The use of force
the use of force 的艺术特色
the use of force 的艺术特色《The Use of Force》（武力的应用）是一篇由威廉·卡尔洛斯·威廉斯（William Carlos Williams）创作的短篇小说，首次发表于1938年。
本文描述了一位医生在执行诊疗任务时，遭遇困难而不得不使用武力，以达到诊断与治疗的目的。
本文的艺术特色包括精细的人物刻画、紧凑的情节结构以及悖论的冲突。
首先，本文以医生和小女孩之间的角力为主要情节，通过对两个角色的深入刻画，展现了复杂且紧张的心理世界。
医生作为一位威望的医生，渴望帮助患者，但他也被小女孩的抵抗所激怒。
他在内心中产生了对小女孩的愤怒和冷酷的情绪。
与此同时，小女孩也展示出了坚强、顽强的一面。
她不屈服于医生的威胁和恐吓，而是坚持自己的想法。
两个角色之间的心理斗争展示了人性的复杂性和内心世界的纷扰。
其次，作者通过紧凑的情节结构，将读者带入紧张的场景，使其感受到武力行为所带来的紧迫感。
故事发生在医生家中的一间小房间里，这个狭小的空间不仅加剧了医生和小女孩之间的对抗，也凸显出冲突的紧张感。
小女孩抵抗医生的尝试，医生则不断升级武力，最终使得小女孩咳嗽出了她认为可能患有白喉的痰。
情节的紧凑与紧张，使读者在阅读过程中深刻体验到了医生与小女孩之间应对的紧迫感。
最后，本文中存在着悖论的冲突，体现了人性与道义、病痛与健康等问题之间的矛盾。
医生在使用武力的过程中，出于治疗患者的目的，但也可能伤害患者的身体与心灵。
医生在与小女孩的搏斗中，使用了各种手段，甚至动机稍有问题；而小女孩则因为医生的武力行动帮助了她，却也感到被侵犯和伤害。
这样的冲突体现了人性的复杂性，以及道义和实际行动之间的矛盾。
总之，《The Use of Force》通过精细的人物刻画、紧凑的情节结构以及悖论的冲突，展示了复杂而真实的人性世界。
小说揭示了人与人之间的斗争，以及道义与现实之间的冲突，引发读者对于医疗行业、伦理道德以及人与人之间关系的深思。
lesson 3 The use of force
威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯出生于美国新泽西州鲁 瑟福德城的一个商人的家庭。在他少年时期随 同母亲和哥哥去往欧洲生活。1902年考入宾夕 法尼亚大学，结识了埃兹拉.庞德和希尔达.杜 利特尔，这段友谊给了他的诗歌创作的激情。 从宾夕法尼亚大学毕业后取得医学学位。又去 德国莱比锡大学进修。他的一生主要是行医， 直到50年代才退休。
Have you looked?
I tried to, said the mother, but I couldn't see.
departure
departure is the act of going away from somewhere to another place
动身 starting The approximate date of his departure is
被称为美国后现代主义诗歌的鼻祖。
William Carlos Williams (September 17, 1883 – March 4, 1963) was an American poet closely associated with modernism and imagism. Williams is often counted as being among a group of four major American poets who were all born in a twelve-year period that began in 1874. The group also consists of Robert Frost, who was born in 1874; Wallace Stevens, who was born in 1879; and Hilda "H.D." Doolittle, who was born in 1886. Of these four, Williams died last, several weeks after Frost. (Stevens was first to die, in 1955, while H.D. lived until 1961).
