英语句子结构和训练2-简化

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(英语)英语句子结构与成分解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)含解析

(英语)英语句子结构与成分解题技巧和训练方法及练习题(含答案)含解析

19. The sentence structure of "My mother gives me some bread." is " ".
A. S+V+O
B. S+V+IO+DO
C. S+V+DO+C
【答案】 B
【解析】 【分析】句意:句子 "My mother gives me some bread." 的结构是什么? A.主语 +谓 语 +宾语; B.主语 +谓语 +间接宾语 +直接宾语; C.主语 +谓语 +间接宾语 +宾语补足语。 my
【点评】考查简单句的基本结构。
5.The young man ________ glasses is my teacher.
A. wear
B. wears
C. put on
【答案】 D
【解析】 【分析】句意:带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句,根据
D. with is 可知
句子结构是系表结构, wear 穿着,戴着,动词, put on 穿上,戴上,动词短语,所以
A,B,C 三个选项都不正确,故选 D。
【点评】此题考查简单句的结构。注意句子成分结构。
6.The boy_______ black hair_______ a blue coat.
A. has; has
B. with; in
C. has; wears
【答案】 D
D. with; wears
【解析】 【分析】句意:留着黑头发的男孩穿着一件蓝色大衣。一个句子中不能出现两个 谓语动词故选项 A 和 C 错误, B 选项两个介词,放在句中缺少谓语动词, with 具有, with

英语句子结构

英语句子结构

英语句子结构英语结构英语句子结构详解:1.主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。

主语一般在句首。

2.谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。

3.宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’4.定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

5.状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的.等状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

英语句子结构分方法:1、简单句简单句,即只有一个主谓结构的句子。

除了特殊情况,英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语),有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型,一般情况下,主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的,不可能宾语跑到谓语前面,或者谓语跑到主语前面。

目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。

实际上,英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式:主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar.主语 + 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 Grammar is hell.所以,我们在阅读句子的时候,不管句子有多长,不管是并列句还是复合句,都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语),有的句子中还包括宾语。

因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干,抓住了句子的主干,句子的基本意思就清楚了。

2、并列句并列句就是两个或以上的简单句,由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。

专题 2 句子成分和结构 -2023年暑假初升高英语衔接宝典(新高一适用)

专题 2 句子成分和结构 -2023年暑假初升高英语衔接宝典(新高一适用)

专题2句子的成分与结构知识对接接点1句子成分英语的句子成分主要有七种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

除了这七种主要成分之外,还有同位语和独立成分的说法。

其中独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有感叹语、呼语和插入语。

接点2简单句的五种基本结构1.句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。

掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种句子结构的基础。

2.五种基本句型结构如下:①S V(主+谓)He never lies.他从不撒谎。

②S V O(主+谓十宾)I like apples very much.我非常喜欢苹果。

③S V IO DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)My parents bought me a new backpack.我父母给我买了一个新书包。

④S V O OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)I saw a boy playing basketball.我看见一个男孩正在打篮球。

⑤S V P(主+系+表)The milk went sour.牛奶变味了。

注:主语(Subject)谓语(Predicate)宾语(Object)定语(Attribute)状语(Adverbial)补语(Complement)表语(Predicative)难点突破突破1主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词(如the rich)、动词不定式、动名词、主语从句等。

Tom is a clever boy.(人名作主语)拓展训练用下划线画出下列句子的主语,并说明其所属的词性或语法结构1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.9.That he isn't at home is not true.答案:1.During the1990s,American country music has become more and more popular,(名词短语)2.We often speak English in class.(代词)3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)4.To swim in the pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式)5.Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)6.The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(It为代词,作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式)9.That he isn't at home is not true.(主语从句)突破2谓语谓语通常由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,一般放在主语之后。

语法系列_句子成分及五大基本句式全解+练习(附答案)

语法系列_句子成分及五大基本句式全解+练习(附答案)

