a pedlar in Marlott village who is a lazy alcoholic.
英国文学Thomas Hardy作者介绍ppt
1856 At 16, he was apprenticed to a local architect.
1862
He moved to London and become an architect. Meanwhile, he tried writing poetry, but was rejected
by publishers, so he failed to get any published.
1867
poor health forced him to return to Dorset, but he still worked as an architect to support himself while writing
• Their setting is the agricultural region of the southern counties of England. He truthfully depicts the poverty and decay of small farmers who become hired field hands(沦落为雇佣的田间劳动者) and these labourers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.
Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代 (1840-1928)
17英语2 Rita
Contents
0 1 Life 0 2 Writing styles 0 3 Works 0 4 Comments
• Novelist and poet, is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century.
托马斯 哈代
着得爱站温自来，上着知，
的冷我到柔己到你一的的你
时淡，我的能我却句时歌却
分无没身情够跟披。候曲对
？情有边感复前着 ，，我
，争，！活；月 你 歌
吴 笛
论 ，
光却唱 不
译
愿
——
遗言争执
哈代留下的遗言是死 后葬在故乡的家墓里。可 是政府为了表示对当代有 名作家的重视和敬意，坚 持要举行国葬，把遗体安 葬在威斯敏斯特大教堂的 诗人角。
（二）苔丝的形象
• 1、苔丝是一个纯洁、善良、美丽、坚强并具有牺牲精神和 反抗精神的英国农村女性形象。
• 环境
历程
多重因素
• 布蕾谷
纯洁女孩
绝对贫穷
•↓
↓
• 纯瑞脊
失节女
金钱、暴力、宗教
•↓
↓
• 塔布篱
被弃妇
虚伪的道德
•↓
↓
• 棱窟槐
雇工
残酷的剥削
•↓
↓
• 群鹤公寓
杀人犯Leabharlann 不平等的法律（二）苔丝的形象
多塞特郡的建筑师
• 在当建筑学徒的时候，哈代就开 始写诗歌。总是退稿。后来又改 写小说。1874年，他的小说《远 离尘嚣》出版获得成功，从此哈 代放弃了建筑师的工作，专事写 作。
责备
如你象当来啊心现或但我现
同是现你赢，情在者是们在
我否在死得我沉我不，曾我
俩会这了这真重死想我经死
活变般，份盼地了唱活熟了
19世纪现实主义文学
托马斯·哈代
多塞特的悲剧作家——哈代
哈代的故居
一、复活了威塞克斯的哈代
哈代（Thomas Hardy 1840—1928） 英国19世纪末和20世纪
Thomas Hardy
• 哈代一生共发表了近20部 长篇小说，其中最著名的 当推《德伯家的苔丝》、 《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure)、《还乡》和 《卡斯特桥市长》。诗8集， 共918首，此外，还有许 多以“威塞克斯故事”为 总名的中短篇小说，以及 长篇史诗剧《列王》。
• 生平
• 16岁开始做建筑学 • 25岁写诗 • 1866年开始小说创作，第一 部小说《穷人与贵妇》未出 版 • 1874年与爱玛· 拉文纳结婚。 • 1903年——1908年哈代关于 拿破仑战争的三卷诗剧《列 王》问世 • 1928年1月11日，哈代在多 塞特多切斯特去世
• Through the slow summer, when the sun • Called to each frond and whorl • That all he could for flowers was being done, • Why did it not uncurl?
• It must have felt that fervid call • Although it took no heed, • Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, • And saps all retrocede. • Too late its beauty, lonely thing, • The season"s shine is spent, • Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.
主要作品
《韦塞克斯诗集》《今昔诗集》 《早期与晚期抒情诗》《艾丽西娅日 记》《时光的笑柄》《列王》《一双 湛蓝的眼》《今昔诗篇》《德伯家的 苔丝》《计出无奈》
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• To express his “twilight view of life,” he employs the architectural structure by accumulating each circumstance, each detail to strengthen the final effect—Fate (sinister, inexorable((不可阻挡的)) Fate, the tragic doom).
• Practiced architecture Living most of his life in Dorchester (southwest England)---Wessex of his novel he was very close to the English peasantry。 He was one of the important critical realistic writers, in his novels shows sympathy for the peasants in an age of decline and decay of peasantry, and at the same time shows his nostalgia for the pastoral and patriarchal mode of life.
• Tess Durbeyfield, Alec D’Urbervilles (doubtful right to it), Ange writer quotes Gloster’s speech to King Lear:
• ‘As flies to wanton(恶意) boys are we to the gods:
• Having lived most of his life among peasants, Hardy had a good knowledge of the rich condition and folkways (customs) as well as peasant’s feelings. So his descriptions of old cultural tradition are very fascinating. At times the descriptions are tinged with superstition.
• Fatalism and pessimism dominate his novels.
• He doesn’t know the real causes of their miseries, but ascribes them to the hostile, cruel, mysterious fate instead of capitalist system. So a pessimistic vein runs throughout his novels.
• The subject (according to Hardy) is the fate of a pure woman (also a symbol of the disintegration of English peasantry) (value of social document).
They kill us for their sport.
“Justice” was done, and the President of the immortals had ended his sport with Tess.’
• His description of nature is impressive.
• Nature in his novels is personified and symbolic; it plays a role as a character in the development of the plot.
• By this design he shows that human beings are only playthings/puppets of Destiny, they struggle purposelessly, helplessly form one link to another of the chain of destiny, only to be trapped by the final doom in the end. So there is a naturalistic tendency in his works. Such a notion (conception) gives his novel a high seriousness: it was as if a scene of Greek tragedy were being played out among his Wessex rustics乡下人.