The use of force
The use of force大意: Mathilda had been ill for three days. Her mother had given her some medicine, but it didn’t do any good. So they had to ask the doctor to come. There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda School and two of them had been dead. When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home, he wanted to examine Mathilda throat first. But no matter how he coaxed, She wouldn’t open her mouth. So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth. But Mathilda reduced it to splinters. In orde r to protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor had to make sure whether she had diphtheria or not, so that he could treat her in time. Letting Mathilda‘s father hold her wrists he tried his best to open her mouth and found she really had diphtheria. This story made us can think such a question that something in life can’t only depend on self-willingness. Under some circumstances, certain force seems necessary.对医生的评价:After the doctor arrived at the girl’s home, he wanted to see her throat. As there had been a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which the girl went during that month, the doctor also thought that of the girl. So he smiled to the girl and asked her to open her mouth and let him have a look at her throat. No matter how the doctor coaxed, the girl shut her mouth firmly.Thinking that the girl might have diphtheria and possibly die of it, the doctor decided to use force to open her mouth. He had seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases. He felt that he must get a diagnosis now. So he grasped the girl’s head with his left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. But when the doctor got the wooden spatula behind her last teeth. She gripped the blade between her molars and reduced it to splinters. In the final unreasoning assault the doctor outer powered the girl. He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. Her both tonsils were covered with membrane.From that the doctor had done, I thought he was a responsible person. In order to save the lives of the patients, especially those children who did not know how to co-operate with the doctor, he had to take some measure. Otherwise a good or suitable time of treatment would be missed. The doctor appears to be compassionate and keen to human behavior, characteristic of a good doctor, though he is also undeniably blunt and slightly prejudiced.思想: Though there are reasons often justifiable, what compels the use of force against others isn't simply altruism alone. The overall theme of the story revolves around power and submission and the doctor's unnerved feeling following the forceful encounter.作者如何写的: The story is narrated in first person by a doctor, who is answering a house visit to see a sick girl. Williams uses interior monologue as a"stream-of-consciousness" tool reflects the narrator's experience of dialogue and gives insight into the character and his appraisal of the situations he encounters. The story is written without the use of quotation marks, and the dialogue is not distinguished from the narrator's comments. The story is rendered from the subjective point of view of the doctor, and explores his subdued enjoyment of forcefully subduing the stubborn child in an attempt to acquire the throat sample.。
the use of force
Language features
自由直接引语 指可在不用引号或不用引述动词的情况下，直接把要讲的 话或心理活动表达出来。时态则采取当时当地讲话时的时 态，句子形式也保持原形式不变。 自由间接引语不用引述动词，不用引号，但其意义与间接 引自由直接引语在形式上相对自由，它摆脱了引号的束缚， 有时甚至连提示人物思想的引述句也省略了。它呈现在读 者面前的是角色的思想内容，而非由作者用自己的话转述 或总结概括出来的思想，是完全不受作者控制的话语表达 方式语基本相同
The Use of Force
4 The child was fairly eating me up with her cold, steady eyes, and no expression to her face whatever. She did not move and seemed, inwardly, quiet; an unusually attractive little thing, and as strong as a heifer in appearance. But her face was flushed, she was breathing rapidly, and I realized that she had a high fever. She had magnificent blonde hair, in profusion. One of those picture children often reproduced in advertising leaflets and the photogravure sections of the Sunday papers. 5 She's had a fever for three days, began the father and we don't know what it comes from. My wife has given her things, you know, like people do, but it don't do no good. And there's been a lot of sickness around. So we tho't you'd better look her over and tell us what is the matter.
lesson 3 The use of force
profusion
If there is a profusion of something or if it occurs in profusion, there is a very large quantity or variety of it. Hundreds of flowers are blooming in profusion. 百花怒放。 A profusion of leaves bursts out on trees in the springtime. 春天许许多多的叶子从树上冒出来.
威廉· 卡洛斯· 威廉斯出生于美国新泽西州鲁瑟 福德城的一个商人的家庭。在他少年时期随同 母亲和哥哥去往欧洲生活。1902年考入宾夕法 尼亚大学，结识了埃兹拉.庞德和希尔达.杜利 特尔，这段友谊给了他的诗歌创作的激情。从 宾夕法尼亚大学毕业后取得医学学位。又去德 国莱比锡大学进修。他的一生主要是行医，直 到50年代才退休。
As doctors often do I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure. Has she had a sore throat? Both parents answered me together, No . . . No, she says her throat don't hurt her. Does your throat hurt you? added the mother to the child. But the little girl's expression didn't change nor did she move her eyes from my face. Have you looked? I tried to, said the mother, but I couldn't see.