.简单句的五种基本句型,并列句和复合句Wang Hansong简单句简析不论看上去有多纷繁庞杂的英语句子,删繁就简之后得到的基本框架皆是由五种基本句式组合而成。

故了解并熟知英语简单句的五种基本句式是理解所有单复句(单句,并列句,复合句,复杂句)的最重要的前提保证;它同时也是学好各大英语语法的必备条件。

简单句的基本句型构成英语句子最重要最基本的组成部分是主语和谓语两大部分。

而这两部分需要由不同功能的词性充当,故了解各种词性的功能成为首要任务。

下面是常见几种词性的主要功能简介:(记住各类词性的英文缩写。

)1.名词n.:主语,宾语,表语;宾语补足语2.代词pron.; 主语,宾语,表语;(宾语补足语-不多见)3.动词v.(包括及物动词Vt和不及物动词Vi):谓语,(非谓语-此章节不涉及)4 形容词adj.:表语,定语,(有时也可以充当状语)-- 通常修饰名词或代词5 副词adv.:状语(通常修饰动词,形容词,副词;有时也修饰介词短语)6 连词conj.:起到连接两个或两个以上的句子成分或句子的功能。

7 冠词art.:定语,通常修饰名词了解并熟知常见词性的主要功能,就能够为我们快速抓住句子的主干部分及理解长难句奠定良好的基础。

所以我们平时在背单词时,务必要理解并记忆其词性。

有了这个先决条件,再来学习并运用下面的五种基本句式就简单多了。

1. S十Vi主谓结构2. S十Vt十O主谓宾结构3. S十LinkV十P主系表结构4. S十Vt十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构5. S十Vt 十O十OC 主谓宾+宾补结构解读:(1)S=主语;V=谓语;LinkV=系动词; P=表语;O=宾语;O1=间接宾语(通常指人);O2=直接宾语(常指物);OC=宾语补足语)(2)仔细观察以上五种基本句式,我们不难发现,各句式中的谓语动词类别并不完全一样。

因此也提醒我们在背单词过程中,针对动词要有意识的去了解动词的类别,辨清是linkV, Vt还是Vi五种基本句式解析1: S十Vi 主谓结构(Vi通常不接宾语;也无被动语态)。

英语变为简单句的几种方法

英语变为简单句的几种方法

英语变为简单句的几种方法一、什么是简单句简单句是英语句子的一种基本类型,它由一个主语部分和一个谓语部分组成。

主语部分包括主语和谓语的修饰词,而谓语部分则描述主语的动作或状态。

简单句具有明确的意义,并且通常只有一个主语和一个谓语。

二、如何将复杂句变为简单句虽然复杂句包含多个句子或从句,但通过一些基本的方法,我们可以将其变为简单句。

以下是几种常见的方法:1. 找出句子的主语和谓语在复杂句中,通常存在一个主语和谓语。

通过仔细分析句子结构,找出主语和谓语,并确定其他修饰词。

这样,您就可以将复杂句简化为一个简单句。

例句: "Jack saw a car hit a pedestrian."分析:这个复杂句的主语是“Jack”,谓语是“saw”。

因此,我们可以通过找到其他修饰词将其简化为一个简单句。

2. 删除从句或并列句中的从属短语有些复杂句包含从句或并列句,其中包含从属短语。

从属短语通常表示一个动作或事件的修饰或限制。

在简化句子时,可以删除这些从属短语,从而得到一个简单句。

例句: "The scientist, who was researching the effects of climate change on the environment, discovered that the planet was warming up."简化后的句子: "The scientist discovered that the planet was warming up."3. 合并同类项有些复杂句中的从属短语或并列成分可能相似或重复。

在这种情况下,可以将这些成分合并为一个修饰词或短语,从而简化句子。

例句: "The scientist, who had been working on a new theory of relativity, was interrupted by a phone call from his colleague."简化后的句子: "The scientist, interrupted by a phone call, was working on a new theory of relativity."三、复杂句与简单句的差异和相似之处简单句与复杂句的主要区别在于其结构。

书面表达句子训练汉译英--简化句子

书面表达句子训练汉译英--简化句子

参考答案三: 1. 他一到伦敦,就给我打了电话。 On arriving in London, he rang me up. 2. 她一听到这个消息就哭了。 On hearing the news, she burst into tears. 3. 那个明星的到来使得大家很激动。 The star’s coming made everyone excited. 4. 你介意我把门关上吗? Would you mind my closing the door? 5. 他不能来真令人失望。 His not being able to come is disappointing.
二.
用介词短语简化句子
示例: 1. We will not finish the task if you do not help us. Without your help, we will not finish the task. 2. If it had not been for the leadership of the Party, they would still be very poor now. But for the leadership of the Party, they would still be very poor示例: 1. As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents who were living in the countryside. Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents who were living in the countryside. 2. Because he did not know what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help. Not knowing what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.

