(11月11日直播讲义)非谓语动词讲义-1

成都七中高二英语（理科）非谓语动词讲义认识非谓语动词1) She is working hard.2) She was killed in the accident.3) She is to fail if she continues.非谓语动词的句法功能：1. We let the raft sail down the river.2. I don’t want to board a sinking ship.3. It is hard to make him change his mind.4. The first thing would be to decide where to go. 【By Spring老师】5. To be honest, I don’t like his idea.6. I have to find a way to save him.7. Huck felt bad to have taken away the men’s boat.8. He arrived there without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boat for---1. We paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice.2. I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope.3. There were two men standing over him.4. I told the man I had left my family on a sinking boat.5. The boat was full of stolen things from the steamboat.6. Jim looked terrified.7. We found the men’s boat tied to the other side of the steamboat.8. He left school early, and as an adolescent, determined to make his fortune, set off for New Orleans.9. Forced to change his plans, he worked for several years on a steamboat.一、做宾语的非谓语动词：1、常见的带动名词作宾语的词：allow, avoid, appreciate, admit, consider, complete, delay, deny, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, forbid, forgive, imagine, miss, mind, mention, permit, practise, risk , suggest, understandlook forward to be/get used to pay attention tolead to be addicted toon the way to (doing ) sth an approach to (doing) sththe key to (doing) sth a solution to (doing) sth只能跟不定式：pretend, refuse, manage, promise, afford, arrange, demand, decide, determine, would like/love/prefer …注意hope, suggest, demand 后不能跟sb to do1) Bill suggested _________ (hold) a meeting on what to do for the activity during the vacation.2) I had great difficulty ____________(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.注意：allow, advise, forbid, permit 等动词的特殊性～+__________ sth.～+ sb. _________ sth.We don’t allow _______ （wear）long hair at school.It’s not allowed for boys ____________ (wear) long hairs at school.2、既可以带动名词又可接不定式，且意思不同的动词forget, reme mber, regret; mean, try, go on, stop, can’t help1) Sorry! I forgot _______ (bring) my exercise book.I forgot _______(see) the film but your introduction reminded me of it.2) I regret _____(tell) you that you are going to have a quiz tomorrow.--You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. 【By Spring老师】--well, now I regret ______(do) that.3) He didn’t mean _______(hurt) you.Does it mean _______(walk) back all the way.4) They can’t help ________ (work) it out because they will be on a trip right now.We couldn’t help ________ (laugh) when the clown appeared on the stage.3、need, be worth + doing主动形式表被动含义The flower needs _____________. (water)This book is worth ____________. (read)二、做宾补的非谓语动词1、感官性动词后(hear/ notice/ see)I saw him _______ (talk) with the old man just now.被动：He was seen ___________ with the old man just now.I saw him _______ (talk) with the old man when I passed by the room just now.被动：He was seen __________ with the old man when I passed by the room just now.I saw him_________(knock) over by the old man.被动：He was seen __________ over by the old man.2、have/ get 后接三种形式的区别①have/ get sth. done 让…做；遭受损失I will have/ get my bike ________.(repair)②have …doing 让…一直做/放纵…做2) I am sorry to have you ________.(wait)③have sb do = get sb to do3) Mother had me _____(go) to the shop and buy some salt.【经典例析】（10辽宁）Alexander tried to get his work ___________ (recognise) in the medical circles.If you have illegal immigrants ____________ (come) in, many local workers will lose their jobs.三、做定语的非谓语动词引入：The boy who lives here is about ten years old.= The boy ______________ here is about ten years old.The girl who is swimming in the river is my sister.= The girl _______________ in the river is my sister.总结：-ing作定语表达_______________________________The work which was finished just now is about making a presentation.=The work ______________ just now is about making a presentation.The leaves which fell are on the ground.= The __________ leaves are on the ground. 【By Spring老师】总结：-ed作定语表达________________________________The student who will come here is Jim.=The student ____________ here is Jim.The road which will be completed will improve the road condition here.=The road ____________________ will improve the road condition here.总结to do 作定语表达________________ 被动选择_____________________练习（V+ed, V+ing, to do作定语表示不同的时间关系）The bridge ________ across the river last year brought us a lot of convenience.The bridge __________across the river now will have been completed by the end of this year. We are all looking forward to the bridge ________ across the river next year.Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles ______________ (go).【注意】v.-ed/v.-ing作定语的区别Mark Twain was the writer ________ the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. (create)The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the most famous stories _______ by Mark Twain. Seeing the __________ face of the ghost, the boy, letting out a _________ scream, ran away at once.(frighten)The dish _________(smell) good doesn’t taste so good.四. 做状语的非谓语动词引入：1) When he was walking on the street, he heard a scream.=_______________ on the street, he heard a scream.2) Because he was trapped in the accident, he couldn’t move.= ___________ in the accident, he couldn’t move3) After he had finished the work, he went out.= _____________ the work, he went out.4) If he is given more chance, he will succeed.=_____________ more chance, he will succeed.练习：1. __________________for a bus at the bus stop, he had a long talk with her. (wait)2. _________________ many times, he finally could understand it. (tell)3. _________________ on the street alone on a rainy night, she felt scared. (walk)4. _________________in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (wait)【归纳】【例析】The storm left, ______________ (cause) a lot of damage to this area. （2005高考）【强化练习】1)The news shocked the public, ________(lead) to great concern about students’ safety at school.2)Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, _________(send) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.3)______________(see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees 注意此类词用法________ with the difficulty, she can’t work out the plan.