the use of force人物解读
the use of force人物解读"The Use of Force" is a short story written by American author William Carlos Williams. It follows the perspective of a doctor who struggles to gain the cooperation of a young girl during a medical examination. Through this examination, the doctor's character is revealed, offering insight into his motivations, attitudes, and the ethics of using force in certain situations.The central character in "The Use of Force" is the doctor, who remains unnamed. He is depicted as a determined and professional physician who is genuinely concerned about his young patient's health. However, as the story progresses, it becomes apparent that the doctor's motivations extend beyond providing medical care.The doctor's character analysis reveals a complex and conflicting personality. On one hand, he is dedicated to his profession, passionate about bringing relief and healing to his patients. On the other hand, he displays signs of frustration and aggression when dealing with the uncooperative girl. This indicates a potential power struggle within him, as his desire to help clashes with his need to assert control.While the use of force is justified in certain medical situations, the doctor's approach raises ethical questions. His determination to examine the girl's throat, even against her will, raises concerns about patient autonomy and consent. This conflict between providing necessary medical care and respecting personal boundaries highlights the fine line that healthcare professionals often walk.In summary, "The Use of Force" provides a character study of a doctor struggling with the use of force in a medical setting. Through his actions and demeanor, the doctor's motivations and ethics are revealed. The story raises important questions about the balance between providing healthcare and respecting personal autonomy.。
高级英语-张中载-B1-L03 The Use of Force
红色手推车
那么多东西 依靠
一辆红色 手推车
晶莹闪亮于 雨水中
旁边有几只 白鸡
Lesson Three
That is Just to Say
I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox
and which you were probably saving for breakfast
In addition to his writing, Williams had a long career as a physician practicing both pediatrics and general medicine. He was affiliated with what was then known as Passaic General Hospital in Passaic, New Jersey, where he served as the hospital's chief of pediatrics from 1924 until his death.
LLeesssoonnTOhnreee
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
profusion n.丰富，充沛; 慷慨 profuse a.丰富的；很多的；慷慨的
Olive groves, grapes, and citrus fruits grow in profusion. 橄榄、葡萄和柑橘类水果产量 丰富。
Lesson Three
Advanced English 高级英语
主讲：李世存 2019-2020-1
Lesson Three
WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
The Magic of Words
The magic of words is a powerful force that has the ability to transform thoughts, emotions, and actions. Words have the potential to evoke strong emotions, inspire change, and create connections between individuals. Whether written or spoken, words can have a profound impact on the way we perceive the world and interact with others.When used effectively, words have the power to convey complex ideas, convey deep emotions, and ignite the imagination. They can be usedto tell stories, share knowledge, and express creativity. The magic of words lies in their ability to shape our understanding of the world and influence the way we communicate with one another.Words can be a source of comfort and solace in times of need,offering encouragement, empathy, and understanding. They can also be a catalyst for change, sparking movements, and inspiring people to take action. Through the power of words, individuals can find common ground, build bridges, and promote understanding and unity.In literature, poetry, and song, the magic of words is celebrated and revered. Writers and artists harness the power of language to create works that resonate with people on a deep and personal level. Words have the ability to transport us to new worlds, evoke vivid imagery, and stir our emotions.The magic of words also extends to the realm of persuasion and influence. Through compelling rhetoric and persuasive arguments, words can shape public opinion, sway beliefs, and effect change. Politicians, leaders, and activists use the power of words to rally support for causes, inspire action, and bring about social and political change.In everyday life, the magic of words is evident in the way we communicate with others. Kind words can brighten someone's day,while hurtful words can leave lasting scars. The language we use shapes our relationships, influences our interactions, and plays a crucial role in how we navigate the world around us.In conclusion, the magic of words is a profound and transformative force that has the ability to shape our thoughts, emotions, and actions. Whether through storytelling, persuasion, or everyday communication, words have the power to inspire, comfort, and connect us with one another. It is through the magic of words that we can find common ground, share our experiences, and create a more empathetic and understanding world.。