英语句子结构详细讲解

英语句子结构详细讲解

英语句子结构详细讲解一.句子成分分析1.主语(subject)句子的主体,全句述说的对象。

一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,从句担任,常置于句首。

(名词)(主格代词)(数词)(不定式)(动名词)(主语从句)2. 谓语(predicate)对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语(1).简单谓语由一个动词或者动词短语构成at 6 o?clock.(动词)(动词短语)(2).复合谓语①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成(情态动词+动词原形)She (助动词do+动词原形)(助动词has+动词原形)补充:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。

被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。

最常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will, should, would. 助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

(doesn't是助动词,无词义;like是主要动词,有词义)②由系动词加表语构成(即主系表结构)(状态系动词be+表语)(表象系动词look+表语)补充:系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词。

有些不具词义;有些具有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。

(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

)2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, stay, lie, remain, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。

英语句子结构分析及练习题

英语句子结构分析及练习题

句子结构分析句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。

主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。

主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。

The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。

It takes me an hour to get there.2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。

谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。

分析下列句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.He studies very hard.She likes speaking.I can swim in the river.We don’t like math.He doesn’t watch TV.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。

一般由名词或者形容词担任。

表语的位置:用在动词be和系动词的后面。

凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等)出现的地方,后面必定带着表语名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

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英语句子结构和训练按照句子的用途,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法1. 陈述句:(1)Tom has a new car. (2)The flower isn’t beautiful.2. 陈述句否定式的构成He is playing the guitar.(肯定)→(否定)We can get there before dark.(肯定)→(否定)He plays the violin well.(肯定)→(否定)She won the game.(肯定)→(否定)注意:(1)句中如果有some要变为any。

例如:There is some water in the cup. →(否定)He has some books. →. (否定)(2)除not以外,否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。

例如:There is something wrong with his bike. →There is wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. →I have n seen the film.二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子,谓语动词用原形。

1. 肯定的祈使句:(1)Be quiet. You be quiet!(2)“Do+祈使句”do起强调作用。

Do come back at once! Do be careful.(3)please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气。

Open the window, please.(4)Let引导祈使句。

Let Jack wait a minute. Let’s go to school.(5)Let’s和Let us是有区别的Let’s go skating, shall we?(表示内部的建议)Let us try again, will you?(表示向别人发出请求)2. 否定祈使句“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分”例如:Don’t do that again!Never leav e today’s work for tomorrow!Don’t be late next time!三. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法1. 一般疑问句:(1)一般疑问句的肯定形式以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have(有)开始,通常要求以yes,或no来回答的疑问句。

Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim?(2)一般疑问句的否定结构①Are you not a football fan?----- Aren’t you a football fan?Will she not like it? ----- Won’t she like it?②英语一般疑问句否定结构若答语是肯定的,则用yes加肯定结构;若答语是否定的,则用no加否定结构。

Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗?Yes, I . , I am not.Won’t she like it? Yes, she . No, she .2. 特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成。

Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?What time you get up every morning? What must I do now?3. 选择疑问句:结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。

选择部分由or连接,or前面的部分读升调,or后面的部分读降调。

回答必须具体的选择答复。

Is your bag yellow or black? It’s black.。

Would you like some tea coffee? Either will do.。

Which do you like better, singing dancing? I like dancing better.4. 反意疑问句:在陈述句之后附加一个意思与之相反的简短问句,附加问句的否定式必须缩写。

(1)肯定的陈述句后跟否定的附加问句,否定的陈述句后跟肯定的附加问句。

I am your teacher, aren’t I?He didn’t study hard, he?(2)如果陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定代词或形容词,如nothing, none no one, nobody, neither, few, little等,则附加问句只能用肯定式。

如:They hardly write to each other, they?He has found nothing, he?Few people knew the secret, they?(3)当反意疑问句是“否定陈述句+肯定附加问句”时,英语回答时只看实际情况,若答语的具体内容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定结构”,答语的具体内容是否定的就用“No+否定结构”。

