专业英语

Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract 成本加固定费用合同
In the project total cost to start valuation(估价) is not allowed, may change is not big, can use the contract form.
Cost Plus Fixed Percentage Contract 成本加固定百分比费用合同
This kind of pay cost age total cost increases, which is unfavorable(不利于) to shorten the construction period and reduce the cost. Unless there are compelling reasons, such as the urgency in the construction of military installations(紧急军事工程), the owner should not use this type of contract.
Types of Construction Contracts
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● Cost Plus Variable Percentage Contract 成本加变动比例费用合同 ● ● Target Estimate Contract 目标估算合同 Guaranteed Maximum cost Contract 保证最大成本合同
Target Estimate Contract 目标估算合同
This is another form of contract which specifies a penalty or reward(惩罚或奖励) to a contractor, depending on whether the actual cost is greater than or less than the contractor's estimated direct job cost. Usually, the percentages of savings or overrun to be shared by the owner and the contractor are predetermined(预定) and the project duration(工期) is specified in the contract. Bonuses or penalties may be stipulated for different project completion dates.
What is Turnkey operation?
"Turnkey project" is refers to according to the design drawings carries on the corresponding civil construction, equipment and automatic control procurement, installation and debugging of the general contracting ,and final acceptance of contractor gave up key by using unit "open the door entry" use.
Unit Price Contract 单价合同
The unit price contract scope is wide, the risk can get reasonable allocation(合理
分摊)
The risk encourages the contractor through improve working efficiency, and other means to save cost and improve the profit.
Cost Plus Fixed Percentage Contract 成本加固定百分比费用合同
For certain types of construction involving new technology or extremely pressing needs, the owner is sometimes forced to assume(承担) all risks of cost overruns. The contractor will receive the actual direct job cost plus a fixed percentage, and have little incentive(鼓励，刺激)to reduce job cost.
Characters
The allocation of risk
prescribed amount unbalanced bid
contractor reasonable allocation
Cost Plus Fixed Percentage Contract
Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract Cost Plus Variable Percentage Contract Target Estimate Contract Guaranteed Maximum cost Contract
What is Turnkey operation?
“交钥匙工程”就是指按照设计图纸进行相 应的土建施工、设备和自控采购、安装、调试的总 承包,并最终验收合格,承包商交出钥匙由使用单位 “开门入室”使用。
Types of Construction Contracts
Lump Sum Contract Unit Price Contract
fixed percentage
Cost Plus Variable Percentage Contract 成本加变动比例费用合同
In return for taking the risk on its own estimate, the contractor is allowed a variable percentage(变 动比例) of the direct job cost for its fee. Furthermore, the project duration is usually specified(规定的) and the contractor must abide by the deadline for completion. This type of contract allocates(分配) considerable risk for cost overruns to the owner, but also provides incentives to contractors to reduce costs as much as possible.
Guaranteed Maximum Cost Contract 保证最大成本合同
The owner and the contractor agree to a project cost guaranteed by the contractor as maximum. There may be or may not be additional provisions(附加条款) to share any savings if any in the contract. Guaranteed maximum cost contract is particularly suitable for turnkey operation(交钥匙工程).
implementation of the engineering properties(工程性质) and quantities should be specified in advance agreed.
(2).The
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Unit Price Contract 单价合同
The risk of inaccurate estimation of uncertain quantities for some key tasks has been removed from the contractor. Some contractors may submit an "unbalanced bid(不平衡报价)" when it discovers large discrepancies between its estimates and the owner's estimates of these quantities.
(1).Owner
Lump Sum Contract 总价合同
(1).The
price according to the determined by contractor implementation(实施) of all tasks, and according to the contractor in the tender(投标) offer presented in total price determined.
8.3 Types of Construction Contracts 工程承包合同的类型
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Lump Sum Contract Unit Price Contract
总价合同 单价合同
Cost Plus Fixed Percentage Contract 成本加固定百分比费用合同 Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract 成本加固定费用合同
Lump Sum Contract 总价合同
has essentially assigned all the risk to the contractor. (2).The contractor in turn can be expected to ask for a higher markup in order to take care of unfore-seen contingencies(不可预见的费用). (3).If the actual cost of the project is underestimated, the underestimated(低估)cost will reduce the contractor's profit by that amount. An overestimate(高估)has an opposite effect, but may reduce the chance of being a low bidder for the project.