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孩子。
Does your throat hurt you? Added the mother to the child.女孩的表情没有任何变化，而她的目光却一直没有从我的脸上移开。
But the little girl’s expression didn’t change nor did she move her eyes from my face.你看过她的嗓子了吗？Have you looked?我想看，孩子的母亲说，但看不见。
I tried to, said the mother but II couldn’t see.这个月碰巧她上学的那个学校已经有好几例白喉病。
虽然到目前为止没有人说出这件事，但很显然，我们心里都想到了。
As it happens we had been having a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which this child went during that month and we were all, quite apparently, thinking of that, though no one had as yet spoken of the thing.好了，我说，我们先看看嗓子吧。
Well, I said, suppose we take a look at the throat first.我以医生特有的职业方式微笑着，叫着孩子的名字。
我说，来吧，玛蒂尔达，张开嘴，让我看一下你的嗓子。
I smiled in my best professional manner and asking for the child’s first name I said, come on, Mathilda, open your mouth and let’s take a look at your throat.没有任何反应。
Nothing doing.哦，来吧，我劝道，张大你的嘴，让我看看。
看，我说着把两只手伸开，我的手里没有东西，张大嘴，让我看看。
Aw, come on, I coaxed, just open your mouth wide and let me take a look. Look, I said opening both hands wide, I haven’t anything in my hands. Just open up and let me see.他是一个多好的人呀，她的母亲插话道。
你看他对你多好呀，来，听话。
他不会伤害你的。
Such a nice man, put in the mother. Look how kind he is to you. Come on, do what he tells you to. He won’t hurt you.听到这里我狠狠地咬了咬牙，要是他们没用“伤害”这个词，我也许能做点什么，但是我没有着急或恼怒，而是慢声细语地说着话，一边再次靠近这个孩子。
As that I ground my teeth in disgust. If only they wouldn’t use the word “hurt”I might be able to get somewhere. But I did not allow myself to be hurried or disturbed but speaking quietly and slowly I approached the child again.我刚将椅子拉近一点，突然，她像猫一样双手本能地朝我的两眼抓去，我差一点被她抓到。
As I moved my chair a little nearer suddenly with one catlike movement both her hands clawed instinctively for my eyes and she almost reached them too.好在她只是打掉了我的眼镜，虽然眼镜没有碎，但已落到了离我几英尺远的厨房地板上。
In fact she knocked my glasses flying and they fell, though unbroken, several feet away from me on the kitchen floor.父母两人都非常尴尬，充满歉意，你这个坏孩子，母亲一边说，一边抓着她，并摇晃着她的一只手，你看看你做的事。
这么一个好人。
Both the mother and father almost turned themselves inside out in embarrassment and apology. You bad girl, said the mother, taking her and shaking here by one arm. Look what you’ve done. The nice man…看在上帝的份上，我打断了她的话，请不要再在她面前说我是一个好人。
For heaven’s sake, I broke in. Don’t call me a nice man to her.我来是看看她的嗓子，也许她患了白喉，而且很可能会死于这种病。
I’m here to look at her throat on the chance that she might have diphtheria and possibly die of it.但这一切她都不在乎，看这儿，我对女孩说，我们想看看你的嗓子，你不小了，应该明白我说的话，你是自己张开嘴呢，还是我们帮你张开？But that’s nothing to her. Look here, I said to the child, we’re going to look at your throat. You’re old enough to understand what I’m saying. Will you open itnow by yourself or shall we have to open it for you?她仍然一动不动，甚至连表情都没有任何变化。
Not a move. Even her expression hadn’t changed.但是她的呼吸却越来越急促。
Her breaths, however, were coming faster and faster.接着一场战役开始了，我不得不这样做。
Then the battle began. I had to do it.由于她的自我保护，我必须检查一下她的嗓子。
I had to have a throat culture for her own protection.可是我首先告诉家长这完全取决于他们。
But first I told the parents that it was entirely up to them.我说明了其危险性，但同时提出只要他们承担责任我就不会坚持做这次喉咙检查。
I explained the danger but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the responsibility.如果你不按大夫说的去做，你就要去医院了，母亲严厉地警告她。
If you don’t do what the doctor says you’ll have to go to the hospital, the mother admonished her severely.是吗？我只好暗自笑了笑。
毕竟我已经喜欢上了这个野蛮的小东西，但却看不起这对父母。
Oh yeah? I had to smile to myself. After all, I had already fallen in love with the savage brat, the parents were contemptible to me.在接下来的“战斗”中他们越来越难堪，被摧垮了，直至精疲力竭。
而这个女孩由于恐惧，她对我的抗拒达到了惊人的地步。
In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.父亲尽了最大的努力，他块头很大，然而事实上他面对着的是他的女儿，由于对她的所作所为感到愧疚和担心伤到她，他每次在我几乎就要成功了的关键时刻放开了她，我真恨不得杀了他。
The father tried his best, and he was a big man but the fact that she was his daughter, his shame at her behavior and his dread of hurting her made him release her just at the critical times when I had almost achieved success, till I wanted to kill him.可是，因为又担心她真会患上白喉，尽管他自己就快昏到了，他又告诉我继续，继续，而她的母亲在我们的身后走来走去，忧愁万分地抖着双手。
But his dread also that she might have diphtheria made him tell me to go on, go on though he himself was almost fainting, while the mother moved back and forth behind us raising and lowering her hands in an agony of apprehension. 把她放在你的大腿上，我命令道，抓住她的两个手腕。
Put her in front of you on your lap, I ordered, and hold both her wrists.然而他刚一动手，女孩就尖叫了一声。
But as soon as he did the child let out a scream.别这样，你会弄疼我的．Don’t, you’re hurting me.放开我的手，放手，我告诉你。