---You won’t be away for long, will you? 你不会离开太久,是吗?--- , I .不,我会离开很久。

--- , I .是的,我不会离开很久。

四. 由what, how引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别what修饰名词,how修饰形容词,副词或动词。

1. what引导的感叹句:(1)what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)What a beautiful city it is!an interesting story she told!(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)What expensive watches they are!terrible weather it is!2.How引导的感叹句:(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)How cold it is! hard he works!(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)he loves his son!How I miss you!(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)tall a tree it is!(4)上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。

例如:What a clever boy he is!→clever the boy is!What a cold day it is!→cold it is!【实例演练】1. _________ useful computer it is!A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How2. ---________ is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?---I’m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes to get there by bus.A. How manyB. How oftenC. How muchD. How far3. ---_______ will it take us to get there by bus? ---About two hours.A. How soonB. How oftenC. How longD. How quick4. ---Help! There is a snake near the house.---________ afraid. It will go away later.A. Don’tB. NotC. Don’t beD. Be【英语句子结构演练】一. 单项填空1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop?---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.A. howB. whatC. whereD. who2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?---About half an hour’s b us ride. Shall we go and visit it?A. How longB. How oftenC. How farD. How much3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______? ---No. She got up too late.A. had sheB. hadn’t sheC. did sheD. didn’t she4. ---The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it? ---Of course.A. WillB. WouldC. DoD. Shall5. ---__________, sir? ---Size 41, I thinkA. What size do you needB. What can I do for youC. How do you like this shirtD. What’s the matter wit h you6. ---_______ good weather! Why not go out for a walk?A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a7. ---It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it?---Just to Shanghai.A. How muchB. How longC. How soonD. How far8. ---_______ to the United States?---No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A. Have you beenB. Have you goneC. Did you goD. Will you go9. ---_______ were you away from school last year? ---About two weeks.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How longD. When10. ---______ do you want? ---I want a CD of popular songs.A. Which CDB. How many CDsC. What CDD. How much11. _______ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor?A. WhatB. WhichC. WhoD. whose12. ---______ is your mother today, Jim? ---She is much better.A. HowB. WhatC. WhereD. How old13. ---______he ______ at this school last term? ---Yes, I think so.A. Did…studyB. Does…studyC. Was…studyD. Did…studied14. ---_______ did you begin to learn English? ---Three years ago.A. WhenB. WhyC. WhereD. What15. ---________ do you write to your pen-friend? ---Once a week.A. How longB. How soonC. How farD. How often16. _______ nice flowers! Where did you pick them?A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. How a17. The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, _______?A. is heB. isn’t heC. has heD. hasn’t he18. ______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.A. NotB. Won’tC. Don’tD. Doesn’t19. He found nothing in the room, _________?A. doesn’t heB. does heC. didn’t heD. did he20. You haven’t changed your mind, ________?A. do youB. are youC. have youD. did you二. 句型转换(按要求改写下列句子)1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改为否定句)Bruce ________ ________ a dictionary yesterday.2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句)________ Mr. Smith ______ morning exercises every day?3. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (就划线部分提问)________ _______ Allan go back to England next month?4. There are some apples on the table. (改为否定句)There _______ _______ apples on the table.5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就划线部分提问)_______ ______ she tell you the news?6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改写为否定句) Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?8. Our city is very beautiful. (改为感叹句) _______ _______ our city is!9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就划线部分提问)_______ _______ has he worked in this school?10. Both of them are my best friends. (改为否定句) _______ of them _______ my best friend.11. They are happy to see each other. (改为感叹句)_______ ______ they are to see each other!12. The exam begins at nine. (改为一般疑问句) ________ the exam _______ at nine?13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就划线部分提问)______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon?14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句)He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______?15. She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑问句)She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______?16. He’s put the tree in the hole? (改为一般疑问句)______ he ______ the tree in the hole?17. How useful the book is! (改为陈述句) It is ______ ______ useful book.18. The population of Australia is about 19,500,000. (就划线部分提问)_______ ______ population of Australia?19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就划线部分提问)_______ ______ will the meeting start?20. Don’t tell him to come to my office. (改为肯定的祈使句) ______ ______ to come to my office.三. 句子翻译:根据所给汉语完成英语句子,每空一词。

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