【By Spring老师】________ of swimming, she didn’t attend the PE class.________ in London, it is a big company.________ in the school uniform, she look beautiful.________ in thought, she didn’t notice me.五、不定式的时态1 He is said ___________ in Chengdu now. (study)2 He is said ____________in Chengdu last year.3 He is said ____________in Chengdu next year.六. with + 宾语+to do/done/doing1. With so many people ___________(help) him, he is making rapid progress.2. The manager is having a hard time with many problems __________ (solve).3. With all the work __________ (finish), he went home.综合练习1. Can those _________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?2. When we visited my old family home, memory came ________(flood) back.3. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good __________ (breathe).4. Though __________(surprised) to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010全国).5. The Nobel Physics Prize was announced, ________ (honor) three scientists for two discoveries that have greatly changed modern life. (2010高考)6. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ___________(help) reduce unemployment pressures.（2009）7. It rained heavily in the south, ___________ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces. （2009高考）8. __________ (complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.9. There is a great deal of evidence________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.10. Isn't it time you got down to ________ (mark) the papers? (重庆)11. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ (pass) the exam.12. I smell something ________ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国)13. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津)14. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _______ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏)15. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ (interest) in his lectures. (江苏) 【By Spring老师】16. Sorry. With so much work ________ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建)17. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __________ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽)18. With a lot of difficult problems ________ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海)19. — Did Peter fix the computer himself?—He had it ________ (fix), because he doesn’t know much about computers. (安徽)20. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ________ (move), and asked myself whatI was going to do. (湖南)21. He hurried to the booking office only __________ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out.22. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全国)23. When ________ (compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江)24. ________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.25. We must keep a secret of the things ________ (discuss) now.26. Not ________ (know) his address, we could not get in touch with him.27. ________ (laugh) in public made me angry and embarrassed.28. The helicopter ________ (rescue) the villagers ________ (trap) in the snowstorm was canceled because of the terrible weather.语法填空(非谓语动词)Passage 1Let children learn 1._________ (judge) their own work. A child 2.___________(learn) to talk does not learn by 3._______________(correct) all the time; if 4.___________(correct) too much, he will stop 5.__________(talk). He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes 6._____________(make) his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn 7._______(do) all the other things. They learn 8._________(talk), run, climb, ride a bicycle by 9.___________(compare) their own behaviors with those of more 10._________(skill) people, and slowly make the 11.________(need) changes. But in school teachers never give a child a chance 12.___________(find) out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him 13. ___________(correct) himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would fail 14. ______________(notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him. They act as if the student would never correct it unless he 15. __________(make) to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let the student do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he 16. ________(want) it, what this word means and what the answer is to that problem.Passage2I found out one time that 1._________(do) a favour for someone could get you into trouble. I was in the eighth grade at the time and we 2._____________(have) a final test. During the test, the girl 3.____________(sit) next to me whispered something but I did not understand. So I 4._______(lean) over and found out that she was trying 5._________(ask) me if I had an extra pen. She showed me that hers was out of ink. I happened 6.__________(have) an extra one, so I took it out of my pocket and put it on her desk. 【By Spring老师】Later, after the test papers 7.____________(turn) in, the teacher asked me 8.___________(stay) in the room when all the other students 9.____________(dismiss). As soon as we were alone she began 10._____________(talk) to me about what it meant to grow up; she mentioned how important it was 11._________(stand) on your own two feet and 12.________(be) responsible for your own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and 13. ____________(emphasize) the fact that when people do something dishonest, they 14. ____________(really cheat) themselves. She made me promise that I would think seriously about all the things she 15. ____________(say), and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room 16.__________(wonder) why she had chosen to talk to me about all those things.。